The present application concerns golf club heads, and more particularly, golf club heads for fairway woods and other wood-type clubs.
Other patents and patent applications concerning golf clubs, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,407,447, 7,419,441, 7,513,296, 7,753,806, 7,887,434, 8,118,689, and 8,888,607; U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. Nos. 2004/0235584, 2005/0239575, 2010/0197424, and 2011/0312347; U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/642,310, 11/648,013, and 13/401,690; and U.S. Prov. Pat. Appl. Nos. 60/877,336 and 61/009,743 are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Much of the recent improvement activity in the field of golf has involved the use of new and increasingly more sophisticated materials in concert with advanced club-head engineering. For example, modern “wood-type” golf clubs (notably, “drivers,” “fairway woods,” and “utility or hybrid clubs”), with their sophisticated shafts and non-wooden club-heads, bear little resemblance to the “wood” drivers, low-loft long-irons, and higher numbered fairway woods used years ago. These modern wood-type clubs are generally called “metalwoods” since they tend to be made primarily of strong, lightweight metals, such as titanium.
An exemplary metalwood golf club such as a driver or fairway wood typically includes a hollow shaft having a lower end to which the golf club head is attached. Most modern versions of these golf club heads are made, at least in part, of a lightweight but strong metal such as titanium alloy. In many cases, the golf club head comprises a body made primarily of such strong metals.
Some current approaches to reducing structural mass of a metalwood club-head are directed to making one or more portions of the golf club head of an alternative material. Whereas the bodies and face plates of most current metalwoods are made of titanium alloys, some golf club heads are made, at least in part, of components formed from either graphite/epoxy-composite (or other suitable composite material) and a metal alloy. Graphite composites have a much lower density compared to titanium alloys, which offers an opportunity to provide more discretionary mass in the club-head.
The ability to utilize such materials to increase the discretionary mass available for placement at various points in the club-head allows for optimization of a number of physical properties of the club-head which can greatly impact the performance obtained by the user. Forgiveness on a golf shot is generally maximized by configuring the golf club head such that the center of gravity (“CG”) of the golf club head is optimally located and the moment of inertia (“MOI”) of the golf club head is maximized. CG and MOI can also critically affect a golf club head's performance, such as launch angle and flight trajectory on impact with a golf ball, among other characteristics.
In addition to the use of various materials to optimize the strength-to-weight properties and acoustic properties of the golf club heads, advances have been made in the mass distribution properties provided by using thicker and thinner regions of materials, raising and lowering certain portions of the sole and crown, providing adjustable weight members and adjustable head-shaft connection assemblies, and many other golf club head engineering advances.
This application discloses, among other innovations, fairway wood-type golf club heads that provide, among other attributes, improved forgiveness, ball speed, adjustability and playability, while maintaining durability.
The following describes wood-type golf club heads that include a body defining an interior cavity, a sole portion positioned at a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown portion positioned at a top portion, and a skirt portion positioned around a periphery between the sole and crown. The body also has a face defining a forward portion extending between a heel portion of the golf club head and a toe portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion opposite the face, and a hosel.
Certain of the described golf club heads have a channel, a slot, or other member that increases or enhances the perimeter flexibility of the striking face of the golf club head in order to increase the coefficient of restitution and/or characteristic time of the golf club head and frees up additional discretionary mass which can be utilized elsewhere in the golf club head. In some instances, the channel, slot, or other mechanism is located in the forward portion of the sole of the golf club head, adjacent to or near to the forwardmost edge of the sole. Also, in some instances, the channel extends into the interior cavity of the golf club head, the channel extending substantially in a heel-toe direction.
Further, certain of the described golf club heads have a plurality of areas of concentrated mass, which may in some cases may be positioned to affect various performance characteristics of the club, and in some cases may be removable by the user to further tune various aspects of the golf club head's performance.
The concentrated mass in one instance may comprise a mass pad positioned on an interior of the sole rearward of and adjacent to the channel. In certain instances, this forward mass pad has a plurality of integral mass sections, such as a heel mass section, a toe mass section, and a middle mass section positioned between the heel mass section and the toe mass section. In particular instances, each of the heel and toe mass sections has a mass that is greater than the mass of the middle mass section, and a forward to rearward dimension that is greater than a forward to rearward dimension of the middle mass section. In particular instances, the toe mass section and the heel mass section each has a mass between about 10 grams and about 40 grams, and the middle mass section has a mass between about 5 grams and about 15 grams. In some instances, a weight port may be positioned behind the middle mass section for securing and at least partially retaining a removable weight. The removable weight may vary in mass, as selected by a user. In particular instances at least one removable weight having a mass between about 0.5 grams to about 30 grams, or from about 0.5 grams to about 20 grams, or from about 2 grams to about 18 grams is provided, the at least one removable weight configured to be installed at least partially within the weight port. In other cases, a void may be provided behind the middle mass section, so that mass may be distributed elsewhere within the golf club head.
In addition to the forward mass pad, in some of the described golf club heads, a second, rearward mass pad is positioned at or near the periphery of the club in the rearward portion of the club. In some cases, the rearward mass pad is positioned in the heel portion of the rearward portion of the golf club head. In some instances, the rearward mass pad has a mass between about 10 grams and about 40 grams, or between about 10 grams and about 30 grams, or between about 5 grams and about 15 grams.
Certain of the described golf club heads have either one (as described above), or a plurality of weight ports in which removable weights selectable by a user may be at least partially retained. In certain instances, a first plurality of weight ports is positioned in the sole of the golf club head rearward of and adjacent to the channel and a second plurality of weight ports in addition to the first plurality of weight ports is positioned in the sole of the golf club head adjacent the skirt portion. In particular cases, one or more of the second plurality of weight ports is positioned rearward of the channel. In particular cases, two of the second plurality of weight ports are positioned in: a) the toe portion and the rearward portion of the golf club head, b) the heel portion and the rearward portion of the golf club head, and/or c) the toe portion and the heel portion of the golf club head. In particular instances, the first plurality of weight ports comprises three weight ports. In particular instances, the second plurality of weight ports comprises at least three weight ports. Additionally, in some instances the golf club head comprises a plurality of rib sections, each extending between one of the first plurality of weight ports and a corresponding one of the second plurality of weight ports. In some instances, the golf club head further comprises an adjustable head-shaft connection assembly configured to adjustably couple the hosel to a golf club shaft.
In some instances, golf club heads disclosed herein have one or more of the following features, alone or in combination:
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.
The following describes embodiments of golf club heads for metalwood type golf clubs, including drivers, fairway woods, rescue clubs, hybrid clubs, and the like. Several of the golf club heads incorporate features that provide the golf club heads and/or golf clubs with increased moments of inertia and low centers of gravity, centers of gravity located in preferable locations, improved golf club head and face geometries, increased sole and lower face flexibility, higher coefficients or restitution (“COR”) and characteristic times (“CT”), and/or decreased backspin rates relative to fairway wood and other golf club heads that have come before.
This disclosure describes embodiments of golf club heads in the context of fairway wood-type golf clubs, but the principles, methods and designs described may be applicable in whole or in part to other wood-type golf clubs, such as drivers, utility clubs (also known as hybrid clubs), rescue clubs, and the like.
The disclosed inventive features include all novel and non-obvious features disclosed herein, both alone and in novel and non-obvious combinations with other elements. As used herein, the phrase “and/or” means “and,” “or” and both “and” and “or.” As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” refer to one or more than one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, the terms “including” and “having” (and their grammatical variants) mean “comprising.”
This disclosure also refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. The drawings illustrate specific embodiments, but other embodiments may be formed and structural changes may be made without departing from the intended scope of this disclosure and the technology discussed herein. Directions and references (e.g., up, down, top, bottom, left, right, rearward, forward, heelward, toeward, etc.) may be used to facilitate discussion of the drawings but are not intended to be limiting. For example, certain terms may be used such as “up,” “down,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “left,” “right” and the like. These terms are used where applicable, to provide some clarity of description when dealing with relative relationships, particularly with respect to the illustrated embodiments. Such terms are not, however, intended to imply absolute relationships, positions and/or orientations, unless otherwise indicated. For example, with respect to an object, an “upper” surface can become a “lower” surface simply by turning the object over. Nevertheless, it is still the same object. Accordingly, the following detailed description shall not be construed in a limiting sense and the scope of property rights sought shall be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Golf club heads and many of their physical characteristics disclosed herein will be described using “normal address position” as the golf club head reference position, unless otherwise indicated.
As used herein, “normal address position” means the golf club head position wherein a vector normal to the face plate 34 substantially lies in a first vertical plane (i.e., a vertical plane is perpendicular to the ground plane 17, a centerline axis 18 of a club shaft substantially lies in a second vertical plane, and the first vertical plane and the second vertical plane intersect.
Golf club head “forgiveness” generally describes the ability of a golf club head to deliver a desirable golf ball trajectory despite a mis-hit (e.g., a ball struck at a location on the face plate 34 other than an ideal impact location). As described above, large mass moments of inertia contribute to the overall forgiveness of a golf club head. In addition, a low center-of-gravity improves forgiveness for golf club heads used to strike a ball from the turf by giving a higher launch angle and a lower spin trajectory (which improves the distance of a fairway wood golf shot). Providing a rearward center-of-gravity reduces the likelihood of a slice or fade for many golfers. Accordingly, forgiveness of fairway wood golf club heads, can be improved using the techniques described above to achieve high moments of inertia and low center-of-gravity compared to conventional fairway wood golf club heads.
For example, a golf club head with a crown thickness less than about 0.65 mm throughout at least about 70% of the crown can provide significant discretionary mass. A 0.60 mm thick crown can provide as much as about 8 grams of discretionary mass compared to a 0.80 mm thick crown. The large discretionary mass can be distributed to improve the mass moments of inertia and desirably locate the golf club head center-of-gravity. Generally, discretionary mass should be located sole-ward rather than crown-ward to maintain a low center-of-gravity, forward rather than rearward to maintain a forwardly positioned center of gravity, and rearward rather than forward to maintain a rearwardly positioned center-of-gravity. In addition, discretionary mass should be located far from the center-of-gravity and near the perimeter of the golf club head to maintain high mass moments of inertia.
Another parameter that contributes to the forgiveness and successful playability and desirable performance of a golf club is the coefficient of restitution (COR) of the golf club head. Upon impact with a golf ball, the golf club head's face plate deflects and rebounds, thereby imparting energy to the struck golf ball. The golf club head's coefficient of restitution (COR) is the ratio of the velocity of separation to the velocity of approach. A thin face plate generally will deflect more than a thick face plate. Thus, a properly constructed club with a thin, flexible face plate can impart a higher initial velocity to a golf ball, which is generally desirable, than a club with a thick, rigid face plate. In order to maximize the moment of inertia (MOI) about the center of gravity (CG) and achieve a high COR, it typically is desirable to incorporate thin walls and a thin face plate into the design of the golf club head. Thin walls afford the designers additional leeway in distributing golf club head mass to achieve desired mass distribution, and a thinner face plate may provide for a relatively higher COR.
Thus, thin walls are important to a club's performance. However, overly thin walls can adversely affect the golf club head's durability. Problems also arise from stresses distributed across the golf club head upon impact with the golf ball, particularly at junctions of golf club head components, such as the junction of the face plate with other golf club head components (e.g., the sole, skirt, and crown). One prior solution has been to provide a reinforced periphery about the face plate, such as by welding, in order to withstand the repeated impacts. Another approach to combat stresses at impact is to use one or more ribs extending substantially from the crown to the sole vertically, and in some instances extending from the toe to the heel horizontally, across an inner surface of the face plate. These approaches tend to adversely affect club performance characteristics, e.g., diminishing the size of the sweet spot, and/or inhibiting design flexibility in both mass distribution and the face structure of the golf club head. Thus, these golf club heads fail to provide optimal MOI, CG, and/or COR parameters, and as a result, fail to provide much forgiveness for off-center hits for all but the most expert golfers.
Thus, the golf clubs head of this disclosure are designed to allow for introduction of a face which can be adjusted in thickness as needed or desired to interact with the other disclosed aspects, such as a hollow front speed channel behind the face, as well as increased areas of mass and/or removable weights. The golf club heads of this disclosure may utilize, for example, the variable thickness face features described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/006,060, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,997,820, 6,800,038, and 6,824,475, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Additionally, the mass of the face, as well as other of the above-described properties can be adjusted by using different face materials, structures, and features, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/998,435, 11/642,310, 11/825,138, 11/823,638, 12/004,386, 12/004,387, 11/960,609, 11/960,610 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,620, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Additionally, the structure of the front channel, club head face, and surrounding features of any of the embodiments herein can be varied to further impact COR and related aspects of the golf club head performance, as further described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/839,727 and 14/457,883, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
In addition to the thickness of the face plate and the walls of the golf club head, the location of the center of gravity also has a significant effect on the COR of a golf club head. For example, a given golf club head having a given CG will have a projected center of gravity or “balance point” or “CG projection” that is determined by an imaginary line passing through the CG and oriented normal to the face plate 34. The location where the imaginary line intersects the face plate 34 is the CG projection, which is typically expressed as a distance above or below the center of the face plate 34. When the CG projection is well above the center of the face, impact efficiency, which is measured by COR, is not maximized. It has been discovered that a fairway wood with a relatively lower CG projection or a CG projection located at or near the ideal impact location on the striking surface of the club face, as described more fully below, improves the impact efficiency of the golf club head as well as initial ball speed. One important ball launch parameter, namely ball spin, is also improved.
Fairway wood shots typically involve impacts that occur below the center of the face, so ball speed and launch parameters are often less than ideal. This results because most fairway wood shots are from the ground and not from a tee, and most golfers have a tendency to hit their fairway wood ground shots low on the face of the golf club head. Maximum ball speed is typically achieved when the ball is struck at the location on the striking face where the COR is greatest.
For traditionally designed fairway woods, the location where the COR is greatest is the same as the location of the CG projection on the striking surface. This location, however, is generally higher on the striking surface than the below center location of typical ball impacts during play. In contrast to these conventional golf clubs, it has been discovered that greater shot distance is achieved by configuring the golf club head to have a CG projection that is located near to the center of the striking surface of the golf club head.
It is known that the coefficient of restitution (COR) of a golf club may be increased by increasing the height Hss of the face plate 34 and/or by decreasing the thickness of the face plate 34 of a golf club head. However, in the case of a fairway wood, hybrid, or rescue golf club, increasing the face height may be considered undesirable because doing so will potentially cause an undesirable change to the mass properties of the golf club (e.g., center of gravity location) and to the golf club's appearance.
The United States Golf Association (USGA) regulations constrain golf club head shapes, sizes, and moments of inertia. Due to theses constraints, golf club manufacturers and designers struggle to produce golf club heads having maximum size and moment of inertia characteristics while maintaining all other golf club head characteristics. For example, one such constraint is a volume limitation of 460 cm3. In general, volume is measured using the water displacement method. However, the USGA will fill any significant cavities in the sole or series of cavities which have a collective volume of greater than 15 cm3.
To produce a more forgiving golf club head designers struggle to maximize certain parameters such as face area, moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis, and address area. A larger face area makes the golf club head more forgiving. Likewise, higher moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis makes the golf club head more forgiving. Similarly, a larger front to back dimension will generally increase moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis because mass is moved further from the center of gravity and the moment of inertia of a mass about a given axis is proportional to the square of the distance of the mass away from the axis. Additionally, a larger front to back dimension will generally lead to a larger address area which inspires confidence in the golfer when s/he addresses the golf ball.
However, when designers seek to maximize the above parameters it becomes difficult to stay within the volume limits and golf club head mass targets. Additionally, the sole curvature begins to flatten as these parameters are maximized. A flat sole curvature provides poor acoustics. To counteract this problem, designers may add a significant amount of ribs to the internal cavity to stiffen the overall structure and/or thicken the sole material to stiffen the overall structure. See for example FIGS. 55C and 55D and the corresponding text of U.S. Publication No. 2016/0001146 A1, published Jan. 7, 2016. This, however, wastes discretionary mass that could be put elsewhere to improve other properties like moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis.
A golf club head Characteristic Time (CT) can be described as a numerical characterization of the flexibility of a golf club head striking face. The CT may also vary at points distant from the center of the striking face, but may not vary greater than approximately 20% of the CT as measured at the center of the striking face. The CT values for the golf club heads described in the present application were calculated based on the method outlined in the USGA “Procedure for Measuring the Flexibility of a Golf Clubhead,” Revision 2.0, Mar. 25, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Specifically, the method described in the sections entitled “3. Summary of Method,” “5. Testing Apparatus Set-up and Preparation,” “6. Club Preparation and Mounting,” and “7. Club Testing” are exemplary sections that are relevant. Specifically, the characteristic time is the time for the velocity to rise from 5% of a maximum velocity to 95% of the maximum velocity under the test set forth by the USGA as described above.
The front end 20 includes a face plate 34 (
Near the face plate 34, a front channel 36 is formed in the sole 30. As illustrated in
As best illustrated in
The body 12 can include a front ground contact surface 54 on the body forward of the front channel 36 adjacent the bottom of the face plate 34. The body can also have an intermediate ground contact surface, or sit pad, 50 rearward of the channel 36. The intermediate ground contact surface 50 can have an elevation and curvature congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 54. The body 12 can further comprise a downwardly extending rear sole surface 46 that extends around the perimeter of the rear end 22 of the body. In some embodiments, the rear sole surface 46 can act as a ground contact or sit pad as well, having a curvature and elevation congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 54 and the intermediate ground contact surface 50.
The body 12 can further include a raised sole portion 52 that is recessed up from the intermediate ground contact surface 50 and from the rear sole surface 46. The raised sole portion 52 can span over any portion of the sole 30, and in the illustrated embodiment the raised sole portion 52 spans over most of the rearward portion of the sole. The sole 30 can include a sloped transition portion 53 where the intermediate ground contact surface 50 transitions up to the raised sole portion 52. The sole can also include other similar sloped portions (not shown), such as around the boundary of the raised sole portion 52. In some embodiments, as illustrated, one or more cantilevered ribs or struts 58 can be included on the sole that span from the sloped transition portion 53 to the raised sole portion 52, to provide increased stiffness and rigidity to the sole.
The raised sole portion 52 can optionally include grooves, channels, ridges, or other surface features that increase its rigidity, such as groove 74 and ridge 76, best illustrated in
A sole such as the sole 30 of the golf club head 10 may be referred to as a two-tier construction, bi-level construction, raised sole construction, or dropped sole construction, in which one portion of the sole is raised or recessed relative to the other portion of the sole. The terms raised, lowered, recessed, dropped, etc. are relative terms depending on perspective. For example, the intermediate ground contact surface 50 could be considered “raised” relative to the raised sole portion 52 when the head is upside down with the sole facing upwardly as in
Additional disclosure regarding the use of recessed or dropped soles is provided in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/515,401, filed on Jun. 5, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The raised sole constructions described herein and in the incorporated references are counterintuitive because the raised portion of the sole tends to raise the Iyy position), which is sometimes considered disadvantageous. However, the raised sole portion 52 (and other raised sole portion embodiments disclosed herein) allows for a smaller radius of curvature for that portion of the sole (compared to a conventional sole without the raised sole portion) resulting in increased rigidity and better acoustic properties due to the increased stiffness from the geometry. This stiffness increase means fewer ribs or even no ribs are needed in that portion of the sole to achieve a desired first mode frequency, such as 3000 Hz or above, 3200 Hz or above, or even 3400 Hz or above. Fewer ribs provides a mass/weight savings, which allows for more discretionary mass that can be strategically placed elsewhere in the golf club head or incorporated into user adjustable movable weights.
Furthermore, the sloped transition portions 53, 55 around the raised sole portion 52, as well as groove 74 and ridge 76, respectively, and the optional ribs, e.g., rib 58, can provide additional structural support and additional rigidity for the golf club head, and can also modify and even fine tune the acoustic properties of the golf club head. The sound and modal frequencies emitted by the golf club head when it strikes a golf ball are very important to the sensory experience of a golfer and provide functional feedback as to where the ball impact occurs on the face (and whether the ball is well struck).
In some embodiments, the raised sole portion 52 can be made of a relatively thinner and/or less dense material compared to other portions of the sole and body that take more stress, such as the ground contact surfaces 46, 54, 50, the face region, and the hosel region. By reducing the mass of the raised sole portion 52, the higher CG effect of raising that portion of the sole is mitigated while maintaining a stronger, heavier material on other portions of the sole and body to promote a lower CG and provide added strength in the area of the sole and body where it is most needed (e.g., in a sole region proximate to the hosel and around the face and shaft connection components where stress is higher).
The body 12 can also include one or more internal ribs, such as rib 82, as best shown in
Generally, the center of gravity (CG) of a golf club head is the average location of the weight of the golf club head or the point at which the entire weight of the golf club-head may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the head would remain in equilibrium in any position. A golf club head origin coordinate system can be defined such that the location of various features of the golf club head, including the CG can be determined with respect to a golf club head origin positioned at the geometric center of the striking surface and when the club-head is at the normal address position (i.e., the club-head position wherein a vector normal to the club face substantially lies in a first vertical plane perpendicular to the ground plane, the centerline axis of the club shaft substantially lies in a second substantially vertical plane, and the first vertical plane and the second substantially vertical plane substantially perpendicularly intersect).
The head origin coordinate system defined with respect to the head origin includes three axes: a z-axis extending through the head origin in a generally vertical direction relative to the ground; an x-axis extending through the head origin in a toe-to-heel direction generally parallel to the striking surface (e.g., generally tangential to the striking surface at the center) and generally perpendicular to the z-axis; and a y-axis extending through the head origin in a front-to-back direction and generally perpendicular to the x-axis and to the z-axis. The x-axis and the y-axis both extend in generally horizontal directions relative to the ground when the golf club head is at the normal address position. The x-axis extends in a positive direction from the origin towards the heel of the golf club head. The y axis extends in a positive direction from the head origin towards the rear portion of the golf club head. The z-axis extends in a positive direction from the origin towards the crown. Thus for example, and using millimeters as the unit of measure, a CG that is located 3.2 mm from the head origin toward the toe of the golf club head along the x-axis, 36.7 mm from the head origin toward the rear of the clubhead along the y-axis, and 4.1 mm from the head origin toward the sole of the golf club head along the z-axis can be defined as having a CGx of −3.2 mm, a CGy of −36.7 mm, and a CGz of −4.1 mm.
Further as used herein, Delta 1 is a measure of how far rearward in the golf club head body the CG is located. More specifically, Delta 1 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the y axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club face from the geometric center of the striking face). It has been observed that smaller values of Delta 1 result in lower projected CGs on the golf club head face. Thus, for embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads in which the projected CG on the ball striking club face is lower than the geometric center, reducing Delta 1 can lower the projected CG and increase the distance between the geometric center and the projected CG. Note also that a lower projected CG can create a higher dynamic loft and more reduction in backspin due to the z-axis gear effect. Thus, for particular embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads, in some cases the Delta 1 values are relatively low, thereby reducing the amount of backspin on the golf ball helping the golf ball obtain the desired high launch, low spin trajectory.
Similarly Delta 2 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the x axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club face from the geometric center of the striking face).
Adjusting the location of the discretionary mass in a golf club head as described herein can provide the desired Delta 1 value. For instance, Delta 1 can be manipulated by varying the mass in front of the CG (closer to the face) with respect to the mass behind the CG. That is, by increasing the mass behind the CG with respect to the mass in front of the CG, Delta 1 can be increased. In a similar manner, by increasing the mass in front of the CG with the respect to the mass behind the CG, Delta 1 can be decreased.
In addition to the position of the CG of a club-head with respect to the head origin another important property of a golf club-head is a projected CG point on the golf club head striking surface which is the point on the striking surface that intersects with a line that is normal to the tangent line of the ball striking club face and that passes through the CG. This projected CG point (“CG Proj”) can also be referred to as the “zero-torque” point because it indicates the point on the ball striking club face that is centered with the CG. Thus, if a golf ball makes contact with the club face at the projected CG point, the golf club head will not twist about any axis of rotation since no torque is produced by the impact of the golf ball. A negative number for this property indicates that the projected CG point is below the geometric center of the face.
In terms of the MOI of the club-head (i.e., a resistance to twisting) it is typically measured about each of the three main axes of a club-head with the CG as the origin of the coordinate system. These three axes include a CG z-axis extending through the CG in a generally vertical direction relative to the ground when the golf club head is at normal address position; a CG x-axis extending through the CG origin in a toe-to-heel direction generally parallel to the striking surface (e.g., generally tangential to the striking surface at the club face center), and generally perpendicular to the CG z-axis; and a CG y-axis extending through the CG origin in a front-to-back direction and generally perpendicular to the CG x-axis and to the CG z-axis. The CG x-axis and the CG y-axis both extend in generally horizontal directions relative to the ground when the golf club head is at normal address position. The CG x-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin to the heel of the golf club head. The CG y-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin towards the rear portion of the golf club head. The CG z-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin towards the crown. Thus, the axes of the CG origin coordinate system are parallel to corresponding axes of the head origin coordinate system. In particular, the CG z-axis is parallel to z-axis, the CG x-axis is parallel to x-axis, and CG y-axis is parallel to y-axis.
Specifically, a golf club head as a moment of inertia about the vertical axis (“Izz”), a moment of inertia about the heel/toe axis (“Ixx”), and a moment of inertia about the front/back axis (“Iyy”). Typically, however, the MOI about the z-axis (Izz) and the x-axis (Ixx) is most relevant to golf club head forgiveness.
A moment of inertia about the golf club head CG x-axis (Ixx) is calculated by the following equation:
Ixx=∫(y2+z2)dm
where y is the distance from a golf club head CG xz-plane to an infinitesimal mass dm and z is the distance from a golf club head CG xy-plane to the infinitesimal mass dm. The golf club head CG xz-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CG x-axis and the golf club head CG z-axis. The CG xy-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CG x-axis and the golf club head CG y-axis.
Similarly, a moment of inertia about the golf club head CG z-axis (Izz) is calculated by the following equation:
Izz=∫(x2+y2)dm
where x is the distance from a golf club head CG yz-plane to an infinitesimal mass dm and y is the distance from the golf club head CG xz-plane to the infinitesimal mass dm. The golf club head CG yz-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CG y-axis and the golf club head CG z-axis.
A further description of the coordinate systems for determining CG positions and MOI can be found US Patent Publication No. 2012/0172146 A1, published on Jul. 5, 2012, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.
As used herein, “Zup” means the CG z-axis location determined according to the above ground coordinate system. Zup generally refers to the height of the CG above the ground plane 17.
As described herein, desired golf club head mass moments of inertia, golf club head center-of-gravity locations, and other mass properties of a golf club head can be attained by distributing golf club head mass to particular locations. Discretionary mass generally refers to the mass of material that can be removed from various structures providing mass that can be distributed elsewhere for tuning one or more mass moments of inertia and/or locating the golf club head center-of-gravity.
Golf club head walls provide one source of discretionary mass. In other words, a reduction in wall thickness reduces the wall mass and provides mass that can be distributed elsewhere. Thin walls, particularly a thin crown 28, provide significant discretionary mass compared to conventional golf club heads. For example, a golf club head made from an alloy of steel can achieve about 4 grams of discretionary mass for each 0.1 mm reduction in average crown thickness. Similarly, a golf club head made from an alloy of titanium can achieve about 2.5 grams of discretionary mass for each 0.1 mm reduction in average crown thickness. Discretionary mass achieved using a thin crown, e.g., less than about 0.65 mm, can be used to tune one or more mass moments of inertia and/or center-of-gravity location.
To achieve a thin wall on the golf club head body 10, such as a thin crown 28, a golf club head body 10 can be formed from an alloy of steel or an alloy of titanium. For further details concerning titanium casting, please refer to U.S. Pat. No. 7,513,296, incorporated herein by reference.
Various approaches can be used for positioning discretionary mass within a golf club head. For example, golf club heads may have one or more integral mass pads cast into the head at predetermined locations that can be used to lower, to move forward, to move rearward, or otherwise to adjust the location of the golf club head's center-of-gravity, as further described herein. Also, epoxy can be added to the interior of the golf club head, such as through a hosel bore 15 (illustrated in
For example,
Opposite the heel mass section 64 and adjacent the toe side 24 of the golf club head 10 is a second, toe mass section 84, which comprises a first toe mass portion 86 nearest the toe side 24, having a third forward to rearward dimension. In the illustrated embodiment this third forward to rearward dimension is shown as similar to the first forward to rearward dimension of the first heel mass portion 66, but these first and third forward to rearward dimensions may in some cases be different. The toe mass section 84 further comprises a second toe mass portion 88 that is further from the toe side 24 than the first toe mass portion 86, and has a fourth forward to rearward dimension. In the illustrated embodiment, this fourth forward to rearward dimension is smaller than the third forward to rearward dimension, though these relative dimensions could be reversed. In the illustrated embodiment this fourth forward to rearward dimension is shown as similar to the second forward to rearward dimension of the second heel mass portion 68, but these first and third forward to rearward dimensions may in some cases be different. Further, toe mass section 84 has a vertical height that may be higher in the first toe mass portion 86 near the toe side 24 and may slope downward toward the second toe mass portion 88. Additionally, the toe mass section 84 may have one or more edges that slope downward from a first vertical height to an edge portion that makes contact with the sole 30.
Positioned in between the heel mass section 64 and toe mass section 84 is a third, middle mass section 94, which in the illustrated embodiment has a fifth forward to rearward dimension that is smaller than any of the four forward to rearward dimensions described for the heel mass section 64 and toe mass section 84. However, in other embodiments, the middle mass section 94 could have a similar dimension to, e.g., the second toe mass portion 88 and the second heel mass portion 68. Also shown in the illustrated embodiment, the smaller forward to rearward dimension of the middle mass section 94 provides a void 96 between the heel mass section 64 and the toe mass section 84. Additionally, the middle mass section 94 in the illustrated embodiment has a smaller mass than the heel mass section 64 and toe mass section 84, providing increased perimeter weighting, which can increase the mass moment of inertia of the golf club head, particularly the moments of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, and the CG x-axis, Ixx. For example, splitting the forward mass pad 42 into areas of larger mass offset from a center of gravity of the club, as with heel mass section 64 and toe mass section 84, may increase the moment of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, and the CG x-axis, Ixx by about 10 percent, or in some instances eight percent, or in some instances six percent, or in some instances five percent, versus designs which do not implement such a split mass approach. And, generally moving mass rearward and to the perimeter of the golf club head generally may favorably increases the moment of inertia of the golf club head. The mass for the heel mass section 64 and toe mass section 84 may be similar, or alternatively, may be weighted differently, depends on the needs of the club designer. Similarly, each of the first heel mass portion 66 and the first toe mass portion 86 has a greater mass than their corresponding second heel mass portion 68 and second toe mass portion 88, again moving additional discretionary mass to the perimeter of the club, further increasing the mass moment of inertia of the golf club head, particularly the moments of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, and the CG x-axis, Ixx.
As shown in
As best illustrated in
A wood-type golf club head, such as golf club head 10 and the other wood-type club heads disclosed herein have a volume, typically measured in cubic-centimeters (cm3) equal to the volumetric displacement of the club head, assuming any apertures are sealed by a substantially planar surface. (See United States Golf Association “Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs,” Revision 1.0, Nov. 21, 2003). In other words, for a golf club head with one or more weight ports within the head, it is assumed that the weight ports are either not present or are “covered” by regular, imaginary surfaces, such that the club head volume is not affected by the presence or absence of ports.
In some embodiments, as in the case of a fairway wood (as illustrated), the golf club head may have a volume between about 100 cm3 and about 300 cm3, such as between about 150 cm3 and about 250 cm3, or between about 125 cm3 and about 240 cm3, and a total mass between about 125 g and about 260 g. In the case of a utility or hybrid club (analogous to the illustrated embodiments), the golf club head may have a volume between about 60 cm3 and about 150 cm3, and a total mass between about 125 g and about 280 g. In the case of a driver (analogous to the illustrated embodiments), any of the disclosed golf club heads can have a volume between about 300 cm3 and about 600 cm3, between about 350 cm3 and about 600 cm3, and/or between about 350 cm3 and about 500 cm3, and can have a total mass between about 145 g and about 260 g, such as between about 195 g and about 205 g.
As illustrated in
Additionally, the thickness of the hosel may be varied to provide for additional discretionary mass, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/981,330, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In some of the embodiments described herein, a comparatively forgiving golf club head for a fairway wood can combine an overall golf club head height (Hch) of less than about 46 mm and an above ground center-of-gravity location, Zup, less than about 18 mm. Some examples of the golf club head provide an above ground center-of-gravity location, Zup, less than about 17 mm, less than about 16 mm, less than about 15.5 mm, less than about 15.5 mm, less than about 15.0 mm, less than about 14.5 mm, less than about 14.0 mm, or less than about 13.5 mm.
In addition, a thin crown 28 as described above provides sufficient discretionary mass to allow the golf club head to have a volume less than about 240 cm3 and/or a front to back depth (Dch) greater than about 85 mm. Without a thin crown 28, a similarly sized golf club head would either be overweight or would have an undesirably located center-of-gravity because less discretionary mass would be available to tune the CG location.
In addition, in some embodiments of a comparatively forgiving golf club head, discretionary mass can be distributed to provide a mass moment of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, greater than about 170 kg-mm2. In some instances, the mass moment of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, can be greater than about 300 kg-mm2, such as greater than about 320 kg-mm2, greater than about 340 kg-mm2, greater than about 360 kg-mm2, or greater than about 375 kg-mm2. Distribution of the discretionary mass can also provide a mass moment of inertia about the CG x-axis, Ixx, greater than about 70 kg-mm2. In some instances, the mass moment of inertia about the CG x-axis, Ixx, can be greater than about 100 kg-mm2, such as greater than about 150 kg-mm2, greater than about 200 kg-mm2, or greater than about 220 kg-mm2.
Alternatively, some examples of a forgiving golf club head combine an above ground center-of-gravity location, Zup, less than about 18 mm, and a high moment of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz.
Distribution of the discretionary mass can also provide a center of gravity for the golf club head 10 located horizontally rearward of a center of the face 20 of less than about 40 mm, such as less than about 10 to 40 mm, less than about 20 to 40 mm, less than about 20 to 30 mm, less than about 15 to 30 mm, or less than about 18 to 25 mm.
The crown insert 32, disclosed in various embodiments herein, can help overcome manufacturing challenges associated with conventional golf club heads having normal continuous crowns made of titanium or other metals, and can replace a relatively heavy component of the crown with a lighter material, freeing up discretionary mass which can be strategically allocated elsewhere within the golf club head. In certain embodiments, the crown may comprise a composite material, such as those described herein and in the incorporated disclosures, such as a composite material having a density of less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter. In still further embodiments, the material has a density of less than 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter, or a density between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2 grams per cubic centimeter. Providing a lighter crown further provides the golf club head with additional discretionary mass, which can be used elsewhere within the golf club head to serve the purposes of the designer. For example, with the discretionary mass, additional ribs 82 can be strategically added to the hollow interior of the golf club head and thereby improve the acoustic properties of the head. Discretionary mass in the form of ribs, mass pads or other features also can be strategically located in the interior of the golf club head to shift the effective CG fore or aft, toeward or heelward or both (apart from any further CG adjustments made possible by adjustable weight features) or to improve desirable MOI characteristics, as further described herein.
Methods of making any of the golf club heads disclosed herein, or associated golf clubs, may include one or more of the following steps:
The bodies of the golf club heads disclosed herein, and optionally other components of the club heads as well, serve as frames and may be made from a variety of different types of suitable materials. In some embodiments, for example, the body and/or other head components can be made of a metal material such as a titanium or titanium alloy (including but not limited to 6-4 titanium, 3-2.5, 6-4, SP700, 15-3-3-3, 10-2-3, or other alpha/near alpha, alpha-beta, and beta/near beta titanium alloys), or aluminum and aluminum alloys (including but not limited to 3000 series alloys, 5000 series alloys, 6000 series alloys, such as 6061-T6, and 7000 series alloys, such as 7075). The body may be formed by conventional casting, metal stamping or other known processes. The body also may be made of other metals as well as non-metals. The body can provide a framework or skeleton for the club head to strengthen the club head in areas of high stress caused by the golf ball's impact with the face, such as the transition region where the club head transitions from the face to the crown area, sole area and skirt area located between the sole and crown areas.
In some embodiments, the sole insert and/or crown insert of the club head may be made from a variety of composite materials and/or polymeric materials, such as from a thermoplastic material, preferably from a thermoplastic composite laminate material, and most preferably from a thermoplastic carbon composite laminate material. For example, the composite material may comprise an injection moldable material, thermoformable material, thermoset composite material or other composite material suitable for golf club head applications. One exemplary material is a thermoplastic continuous carbon fiber composite laminate material having long, aligned carbon fibers in a PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) matrix or base. One commercial example of this type of material, which is manufactured in sheet form, is TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 manufactured by Lanxess.
TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 is a high strength, lightweight material having multiple layers of continuous carbon fiber reinforcement in a PPS thermoplastic matrix or polymer to embed the fibers. The material may have a 54% fiber volume but other volumes (such as a volume of 42% to 57%) will suffice. The material weighs about 200 g/m2.
Another similar exemplary material which may be used for the crown insert and/or sole insert is TEPEX® DYNALITE 208. This material also has a carbon fiber volume range of 42% to 57%, including a 45% volume in one example, and a weight of 200 g/m2. DYNALITE 208 differs from DYNALITE 207 in that it has a TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) matrix or base rather than a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix.
By way of example, the TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 sheet(s) (or other selected material such as DYNALITE 208) are oriented in different directions, placed in a two-piece (male/female) matched die, heated past the melt temperature, and formed to shape when the die is closed. This process may be referred to as thermoforming and is especially well-suited for forming sole and crown inserts.
Once the crown insert and/or sole insert are formed (separately) by the thermoforming process just described, each is cooled and removed from the matched die. The sole and crown inserts are shown as having a uniform thickness, which lends itself well to the thermoforming process and ease of manufacture. However, the sole and crown inserts may have a variable thickness to strengthen select local areas of the insert by, for example, adding additional plies in select areas to enhance durability, acoustic or other properties in those areas.
As shown in
In an alternative embodiment, the sole insert and/or crown insert can be made by a process other than thermoforming, such as injection molding or thermosetting. In a thermoset process, the sole insert and/or crown insert may be made from prepreg plies of woven or unidirectional composite fiber fabric (such as carbon fiber) that is preimpregnated with resin and hardener formulations that activate when heated. The prepreg plies are placed in a mold suitable for a thermosetting process, such as a bladder mold or compression mold, and stacked/oriented with the carbon or other fibers oriented in different directions. The plies are heated to activate the chemical reaction and form the sole (or crown) insert. Each insert is cooled and removed from its respective mold.
The carbon fiber reinforcement material for the thermoset sole/crown insert may be a carbon fiber known as “34-700” fiber, available from Grafil, Inc., of Sacramento, Calif., which has a tensile modulus of 234 Gpa (34 Msi) and tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another suitable fiber, also available from Grafil, Inc., is a carbon fiber known as “TR50S” fiber which has a tensile modulus of 240 Gpa (35 Msi) and tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). Exemplary epoxy resins for the prepreg plies used to form the thermoset crown and sole inserts are Newport 301 and 350 and are available from Newport Adhesives & Composites, Inc., of Irvine, Calif.
In one example, the prepreg sheets have a quasi-isotropic fiber reinforcement of 34-700 fiber having an areal weight of about 70 g/m2 and impregnated with an epoxy resin (e.g., Newport 301), resulting in a resin content (R/C) of about 40%. For convenience of reference, the primary composition of a prepreg sheet can be specified in abbreviated form by identifying its fiber areal weight, type of fiber, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700. The abbreviated form can further identify the resin system and resin content, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700/301, R/C 40%.
Once the sole insert and crown insert are formed, they can be joined to the body in a manner that creates a strong integrated construction adapted to withstand normal stress, loading and wear and tear expected of commercial golf clubs. For example, the sole insert and crown insert each may be bonded to the frame using epoxy adhesive, with the crown insert seated in and overlying the crown opening and the sole insert seated in and overlying the sole opening. Alternative attachment methods include bolts, rivets, snap fit, adhesives, other known joining methods or any combination thereof.
Exemplary polymers for the embodiments described herein may include without limitation, synthetic and natural rubbers, thermoset polymers such as thermoset polyurethanes or thermoset polyureas, as well as thermoplastic polymers including thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyureas, metallocene catalyzed polymer, unimodalethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers, unimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid/carboxylate terpolymers, bimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers, bimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid/carboxylate terpolymers, polyamides (PA), polyketones (PK), copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polyolefins, halogenated polyolefins [e.g. chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)], halogenated polyalkylene compounds, polyalkenamer, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, diallylphthalate polymers, polyimides, polyvinyl chlorides, polyamide-ionomers, polyurethane ionomers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyarylates, polyacrylates, polyphenylene ethers, impact-modified polyphenylene ethers, polystyrenes, high impact polystyrenes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitriles (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylonitriles, styrene-maleic anhydride (S/MA) polymers, styrenic block copolymers including styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, (SEBS) and styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrenic terpolymers, functionalized styrenic block copolymers including hydroxylated, functionalized styrenic copolymers, and terpolymers, cellulosic polymers, liquid crystal polymers (LCP), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-propylene copolymers, propylene elastomers (such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,157, to Kim et al, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference), ethylene vinyl acetates, polyureas, and polysiloxanes and any and all combinations thereof.
Of these preferred are polyamides (PA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyketones (PK), copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polyphenylene oxides, diallylphthalate polymers, polyarylates, polyacrylates, polyphenylene ethers, and impact-modified polyphenylene ethers. Especially preferred polymers for use in the golf club heads of the present invention are the family of so called high performance engineering thermoplastics which are known for their toughness and stability at high temperatures. These polymers include the polysulfones, the polyetherimides, and the polyamide-imides. Of these, the most preferred are the polysulfones.
Aromatic polysulfones are a family of polymers produced from the condensation polymerization of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with itself or one or more dihydric phenols. The aromatic polysulfones include the thermoplastics sometimes called polyether sulfones, and the general structure of their repeating unit has a diaryl sulfone structure which may be represented as -arylene-SO2-arylene-. These units may be linked to one another by carbon-to-carbon bonds, carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds, carbon-sulfur-carbon bonds, or via a short alkylene linkage, so as to form a thermally stable thermoplastic polymer. Polymers in this family are completely amorphous, exhibit high glass-transition temperatures, and offer high strength and stiffness properties even at high temperatures, making them useful for demanding engineering applications. The polymers also possess good ductility and toughness and are transparent in their natural state by virtue of their fully amorphous nature. Additional key attributes include resistance to hydrolysis by hot water/steam and excellent resistance to acids and bases. The polysulfones are fully thermoplastic, allowing fabrication by most standard methods such as injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. They also enjoy a broad range of high temperature engineering uses.
Three commercially significant polysulfones are:
a) polysulfone (PSU);
b) Polyethersulfone (PES also referred to as PESU); and
c) Polyphenylene sulfoner (PPSU).
Particularly important and preferred aromatic polysulfones are those comprised of repeating units of the structure —C6H4SO2—C6H4—O— where C6H4 represents an m- or p-phenylene structure. The polymer chain can also comprise repeating units such as —C6H4—, C6H4—O—, —C6H4-(lower-alkylene)-C6H4—O—, —C6H4—O—C6H4—O—, —C6H4—S—C6H4—O—, and other thermally stable substantially-aromatic difunctional groups known in the art of engineering thermoplastics. Also included are the so called modified polysulfones where the individual aromatic rings are further substituted in one or substituents including
wherein R is independently at each occurrence, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof. The halogen atom includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. The hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a
Individual preferred polymers, include,
having the abbreviation PSF and sold under the tradenames Udel®, Ultrason® S, Eviva®, RTP PSU,
having the abbreviation PPSF and sold under the tradenames RADEL® resin; and
having the abbreviation PPSF and sometimes called a “polyether sulfone” and sold under the tradenames Ultrason® E, LNP™, Veradel®PESU, Sumikaexce, and VICTREX® resin, “.and any and all combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, a composite material, such as a carbon composite, made of a composite including multiple plies or layers of a fibrous material (e.g., graphite, or carbon fiber including turbostratic or graphitic carbon fiber or a hybrid structure with both graphitic and turbostratic parts present. Examples of some of these composite materials for use in the metalwood golf clubs and their fabrication procedures are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,267,620; 7,140,974; and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/642,310, 11/825,138, 11/998,436, 11/895,195, 11/823,638, 12/004,386, 12,004,387, 11/960,609, 11/960,610, and 12/156,947, which are all incorporated herein by reference. The composite material may be manufactured according to the methods described at least in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/825,138, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
Alternatively, short or long fiber-reinforced formulations of the previously referenced polymers. Exemplary formulations include a Nylon 6/6 polyamide formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 285. The material has a Tensile Strength of 35000 psi (241 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 638; a Tensile Elongation of 2.0-3.0% as measured by ASTM D 638; a Tensile Modulus of 3.30×106 psi (22754 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 638; a Flexural Strength of 50000 psi (345 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 790; and a Flexural Modulus of 2.60×106 psi (17927 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 790.
Also included is a polyphthalamide (PPA) formulation which is 40% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 4087 UP. This material has a Tensile Strength of 360 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.4% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 41500 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 580 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 34500 MPa as measured by ISO 178.
Also included is a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 1385 UP. This material has a Tensile Strength of 255 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.3% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 28500 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 385 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 23,000 MPa as measured by ISO 178.
An example is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 20% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 983. This material has a Tensile Strength of 124 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 2% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 11032 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 186 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 9653 MPa as measured by ISO 178.
Another example is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 985. This material has a Tensile Strength of 138 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.2% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 20685 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 193 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 12411 MPa as measured by ISO 178.
Also an option is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 40% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 987. This material has a Tensile Strength of 155 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 24132 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 241 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 19306 MPa as measured by ISO 178.
The foregoing materials are well-suited for composite, polymer and insert components of the embodiments disclosed herein, as distinguished from components which preferably are made of metal or metal alloys.
Additional details regarding providing composite soles and/or crowns and crown layups are provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/789,838, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
As described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,378, filed Jun. 11, 2001, entitled “METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND GOLF CLUB HEAD” and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, the crown or outer shell of the golf club head 10 may be made of a composite material, such as, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or a polymer. Additionally, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/316,453 and 10/634,023, also incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, describe golf club heads with lightweight crowns. Furthermore, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/974,437 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,591), also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes golf club heads with lightweight crowns and soles.
In some embodiments, composite materials used to construct the crown and/or should exhibit high strength and rigidity over a broad temperature range as well as good wear and abrasion behavior and be resistant to stress cracking. Such properties include (1) a Tensile Strength at room temperature of from about 7 ksi to about 330 ksi, preferably of from about 8 ksi to about 305 ksi, more preferably of from about 200 ksi to about 300 ksi, even more preferably of from about 250 ksi to about 300 ksi (as measured by ASTM D 638 and/or ASTM D 3039); (2) a Tensile Modulus at room temperature of from about 0.4 Msi to about 23 Msi, preferably of from about 0.46 Msi to about 21 Msi, more preferably of from about 0.46 Msi to about 19 Msi (as measured by ASTM D 638 and/or ASTM D 3039); (3) a Flexural Strength at room temperature of from about 13 ksi to about 300 ksi, from about 14 ksi to about 290 ksi, more preferably of from about 50 ksi to about 285 ksi, even more preferably of from about 100 ksi to about 280 ksi (as measured by ASTM D 790); and (4) a Flexural Modulus at room temperature of from about 0.4 Msi to about 21 Msi, from about 0.5 Msi to about 20 Msi, more preferably of from about 10 Msi to about 19 Msi (as measured by ASTM D 790).
In certain embodiments, composite materials that are useful for making club-head components comprise a fiber portion and a resin portion. In general the resin portion serves as a “matrix” in which the fibers are embedded in a defined manner. In a composite for club-heads, the fiber portion is configured as multiple fibrous layers or plies that are impregnated with the resin component. The fibers in each layer have a respective orientation, which is typically different from one layer to the next and precisely controlled. The usual number of layers for a striking face is substantial, e.g., forty or more. However for a sole or crown, the number of layers can be substantially decreased to, e.g., three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, examples of which will be provided below. During fabrication of the composite material, the layers (each comprising respectively oriented fibers impregnated in uncured or partially cured resin; each such layer being called a “prepreg” layer) are placed superposedly in a “lay-up” manner. After forming the prepreg lay-up, the resin is cured to a rigid condition. If interested a specific strength may be calculated by dividing the tensile strength by the density of the material. This is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio.
In tests involving certain club-head configurations, composite portions formed of prepreg plies having a relatively low fiber areal weight (FAW) have been found to provide superior attributes in several areas, such as impact resistance, durability, and overall club performance. FAW is the weight of the fiber portion of a given quantity of prepreg, in units of g/m2. Crown and/or sole panels may be formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m2 and 200 g/m2 and a density between about 1 g/cc and 2 g/cc. However, FAW values below 100 g/m2, and more desirably 75 g/m2 or less, can be particularly effective. A particularly suitable fibrous material for use in making prepreg plies is carbon fiber, as noted. More than one fibrous material can be used. In other embodiments, however, prepreg plies having FAW values below 70 g/m2 and above 100 g/m2 may be used. Generally, cost is the primary prohibitive factor in prepreg plies having FAW values below 70 g/m2.
In particular embodiments, multiple low-FAW prepreg plies can be stacked and still have a relatively uniform distribution of fiber across the thickness of the stacked plies. In contrast, at comparable resin-content (R/C, in units of percent) levels, stacked plies of prepreg materials having a higher FAW tend to have more significant resin-rich regions, particularly at the interfaces of adjacent plies, than stacked plies of low-FAW materials. Resin-rich regions tend to reduce the efficacy of the fiber reinforcement, particularly since the force resulting from golf-ball impact is generally transverse to the orientation of the fibers of the fiber reinforcement. The prepreg plies used to form the panels desirably comprise carbon fibers impregnated with a suitable resin, such as epoxy. An example carbon fiber is “34-700” carbon fiber (available from Grafil, Sacramento, Calif.), having a tensile modulus of 234 Gpa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another Grafil fiber that can be used is “TR50S” carbon fiber, which has a tensile modulus of 240 Gpa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 ksi). Suitable epoxy resins are types “301” and “350” (available from Newport Adhesives and Composites, Irvine, Calif.). An exemplary resin content (R/C) is between 33% and 40%, preferably between 35% and 40%, more preferably between 36% and 38%.
Some of the embodiments of the golf club head 10 discussed throughout this application may include a separate crown, sole, and/or face that may be a composite, such as, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or a polymer crown, sole, and/or face. Alternatively, the crown, sole, and/or face may be made from a less dense material, such as, for example, Titanium or Aluminum. A portion of the crown may be cast from either steel (˜7.8-8.05 g/cm3) or titanium (˜4.43 g/cm3) while a majority of the crown may be made from a less dense material, such as for example, a material having a density of about 1.5 g/cm3 or some other material having a density less than about 4.43 g/cm3. In other words, the crown could be some other metal or a composite. Additionally or alternatively, the face may be welded in place rather than cast as part of the sole.
By making the crown, sole, and/or face out of a less dense material, it may allow for weight to be redistributed from the crown, sole, and/or face to other areas of the club head, such as, for example, low and forward and/or low and back. Both low and forward and low and back may be possible for club heads incorporating a front to back sliding weight track.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,119 discloses composite articles and methods for making composite articles, which disclosure is incorporated by reference herein in the entirety. U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2015/0038262 and 2016/0001146 disclose various composite crown constructions that may be used for golf club heads, which disclosures are also incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. The techniques and layups described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,119, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2015/0038262 and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2016/0001146, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, may be employed for constructing a composite crown panel, composite sole panel, composite toe panel located on the sole, and/or composite heel panel located on the sole.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,119 discloses the usual number of layers for a striking plate is substantial, e.g., fifty or more. However, improvements have been made in the art such that the layers may be decreased to between 30 and 50 layers. Additionally, for a panel located on the sole and/or crown the layers can be substantially decreased down to three, four, five, six, seven, or more layers.
Table 1 below provides examples of possible layups. These layups show possible crown and/or sole construction using unidirectional plies unless noted as woven plies. The construction shown is for a quasi-isotropic layup. A single layer ply has a thickness ranging from about 0.065 mm to about 0.080 mm for a standard FAW of 70 g/m2 with about 36% to about 40% resin content, however the crown and/or sole panels may be formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m2 and 200 g/m2. The thickness of each individual ply may be altered by adjusting either the FAW or the resin content, and therefore the thickness of the entire layup may be altered by adjusting these parameters.
The Area Weight (AW) is calculated by multiplying the density times the thickness. For the plies shown above made from composite material the density is about 1.5 g/cm3 and for titanium the density is about 4.5 g/cm3. Depending on the material used and the number of plies the composite crown and/or sole thickness ranges from about 0.195 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably from about 0.25 mm to about 0.75 mm, more preferably from about 0.3 mm to about 0.65 mm, even more preferably from about 0.36 mm to about 0.56 mm. It should be understood that although these ranges are given for both the crown and sole together it does not necessarily mean the crown and sole will have the same thickness or be made from the same materials. In certain embodiments, the sole may be made from either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. Similarly the main body of the golf club head 10 may be made from either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. The titanium will typically range from 0.4 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably from 0.4 mm to about 0.8 mm, more preferably from 0.4 mm to about 0.7 mm, even more preferably from 0.45 mm to about 0.6 mm. In some instances, the crown and/or sole may have non-uniform thickness, such as, for example varying the thickness between about 0.45 mm and about 0.55 mm.
A lot of discretionary mass may be freed up by using composite material in the crown and/or sole especially when combined with thin walled titanium construction (0.4 mm to 0.9 mm) in other parts of the golf club head 10. The thin walled titanium construction increases the manufacturing difficulty and ultimately fewer parts are cast at a time. In the past, 100+ golf club heads could be cast at a single time, however due to the thinner wall construction fewer golf club heads are cast per cluster to achieve the desired combination of high yield and low material usage.
An important strategy for obtaining more discretionary mass is to reduce the wall thickness of the golf club head 10. For a typical titanium-alloy “metal-wood” club-head having a volume of 460 cm3 (i.e., a driver) and a crown area of 100 cm2, the thickness of the crown is typically about 0.8 mm, and the mass of the crown is about 36 g. Thus, reducing the wall thickness by 0.2 mm (e.g., from 1 mm to 0.8 mm) can yield a discretionary mass “savings” of 9.0 g.
The following examples will help to illustrate the possible discretionary mass “savings” by making a composite crown rather than a titanium-alloy crown. For example, reducing the material thickness to about 0.73 mm yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 25.0 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. For example, reducing the material thickness to about 0.73 mm yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 25 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown or 34 g over a 1.0 mm titanium-alloy crown. Additionally, a 0.6 mm composite crown yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 27 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. Moreover, a 0.4 mm composite crown yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 30 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. The crown can be made even thinner yet to achieve even greater weight savings, for example, about 0.32 mm thick, about 0.26 mm thick, about 0.195 mm thick. However, the crown thickness must be balanced with the overall durability of the crown during normal use and misuse. For example, an unprotected crown i.e. one without a head cover could potentially be damaged from colliding with other woods or irons in a golf bag.
For example, any of the embodiments disclosed herein may have a crown or sole insert formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m2 and 200 g/m2, preferably between 50 g/m2 and 100 g/m2, the weight of the composite crown being at least 20% less than the weight of a similar sized piece formed of the metal of the body. The composite crown may be formed of at least four plies of uni-tape standard modulus graphite, the plies of uni-tape oriented at any combination of 0° (forward to rearward of the club head), +45°, −45° and 90° (heelward to toeward of the golf club head). Additionally or alternatively, the crown may include an outermost layer of a woven graphite cloth. Carbon crown panels or inserts or carbon sole panels as disclosed herein and in the incorporated applications may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein, and may have a thickness between 0.40 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.40 mm to 0.80 mm, more preferably 0.40 mm to 0.65 mm, and a density between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2 gram per cubic centimeter, though other thicknesses and densities are also possible.
One potential embodiment of a carbon sole panel that may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein weighs between 1.0 grams and 5.0 grams, such as between 1.25 grams and 2.75 grams, such as between 3.0 grams and 4.5 grams. In other embodiments, the carbon sole panel may weigh less than 3.0 grams, such as less than 2.5 grams, such as less than 2.0 grams, such as less than 1.75 grams. The carbon sole panel may have a surface area of at least 1250 mm2, 1500 mm2, 1750 mm2, or 2000 mm2.
One potential embodiment of a carbon crown panel that may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein weighs between 3.0 grams and 8.0 grams, such as between 3.5 grams and 7.0 grams, such as between 3.5 grams and 7.0 grams. In other embodiments, the carbon crown panel may weigh less than 7.0 grams, such as less than 6.5 grams, such as less than 6.0 grams, such as less than 5.5 grams, such as less than 5.0 grams, such as less than 4.5 grams. The carbon crown panel may have a surface area of at least 3000 mm2, 3500 mm2, 3750 mm2, 4000 mm2.
As already discussed, and making reference to the embodiment illustrated in
The offset distance is highly dependent on the slot length. As slot length increases so do the stresses in the club head, as a result the offset distance must be increased to manage stress. Additionally, as slot length increases the first mode frequency is negatively impacted.
During development it was discovered that a ratio of COR feature length to the offset distance may be preferably greater than 4, and even more preferably greater than 5, and most preferably greater than 5.5. However, the ratio of COR feature length to offset distance also has an upper limit and is preferably less than 15, and even more preferably less than 14, and most preferably less than 13.5. For example, for a COR feature length of 30 mm the offset distance from the face would preferably be less than 7.5 mm, and even more preferably 6 mm or less from the face. However, the COR feature can be too close to the face in which the case the club head will fail due to high stresses and/or may have an unacceptably low first mode frequency. The tables below provide various non-limiting examples of COR feature length, offset distance from the face, and ratios of COR feature length to the offset distance.
As can be seen from the tables above, for a COR feature length between 30-60 mm the offset distance is preferably 4 mm or greater and 15 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or greater and 10 mm or less, most preferably 5.5 mm or greater and 8.5 mm or less. Additionally or alternatively, for a COR feature length between 30-60 mm a ratio of COR feature length to offset distance from the face may be preferably at least 4 and at most 15, more preferably at least 5 and at most 12.5, most preferably at least 6 and at most 12.
As can be seen from the tables above, for a COR feature length between 60-90 mm the offset distance is preferably 4 mm or greater and 15 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or greater and 13.5 mm or less, most preferably 5.5 mm or greater and 12.5 mm or less. Additionally or alternatively, for a COR feature length between 60-90 mm a ratio of COR feature length to offset distance from the face may be preferably at least 4 and at most 15, more preferably at least 5 and at most 12.5, most preferably at least 6 and at most 12.
Importantly, as COR feature length increases it is important to increase the offset distance from the face. A COR feature length of 60 mm is in between a small COR feature and a large COR feature, which is why it was included in both of the non-limiting examples of above. The ratio is important to maintain and although not all lengths of COR features are provided in the tables above a preferred offset distance range may be calculated by applying the ratio to a given COR feature length.
The sound and feel of golf club heads are vitally important to their acceptance among golfers and especially top golfers. Sound and feel is largely dictated by the club heads first mode frequency, and preferably the club head has a first mode frequency of at least 2800 Hz, such as at least 3000 Hz, such as at least 3200 Hz, such as at least 3400 Hz, such as at least 3500 Hz.
The inventors discovered during the design stage that the COR feature length greatly effects the first mode frequency. The chart below shows the first mode frequency in Hz as a function of slot or COR feature length in mm. Two different designs are shown in the chart a V5 and V6 K-N. Both designs are representative of the embodiments disclosed herein. As illustrated by the slope of the plots, for the V5 version each millimeter increase of slot length caused the first mode frequency to decreases by about 45 Hz. Similarly, for the V6 version each millimeter increase of slot length caused the first mode frequency to decreases by about 65 Hz. This information helps determine the overall slot length. Of course, the distance from the face to the slot or COR feature also plays a role in the first mode frequency. For this study the slot offset distance from the face was held constant and only slot length was varied.
In another study, the COR feature offset distance from the face was varied and the COR was measured. A COR feature length of 40 mm was used for the study, and the results will vary depending on the COR feature length. A shorter COR feature length will decrease COR while a longer COR feature length will increase COR. In other words, a shorter COR feature length needs to be closer to the face to achieve the same COR benefits as longer COR feature length. As can be seen from the data COR increases as the COR feature approaches the face. For this particular slot length of 40 mm there is almost no COR benefit beyond 12 mm from the face.
The stress levels in a golf club play an important role in determining its durability. The COR feature tends to decrease stress in the face, but can enhance stress in other areas more proximate to the COR feature itself. For low face stress near the COR feature it was discovered that the COR feature offset distance drives low face stress. The inventors conducted a stress study using a COR feature length of about 70 mm. The inventors investigated increasing the sole and wall thickness by 0.3 mm to reduce low face stress by 200 MPa, however this caused the COR to decrease by 0.005 points. Next, the inventors investigated decreasing the COR feature length by 30 mm to about 40 mm to reduce low face stress by 200 MPa, however this caused the COR to decrease by 0.012 points. Finally, the inventors investigated increasing the COR feature offset distance from the face by 1 mm to reduce low face stress by 200 MPa, and this only caused the COR to decrease by 0.001 points. Accordingly, the COR feature offset distance from the face plays the biggest role in stress management and in effecting the overall COR of the club head.
As best illustrated in
The body 102 can include a front ground contact surface 148 forward of the front channel 122 adjacent the bottom of the face plate 114. The body can also have an intermediate ground contact surface, or sit pad, 150 rearward of the front channel 122. The intermediate ground contact surface 150 can have an elevation and curvature congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 148. The body 102 can further comprise a downwardly extending rear sole surface 156 that extends around the perimeter of the rear end 128. In some embodiments, the rear sole surface 156 can act as a ground contact or sit pad as well, having a curvature and elevation congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 148 and the intermediate ground contact surface 150.
The body 102 can further include a raised sole portion 152 that is recessed up from the intermediate ground contact surface 150 and from the rear sole surface 156. The raised sole portion 152 can span over any portion of the sole 120, and in the illustrated embodiment the raised sole portion 152 spans over most of the rearward portion of the sole. The sole 120 can include one or more sloped transition portions 154, including where the intermediate ground contact surface 150 transitions up to the raised sole portion 152. The sole can also include other similar sloped portions (not shown), such as around the boundary of the raised sole portion 152. In some embodiments, as illustrated, one or more cantilevered ribs or struts 164 can be included on the sole that span from the sloped transition portion 154 to the raised sole portion 152, to provide increased stiffness and rigidity to the sole.
The raised sole portion 152 can optionally include grooves, channels, ridges, or other surface features that increase its rigidity, such as ridges 166 and grooves 168, best illustrated in
The body 102 can also include one or more internal ribs, such as rib 164 in
Opposite the heel mass section 170 and adjacent the toe side 116 of the golf club head 100 is a second, toe mass section 180, which comprises a first toe mass portion 182 nearest the toe side 116, having a third forward to rearward dimension. In the illustrated embodiment this third forward to rearward dimension is shown as similar to the first forward to rearward dimension of the first heel mass portion 172, but these first and third forward to rearward dimensions may in some cases be different. The toe mass section 180 further comprises a second toe mass portion 184 that is further from the toe side 116 than the first toe mass portion 182, and has a fourth forward to rearward dimension. In the illustrated embodiment, this fourth forward to rearward dimension is smaller than the third forward to rearward dimension, though these relative dimensions could be reversed. In the illustrated embodiment, this fourth forward to rearward dimension is shown as similar to the second forward to rearward dimension of the second heel mass portion 174, but these first and third forward to rearward dimensions may in some cases be different. Further, as illustrated in
Positioned in between the heel mass section 170 and toe mass section 180 is a third, middle mass section 176, which in the illustrated embodiment has a fifth forward to rearward dimension that is smaller than any of the four forward to rearward dimensions described for the heel mass section 170 and toe mass section 180. However, in other embodiments, the middle mass section 176 could have a similar dimension to, e.g., the second toe mass portion 184 and the second heel mass portion 174. Also shown in the illustrated embodiment, the smaller forward to rearward dimension of the middle mass section 176 provides space to position a weight port 190 between the heel mass section 170 and the toe mass section 180, each of which may be indented slightly to provide room for the weight port 190. Additionally, the middle mass section 176 in the illustrated embodiment has a smaller mass than the heel mass section 170 and toe mass section 180, providing increased perimeter weighting, which can increase the mass moment of inertia of the golf club head, particularly the moments of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, and the CG x-axis, Ixx. The mass for the heel mass section 170 and toe mass section 180 may be similar, or alternatively, may be weighted differently, depends on the needs of the club designer. Similarly, each of the first heel mass portion 172 and the first toe mass portion 182 has a greater mass than their corresponding second heel mass portion 174 and second toe mass portion 184, again moving additional discretionary mass to the perimeter of the club, further increasing the mass moment of inertia of the golf club head, particularly the moments of inertia about the CG z-axis, Izz, and the CG x-axis, Ixx.
As shown in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
In addition to, or in place of the mass pads described above, certain embodiments disclosed herein, such as those in
For example, as illustrated in
Inclusion of one or more weights in the weight port(s) provides a customizable golf club head mass distribution, and corresponding mass moments of inertia and center-of-gravity locations. Adjusting the location of the weight port(s) and the mass of the weights and/or weight assemblies provides various possible locations of center-of-gravity and various possible mass moments of inertia using the same golf club head.
As discussed in more detail below, in some embodiments, a playable fairway wood golf club head can have a low, rearward center-of-gravity. Placing one or more weight ports and weights rearward in the sole as shown, for example, in
In another exemplary embodiment, shown, for example, in
The body 202 can include a front ground contact surface 238 forward of the front channel 210 adjacent the bottom of the face plate 214. The body can also have an intermediate ground contact surface, or sit pad, 240 rearward of the front channel 210. The intermediate ground contact surface 240 can have an elevation and curvature congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 238. The body 202 can further comprise a downwardly extending rear sole surface 246 that extends around the perimeter of the rear end 224. In some embodiments, the rear sole surface 246 can act as a ground contact or sit pad as well, having a curvature and elevation congruent with that of the front ground contact surface 238 and the intermediate ground contact surface 240.
The body 102 can further include a raised sole portion 242 that is recessed up from the intermediate ground contact surface 240 and from the rear sole surface 246. The raised sole portion 242 can span over any portion of the sole 208, and in the illustrated embodiment the raised sole portion 242 spans over most of the forward portion of the sole. The sole 208 can include one or more sloped transition portions 244, including where the intermediate ground contact surface 240 transitions up to the raised sole portion 242, or as illustrated, where the rear sole surface 246 transitions up to the raised sole portion 242. The sole can also include other similar sloped portions (not shown), such as around the boundary of the raised sole portion 242.
In certain embodiments, a center of gravity of at least some of the weights is preferably located rearward of a midline of the golf club head along the y-axis, such as, for example, within about 40 mm of the rear end 224 of the golf club head, or within about 30 mm of the rear end 224 of the golf club head, or within about 20 mm of the rear end 224 of the golf club head.
In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in
As described with reference to rear center weight port 204e, and as illustrated in
Golf club head 200 can have a center-of-gravity that is located to provide a preferable center-of-gravity projection on the face plate 214 of the golf club head. In those embodiments, as illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, raised sole portion 242 may contain a recess mass body (not separately numbered) that is sized to fit within and substantially fill the footprint of the recess the raised sole portion 242 forms in the sole 208. The recess mass body may have a mass that is between 30 to 80 grams, or in some particular embodiments, a mass that is between 40 and 60 grams. In other embodiments, the recess mass body may have a smaller mass, between 20 and 40 grams. In certain embodiments, this recess mass body may be retained by, e.g., removable weights 206, which may be screws or bolts or other suitable fasteners that are inserted through the mass and into the sole 208 to at least partially retain the recess mass body within the raised sole portion 242. In still other embodiments, the recess mass body may be smaller, and may be sized and shaped so as to allow it to be slidably retained within the raised sole portion 242. For example, the recess mass body may have an internal slot that runs approximately parallel to the sloped transition portion 244 to slidably retain a single one of the removable weights 206. When tightened, the removable weight 206 retains the recess mass body in place. When removable weight 206 is loosened, the recess mass body may slide laterally in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example CGx, such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. Additionally, projections (such as parallel ribbed projections) may be provided on the surface of raised sole portion 242 to interact with corresponding projections on a mating surface of the recess mass body to better hold it the desired position when removable weight 206 is tightened.
As discussed above, the configuration of the front channel 210 and its position near the face plate 214 allows the face plate to undergo more deformation while striking a ball than a comparable golf club head without the front channel 210, thereby increasing both COR and the speed of golf balls struck by the golf club head. As a result, the ball speed after impact is greater for the golf club head having the channel 210 than for a conventional golf club head, which results in a higher COR. The weight ports 204a, 204b, and 204c are separated from the front channel 210 by a distance of approximately 1 mm to about 5 mm, such as about 1.5 mm to about 3 mm. In some embodiments, a center of gravity of one or more removable weights 206 placed in the sole 208 of the golf club head is located within about 30 mm of the nearest portion of a forward edge of the sole, such as within about 20 mm of the nearest portion of the forward edge of the sole, or within about 15 mm of the nearest portion of the forward edge of the sole, or within about 10 mm of the nearest portion of the forward edge of the sole. Although other methods (e.g., using internal weights attached using epoxy or hot-melt glue) of adjusting the center-of-gravity can be used, use of a weight port and/or integrally molding a discretionary weight into the body 202 of the golf club head reduces undesirable effects on the audible tone emitted during impact with a golf ball.
The body 202 can also include one or more internal ribs, such as ribs 270a, 270b, and 270c in
As shown in
The golf club head's hosel 218 further provides a shaft connection assembly that allows the shaft to be easily disconnected from the golf club head, and that provides the ability for the user to selectively adjust a and/or lie-angle of the golf club. The hosel 218 defines a hosel bore 220, which in turn is adapted to receive a hosel insert 280. The hosel bore 220 is also adapted to receive a shaft sleeve 282 mounted on the lower end portion of a shaft, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,431. A recessed port 284 is provided on the sole 208, and extends from the sole 208 into the interior cavity 212 of the body 202 toward the hosel 218, and in particular the hosel bore 220. The hosel bore 220 extends from the hosel 218 through the golf club head and opens within the recessed port 284 at the sole 208 of the golf club head 200.
The golf club head is removably attached to the shaft by shaft sleeve 282 (which is mounted to the lower end portion of a golf club shaft 300) by inserting the shaft sleeve 282 into the hosel bore 220 and a hosel insert 280 (which is mounted inside the hosel bore 220), and inserting a screw 290 (or other suitable fixation device) upwardly through the recessed port 284 and through an opening in the sole and, in the illustrated embodiment, tightening the screw 290 into a threaded opening of the shaft sleeve 282, thereby securing the golf club head to the shaft sleeve 282. A screw capturing device, such as in the form of an o-ring or washer 292, can be placed on the shaft of the screw 290 to retain the screw in place within the golf club head when the screw is loosened to permit removal of the shaft from the golf club head.
The recessed port 284 extends from the bottom portion of the golf club head into the interior of the outer shell toward the top portion of the golf club head 200 at the location of hosel 218, as seen in
The shaft sleeve 282 has a lower portion 286 including splines that mate with mating splines of the hosel insert 282, an intermediate portion 288 and an upper head portion 294. The intermediate portion 288 and the head portion 294 define an internal bore 296 for receiving the tip end portion of the shaft 300. In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate portion 288 of the shaft sleeve has a cylindrical external surface that is concentric with the inner cylindrical surface of the hosel bore 220. As described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0197424, which is hereby incorporated by reference, inserting the shaft sleeve 282 at different angular positions relative to the hosel insert 280 is effective to adjust the shaft loft and/or the lie angle. For example, the loft angle may be increased or decreased by various degrees, depending on the angular position, such as +/−1.5 degrees, +/−2.0 degrees, or +/−2.5 degrees. Other loft angle adjustments are also possible.
In the embodiment shown, because the intermediate portion 288 is concentric with the hosel bore 220, the outer surface of the intermediate portion 288 can contact the adjacent surface of the hosel bore 220, as depicted in
In certain embodiments, the golf club head may be attached to the shaft via a removable head-shaft connection assembly as described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,431, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Further in certain embodiments, the golf club head may also incorporate features that provide the golf club heads and/or golf clubs with the ability not only to replaceably connect the shaft to the head but also to adjust the loft and/or the lie angle of the club by employing a removable head-shaft connection assembly. Such an adjustable lie/loft connection assembly is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,025,587, 8,235,831, 8,337,319, as well as U.S. Publication No. 2011/0312437A1, U.S. Publication No. 2012/0258818A1, U.S. Publication No. 2012/0122601A1, U.S. Publication No. 2012/0071264A1 as well as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/686,677, filed on Nov. 27, 2012, the entire contents of which patent, publications and application are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.
In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosed technology may be applied, it should be recognized that the illustrated embodiments are only preferred examples and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosed technology. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is intended to be at least as broad as the scope of the following claims. We therefore claim as our invention all that comes within the scope and spirit of these claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/865,191, filed May 1, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/859,071, filed Dec. 29, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,639,524, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/617,919, filed Jun. 8, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,478,679, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/871,789, filed Sep. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,700,763, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/701,476, filed Apr. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,211,447, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/495,795, filed Sep. 24, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,186,560, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/828,675, filed Mar. 14, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,888,607, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/469,031, filed May 10, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,220,953, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/338,197, filed Dec. 27, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,900,069, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/427,772, filed Dec. 28, 2010. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/859,071 further claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/440,886, filed Dec. 30, 2016. The prior applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
411000 | Anderson | Sep 1889 | A |
1133129 | Govan | Mar 1915 | A |
1135621 | Roberts et al. | Apr 1915 | A |
1320163 | Fitz | Oct 1919 | A |
1518316 | Ellingham | Dec 1924 | A |
1526438 | Scott | Feb 1925 | A |
1538312 | Beat | May 1925 | A |
1555425 | McKenzie | Sep 1925 | A |
1592463 | Marker | Jul 1926 | A |
1658581 | Tobia | Feb 1928 | A |
1697846 | Anderson | Jan 1929 | A |
1704119 | Buhrke | Mar 1929 | A |
1705997 | Quynn | Mar 1929 | A |
1854548 | Hunt | Apr 1932 | A |
1970409 | Wiedemann | Aug 1934 | A |
D107007 | Cashmore | Nov 1937 | S |
2214356 | Wettlaufer | Sep 1940 | A |
2225930 | Sexton | Dec 1940 | A |
2257575 | Reach | Sep 1941 | A |
2328583 | Reach | Sep 1943 | A |
2360364 | Reach | Oct 1944 | A |
2375249 | Richer | May 1945 | A |
2460435 | Schaffer | Feb 1949 | A |
2652256 | Thomas | Sep 1953 | A |
2681523 | Sellers | Jun 1954 | A |
2691525 | Callaghan | Oct 1954 | A |
3064980 | Steiner | Nov 1962 | A |
3084940 | Cissel | Apr 1963 | A |
3466047 | Rodia et al. | Sep 1969 | A |
3486755 | Hodge | Dec 1969 | A |
3556533 | Hollis | Jan 1971 | A |
3589731 | Chancellor | Jun 1971 | A |
3606327 | Gorman | Sep 1971 | A |
3610630 | Glover | Oct 1971 | A |
3652094 | Glover | Mar 1972 | A |
3672419 | Fischer | Jun 1972 | A |
3680868 | Jacob | Aug 1972 | A |
3692306 | Glover | Sep 1972 | A |
3743297 | Dennis | Jul 1973 | A |
3810631 | Braly | May 1974 | A |
3860244 | Cosby | Jan 1975 | A |
3897066 | Belmont | Jul 1975 | A |
3976299 | Lawrence et al. | Aug 1976 | A |
3979122 | Belmont | Sep 1976 | A |
3979123 | Belmont | Sep 1976 | A |
3997170 | Goldberg | Dec 1976 | A |
4008896 | Gordos | Feb 1977 | A |
4021047 | Mader | May 1977 | A |
4043563 | Churchward | Aug 1977 | A |
4052075 | Daly | Oct 1977 | A |
4076254 | Nygren | Feb 1978 | A |
4085934 | Churchward | Apr 1978 | A |
4121832 | Ebbing | Oct 1978 | A |
4150702 | Holmes | Apr 1979 | A |
4189976 | Becker | Feb 1980 | A |
4214754 | Zebelean | Jul 1980 | A |
4262562 | MacNeill | Apr 1981 | A |
D259698 | MacNeill | Jun 1981 | S |
4322083 | Imai | Mar 1982 | A |
4340229 | Stuff, Jr. | Jul 1982 | A |
4398965 | Campau | Aug 1983 | A |
4411430 | Dian | Oct 1983 | A |
4423874 | Stuff, Jr. | Jan 1984 | A |
4438931 | Motomiya | Mar 1984 | A |
4471961 | Masghati et al. | Sep 1984 | A |
4489945 | Kobayashi | Dec 1984 | A |
4530505 | Stuff | Jul 1985 | A |
4553755 | Yamada | Nov 1985 | A |
D284346 | Masters | Jun 1986 | S |
4602787 | Sugioka et al. | Jul 1986 | A |
4607846 | Perkins | Aug 1986 | A |
4712798 | Preato | Dec 1987 | A |
4730830 | Tilley | Mar 1988 | A |
4736093 | Braly | Apr 1988 | A |
4754974 | Kobayashi | Jul 1988 | A |
4754977 | Sahm | Jul 1988 | A |
4762322 | Molitor et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4795159 | Nagamoto | Jan 1989 | A |
4803023 | Enomoto et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
4809983 | Langert | Mar 1989 | A |
4867457 | Lowe | Sep 1989 | A |
4867458 | Sumikawa et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4869507 | Sahm | Sep 1989 | A |
4890840 | Kobayashi | Jan 1990 | A |
4895371 | Bushner | Jan 1990 | A |
4915558 | Muller | Apr 1990 | A |
4962932 | Anderson | Oct 1990 | A |
4994515 | Washiyama et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5006023 | Kaplan | Apr 1991 | A |
5020950 | Ladouceur | Jun 1991 | A |
5028049 | McKeighen | Jul 1991 | A |
5039267 | Wollar | Aug 1991 | A |
5042806 | Helmstetter | Aug 1991 | A |
5050879 | Sun et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
5058895 | Igarashi | Oct 1991 | A |
5067715 | Schmidt et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
5076585 | Bouquet | Dec 1991 | A |
5078400 | Desbiolles et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
5121922 | Harsh, Sr. | Jun 1992 | A |
5122020 | Bedi | Jun 1992 | A |
5193810 | Antonious | Mar 1993 | A |
5213328 | Long et al. | May 1993 | A |
5219408 | Sun | Jun 1993 | A |
5221086 | Antonious | Jun 1993 | A |
5232224 | Zeider | Aug 1993 | A |
5244210 | Au | Sep 1993 | A |
5251901 | Solheim et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5253869 | Dingle et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5255913 | Tsuchida | Oct 1993 | A |
D343558 | Latraverse et al. | Jan 1994 | S |
5297794 | Lu | Mar 1994 | A |
5301941 | Allen | Apr 1994 | A |
5306008 | Kinoshita | Apr 1994 | A |
5316305 | McCabe | May 1994 | A |
5320005 | Hsiao | Jun 1994 | A |
5328176 | Lo | Jul 1994 | A |
5330187 | Schmidt et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5346216 | Aizawa | Sep 1994 | A |
5346217 | Tsuchiya et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5385348 | Wargo | Jan 1995 | A |
5395113 | Antonious | Mar 1995 | A |
5410798 | Lo | May 1995 | A |
5419556 | Take | May 1995 | A |
5421577 | Kobayashi | Jun 1995 | A |
5429365 | McKeighen | Jul 1995 | A |
5439222 | Kranenberg | Aug 1995 | A |
5441274 | Clay | Aug 1995 | A |
5447309 | Vincent | Sep 1995 | A |
5449260 | Whittle | Sep 1995 | A |
5451056 | Manning | Sep 1995 | A |
5467983 | Chen | Nov 1995 | A |
D365615 | Shimatani | Dec 1995 | S |
5472201 | Aizawa et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5472203 | Schmidt et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5480152 | Schmidt et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
5501459 | Endo | Mar 1996 | A |
5511786 | Antonious | Apr 1996 | A |
5518243 | Redman | May 1996 | A |
5533730 | Ruvang | Jul 1996 | A |
5538245 | Moore | Jul 1996 | A |
5564705 | Kobayashi et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5571053 | Lane | Nov 1996 | A |
5573467 | Chou et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5582553 | Ashcraft et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5603668 | Antonious | Feb 1997 | A |
5613917 | Kobayashi et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5616088 | Aizawa et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5620379 | Borys | Apr 1997 | A |
5624331 | Lo et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5629475 | Chastonay | May 1997 | A |
5632694 | Lee | May 1997 | A |
5658206 | Antonious | Aug 1997 | A |
5669827 | Nagamoto | Sep 1997 | A |
5681228 | Mikame et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
5683309 | Reimers | Nov 1997 | A |
5688189 | Bland | Nov 1997 | A |
5709613 | Sheraw | Jan 1998 | A |
5718641 | Lin | Feb 1998 | A |
5720674 | Galy | Feb 1998 | A |
D392526 | Nicely | Mar 1998 | S |
5735754 | Antonious | Apr 1998 | A |
5746664 | Reynolds, Jr. | May 1998 | A |
5749795 | Schmidt | May 1998 | A |
5755627 | Yamazaki et al. | May 1998 | A |
5762567 | Antonious | Jun 1998 | A |
5766095 | Antonious | Jun 1998 | A |
5769737 | Holladay et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5776010 | Helmstetter et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5776011 | Su et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5788584 | Parente et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5788587 | Tseng | Aug 1998 | A |
5798587 | Lee | Aug 1998 | A |
5803829 | Hayashi | Sep 1998 | A |
RE35955 | Lu | Nov 1998 | E |
5851160 | Rugge et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5873791 | Allen | Feb 1999 | A |
5888148 | Allen | Mar 1999 | A |
D409463 | McMullin | May 1999 | S |
5908356 | Nagamoto | Jun 1999 | A |
5911638 | Parente et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5913735 | Kenmi | Jun 1999 | A |
5916042 | Reimers | Jun 1999 | A |
5924938 | Hines | Jul 1999 | A |
D412547 | Fong | Aug 1999 | S |
5935019 | Yamamoto | Aug 1999 | A |
5935020 | Stites et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5941782 | Cook | Aug 1999 | A |
5947840 | Ryan | Sep 1999 | A |
5967904 | Nagai et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5967905 | Nakahara et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5971867 | Galy | Oct 1999 | A |
5976033 | Takeda | Nov 1999 | A |
5997415 | Wood | Dec 1999 | A |
6015354 | Ahn et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6017177 | Lanham | Jan 2000 | A |
6019686 | Gray | Feb 2000 | A |
6023891 | Robertson et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6032677 | Blechman et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6033318 | Drajan, Jr. et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6033321 | Yamamoto | Mar 2000 | A |
6042486 | Gallagher | Mar 2000 | A |
6056649 | Imai | May 2000 | A |
6062988 | Yamamoto | May 2000 | A |
6074308 | Domas | Jun 2000 | A |
6077171 | Yoneyama | Jun 2000 | A |
6086485 | Hamada | Jul 2000 | A |
6089994 | Sun | Jul 2000 | A |
6102814 | Grace et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6120384 | Drake | Sep 2000 | A |
6123627 | Antonious | Sep 2000 | A |
6139445 | Werner et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6149533 | Finn | Nov 2000 | A |
6162132 | Yoneyama | Dec 2000 | A |
6162133 | Peterson | Dec 2000 | A |
6171204 | Starry | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6186905 | Kosmatka | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6190267 | Marlowe et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6193614 | Sasamoto et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6203448 | Yamamoto | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6206789 | Takeda | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6206790 | Kubica et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6210290 | Erickson et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6217461 | Galy | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6238303 | Fite | May 2001 | B1 |
6244974 | Hanberry, Jr. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6248025 | Murphy et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6254494 | Hasebe et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6264414 | Hartmann et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6270422 | Fisher | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6277032 | Smith | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6290609 | Takeda | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6296579 | Robinson | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6299546 | Wang | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6299547 | Kosmatka | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6306048 | McCabe et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6319149 | Lee | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6319150 | Werner et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6332848 | Long et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6334817 | Ezawa et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6338683 | Kosmatka | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6340337 | Hasebe et al. | Jan 2002 | B2 |
6344000 | Hamada | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6344001 | Hamada et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6344002 | Kajita | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6348012 | Erickson et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6348013 | Kosmatka | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6348014 | Chiu | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6354961 | Allen | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6364788 | Helmstetter et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6379264 | Forzano | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6379265 | Hirakawa et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6383090 | O'Doherty et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6386987 | Lejeune, Jr. | May 2002 | B1 |
6386990 | Reyes et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6390933 | Galloway | May 2002 | B1 |
6409612 | Evans et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6422951 | Burrows | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6425832 | Cackett et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
6434811 | Helmstetter et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6436142 | Paes et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6440009 | Guibaud et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6440010 | Deshmukh | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6443851 | Liberatore | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6447405 | Chen | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6458044 | Vincent et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6461249 | Liberatore | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6471604 | Hocknell et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6475101 | Burrows | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6475102 | Helmstetter et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6478692 | Kosmatka | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6491592 | Cackett et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6508978 | Deshmukh | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6514154 | Finn | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6524197 | Boone | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6524198 | Takeda | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6527649 | Neher et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6530847 | Antonious | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6530848 | Gillig | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6533679 | McCabe et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6547676 | Cackett et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6558273 | Kobayashi et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
6565448 | Cameron et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
6565452 | Helmstetter et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
6569029 | Hamburger | May 2003 | B1 |
6569040 | Bradstock | May 2003 | B2 |
6572489 | Miyamoto et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6575845 | Galloway et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6575854 | Yang et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6582323 | Soracco et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6592468 | Vincent et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6602149 | Jacobson | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6604568 | Bliss | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6605007 | Bissonnette et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6607452 | Helmstetter et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6612938 | Murphy et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6616547 | Vincent et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6623378 | Beach et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6638180 | Tsurumaki | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6638183 | Takeda | Oct 2003 | B2 |
D482089 | Burrows | Nov 2003 | S |
D482090 | Burrows | Nov 2003 | S |
D482420 | Burrows | Nov 2003 | S |
6641487 | Hamburger | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6641490 | Ellemor | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6648772 | Vincent et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6648773 | Evans | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6652387 | Liberatore | Nov 2003 | B2 |
D484208 | Burrows | Dec 2003 | S |
6663506 | Nishimoto et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6669571 | Cameron et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6669578 | Evans | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6669580 | Cackett et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6676536 | Jacobson | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6679786 | McCabe | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6695712 | Iwata et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6716111 | Liberatore | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6716114 | Nishio | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6719510 | Cobzaru | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6719641 | Dabbs et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6739982 | Murphy et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6739983 | Helmstetter et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6743118 | Soracco | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6749523 | Forzano | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6757572 | Forest | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6758763 | Murphy et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6773360 | Willett et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6773361 | Lee | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6776723 | Bliss et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6776726 | Sano | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6800038 | Willett et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6805643 | Lin | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6808460 | Namiki | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6824475 | Burnett et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6835145 | Tsurumaki | Dec 2004 | B2 |
D501036 | Burrows | Jan 2005 | S |
6855068 | Antonious | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6860818 | Mahaffey et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6860823 | Lee | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6860824 | Evans | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6875124 | Gilbert et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6875129 | Erickson et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6881158 | Yang et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6881159 | Galloway et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6887165 | Tsurumaki | May 2005 | B2 |
6890267 | Mahaffey et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6902497 | Deshmukh et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6904663 | Willett et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6923734 | Meyer | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6926619 | Helmstetter et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6929565 | Nakahara et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6960142 | Bissonnette et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6964617 | Williams | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6969326 | De Shiell et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6974393 | Caldwell et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6988960 | Mahaffey et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6991558 | Beach et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
D515165 | Zimmerman et al. | Feb 2006 | S |
6997820 | Willett et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7004852 | Billings | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7025692 | Erickson et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7029403 | Rice et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7063629 | Nakahara et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7077762 | Kouno et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7086964 | Chen et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7108614 | Lo | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7128662 | Kumamoto | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7128664 | Onoda et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7134971 | Franklin et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7137905 | Kohno | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7137906 | Tsunoda et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7140974 | Chao et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7147572 | Kohno | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7147573 | DiMarco | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7153220 | Lo | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7163468 | Gibbs et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7166038 | Williams et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7166040 | Hoffman et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7166041 | Evans | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7169060 | Stevens et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7179034 | Ladouceur | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7186190 | Beach et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
7189169 | Billings | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7198575 | Beach et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7201669 | Stites et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7223180 | Willett et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7252600 | Murphy et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7255654 | Murphy et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7267620 | Chao et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7273423 | Imamoto | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7278926 | Frame | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7278927 | Gibbs et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7294064 | Tsurumaki et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7294065 | Liang et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7326472 | Shimazaki et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7351161 | Beach | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7371191 | Sugimoto | May 2008 | B2 |
7377860 | Breier et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7396293 | Soracco | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7407447 | Beach et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7419441 | Hoffman et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7445563 | Werner | Nov 2008 | B1 |
7448963 | Beach et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7462109 | Erickson et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
D588223 | Kuan | Mar 2009 | S |
7500924 | Yokota | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7500926 | Rae et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7520820 | Dimarco | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7530901 | Imamoto et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7530904 | Beach et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7540811 | Beach et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7563175 | Nishitani et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7568985 | Beach et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7572193 | Yokota | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7578753 | Beach et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7582024 | Shear | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7585233 | Horacek | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7591737 | Gibbs et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7591738 | Beach et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7621823 | Beach et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7628707 | Beach et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7628713 | Tavares | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7632193 | Thielen | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7632194 | Beach et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7632196 | Reed et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7641569 | Best et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
D612440 | Oldknow | Mar 2010 | S |
7670235 | Lo | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7674189 | Beach et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7682264 | Hsu et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7695378 | Nakano | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7699719 | Sugimoto | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7717803 | DiMarco | May 2010 | B2 |
7744484 | Chao | Jun 2010 | B1 |
7749101 | Imamoto et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7753806 | Beach et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7758451 | Liang et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7758452 | Soracco | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7771291 | Willett et al. | Aug 2010 | B1 |
7775907 | Hirano | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7798914 | Noble et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7806782 | Stites et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7824277 | Bennett et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7854364 | DeShiell et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7857711 | Shear | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7857713 | Yokota | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7867105 | Moon | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7887431 | Beach et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7887434 | Beach et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7892111 | Morales et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7896753 | Boyd et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7914393 | Hirsch et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7927229 | Jertson et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7927231 | Sato et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7946931 | Oyama | May 2011 | B2 |
7988565 | Abe | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7993216 | Lee | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8012038 | Beach et al. | Sep 2011 | B1 |
8012039 | Greaney et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8016694 | Llewellyn et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8025587 | Beach et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8043167 | Boyd et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8070623 | Stites et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8083609 | Burnett et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8088021 | Albertsen et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8105175 | Breier et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8118689 | Beach et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8133128 | Boyd et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8147350 | Beach et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8157672 | Greaney et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8167737 | Oyama | May 2012 | B2 |
8177661 | Beach et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8182364 | Cole et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8197358 | Watson et al. | Jun 2012 | B1 |
8202175 | Ban | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8206244 | Honea et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8235831 | Beach et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8235841 | Stites et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8235844 | Albertsen et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8241143 | Albertsen et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8241144 | Albertsen et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8257195 | Erickson | Sep 2012 | B1 |
8257196 | Abbott et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
8262498 | Beach et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8277337 | Shimazaki | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8292756 | Greaney et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8298096 | Stites et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8303431 | Beach et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8328659 | Shear | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8337319 | Sargent et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8353786 | Beach et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
D675692 | Oldknow et al. | Feb 2013 | S |
D678964 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678965 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678968 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678969 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678970 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678971 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678972 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
D678973 | Oldknow et al. | Mar 2013 | S |
8398503 | Beach et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8403771 | Rice et al. | Mar 2013 | B1 |
D679354 | Oldknow et al. | Apr 2013 | S |
8430763 | Beach et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8435134 | Tang et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8435135 | Stites et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8491413 | Billings | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8496541 | Beach et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8496544 | Curtis et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8517855 | Beach et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8517860 | Albertsen et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8529368 | Rice et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8562453 | Sato | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8579728 | Morales et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8591351 | Albertsen et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8602907 | Beach et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8608589 | Ferguson et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8616999 | Greaney et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
D697152 | Harbert et al. | Jan 2014 | S |
8622847 | Beach et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8628433 | Stites et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8632419 | Tang et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8641555 | Stites et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8657702 | Boyd et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8663029 | Beach et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8678949 | Shimazaki | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8684863 | Bezilla et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8690704 | Thomas | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8690706 | Stites et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8695487 | Sakane et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8696487 | Beach et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8696491 | Myers | Apr 2014 | B1 |
8702531 | Boyd et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8721471 | Albertsen et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8727900 | Beach et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
D707768 | Oldknow et al. | Jun 2014 | S |
D707769 | Oldknow et al. | Jun 2014 | S |
D707773 | Oldknow et al. | Jun 2014 | S |
8747253 | Stites | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8753222 | Beach et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8753226 | Rice et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8753229 | Rae et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8758153 | Sargent et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
D708281 | Oldknow et al. | Jul 2014 | S |
8783086 | Hirano | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8790195 | Myers et al. | Jul 2014 | B1 |
8795101 | Nishio | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8821198 | Harada et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8821312 | Burnett et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8827831 | Burnett et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8834289 | de la Cruz et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8834290 | Bezilla et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8845450 | Beach et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8845454 | Boyd et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
D714893 | Atwell | Oct 2014 | S |
8876622 | Beach et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8876627 | Beach et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8888607 | Beach et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8900069 | Beach et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
D722122 | Greensmith | Feb 2015 | S |
8956240 | Beach et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
8956244 | Westrum et al. | Feb 2015 | B1 |
8986133 | Bennett et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
8988746 | Boyd et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9033821 | Beach et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
9072949 | Stites et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9095753 | Bezilla et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
9101808 | Stites et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
9108090 | Stites et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
9149693 | Stites et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9155944 | Stites et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9168435 | Boggs et al. | Oct 2015 | B1 |
9180349 | Seluga et al. | Nov 2015 | B1 |
9186546 | Boyd et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9186547 | Boyd et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9186560 | Harbert | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9192831 | Stites et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9205312 | Zimmerman et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9211447 | Harbert | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9216333 | Bezilla et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9220953 | Beach | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9220955 | Hayase et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9295885 | Matsunaga et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9352198 | Roach et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
9375624 | Boyd et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9403069 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9409073 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9409076 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9433834 | Stites et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9433844 | Boyd et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9433845 | Boyd et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9440123 | Beno et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9446294 | Oldknow et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9498688 | Galvan | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9504884 | Bennett et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9504889 | Mitzel et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9561405 | Rae et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9573027 | Nivanh et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9597558 | Seluga et al. | Mar 2017 | B1 |
9597561 | Seluga et al. | Mar 2017 | B1 |
9610480 | Boggs et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
9616299 | Boggs et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
9623291 | Greensmith et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
9622551 | Akiyama et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9636552 | Cleghorn et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9643064 | Boggs et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9662545 | Beach et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9687701 | Seluga et al. | Jun 2017 | B1 |
9687702 | Seluga et al. | Jun 2017 | B1 |
9694255 | Oldknow et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9694257 | Seluga et al. | Jul 2017 | B1 |
9700763 | Harbert et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9700767 | Zimmerman et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9700769 | Beach et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9700770 | Cleghorn et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9700771 | Murphy et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9717962 | Seluga et al. | Aug 2017 | B1 |
9744415 | Frame et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
9770632 | Boyd et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
9776050 | Boggs et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9776052 | Solheim et al. | Oct 2017 | B1 |
9776058 | Seluga et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9789371 | Boggs et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9795840 | Greensmith et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9795845 | Taylor et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9802085 | Stites et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9814954 | Westrum et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
9855474 | Beno et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
9855476 | Seluga et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
9855477 | Franklin et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
9861864 | Beach et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
9873028 | Franklin et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
9889346 | Boggs et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
9901794 | Beno et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
9908011 | Larson et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9908012 | Larson et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9908013 | Hettinger et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9908017 | Seluga et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9914025 | Larson et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9914028 | Cleghorn et al. | Mar 2018 | B1 |
9914030 | Cleghorn et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
9931549 | Seluga et al. | Apr 2018 | B1 |
9943733 | Franklin et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
9950218 | Franklin et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
9950219 | Larson et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
9956459 | Tavares et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
10004953 | Stites et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
10035049 | Nielson et al. | Jul 2018 | B1 |
10035051 | Cleghorn et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
10052537 | Nivanh et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
10071290 | Boyd et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
10071294 | Oldknow et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
10076688 | Harbert et al. | Sep 2018 | B1 |
10086240 | Hoffman et al. | Oct 2018 | B1 |
10092803 | Cleghorn et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
10092804 | Luttrell et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
10099094 | Myrhum et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
10124224 | Solheim et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
10130854 | Stites et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
10173111 | Busch et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
10183202 | Harbert et al. | Jan 2019 | B1 |
10195498 | Solheim et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
10238927 | Solheim et al. | Mar 2019 | B2 |
10322321 | Oldknow et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
10363465 | Stites et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
10369437 | Cleghorn et al. | Aug 2019 | B1 |
10376757 | Golden et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
10391371 | Luttrell et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
10463928 | Stokke et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
10478679 | Harbert et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
10569144 | Nielson et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
10576336 | Solheim et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
10610746 | Larson et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
10625129 | Solheim et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
10646759 | Cleghorn et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
10653926 | Story et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
10737149 | Oldknow et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
10780330 | Stites et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
10843048 | Hoffman et al. | Nov 2020 | B1 |
10898764 | Harbert et al. | Jan 2021 | B2 |
10974102 | Penney | Apr 2021 | B2 |
10974109 | Stokke et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
10994177 | Solheim et al. | May 2021 | B2 |
11000744 | Solheim et al. | May 2021 | B2 |
11020637 | Stokke et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
11052294 | Carter | Jul 2021 | B2 |
11135486 | Higdon | Oct 2021 | B2 |
11154756 | Stites et al. | Oct 2021 | B2 |
11167184 | Oldknow et al. | Nov 2021 | B2 |
11278771 | Lacey et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
20020142859 | Galloway et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020169036 | Boone | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030130059 | Billings | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20040023729 | Nagai et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040087388 | Beach et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040121852 | Tsurumaki | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040157678 | Kohno | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040157680 | Chen | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040176180 | Yamaguchi et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040176183 | Tsurumaki | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040180730 | Franklin et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040192463 | Tsurumaki et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040192468 | Onoda et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040214660 | Chen | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040235584 | Chao et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040242343 | Chao | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050049075 | Chen et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070371 | Chen et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050096151 | Hou et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050096154 | Chen | May 2005 | A1 |
20050101404 | Long et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050124435 | Gambetta et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137024 | Stites et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050181884 | Beach et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050227781 | Huang et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050239575 | Chao et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050239576 | Stites et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050266933 | Galloway | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060019768 | Lo | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060019770 | Meyer et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060035722 | Beach et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060058112 | Haralason et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060073910 | Imamoto et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060084525 | Imamoto et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060122004 | Chen et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060128500 | Tavares | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060154747 | Beach et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060172821 | Evans | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060189407 | Soracco | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060240908 | Adams et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20070021234 | Tsurumaki et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070026961 | Hou | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070049400 | Imamoto et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070049415 | Shear | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070049417 | Shear | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070054750 | Rice | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070105646 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105647 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105648 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105649 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105650 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105651 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105652 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105653 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105654 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070105655 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070117648 | Yokota | May 2007 | A1 |
20070117652 | Beach et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20080020861 | Adams et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080146370 | Beach et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080153625 | Morales et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080161127 | Yamamoto | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080261715 | Carter | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080261717 | Hoffman et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080280698 | Hoffman et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090062029 | Stites et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090088269 | Beach et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090088271 | Beach et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090137338 | Kajita | May 2009 | A1 |
20090170632 | Beach et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090203462 | Stites et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090221383 | Ban et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090264214 | De La Cruz et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090286611 | Beach et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090286618 | Beach et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090286619 | Beach | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090318245 | Yim et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100016095 | Burnett et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100029404 | Shear | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100029408 | Abe | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100035701 | Kusumoto | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100048316 | Honea et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100048321 | Beach et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100113176 | Boyd et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100144461 | Ban | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100160091 | Boyd et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100167837 | Ban | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100197423 | Thomas et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100197426 | De La Cruz et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100234127 | Snyder et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100331101 | Sato et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100331103 | Takahashi et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110009210 | Stites et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110014995 | Wada et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110021284 | Stites et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110098127 | Yamamoto | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110151989 | Golden et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110151997 | Shear | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110195798 | Sander et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110212795 | Jertson et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110218053 | Tang et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110294599 | Albertsen et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120083362 | Albertsen et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120083363 | Albertsen et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120122601 | Beach et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120142447 | Boyd et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120142452 | Burnett et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120149491 | Beach et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120165110 | Cheng | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120165111 | Cheng | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120196701 | Stites et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120202615 | Beach et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120220387 | Beach et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120244960 | Tang et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120270676 | Burnett et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120277029 | Albertsen et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120277030 | Albertsen et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120289361 | Beach et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120302366 | Murphy | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20130065705 | Morales et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130102410 | Stites et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130165254 | Rice et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130165255 | Bezilla et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130210542 | Harbert et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130281227 | Roach et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130324284 | Stites et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140080629 | Sargent et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20150011328 | Harbert et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150065265 | Motokawa | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150072799 | Franklin et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150072800 | Franklin et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150105177 | Beach et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150217167 | Frame et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150231453 | Harbert et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150258394 | Franklin et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
20150297961 | Voshall | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306475 | Curtis et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150343282 | Franklin et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
20160001146 | Sargent | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160023060 | Harbert et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160121178 | Franklin et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
20160250525 | Motokawa | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20160271464 | Murphy et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20170304692 | Beach et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
20180178093 | Lacey et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2436182 | Jun 2001 | CN |
201353407 | Dec 2009 | CN |
9012884 | Sep 1990 | DE |
0470488 | Mar 1995 | EP |
0617987 | Nov 1997 | EP |
1001175 | May 2000 | EP |
2377586 | Oct 2011 | EP |
194823 | Dec 1921 | GB |
57-157374 | Oct 1982 | JP |
4180778 | Jun 1992 | JP |
05-317465 | Dec 1993 | JP |
06-126004 | May 1994 | JP |
6190088 | Jul 1994 | JP |
06-238022 | Aug 1994 | JP |
6-304271 | Nov 1994 | JP |
09-028844 | Feb 1997 | JP |
03035480 | Mar 1997 | JP |
09-308717 | Dec 1997 | JP |
09-327534 | Dec 1997 | JP |
10-234902 | Aug 1998 | JP |
10-277187 | Oct 1998 | JP |
11114102 | Oct 1998 | JP |
2000014841 | Jan 2000 | JP |
2000197718 | Jul 2000 | JP |
2001054595 | Feb 2001 | JP |
2001-129130 | May 2001 | JP |
2001170225 | Jun 2001 | JP |
2001204856 | Jul 2001 | JP |
2001346918 | Dec 2001 | JP |
2002003969 | Jan 2002 | JP |
2002017910 | Jan 2002 | JP |
2002052099 | Feb 2002 | JP |
2002248183 | Sep 2002 | JP |
2002253706 | Sep 2002 | JP |
2003038691 | Feb 2003 | JP |
2003093554 | Apr 2003 | JP |
2003126311 | May 2003 | JP |
2003226952 | Aug 2003 | JP |
2004174224 | Jun 2004 | JP |
2004183058 | Jul 2004 | JP |
2004222911 | Aug 2004 | JP |
2004-261451 | Sep 2004 | JP |
2004267438 | Sep 2004 | JP |
2004313762 | Nov 2004 | JP |
2004351054 | Dec 2004 | JP |
2004351173 | Dec 2004 | JP |
2005028170 | Feb 2005 | JP |
05-296582 | Oct 2005 | JP |
2005-296458 | Oct 2005 | JP |
05-323978 | Nov 2005 | JP |
2006231063 | Sep 2006 | JP |
2006-320493 | Nov 2006 | JP |
2008515560 | May 2008 | JP |
4128970 | Jul 2008 | JP |
2008200118 | Sep 2008 | JP |
2009000281 | Jan 2009 | JP |
2010279847 | Dec 2010 | JP |
2011024999 | Feb 2011 | JP |
WO8802642 | Apr 1988 | WO |
WO1999020358 | Apr 1999 | WO |
WO2001049376 | Jul 2001 | WO |
WO0166199 | Sep 2001 | WO |
WO02062501 | Aug 2002 | WO |
WO03061773 | Jul 2003 | WO |
WO2004043549 | May 2004 | WO |
WO2006044631 | Apr 2006 | WO |
WO2014070343 | May 2014 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Adams Golf Speedline F11 Ti 14.5 degree fairway wood (www.bombsquadgolf.com, posted Oct. 18, 2010). |
Callaway Golf, World's Straightest Driver: FT-i Driver downloaded from www.callawaygolf.com/ft%2Di/driver.aspx?lang=en on Apr. 5, 2007. |
Declaration of Tim Reed, VP of R&D, Adams Golf, Inc., dated Dec. 7, 2012. |
Jackson, Jeff, The Modern Guide to Golf Clubmaking, Ohio: Dynacraft Golf Products, Inc., copyright 1994, p. 237. |
Nike Golf, Sasquatch 460, downloaded from www.nike.com/nikegolf/index.htm on Apr. 5, 2007. |
Nike Golf, Sasquatch Sumo Squared Driver, downloaded from www.nike.com/nikegolf/index.htm on Apr. 5, 2007. |
Office action from the Japanese Patent Office in Patent Application No. 2008-264880, dated Nov. 21, 2012. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 12/781,727, dated Aug. 5, 2010. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/338,197, dated Jun. 5, 2014. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/401,690, dated May 23, 2012. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/401,690, dated Feb. 6, 2013. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/469,023, dated Jul. 31, 2012. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/469,031, dated Oct. 9, 2014. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/469,031, dated May 20, 2015. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/975,106, dated Feb. 24, 2014. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 13/828,675, dated Jun. 30, 2014. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 14/495,795, dated Jun. 15, 2015. |
Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in U.S. Appl. No. 14/701,476, dated Jun. 15, 2015. |
Taylor Made Golf Company, Inc. Press Release, Burner Fairway Wood, www.tmag.com/media/pressreleases/2007/011807_burner_fairway_rescue.html, Jan. 26, 2007. |
Taylor Made Golf Company Inc., R7 460 Drivers, downloaded from www.taylormadegolf.com/product_detail.asp?pID=14section=overview on Apr. 5, 2007. |
Titleist 907D1, downloaded from www.tees2greens.com/forum/Uploads/Images/7ade3521-192b-4611-870b-395d.jpg on Feb. 1, 2007. |
Adams Idea Super S Hybrid Iron Set, https://www.intheholegolf.com/AG-ISHIS/Adams-Idea-Super-S-Hybrid-Iron-Set.html, obtained Aug. 24, 2022, 5 pages. |
Adams Speedline Super LS XTD Fairway Wood, https://www.intheholegolf.com/AG-SSLSXFW/Adams-Speedline-Super-LS-XTD-Fairway-Wood.html, obtained Aug. 24, 2022, 5 pages. |
Adams Tight Lies Titanium Fairway Wood, www.intheholegolf.com/AG15-TIGHTLIESTFW/Adams-Tight-Lies_Titanium-Fairway-Wood.html, obtained Aug. 24, 2022, 6 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210260447 A1 | Aug 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61427772 | Dec 2010 | US | |
62440886 | Dec 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 16865191 | May 2020 | US |
Child | 17198030 | US | |
Parent | 15859071 | Dec 2017 | US |
Child | 16865191 | US | |
Parent | 14871789 | Sep 2015 | US |
Child | 15617919 | US | |
Parent | 14701476 | Apr 2015 | US |
Child | 14871789 | US | |
Parent | 14495795 | Sep 2014 | US |
Child | 14701476 | US | |
Parent | 13828675 | Mar 2013 | US |
Child | 14495795 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15617919 | Jun 2017 | US |
Child | 15859071 | US | |
Parent | 13469031 | May 2012 | US |
Child | 13828675 | US | |
Parent | 13338197 | Dec 2011 | US |
Child | 13469031 | US |