Patent Grant
6971723
The invention relates generally to brake equipment for rail cars, and more particularly to an improved graduated release proportioning valve for empty-load brake equipment to implement a graduated release of braking effort on individual rail cars depending upon whether the rail cars are loaded or empty.
Conventional proportioning valves for empty-load braking equipment are well known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,080,005, assigned to the assignee of the present application, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, describes a prior art “Empty-load Fluid Pressure Brake System Including Proportioning Valve” for a rail car. As summarized in that patent, a control valve and the brake operating motor are interconnected by a flow path which includes a proportioning valve which is normally biased open and a changeover valve which selectively renders the proportioning valve effective dependent upon whether the car is empty or loaded. In the car-empty setting, the changeover valve permits auxiliary reservoir pressure to be proportionately reduced by the proportioning valve. A spring biases the proportioning valve open. In the empty setting of the changeover valve, this spring delays proportioning action until the quick service brake cylinder pressure development is complete. Thereafter, the proportioning action commences and continues during the development of pressure in the volume reservoir. It will be seen that the initial brake cylinder pressure development is unaffected by the proportioning valve, and this development is not delayed on the empty cars. The quick service feature is thus preserved.
The changeover valve could be manually set in either of its two positions, but it is preferred to use an automatic valve which normally assumes the load setting but on an empty car moves to empty setting as an incident to the automatic control valve moving to service position. The automatic changeover valve includes a means to sense the interval between sprung and unsprung parts of the car, the interval being smaller on loaded cars than on empty cars.
The proportioning valve described above has been manufactured by Wabtec™ as the “P-1 Proportioning Valve”™, as a primary component of the Wabtec™ “SC-1 Empty/Load Equipment”™ for some 35 years. Throughout that time the P-1™ has been a trouble-free valve that has provided highly reliable service on tens of thousands of freight cars.
However, a disadvantage of this proportioning valve, and other known proportioning valves, is that conventional proportioning valves do operate in a graduated release brake system. Recent advances in rail car brake systems include brake systems and equipment which permit rail cars to be controlled in a graduated release braking mode. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a proportioning valve, similar to the P-1™ proportioning valve described above, except which can be operated in a graduated release braking mode.
A release graduating proportioning valve is provided for a rail car brake system having a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, and a load sensor valve for detecting an empty/loaded car condition. Essentially, the release graduating proportioning valve can comprising a proportioning valve having conventional components used in combination with a graduated release valve member. By way of example, the conventional components include a proportioning piston having a control volume communicating on a first side of the piston and a second volume communicating on a second side of the piston. The load sensor valve conventionally has an empty car setting in which the control volume is connected to atmosphere via the load sensor valve, and a loaded car setting in which the control volume is connected to the brake cylinder via the load sensor valve.
The graduated release valve member can be interposed between the control volume and atmosphere, independent of the load sensor valve. The graduated release valve member has an open position, at which the control volume is connected to atmosphere via the graduated release valve member, and a closed position, at which the graduated release valve member does not connect the control volume to atmosphere. The graduated release valve member is activated by movement of the proportioning piston, to provide a graduated release of brake cylinder pressure, via the control volume.
The release graduating proportioning valve can further comprise incorporating the graduated release valve member into the top of a conventional proportioning valve, such that one end of the graduated release valve member extends into the control volume the opposite end extends outside of the proportioning valve, so as to selectively communicate the control volume with the atmosphere independently of the load sensor valve. The end of the graduated release valve member inside the control chamber can be positioned adjacent a diaphragm member which separates the control volume from the second volume on the opposite side of the proportioning piston. The diaphragm, and thus the end of the graduated release valve member, moves with the proportioning piston responsive to changes in pressure in the second volume. It is this movement which activates the graduated release valve member to connect, or isolate, the control volume to atmosphere. It should be noted that in this context, the control volume may not be totally isolated from atmosphere due to the existence of the load sensor valve connection to the control chamber, which can independently connect the control volume to atmosphere.
In certain embodiments, the graduated release valve member may have a longitudinal exhaust passage and a seat at the end of the valve member which closes the exhaust passage against the diaphragm. In this case, the exhaust passage will only connect the control volume to atmosphere when the proportioning piston, and the diaphragm, move sufficiently away from the seat to permit the control volume to communicate with the exhaust passage.
In other embodiments, the graduated release valve member may comprise a spool enclosed in a housing, and wherein the spool has radial and/or annular exhaust passages which connect with, depending on the position of the spool, an exhaust vent through the housing out to atmosphere. In this case, the end of the spool can similarly be positioned adjacent the diaphragm such that movement thereof, via the proportioning piston, activates the spool to exhaust or isolate the control chamber.
The release graduating proportioning valve can further comprise a spring or other resilient member to bias the graduated release valve member toward a closed position in which the control volume is not connected to atmosphere. Additionally, the release graduating proportioning valve can further comprise a graduated release valve member o-ring retainer, wherein the retainer can include upper and lower valve seat positioners, with the o-ring disposed therebetween. The lower positioner can have a skirt portion which at least partially captures the o-ring, and the upper positioner can have a vent passage communicating on a back side of the o-ring to inhibit a build up of pressure on the back side thereof which could cause the o-ring to blow-out of its position.
Further details, objects, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings figures of certain embodiments thereof.
A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Referring now to the drawing figures, in which like reference numbers designate like components, a prior art proportioning valve 10, in this case, which can be the P-1™ proportioning valve is illustrated. The conventional proportioning valve 10 provides delivery of full brake cylinder pressure (“BCP”) from the brake control valve 13 to the brake cylinder 16 when the rail car is loaded, and decreases the brake cylinder pressure when the car is empty, to either 60%, 50% or 40% of the full loaded-car pressure. On the empty car, when downstream BCP is reduced it is also admitted to an equalizing reservoir (not shown), which is sized in accord with the degree of proportioning to assure that the upstream BCP and the supply reservoir will equalize at the same pressure as occurs when the car is loaded. The conventional proportioning valve 10 is intended for use only with direct-release brake systems. The P-1™ proportioning valve is described in Wabtec™ Parts catalog No. 577723 (April 1987); and in Westinghouse Air Brake Company™ publication “AB Single Freight Car Air Brake Equipment with ABDX Type Control Valve” No. 5062-19 (August 1991). Both of these publications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The structure of the conventional P-1™ proportioning valve, hereafter referred to simply as the proportioning valve 10, is illustrated in
When the brakes are released, the proportioning piston 25 remains in its uppermost position, which allows the BCP to exhaust back through the brake control valve 13 (and a retainer, not shown). It should be noted that BCP is not admitted to the equalizing reservoir when the car is loaded.
On an empty car, once BCP exceeds approximately 12 psi, the load sensor valve 22 reacts to the empty-car spring deflection to open a port allowing the downstream BCP to be admitted back to the control volume 31 acting on the top of the proportioning piston 25, (and also to the equalizing reservoir). When sufficient, this pressure acts to force the proportioning piston 25 downward to seat the supply check valve 37. Because of the larger effective area above the proportioning piston, the pressure in the control volume 31 does not need to be as great as the pressure acting on the smaller area beneath the proportioning piston 25 to counteract it and balance the opposing piston force. Therefore, the downstream pressure acting on the larger top area will increase only until it is sufficient to overcome the higher pressure from the control valve 13 acting on the smaller area, combined with the main piston spring 34. The degree of pressure proportioning (60%, 50% or 40%) is thus set by the ratio of the opposing effective areas above and below the proportioning piston 25.
In setting the proportioning ratio, by design, the full area of the diaphragm 40 is allowed to remain constant, and the various ratios are achieved by reducing the diameter, and thus the effective area, of the piston extension and o-ring seal. The standard proportioning valve 10 has been proven to provide good sensitivity, and proportions the empty car BCP quite accurately.
By admitting the reduced downstream BCP to the equalizing reservoir, it is assured that the upstream pressure will equalize with the appropriate supply reservoirs during full service and emergency service at essentially the same equalization pressures as would occur on a loaded car with full BCP. These proper equalizations are important to assure timely brake releases when brake pipe pressure is restored.
When a direct brake release is made, the relatively small volume of upstream pressure between the proportioning valve 10 and the rail car brake control valve 13 will first exhaust back through the brake control valve 13, and retainer, until falling just below the lower (proportioned) downstream BCP, whereupon the downstream pressure will overcome the relatively light supply check valve spring 43 and follow back through the check valve 37, to atmosphere 19. As the pressure further reduces, it will reach a point where the main piston spring 34 will be sufficient to force the proportioning piston 25 upward, lifting the check valve 37 away from its seat and assuring a full exhaust of the BCP. Also, as the downstream BCP reduces, it will reach a pressure where the load sensor valve 22 will reset under the force of a reset spring (not shown). When this occurs, the equalizing reservoir and the control volume 31 will be isolated from the brake cylinder 16, and this pressure will exhaust directly through the load sensor valve 22 to atmosphere 19.
Although proven reliable and accurate, the standard proportioning valve 10 is not suited for a graduated release brake, because the upstream BCP must be reduced until it falls below the proportioned downstream BCP before any air will be exhausted from the brake cylinder 16.
Regardless of the load sensor valve 22 condition, the full open position of the proportioning valve 10 permits unrestricted flow of air from the brake control valve 13 to the brake cylinder 16 in both application and release. When the load sensor valve 22 is in the “empty” position and a brake application is in effect, the proportioning piston 25 settles into the balanced position, as shown in
At this point the proportioning piston 25 will be in the over travel position, as shown in
The movement of the proportioning piston 25 beyond the balanced position toward the over travel position is the operating range in which a graduated release valve member can be added to the proportioning valve 10 in order to provide a graduated release of a light (e.g. “empty”) car brake application. Such a modified proportioning valve could then follow supply pressure proportionally throughout a graduated release of brakes, rather than blocking air in the brake cylinder 16 until the brake control valve 13 output pressure had been reduced (as much as 50%) to the lower light/empty car brake cylinder pressure produced by the proportioning valve 10 in the empty car position, as shown in
Referring now to
As illustrated, the supply side of the RGV 50 is unchanged from the conventional proportioning valve, and can operate in the manner described above during pressure reduction in the brake pipe, which indicates a brake application caused by the brake control valve 13. The modification adds the BCP graduated release valve member 53 to allow for incremental exhaust to provide proper and responsive operation in a graduated release mode. The RGV 50 can thus operate properly in either a pneumatic graduated release system or with ECP brake control. The RGV 50 is shown in the release position in
As shown in
The graduating valve member 53 can also include a cap 70 which can both fix the stroke of the valve stem 61 and provide a shield against the entrance of dirt and moisture. It can be seen that the compressed valve spring 72 holds the valve seat 62 against the rubber top of the diaphragm 40, sealing the control volume 31 above the diaphragm 40 against leakage through a central passageway 74 provided in the valve stem 61. This will be the case as the proportioning piston 25 and diaphragm 40 move downward from the full open position through the range of travel identical to the available valve travel illustrated. This available travel is such that until the proportioning piston 25 is below the balance position, and about halfway to the over travel position, the valve assembly 60 will remain closed. However, when the proportioning piston 25 moves lower than this, the available travel will be used up and the valve stem 61 will no longer be able to follow the diaphragm 40 and proportioning piston 25 down. Thus, as the proportioning piston 25 nears the over travel position (which can only happen when supply pipe pressure from the brake control valve 13 is being reduced and BCP is not) the valve assembly 60 will open and begin venting the control volume 31 to atmosphere 19a via central passageway 74, and with it brake cylinder pressure.
However, as this venting occurs the force urging the proportioning piston 25 downward will lessen at a greater rate than brake cylinder supply pressure, until the proportioning piston 25 moves upward to the balanced position, returning the graduated release valve member 53 to its closed position. This action will continue until the pressure at which the load sensor valve 22 returns to release, after which control volume 31 pressure will all be vented to atmosphere 19 via the load sensor valve 22, and the brake cylinder supply check valve 34 will be pulled open.
Referring now to
As BCP is being developed or increased, the proportioning valve portion of the RGV 80 works exactly as described above for the standard proportioning valve 10. However, if the upstream BCP is incrementally exhausted at the brake control valve 13 (not shown in this figure) at any time, the reduced pressure beneath the balanced proportioning piston 25 will cause the proportioning piston 25 to move downward, under the influence of the opposing downstream BCP, which will open the graduated release valve member 83 to begin to reduce downstream pressure to the degree needed to rebalance the proportioning piston 25. The proper proportioning between the upstream and downstream BCP will thereby be automatically maintained for either incremental increases or decreases in the upstream pressure, as directly controlled, for example, by a brake control valve 13. With the RGV 80, the brake control valve 13 can be either a graduated release pneumatic type, or a direct electronic type, such as an ECP control unit.
As explained previously in regard to the operation of the conventional proportioning valve 10, the equalizing reservoir (not shown) is connected to the downstream BCP at the load sensor valve 22 (not shown here), and equalizing reservoir pressure will follow the BCP for all such graduations. If the upstream BCP is reduced below the equivalent of a minimum brake application, for example approximately 10 psi BCP, the brake control valve 13, or ECP unit, will normally provide a complete and direct release of BCP to zero. This will result in a reset of the load sensor valve 22, and the exhaust of the equalizing reservoir.
Referring now to
As shown, the graduated release valve member 83 can comprise the central spool 87 and a housing 93 for the spool 87. The spool 87 is shown on the right of the centerline 96 in the extreme upper position 120, where the spool 87 would be in all cases where there was no pressure above the diaphragm 40, such as any loaded car condition, and also an empty car with brakes released, or insufficiently applied to move the proportioning piston 25 down. The spool 87 is shown to the left of the centerline 96 in the full down position 122, as would be the case after a brake application on an empty car had been made and partially released.
Note that the housing 93 carries the O-ring valve seal 85 near the bore entry, and that the spool 87 is drilled to provide an overbalance pressure on the proportioning piston 25. Also, in the position shown to the right of the centerline 96, the captive O-ring 85 seals the communication between the control volume 31 above the diaphragm 40, and atmosphere 19a. In the position at the left, the groove 99 in the spool 87 allows pressure above the diaphragm 40 in the control volume 31 to vent to atmosphere. The path to atmosphere is past the O-ring 85 into the groove 99 in the spool 87, out through the drilled cross hole 102 in the housing 93, and thence to the atmosphere 19a through the drilled cross hole 104 in the lower skirt of the retaining nut 106.
The diagram to the right of the centerline 96 shows the position of the top of the diaphragm 40 not only in these two positions, but also in two other positions of interest. The first of these two other positions is the “empty car lap” position 124. This is the position of the top of the diaphragm 40 when the brake is applied and RGV 80 has admitted sufficient air to the brake cylinder 16 to satisfy the design balance pressure differential of the proportioning piston 25. In this position, the spool 87 is still above the “cracking point” 126, for example by about 0.040 inch, so there should be no exhaust at or near the normal operating position of the RGV 80.
Beneath this point is the cracking point 126, where the graduating release valve member 83 is just sealed by a hair line, and beneath that is the lowermost, over travel position 128 of the diaphragm 40, which normally occurs while the brake cylinder supply is being released and the proportioning check valve 37 is being held on the seat because the brake cylinder supply pressure is still above actual brake cylinder pressure. All travel from the cracking point 126 to the maximum over travel position 128 opens the graduating release valve member 83 wider, and at the over travel position 128 the valve 83 opening is approximately the equivalent of 0.100 inch, which should provide adequate exhaust capacity to reduce the brake cylinder pressure in step with a graduated brake release.
Referring more particularly to
The material of the housing 93 can be 401 stainless in order to provide both corrosion protection and a good honed finish for the balance seal 120 to run on. Material for the spool 87 can be manganese bronze, to provide freedom from galling as well as physical strength and an O.D. ground finish to ride on the sealing O-ring 85. Both seal retainers 110, 116 can be stainless as well, and the retaining nut 106 can be free machining steel. All of the O-rings can be made of Viton, for both temperature and wear properties, although flourosilicon could also be used.
While the invention has been described in regard to certain specific embodiments as integrated with a conventional proportioning valve, it is to be understood that other embodiments can be utilized with other style or design of valves. In particular, other embodiments could comprise a totally new proportioning valve body, and valve parts could be used to incorporate the release graduating valve member according to the invention. Also, while the embodiments shown may use components such as those made or sold by Westinghouse Air Brake Company™, it is to be understood that other valves, including valves made by other entities, may also be used to obtain the invention described herein.
Moreover, although certain embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications to those details could be developed in light of the overall teaching of this disclosure. Accordingly, the particular embodiments disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting to the scope of the invention which should be awarded the full breadth of the following claims and any and all embodiments thereof.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/539,482, filed Jan. 27, 2004.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4080005 | Engle | Mar 1978 | A |
| 5303987 | McKay | Apr 1994 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050162007 A1 | Jul 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60539482 | Jan 2004 | US |
