Claims
- 1. A graft polymer, prepared by grafting onto an oil soluble or dispersible substantially saturated hydrocarbon polymer backbone, a free radical-polymerizable vinyl nitrogen monomer in the presence of from about 15% to about 45% by weight based on the total weight of the reaction mixture, of a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic solvent, capable of free-radical hydrogen atom chain transfer, selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, mesitylene, tetralin, alkyl benzene bottoms, alkyl tetralins, alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl toluenes containing a total of from 1 to about 4 alkyl groups, wherein each alkyl group contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms in all alkyl groups does not exceed about 10, and phenyl substituted alkanes, wherein the alkane contains from 4 to about 9 carbons.
- 2. The graft polymer according to claim 1 wherein the backbone is an oil soluble or dispersible polymer or copolymer selected from the group consisting of
- a) hydrogenated homopolymers of conjugated dienes,
- b) hydrogenated copolymers of a conjugated diene with one or more olefins or other conjugated dienes,
- c) copolymers of alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and
- d) hydrogenated lower olefin non-conjugated diene modified terpolymers.
- 3. The graft polymer of claim 1 wherein the backbone is derived from monomers comprising conjugated dienes selected from the group consisting of 1,3,-butadiene and isoprene.
- 4. The graft polymer of claim 1 wherein the backbone comprises b) a hydrogenated copolymer of a conjugated diene with an olefin, wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of styrene and methyl styrene.
- 5. The graft polymer of claim 1 wherein the backbone comprises c) a hydrogenated copolymer of alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms which is selected from the group consisting of Ziegler-Natta catalyzed copolymers of mixed aliphatic alpha-olefins and aliphatic alpha-olefin mixtures with styrene.
- 6. The graft polymer according to claim 1 wherein the free radical-polymerizable, vinyl nitrogen monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyridines, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylimidazole, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate and the corresponding acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and the corresponding acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N-alkyl maleamic acids and esters thereof, 2-vinyl-1,3-thiazolines, 2-vinyl-1,3-oxazolines, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid.
- 7. The graft polymer according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic solvent is toluene or xylene.
- 8. A process for the preparation of a graft polymer, which process comprises reacting, at a temperature between about 80.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., a free radical-polymerizable vinyl nitrogen monomer with an oil soluble or dispersible hydrocarbon polymer backbone in the presence of a catalytic 6 amount of a free radical-generating reagent and from about 15% to about 45% by weight based upon the total weight of the reaction mixture, of a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic solvent, capable of free-radical hydrogen atom chain-transfer, selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene,mesitylene, tetralin, alkyl benzene bottoms, alkyl tetralins, alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl toluenes containing a total of from 1 to about 4 alkyl groups, wherein each alkyl group contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms in all alkyl groups does not exceed about 10, and phenyl substituted alkanes, wherein the alkane contains from 4 to about 9 carbons.
- 9. The process according to claim 8 wherein the hydrocarbon polymer backbone is an oil soluble or dispersible polymer or copolymer selected from the group consisting of
- a) hydrogenated homopolymers of conjugated dienes,
- b) hydrogenated copolymers of a conjugated diene with one or more olefins or other conjugated dienes,
- c) copolymers of alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 18 carbon at atoms, and
- d) hydrogenated lower olefin-diene modified terpolymers.
- 10. The process according to claim 9 wherein the hydrocarbon polymer is derived from monomers comprising conjugated dienes selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
- 11. The process according to claim 9 wherein the hydrocarbon copolymer comprises b) a hydrogenated copolymer of a conjugated diene with an olefin, wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of styrene and methyl styrene.
- 12. The process of claim 9 wherein c) the hydrocarbon copolymer comprises a copolymer of alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, which is selected from the group consisting of Ziegler-Natta copolymers of mixed aliphatic alpha-olefins, and aliphatic alpha-olefin mixtures with styrene.
- 13. The process according to claim 8 wherein the free radical-polymerizable, vinyl nitrogen monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyridines, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinyl imidazole, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and the corresponding acrylate, and N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and the corresponding acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid.
- 14. The process according to claim 9 wherein the aromatic solvent is toluene or xylene.
- 15. The process according to claim 8 wherein the hydrocarbon polymer is a styrene-diene copolymer and the free radical-generating reagent is an azo-group containing polymerization initiator.
- 16. A lubricating oil additive prepared by a process comprising reacting at a temperature between about 80.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., a free radical-polymerizable vinyl nitrogen monomer with a substantially saturated hydrocarbon polymer in the presence of a catalytic amount of a free radical-generating reagent and from about 15% to about 45% by weight, based upon the total weight of the reaction mixture, of a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic solvent capable of free radical hydrogen atom chain-transfer, selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, tetralin, alkyl benzene bottoms, alkyl tetralins, alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl toluenes, wherein the alkyl group contains from about 3 to about 9 carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted alkanes, wherein the alkane contains from about 4 to about 9 carbons.
- 17. The lubricating oil additive of claim 16 wherein the hydrocarbon polymer is an oil soluble or dispersible polymer or a copolymer selected from the group consisting of
- a) hydrogenated homopolymers of conjugated dienes,
- b) hydrogenated copolymers of a conjugated diene with one or more olefins or other conjugated dienes,
- c) copolymers of alpha-olefins having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and
- d) hydrogenated lower olefin non-conjugated diene modified terpolymers.
- 18. A concentrate for formulating lubricating compositions comprising a normally liquid, substantially inert organic solvent/diluent and from about 0.1 to about 80% by weight of the graft polymer described in claim 1.
- 19. A concentrate for formulating lubricating compositions comprising a normally liquid, substantially inert organic solvent/diluent and from about 0.1 to about 80% by weight of the lubricating oil additive described in claim 16.
- 20. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the lubricating oil additive of claim 16.
- 21. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the graft polymer according to claim 1.
- 22. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the graft polymer according to claim 3.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 07/894,177 filed Jun. 3, 1992 abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/630,378, filed Dec. 18, 1990, now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/333,479 filed Apr. 5, 1989, now abandoned. The disclosures of these previous applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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Continuations (2)
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Date |
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Parent |
630378 |
Dec 1990 |
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Parent |
333479 |
Apr 1989 |
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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894177 |
Jun 1992 |
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