Patent Application
20230059285
The present invention relates to systems and methods for drying agricultural products such as grain.
In the agricultural arts, it is known that grain can be harvested after it has matured but before the moisture content falls to a level required at point of sale; for example grain can be harvested with up to 20% moisture. Such grain must then be dried to reduce the moisture content to a required level, such as for example 14.5%. If the grain is instead left in the field to dry naturally before harvesting, sprouting or bleaching can result in reduction in crop grade and thus loss of value. Leaving the crop in the field to dry also risks exposing the crop to rain which may not allow time for the grain to dry and be harvested before winter, and crops can be lost.
To address both the desirability of earlier harvest activity and the unpredictability of the weather for crops in place, it is known to store grain after harvest, which storage generally takes place in one or more centrally-located grain bins. The grain can be stored for weeks or even months until it is removed from the bins for transport and processing.
However, it is known that stored grain can become subject to spoilage due to the elevated heat and humidity that can occur within the bin, including from the moisture naturally present in the harvested grain. Various methods have been proposed for managing the heat and humidity within grain bins and for maintaining grain in a relatively dry condition, with varying degrees of effectiveness and sometimes representing labor-intensive and/or cost-prohibitive solutions. Airflow rate within the bin is known to impact drying of grain, but some prior art solutions that push moist warm air in the grain upwardly through the bin may struggle to achieve the force necessary to move the heavy air toward the top of the bin and thus sometimes leave significant moisture in the upper layers of the grain.
According to a first broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for drying grain housed in a storage bin, the storage bin having a peripheral wall defining an interior space, the system comprising: an air injector configured to inject dry external air at least halfway across the interior space; and an air extractor configured to extract moist warm internal air from at least halfway across the interior space; one of the air injector and the air extractor positioned centrally within the interior space, and the other of the air injector and the air extractor positioned adjacent the peripheral wall in the interior space; such that the air injector injects the dry external air through the grain at least halfway across the interior space toward the air extractor, and the air extractor extracts moist warm internal air through the grain from at least halfway across the interior space from the air injector.
Unlike some prior art systems in which a single high-power device such as a pump must operate alone at a level sufficient to extract moist warm air from an entire bin interior, embodiments according to the present invention may require less power shared between two devices such as an injection pump and an extraction pump which each only need to be effective across half the distance between the injector and extractor.
In some exemplary embodiments of the first broad aspect of the present invention, the air extractor is positioned centrally within the interior space and the air injector is positioned adjacent the peripheral wall in the interior space. In some such embodiments, the air injector may comprise a plurality of air injectors spaced around the peripheral wall, the plurality of air injectors disposed to direct the dry external air through the grain toward the air extractor.
The air extractor is preferably provided with an outlet line to outside the bin and an air extraction pump configured to pull the moist warm internal air through the air extractor and the outlet line. The air injector is likewise preferably provided with an intake line and an air injection pump configured to force the dry external air through the intake line and the air injector into the interior space.
The air extractor preferably extends upwardly through the interior space from a base of the bin, and in some exemplary embodiments comprises an elongate tube composed of perforated steel.
The air injector is preferably mounted on an interior surface of the peripheral wall and may comprise an elongate tube composed of perforated steel. In embodiments with a plurality of air injectors each one may comprise an elongate tube composed of perforated steel. In some embodiments the bin comprises a plurality of bin legs and each of the plurality of air injectors are integral with one of the plurality of bin legs. The external air may be fed to the air injector by a flexible hose, or the bin may comprise a hollow bin floor and the dry external air is fed to the air injector through the hollow bin floor, while in other embodiments the bin may comprise a hollow peripheral passage and the dry external air is fed to the air injector through the hollow peripheral passage.
In embodiments where the bin is a hopper-bottom bin, the system preferably further comprises a frame disposed above a bottom of the bin, the frame configured to support the air extractor above the bottom of the bin while allowing the grain to pass around the frame toward the bottom of the bin.
In embodiments where the air extractor is provided with an air extraction pump configured to pull the moist warm internal air through the air extractor, and the air injector is provided with an air injection pump configured to force the dry external air through the air injector into the interior space, systems may further comprise sensors for sensing at least one of heat and moisture within the interior space. The sensors may then be configured to send a notification signal when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the interior space exceeds a set threshold. Alternatively, the sensors may be configured to send an activation signal to activate the air injection pump and the air extraction pump when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the interior space exceed an upper set threshold, and to send a deactivation signal to the air injection pump and the air extraction pump when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the interior space falls below a lower set threshold.
In some other embodiments of the first aspect, a heat exchanger may be incorporated for capturing heat from the moist warm internal air extracted from the bin and applying the heat to the dry external air such that the dry external air is heated prior to being injected into the interior space.
According to a second broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for drying grain housed in a storage bin by removing moist air from the bin, the system comprising: a plurality of peripherally-disposed air injectors spaced around the storage bin to inject external air towards a centre of the interior space and displace the moist air; and an air extractor positioned centrally within the bin to extract the moist air.
In some embodiments of the second aspect, the plurality of air injectors are provided with an air injection pump to force the external air toward the air extractor, and the air extractor is provided with an air extraction pump to pull the moist air through the air extractor.
Sensors may also be incorporated in some exemplary embodiments for sensing at least one of heat and moisture within the bin. The sensors may be configured to send a notification signal when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the bin exceeds a set threshold. Alternatively, the sensors may be configured to send an activation signal to activate the air injection pump and the air extraction pump when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the bin exceed an upper set threshold, and to send a deactivation signal to the air injection pump and the air extraction pump when the at least one of the heat and the moisture within the bin falls below a lower set threshold.
A heat exchanger may be incorporated into embodiments of the second aspect for capturing heat from the moist air extracted from the bin and applying the heat to the external air such that the external air is heated prior to being injected into the bin.
A detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is given in the following. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be construed as being limited to these embodiments. The exemplary embodiments are directed to particular applications of the present invention, while it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention has applicability beyond the exemplary embodiments set forth herein.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
Exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Throughout the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However, well known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosure, for example conventional pumps or fans that the skilled person would readily be able to select and implement. The following description of examples of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form of any exemplary embodiment. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
The present invention is directed to a system for drying grain in a storage bin or for maintaining a desired level of heat and humidity within the bin so as to reduce the risk of grain spoilage during storage. While some embodiments of the present invention may be directed to retrofits of existing bins, some other embodiments may be new bin construction with the system components incorporated therein.
The present invention is directed to a system comprising an air injector and an air extractor, wherein the air injector operates to force external air into the bin and the air extractor pulls the moist warm air out of the bin and directs it to outside the bin. Preferably the injector and extractor operate at the same time, such that the injector is displacing moist warm air toward the extractor at the same time that the extractor is pulling moist warm air toward itself for removal, in such a way that the potentially dryer and cooler external air is moved into the inter-grain spaces within the bin interior. As each of the injector and extractor only need to be strong enough to move air halfway between the injector and extractor, this may reduce size and power requirements for the machinery such as pumps or fans that may be used to actuate the air injection and extraction.
Note that while the illustrated embodiments show peripheral air injectors and a centrally-disposed air extractor, those skilled in the art will be able to see that peripheral extractors can be used with a centrally-disposed injector instead with appropriate modifications to operations conditions for the pumps or fans being employed.
Turning now to
Both the injectors 22 and the extractor 24 may comprise perforated steel mesh, the mesh size selected to allow air passage while disallowing grain to move into the interiors of the injectors 22 and the extractor 24. The mesh size will therefore depend to an extent on the size of the grain stored in the bin 10, but also on the power of the pump or fan being used to actuate the air injection and extraction. The injectors 22 would be fed external air through an inlet line (not shown) powered by a pump or fan (not shown). The extractor 24 connects to an outlet line 26, which would be fitted with a pump or fan (not shown in
As there are potential benefits to having the external air dry but also heated, the embodiment of
In some embodiments of the present invention, sensors may be installed in the bin in a manner known to those skilled in the art for detecting heat and humidity levels in the bin interior. As it is desirable to maintain heat and humidity levels below a certain threshold, such sensors could be used to detect when heat and/or humidity levels exceeded a threshold. At that point, a notification could be sent to the operator advising that the threshold had been exceeded, and the operator could manually activate the pumps/fans for the injectors and extractors to bring the heat and/or humidity levels below the threshold. Alternatively, the pumps/fans could be provided with a controller configured for receipt of a signal when the threshold is exceeded, upon receipt of which signal the pumps/fans would automatically activate to bring the heat and/or humidity levels below the threshold. A lower threshold value could also be set, at which the pumps/fans would receive another signal and automatically shut down. Such sensor arrangements are optional but beneficial and their design and operation would be within the knowledge of the skilled person.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present invention. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments set forth in the foregoing, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the specification as a whole.
