Patent Application
20150177663
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technology for accurately detecting a grammage of a recording material.
2. Description of the Related Art
Up to now, some image forming apparatuses such as a copier and a printer are provided with a sensor configured to determine a type of a recording material inside thereof. In these apparatuses, the type of the recording material is automatically determined, and transfer conditions (for example, a transfer voltage and a conveyance speed of the recording material at the time of transfer) and fixing conditions (for example, a fixing temperature and a conveyance speed of the recording material at the time of fixing) are controlled in accordance with a determination result.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-18433 describes an image forming apparatus provided with a grammage detection sensor configured to detect a grammage of a recording material by irradiating the recording material with an ultrasonic wave and receiving the ultrasonic wave that has attenuated via the recording material. In this image forming apparatus, image forming conditions such as transfer conditions and fixing conditions are controlled in accordance with the grammage of the recording material detected by the sensor. In addition, it is known that, in the above-described grammage detection sensor using the ultrasonic wave, the detection result varies depending on a surrounding environment where the sensor is installed (for example, a barometric pressure or a temperature). For that reason, according to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-18433, by comparing a result of the reception of the ultrasonic wave in a state where the recording material does not exist with a result of the reception of the ultrasonic wave in a state where the recording material exists, an influence on the detection result by the change in the surrounding environment is suppressed.
However, the surrounding environment of the grammage detection sensor changes even in mid-course of image formation on plural sheets of the recording materials. In particular, in a case where the images are continuously formed on both surfaces of the plural sheets of the recording materials, the recording material that has once passed through a fixing device to be warmed up passes through in the vicinity of the sensor again, and therefore a temperature in the surrounding of the sensor is increased. When the temperature in the surrounding of the sensor is increased, the result of the ultrasonic wave reception is changed, and therefore the grammage of the recording material may be wrongly detected in some cases.
The present invention provides a grammage detection sensor that can accurately detect a grammage of a recording material irrespective of a change in a surrounding environment even in a case where images are continuously formed on plural sheets of the recording materials.
A grammage detection sensor according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a transmission unit configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave; a reception unit configured to receive the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission unit; and a control unit configured to detect a grammage of a recording material, when a plurality of recording materials are continuously conveyed between the transmission unit and the reception unit, on the basis of a first ultrasonic wave received by the reception unit after the ultrasonic wave is transmitted by the transmission unit between a preceding recording material and a recording material following the preceding recording material, and a second ultrasonic wave received via a recording material by the reception unit after the ultrasonic wave is transmitted by the transmission unit.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention to those embodiments.
A grammage detection sensor according to the present exemplary embodiment can be used, for example, in an image forming apparatus such as a copier or a printer.
An image forming apparatus 1 in
Next, an image forming operation of the image forming apparatus 1 will be described. A CPU 80 is mounted to the image formation control unit 3 and collectively controls the image forming operation of the image forming apparatus 1. An image formation command or image data is input to the image formation control unit 3 from a host computer or the like (not illustrated). Then, the image forming apparatus 1 starts the image forming operation, and the recording material P is supplied from the supply cassette 2 by the supply roller 4. The recording material P supplied from the supply cassette 2 by the supply roller 4 is conveyed by the conveying roller 5 and the opposing roller 6 for the conveyance and detected by a registration sensor 40. The recording material P detected by the registration sensor 40 is conveyed by the conveying roller 5 and the opposing roller 6 towards a nip portion (not illustrated) formed by the secondary transfer roller 19 and the opposing roller 20 for the secondary-transfer such that a timing is matched with the image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 17. Along with the operation of supplying the recording material P from the supply cassette 2, the photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K are charged at a constant potential by the charging rollers 12Y, 12M, 12C, and 12K. Then, the optical units 13Y, 13M, 13C, and 13K expose surfaces of the charged photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K with laser beam in accordance with the input image data to form electrostatic latent images. Development is performed by the developing units 14Y, 14M, 14C, and 14K and the developer conveying rollers 15Y, 15M, 15C, and 15K to visualize the formed electrostatic latent images. The electrostatic latent images formed on the surfaces of the photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K are developed in the respective colors by the developing units 14Y, 14M, 14C, and 14K. Each of the photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K is in contact with the intermediate transfer belt 17 and rotates in synchronism with the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 17. The developed images in the respective colors are sequentially transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 17 by the primary transfer rollers 16Y, 16M, 16C, and 16K. Then, the image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 17 is secondarily transferred onto the recording material P by the secondary transfer roller 19 and the opposing roller 20 for the secondary-transfer. The image transferred onto the recording material P is heated and pressurized to be fixed by the fixing unit 21 constituted by a fixing roller or the like. The developer remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 17 without being transferred onto the recording material P is cleaned by a cleaning unit 36.
In a case where the image formation is not performed on a back surface of the recording material P, the recording material P on which the image has been fixed is guided by the flapper 91 to a conveyance path where the discharge roller 22 is provided and is then discharged to a discharge tray 26. This conveyance path is indicated by a solid line in
Next, the grammage detection sensor 90 will be described. A grammage mentioned herein is a mass per unit area of the recording material P, and the unit is represented by [g/m2]. In the image forming apparatus 1 of
The transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 have similar configurations and are constituted by a piezoelectric element corresponding to an inter-conversion element of a mechanical displacement and an electric signal, and an electrode terminal. In the transmission unit 31, when a pulse voltage at a predetermined frequency is input to the electrode terminal, the piezoelectric element oscillates, and an acoustic wave is generated. In a case where the recording material P exists in mid-course, the generated acoustic wave travels through the air and reaches the recording material P. When the acoustic wave reaches the recording material P, the recording material P oscillates by the acoustic wave. Since the recording material P oscillates, the acoustic wave is transmitted, and further, the acoustic wave travels through the air and reaches the reception unit 32. In this manner, the acoustic wave transmitted from the transmission unit 31 attenuates via the recording material P and reaches the reception unit 32. The piezoelectric element of the reception unit 32 outputs a voltage value in accordance with an amplitude of the received acoustic wave to the electrode terminal. This is the operation principle in a case where the ultrasonic wave is transmitted and received by using the piezoelectric elements.
Next, a detection method for the grammage of the recording material P by using the grammage detection sensor 90 will be described with reference to a block diagram of
A signal indicating measurement start is input to a drive signal control unit 341 from the control unit 60. When the drive signal control unit 341 receives the input signal, the drive signal control unit 341 instructs a drive signal generation unit 331 to generate a drive signal to transmit an ultrasonic wave at a predetermined frequency. The drive signal generation unit 331 generates and outputs a signal having a previously set frequency.
Subsequently, the peak detection operation will be described in detail.
Next, an influence on a detection accuracy for the grammage by a surrounding environment (for example, a barometric pressure or a temperature) of the sensor and a correction method will be described. First, the influence by the change in the surrounding temperature will be described by using
τ=Vp/Va Expression (1)
Herein, the peak value Vp when the paper is present and the peak value Va when the paper is absent are respectively detected in states where the surrounding temperature is changed (0° C., 20° C., 40° C., and 60° C.). First, a reason why the calculation coefficient τ described above is obtained will be described. In a manufacturing process of the grammage detection sensor 90, the positions of the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 may be fluctuated with respect to the recording material P corresponding to the detection target. In addition, when the grammage detection sensor 90 is mounted to a main body of the apparatus too, the positions of the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 may be fluctuated in some cases. When the positions of the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 are changed, the peak value or the like output from the reception unit 32 is changed. In the above-described case, if the grammage of the recording material P is detected only from the peak value Vp when the paper is present, different detection results for the grammage may be output from different sensors even when the same recording material P is detected. For that reason, while the calculation coefficient τ is obtained and compared with the peak value when the paper is absent which has been detected by the same sensor, the influence by the position of the sensor is suppressed. Considerations will be given of a case where the grammage of the paper is detected by using this calculation coefficient when the surrounding temperature is changed.
For example, the grammage of the paper where the calculation coefficient τ indicates a value of 0.0325 in an environment having a surrounding temperature of 40° C. is detected as 100 [g/m2]. On the other hand, the grammage of the paper where the calculation coefficient τ indicates a value of 0.0325 in an environment having the surrounding temperature of 20° C. is detected as 105 [g/m2]. For that reason, if the correction is not performed in accordance with the surrounding temperature, the paper having the grammage of 100 [g/m2] is wrongly detected as the paper having the grammage of 105 [g/m2]. In this manner, a reason why the grammage detection sensor 90 functioning as the ultrasonic wave sensor is affected by the change in the surrounding temperature is related to an air density. For example, when the temperature in the surrounding of the sensor is increased, the air expands to decrease the air density, and it becomes more difficult for the ultrasonic wave to transmit. On the other hand, when the temperature is decreased, the air contracts to increase the air density, and it becomes easier for the ultrasonic wave to transmit. That is, a difficulty for the transmission of the sound (acoustic impedance) is changed by the surrounding temperature.
A change in the acoustic impedance also occurs in a case where the surrounding barometric pressure is changed.
Since an output of the grammage detection sensor functioning as the ultrasonic wave sensor is proportional to the acoustic impedance, the change in the surrounding environment can be detected and corrected from the ratio of the output values before and after the surrounding environment is changed. As a specific method, first, the detection is performed in the state where the paper is absent in an environment where the surrounding barometric pressure or the temperature is previously found such as a time of factory shipment, and the measured peak value is stored in the storage unit 346 or the like as a reference peak value. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the environment where the reference peak value is measured is set as 20° C. and 1 [atm]. Next, when the surrounding environment may be changed after the shipment, the detection is similarly performed in the state where the paper is absent. While a ratio of the measured peak value to the reference peak value is set as a correction coefficient, it is possible to correct the calculation coefficient. This calculation coefficient is set as environment correction coefficient α. When the paper absent peak value functioning as a reference is set as Va0, the environment correction coefficient α is represented as follows.
α=Va/Va0 Expression (2)
The calculation coefficient τr at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is represented by the following expression.
τr=τ/α Expression (3)
In this manner, with the application of the correction by the environment correction coefficient α, the calculation coefficient at 20° C. and 1 atm can be obtained irrespective of the change in the surrounding environment, and the accurate grammage can be detected.
Next, an image forming method according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described by using flow charts of
The CPU 80 first resets the sheet number n to 1 after the image formation is started (S101). Subsequently, the grammage detection sensor 90 obtains the peak value by the above-described peak detection operation in the state where the paper is absent. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals, and an average value is set as a paper absent data Va1 (S102). Next, the paper absent data Va1 is divided by the reference data Va0 at the time of the factory shipment which is stored in the storage unit 346 to calculate the environment correction coefficient α1 (S103). Subsequently, the CPU 80 supplies the recording material P1 from the supply cassette 2 (S104) and obtains the paper present data by performing the peak detection operation at a predetermined timing after the recording material P1 has reached the grammage detection sensor 90. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during a period from when a leading edge of the recording material P1 (edge part on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the recording material P1) passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material P1 reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals similarly as in S102, and the average value is set as the paper present data Vp1 (S105). Thereafter, the CPU 80 temporarily stops the recording material P1 (S106). Subsequently, a calculation coefficient τr1 normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] by using Expression (4) is calculated (S107), and a conveyance speed of the recording material, a fixing temperature Temp—1, and a transfer voltage value T1 are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τr1 (S108). It is noted that according to the present exemplary embodiment, the recording material P1 is temporarily stopped to be ready for coping with a case where the conveyance speed of the recording material P1 is changed.
τr1=Vp1/Va1×1/α1 Expression (4)
After the conditions are changed to the calculated conveyance speed, the fixing temperature, and the transfer voltage value, the CPU 80 conveys the recording material P1 again to perform the image formation (S109). The CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material in parallel with the image forming operation in S109 (S110). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the sheet number n is incremented (S111). The peak detection operation is performed during a period from when the recording material Pn−1 passes through the grammage detection sensor 90 until when the following recording material Pn reaches (hereinafter, will be referred to as paper absent period). In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the time period from when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the leading edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, by calculating the average value by performing the peak detection operation 10 times at 10 ms intervals, the paper absent data Van is obtained during the paper absent period (S112). Next, the environment correction coefficient αn is calculated by diving the paper absent data Van by the reference data Va0 at the time of the factory shipment which is stored in the storage unit 346 (S113). The peak detection operation is performed at a predetermined timing after the recording material Pn reaches the grammage detection sensor 90 to obtain the paper present data. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the time period from when the leading edge of the recording material Pn passes the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is similarly performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals as in S105, and the average value is set as the paper present data Vpn (S114). Subsequently, a calculation coefficient τrn normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is calculated by using Expression (5) (S115), and a fixing temperature Temp_n and a transfer voltage value Tn are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τrn (S116).
τrn=Vpn/Van×1/αn Expression (5)
After the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the fixing unit 21, the CPU 80 changes the fixing temperature to Temp_n and changes the transfer voltage value to Tn to perform the image formation (S117). The CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material in parallel with the image forming operation in S117 (S118). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the flow returns to S111, and the image formation is continued until when the following recording material becomes absent.
In a case where the images are continuously formed on the plural sheets of the recording materials by performing the above-described operation, even when the surrounding environment is changed, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material. In addition, it is possible to set the image forming conditions such as the optimal transfer condition and fixing condition for the second and subsequent recording materials.
In particular, even if the temperature in the surrounding of the grammage detection sensor 90 is increased when the images are continuously formed on both sides of the plural sheets of the recording materials, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material.
In addition, according to the present exemplary embodiment, the environment correction coefficient αn is calculated by comparing the data Van detected during the paper absent period between the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 and the leading edge of the recording material Pn with the reference paper absent data Va0. However, the configuration is not limited to the above. A table in which the paper absent data Van and the environment correction coefficient αn are associated with each other is previously stored in the storage unit 346, and the environment correction coefficient αn may be directly obtained from the paper absent data Van on the basis of the table. This table is set at the time of the factory shipment or the like in accordance with the configuration of the grammage detection sensor 90. In addition, the correspondence relationship between Van and αn is set while a case where the environment correction coefficient is set as 1 with respect to the reference paper absent data Va0 is used as a reference.
According to the first exemplary embodiment, the configuration has been described in which the paper absent data Van during the paper absent period is obtained by calculating the average value by performing the peak detection operation 10 times at 10 ms intervals. However, in a case where the paper absent period is short, the peak detection operation may not be performed 10 times in some cases. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the case where the paper absent period is short is supposed, and a configuration in which the peak detection operation can be executed only up to 3 times during the paper absent period will be described. Descriptions on main parts are similar to the first exemplary embodiment, and only parts different from the first exemplary embodiment will be described here.
The image forming operation according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described by using flow charts of
The CPU 80 first resets the sheet number n to 1 after the image formation is started (S201). Subsequently, the grammage detection sensor 90 obtains the peak value by the above-described peak detection operation in the state where the paper is absent. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals, and the average value is set as the paper absent data Va1 (S202). Va1 is saved in the storage unit 346 as VaAVE—1 (S203). Next, the paper absent data Va1 is divided by the reference data Va0 at the time of the factory shipment which is stored in the storage unit 346 to calculate the environment correction coefficient α1 (S204). Subsequently, the CPU 80 supplies the recording material P1 from the supply cassette 2 (S205) and obtains the paper present data by performing the peak detection operation at a predetermined timing after the recording material P1 has reached the grammage detection sensor 90. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during a period from when the leading edge of the recording material P1 passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material P1 reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals similarly as in S202, and the average value is set as the paper present data Vp1 (S206). Thereafter, the CPU 80 temporarily stops the recording material P1 (S207). Subsequently, the calculation coefficient τr1 normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is calculated by using Expression (6) (S208), and the conveyance speed of the recording material, the fixing temperature Temp—1, and the transfer voltage value T1 are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τr1 (S209).
τr1=Vp1/Va1×1/α1 Expression (6)
After the conditions are changed to the calculated conveyance speed of the recording material, the fixing temperature, and the transfer voltage value, the CPU 80 conveys the recording material P1 again to perform the image formation (S210). The CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material in parallel with the image forming operation in S210 (S211). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the sheet number n is incremented (S212), and the peak detection operation is performed during the paper absent period. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the period from when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the leading edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 3 times at 10 ms intervals to calculate the average value to obtain the paper absent data Van (S213). Next, the paper absent data VaAVE_n is calculated by using Expression (7) (S214).
VaAVE
—n=(VaAVE—n−1+Van)/2 Expression (7)
Next, the environment correction coefficient an is calculated by dividing the paper absent data VaAVE_n by the reference data Va0 at the time of the factory shipment stored in the storage unit 346 (S215). The peak detection operation is performed at a predetermined timing after the recording material Pn reaches the grammage detection sensor 90 to obtain the paper present data. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the period from when the leading edge of the recording material Pn passes the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is similarly performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals as in S205, and the average value is set as the paper present data Vpn (S216). Subsequently, the calculation coefficient τrn normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is calculated by using Expression (8) (S217), and the fixing temperature Temp_n and the transfer voltage value Tn are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τrn (S218).
τrn=Vpn/VaAVE—n×1/αn Expression (8)
After the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the fixing unit 21, the CPU 80 changes the fixing temperature to Temp_n and changes the transfer voltage value to Tn to perform the image formation (S219). The CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material in parallel with the image forming operation in S219 (S220). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the flow returns to S212, and the image formation is continued until when the following recording material becomes absent.
When the above-described operation is performed, even in a case where the sufficient paper absent data cannot be obtained in the single paper absent period because the paper absent period is short, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material. In addition, it is possible to set the image forming conditions such as the optimal transfer condition and fixing condition for the second and subsequent recording materials.
In addition, the calculation expression for calculating VaAVE_n is not limited to Expression (7) according to the present exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in Expression (9), a weighting average value in accordance with the number of pieces of data may be calculated.
VaAVE
—
n=(n1×VaAVE—n−1+n2×Van)/(n1+n2) Expression (9)
Where, in Expression (9), n1 denotes the number of pieces of data obtained by performing the peak detection operation by the time when the previous paper absent data VaAVE_n−1 is obtained. In addition, n2 denotes the number of pieces of data obtained by performing the peak detection operation this time. For example, n=2 is assigned to Expression (9), and VaAVE_2=(n1×VaAVE_1+n2×Va2)/(n1+n2)=(20×Va1+3×Va2)/23 is established.
Thus, it is possible to calculate the number of pieces of data in accordance with the accurate paper absent data.
According to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment, the data obtainment in the reference environment and the environment when the grammage detection is performed is performed in a state where the pulse voltages input to the transmission unit 31 are equal to each other. Then, the grammage calculation is performed while a ratio of the paper absent peak values in the respective environments is set as the environment correction coefficient α. According to the present exemplary embodiment, a method of correcting the influence by the change in the surrounding environment by changing the pulse voltage of the drive signal in accordance with the surrounding environment will be described. Descriptions on main parts are similar to the first exemplary embodiment, and only parts different from the first exemplary embodiment will be described here.
First, a reference paper absent peak value obtained by an input pulse voltage Vi0 under the reference environment is set as Va0. Then, a paper absent peak value obtained by the input pulse voltage Vi0 under the environment at the time of the grammage detection is set as Va1. The sensor control unit 30 adjusts the input pulse voltage such that the value Va of the obtained peak value becomes equal to the reference paper absent peak value Va0 under the environment at the time of the grammage detection. As described in the first exemplary embodiment, the ultrasonic wave is generated since the piezoelectric element of the transmission unit 31 oscillates by the input pulse voltage, and the amplitude level of the ultrasonic wave is thus proportional to the input pulse voltage. Therefore, when the input pulse voltage adjusted so as to establish Va=Va0 is set as Vi1, the ratio of Vi0 and Vi1 is equal to the ratio of Va1 and Va0 in Expression (2). Therefore, the following expression is obtained from Expression (2).
Vi0/Vi1=Va1/Va0=α Expression (10)
The measurement of the paper present peak value Vp is performed by the adjusted input pulse voltage Vi1, and the calculation coefficient τ is calculated by Expression (1). Then, from Expression (3) and Expression (10), the calculation coefficient it after the environment correction can be obtained by the following expression.
τr=τ/(Vi0/Vi1) Expression (11)
As described above, according to the present exemplary embodiment, the pulse voltage input to the transmission unit 31 is adjusted such that the value Va of the paper absent peak value obtained under the environment at the time of the grammage detection becomes equal to the reference paper absent peak value Va0. Accordingly, even when the surrounding environment is changed, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material. In addition, it is possible to set the image forming conditions such as the optimal transfer condition and fixing condition for the second and subsequent recording materials.
According to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the paper absent peak values in the reference environment and the environment when the grammage detection is performed is set as the environment correction coefficient α, and the change in the surrounding environment is detected to perform the correction. However, in a case where the images are continuously formed on the plural sheets of the recording materials, the barometric pressure in the surrounding of the sensor is not likely to change in mid-course. Therefore, according to the present exemplary embodiment, a configuration for detecting and correcting a change in the temperature in the surrounding of the sensor will be described. Descriptions on main parts are similar to the first exemplary embodiment, and only parts different from the first exemplary embodiment will be described here.
As illustrated in
v=331.5+0.607k [m/s] (k: Celsius temperature [° C.]) Expression (12)
When a distance between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 is set as d, a counter frequency of the timer 345 is set as f, and a count value of the timer 345 at the time of the peak detection is set as t, the speed of the ultrasonic wave at the time of the measurement (acoustic velocity) v is obtained from Expression (13).
v=d/(t/f) Expression (13)
According to the present exemplary embodiment, d=9 [mm] and f=3 [MHz] are set.
An acoustic velocity in an environment when the grammage detection is executed at the time of the start of the image formation to obtain the paper absent data Va1 is set as v1, and a surrounding temperature is set as Tk1. When an acoustic velocity in an environment when the grammage detection is executed during the paper absent period to obtain the paper absent data Van is set as vn, and a surrounding temperature is set as Tkn, a relationship as represented by Expression (14) is established. For that reason, the change in the surrounding temperature Tkn−Tk1 can be obtained from Expression (15).
vn−v1=(331.5+0.607×Tkn)−(331.5+0.607×Tk1)=0.607×(Tkn−Tk1) Expression (14)
(Tkn−Tk1)=(vn−v1)/0.607 Expression (15)
On the other hand, an amount of change in the calculation coefficient τ accompanied by the change in the temperature can be obtained by way of experiment. For example, in
The image forming operation according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described by using flow charts of
The CPU 80 first resets the sheet number n to 1 after the image formation is started (S301). Subsequently, the grammage detection sensor 90 obtains the peak value by the above-described peak detection operation in the state where the paper is absent. At this time, the count values at the time of the detection of the respective peak values are also obtained. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals, and an average value of the peak values is set as the paper absent data Va1. Then, an average value of the count values is set as ta1 (S302). The acoustic velocity v1 is calculated from the count value ta1 by using Expression (13) (S303). Next, the environment correction coefficient α1 is calculated by dividing the paper absent data Va1 by the reference data Va0 at the time of the factory shipment which is stored in the storage unit 346 (S304). Subsequently, the CPU 80 supplies the recording material P1 from the supply cassette 2 (S305) and obtains the paper present data by performing the peak detection operation at a predetermined timing after the recording material P1 has reached the grammage detection sensor 90. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during a period from when the leading edge of the recording material P1 passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material P1 reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is similarly performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals as in S302, and the average value of the peak values is set as the paper present data Vp1 (S306). Thereafter, the CPU 80 temporarily stops the recording material P1 (S307). Subsequently, the calculation coefficient τr1 normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is calculated by using Expression (16) (S308), and the conveyance speed of the recording material, the fixing temperature Temp—1, and the transfer voltage value T1 are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τr1 (S309).
τr1=Vp1/Va1×1/α1 Expression (16)
After the conditions are changed to the calculated conveyance speed of the recording material, the fixing temperature, and the transfer voltage value, the CPU 80 conveys the recording material P1 again to perform the image formation (S310). The CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material in parallel with the image forming operation in S310 (S311). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the sheet number n is incremented (S312), and the peak detection operation is performed during the paper absent period. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the period from when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the leading edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is performed 10 times at 10 ms intervals to calculate the average value of the peak values, so that the paper absent data Van is obtained during the paper absent period. At this time, the average value of the count values tan is also obtained from the count values at the time of the detection of the respective peak values (S313). In addition, the acoustic velocity vn is calculated from the count value tan by using Expression (13) (S314), and the change in the surrounding temperature is calculated by using Expression (15) (S315).
Subsequently, the peak detection operation is performed at a predetermined timing after the recording material Pn reaches the grammage detection sensor 90 to obtain the paper present data. In more detail, the peak detection operation is performed during the period from when the leading edge of the recording material Pn passes the detection position 200 between the transmission unit 31 and the reception unit 32 until when the trailing edge of the recording material Pn reaches the detection position 200. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the peak detection operation is similarly performed 20 times at 10 ms intervals as in S306, and the average value of the peak values is set as the paper present data Vpn (S316). Subsequently, the calculation coefficient τrn normalized at 20° C. and 1 [atm] is calculated by using Expression (17) (S317), and the fixing temperature Temp_n and the transfer voltage value Tn are calculated from the calculated calculation coefficient τrn (S318).
τrn=Vpn/Van×1/α1×[1−0.003×(Tkn−Tk1)] Expression (17)
After the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 passes through the fixing unit 21, the CPU 80 changes the fixing temperature to Temp_n and changes the transfer voltage value to Tn to perform the image formation (S319). In parallel with the image forming operation in S320, the CPU 80 checks the presence or absence of the following recording material (S320). In a case where the following recording material is absent, the image formation is ended for no further operation. On the other hand, in a case where the following recording material is present, the flow returns to S312, and the image formation is continued until when the following recording material becomes absent.
In a case where the images are continuously formed on the plural sheets of the recording materials by performing the above-described operation, even when the surrounding temperature is changed, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material. In addition, it is possible to set the image forming conditions such as the optimal transfer condition and fixing condition for the second and subsequent recording materials.
According to the above-described exemplary embodiment, the control of detecting the grammage of the recording material Pn by using the data detected during the paper absent period between the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 and the leading edge of the recording material Pn has been described. However, the configuration is not limited to the above. For example, the grammage of the recording material Pn+1 supplied after the recording material Pn may be detected by using the data detected during the paper absent period between the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 and the leading edge of the recording material Pn. That is, feedback to the detection result of any of the recording materials following the recording material Pn may be performed. Alternatively, the grammage of the recording material Pn−1 may be detected by using the data detected during the paper absent period between the trailing edge of the recording material Pn−1 and the leading edge of the recording material Pn. That is, feedback to the detection result of any of the recording materials preceding the recording material Pn may be performed. This control is effective in a configuration, for example, where a time period from when the grammage of the recording material Pn is detected by the grammage detection sensor 90 until when the image is formed on the recording material Pn is long. In a case where the images are continuously formed on the plural sheets of the recording materials by performing the above-described operation, even when the surrounding environment is changed, it is possible to accurately detect the grammage of the recording material. In addition, it is possible to set the image forming conditions such as the optimal transfer condition and fixing condition for the second and subsequent recording materials.
In addition, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, a sensor configured to detect the leading edge and the trailing edge of the recording material P may be arranged on the upstream side in the conveyance direction of the recording material P with respect to the grammage detection sensor 90. This sensor includes, for example, the registration sensor 40 arranged on the upstream side with respect to the grammage detection sensor 90 and on the downstream side with respect to the nip portion (not illustrated) formed by the conveying roller 5 and the opposing roller 6 for the conveyance. The registration sensor 40 can detect the paper absent period by measuring a time period from when the trailing edge of the previously conveyed first recording material is detected until when the leading edge of the subsequently conveyed second recording material is detected by the timer included in the image formation control unit 3. Then, the number of times when the peak detection operation is performed may be changed on the basis of the detected paper absent period. That is, in a case where the paper absent period is long, the number of times when the peak detection operation is performed may be increased, and in a case where the paper absent period is short, the number of times when the peak detection operation is performed may be decreased. In addition, the registration sensor 40 also operates as a timing determination unit configured to determine a timing when transmission and reception operation of the ultrasonic wave by the grammage detection sensor 90 is performed.
When the first recording material is supplied from the supply cassette 2 by the supply roller 4, the following second recording material may be brought out together. In this case, the paper absent period between the first recording material and the second recording material is shorter than usual. Then, in a case where the paper absent period is shorter than a predetermined threshold, the peak detection operation cannot be performed even once in some cases. In the above-described case, the grammage of the recording material to be conveyed next may be detected by using the previous paper absent data. For example, in a case where the peak detection operation cannot be performed since the paper absent period between the second sheet and the third sheet is shorter than the predetermined threshold, the grammage of the third sheet is detected by using the paper absent data obtained during the paper absent period between the first sheet and the second sheet. This processing is not limited to the case where the peak detection operation cannot be performed even once. The processing may be applied to a case where the peak detection operation cannot be performed the number of times for calculating the accurate paper absent data (for example, 10 times).
In addition, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, a case where the images are continuously formed on the plural sheets of the recording materials refers to the following state. For example, this refers to a case where during a period from when the image is formed on the first recording material until when the image is formed on the second recording material, an ending operation (post-rotation operation) of the member related to the image formation such as the fixing unit 21 is not performed.
In addition, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, the configuration in which the recording material P1 corresponding to the first sheet is temporarily stopped has been described. However, the image formation may be performed without stopping the recording material P1.
In addition, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, the configuration in which the grammage detection sensor 90 is provided while being fixed to the image forming apparatus 1 has been adopted, but the grammage detection sensor 90 may be configured to be detachably attached to the image forming apparatus 1. When the grammage detection sensor 90 is configured to be detachably attached, for example, the user may easily replace the grammage detection sensor 90 in a case where the grammage detection sensor 90 malfunctions.
In addition, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, the grammage detection sensor 90 and the control unit such as the sensor control unit 30 or the CPU 80 may be integrated with each other and configured to be detachably attached to the image forming apparatus 1. In this manner, if the grammage detection sensor 90 and the control unit can be integrated with each other to be replaceable, in a case where a function of the grammage detection sensor 90 is updated or added, the user can easily replace the sensor with a sensor having the new function.
Furthermore, according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, the example of the laser beam printer has been illustrated, but the image forming apparatus to which the present invention is applied is not limited to this. A printer of another printing system such as an ink jet printer or a copier may also be used.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-262773, filed Dec. 19, 2013, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-238974, filed Nov. 26, 2014 which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-262773 | Dec 2013 | JP | national |
| 2014-238974 | Nov 2014 | JP | national |
