Patent Application
20250086852
This disclosure claims the priority of a Chinese patent application No. 202210751949.X filed in China Patent Office on Jun. 28, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a green screen matting method, apparatus and electronic device.
Green screen matting generally includes two parts: matting to obtain foreground alpha, and foreground de-greening. The purpose of obtaining foreground alpha is to separate the foreground from the background. Foreground de-greening mainly performs de-greening for green reflections at semi-transparent areas, segmented edges and foreground objects, so as to superimpose other backgrounds for material synthesis. At present, some adjustment parameters are used in the process of green screen matting, and such adjustment parameters are often applied in a global scope, however, due to uneven illumination and uneven green screen, etc., different areas in the image often have different requirements for these adjustment parameters. Therefore, in the process of green screen matting, a case in which the adjustment parameters are used as global parameters has limitations, which leads to poor matting accuracy when the green screen matting is performed for a partial scence, so that a finally obtained foreground image is inaccurate.
To solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a green screen matting method, apparatus and electronic device, which can determine, based on pixels in an image, corresponding transparency adjustment parameters, determine a target opacity map for a foreground image, and determine the foreground image based on the target opacity map. Therefore, the green screen matting method can be used to calculate the accurate foreground image in any scene.
To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is as follows:
In a first aspect, a green screen matting method is provided, which comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transparency adjustment parameters comprise foreground adjustment parameters and/or background adjustment parameters.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the determining a target opacity map for the foreground image in the first image, based on the transparency adjustment parameters for the at least part of pixels and center color distances of the at least part of pixels comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the calculating the foreground image based on the target opacity map and a color value of the first image comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the acquiring a fusion opaque coefficient comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, before inputting the first image into a target parameter prediction model, and acquiring a target parameter map based on the target parameter prediction model, the method further comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the training an initial parameter prediction model based on sample information to obtain the target parameter prediction model comprises:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the modifying the initial parameter prediction model based on the target loss function includes:
In a second aspect, there is provided a green screen matting apparatus, comprising: an acquisition module configured to acquire a first image;
In a third aspect, it is provided an electronic device, which comprises a processor and a memory on which computer programs are stored, wherein the computer programs, when executed by the processor, implement the green screen matting method according to the first aspect or any embodiment of the present disclosure.
In a fourth aspect, it is provided a computer-readable storage medium having computer programs stored thereon, that, when executed by a processor, implement the green screen matting method according to the first aspect or any embodiment of the present disclosure.
In a fifth aspect, it is provided a computer program product comprising computer programs or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the green screen matting method according to the first aspect or any embodiment of the present disclosure.
In a sixth aspect, it is provided a computer program including program codes that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to implement the green screen matting method according to the first aspect or any embodiment of the present disclosure.
The green screen matting method provided by embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the following steps: acquiring a first image; inputting the first image into a target parameter prediction model, and acquiring a target parameter map based on the target parameter prediction model, wherein the target parameter map comprises transparency adjustment parameters for at least part of pixels in the first image; determining a target opacity map for the foreground image in the first image, based on the transparency adjustment parameters for the at least part of pixels and center color distances of the at least part of pixels; calculating the foreground image based on the target opacity map and a color value of the first image. By means of the solution, in the process of acquiring the opacity map of the foreground image, the transparency adjustment parameters for at least part of pixels in the first image can be first obtained through the target parameter prediction model, so that even for the images with uneven illumination and uneven green screen, since local parameters (transparency adjustment parameters) are determined based on the pixels, the opacity map of the foreground image is determined based on these local parameters, and then the foreground image of the first image is calculated based on the opacity map of the foreground image and the color value of the first image, so that an accurate foreground image can be calculated in any scence by means of the green screen matting method.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.
In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of this disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those ordinary skilled in the field, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative effort.
In order to better understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure, the solution of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present disclosure, but the present disclosure can also be implemented in other ways than those described here; Obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of this disclosure, but not all of them.
At present, some adjustment parameters are used in the process of green screen matting, and such adjustment parameters are often applied in a global scope, however, due to uneven illumination and uneven green screen, etc., different areas in the image often have different requirements for these adjustment parameters. Therefore, in the process of green screen matting, a case in which the adjustment parameters are used as global parameters has limitations, which leads to poor matting accuracy when the green screen matting is performed for a partial scence, so that a finally obtained foreground image is inaccurate.
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a green screen matting method. In the process of acquiring an opacity map of the foreground image, transparency adjustment parameters for at least part of pixels in a first image can be first obtained through a target parameter prediction model, so that even for the images with uneven illumination and uneven green screen, since local parameters (transparency adjustment parameters) are determined based on the pixels, the opacity map of the foreground image is determined based on these local parameters, and then the foreground image of the first image is calculated based on the opacity map of the foreground image and the color value of the first image, so that an accurate foreground image can be calculated in any scence by means of the green screen matting method.
The green screen matting method according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized by an electronic device or a green screen matting apparatus, and the green screen matting apparatus can be a functional module or a functional entity in the electronic device used for realizing the green screen matting method.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned electronic devices may include mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, palm computers, vehicle-mounted terminals, wearable devices, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), personal digital assistant (PDAs), personal computers (PCs), etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in
The first image can be any green screen image.
Wherein the target parameter map comprises transparency adjustment parameters for at least part of pixels in the first image. The above target parameter prediction model is a convolution neural network model.
In some embodiments, the transparency adjustment parameters include background adjustment parameters and/or foreground adjustment parameters.
The embodiments of the present disclosure provide two opacity calculation ways.
One way is that the alpha of the foreground image is equal to the product of a target difference and a global matting smoothness parameter, where the target difference is the difference between the center color distance of the pixel and a global matting intensity parameter, and the global matting smoothness parameter can be interpreted as the transparency adjustment parameter in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Another way is that the alpha of the foreground image is equal to the ratio of a first difference and the second difference, the first difference is the difference between the center color distance of the pixel and a background adjustment parameter (hereinafter, it can be expressed as t1), and the second difference is the difference between the foreground adjustment parameter (hereinafter, it can be expressed as t2) and the background adjustment parameter. Among them, the background adjustment parameter is the color limit range for pure background, and the foreground adjustment parameter is the color limit range for pure foreground.
As shown in
t1 is equal to the ratio of a first vector inner product to the center color distance, and t2 is equal to the ratio of a second vector inner product to the center color distance;
The above t1 and/or t2 may refer to transparency adjustment parameters according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
To calculate an accurate opacity map for the foreground image, it is necessary to determine an accurate parameter map first. For example, it is necessary to determine an accurate parameter map, such as an accurate parameter map for s, or an accurate parameter map for t1 and/or an accurate parameter map for t2.
In the disclosed embodiment, the accurate parameter map can be obtained through the target parameter prediction model, for example, the accurate parameter map for s can be obtained, or the accurate parameter map for t1 and/or the parameter map for t2 can be obtained. Subsequently, the training process of the target parameter prediction model for acquiring the parameter map for t1 and the parameter map for t2 is explained as an example.
In some embodiments, before execution of step 102, an initial parameter prediction model can be trained based on sample information to obtain the target parameter prediction model.
Among them, the sample information includes a plurality of sample images and a first parameter map corresponding to each sample image, wherein the sample images include a foreground image, a background image and a random green screen image; the first parameter map is a parameter map determined based on an UV coordinate vector of the foreground image pixels, an UV coordinate vector of the random green screen image pixels, and center color distances of the pixels; and/or, a parameter map determined based on an UV coordinate vector of the background image pixels, an UV coordinate vector of the random green screen image pixels, and center color distances of the pixels; the random green screen image is obtain based on the alpha of the foreground image (i.e., the opacity map of the foreground image) by fusing color channels of the foreground image and the background image; the background image is obtained by superimposing random green on a real picture.
Through the above sample information, a target parameter prediction model that can predict the target parameter map of the image can be trained, so that in the subsequent image processing process, the transparency adjustment parameters corresponding to at least part of pixels in the image can be quickly obtained.
In some embodiments, the parameter map determined based on an UV coordinate vector of the foreground image pixels, an UV coordinate vector of the random green screen image pixels, and center color distances of the pixels is the parameter map for t2; and/or, the parameter map determined based on an UV coordinate vector of the background image pixels, an UV coordinate vector of the random green screen image pixels, and center color distances of the pixels is the parameter map for t1.
When obtaining the random green screen image, first, random green (that is, random green image) can be superimposed on the real image, to synthesize an uneven green screen image as the background image, and then an image is obtained as the foreground image. Based on the alpha of the foreground image, the color channel of the foreground image and the background image are fused to obtain the synthesized random green screen image. For each synthesized random green screen image, t1 and t2 corresponding to at least part of pixels in the whole image can be set in advance, so as to form the parameter map for t1 and the parameter map for t2 as labels, which can be combined with alpha (the opacity map of foreground image) for training.
The above-mentioned parameter map for t1 can be calculated in advance based on the pixel coordinates of pixels in the background image of the random green screen image (i.e. the above-mentioned uneven green screen image) and the pixel coordinates of pixels in the random green screen image, and the above-mentioned parameter map for t2 can be calculated based on the pixel coordinates of pixels in the foreground image of the random green screen image and the pixel coordinates of pixels in the random green screen image.
Furthermore, the training can be performed based on alpha (the opacity map of foreground image).
An end-to-end training method can be adopted for the initial parameter prediction model, and the initial parameter prediction model can output the parameter map for t1 and the parameter map for t2 during the training process.
In some embodiments, in the process of training the initial parameter prediction model based on the sample information to obtain the target parameter prediction model, the following steps (1) to (4) need to be performed at least once, so as to obtain the target parameter prediction model:
Every time the above step (1) is executed, the target sample image acquired from a plurality of sample images may be different from the sample image acquired last time.
In the case that in the training process, the initial parameter prediction model outputs a parameter map for t1 and/or a parameter map for t2:
The loss function of t1 can be calculated based on the parameter map for t1 output by the initial parameter prediction model and the parameter map for t1 as the label;
The loss function of t2 can be calculated based on the parameter map for t2 output by the initial parameter prediction model and the parameter map for t2 as the label.
In some embodiments, the target loss function comprises a first loss function corresponding to the foreground adjustment parameters (i.e. the loss function for t2); and/or a second loss function corresponding to the background adjustment parameters (i.e. the loss function based on t1). The initial parameter prediction model can be modified based on the loss function of t1 and/or the loss function of t2.
In the above embodiment, by calculating the target loss function to modify the initial parameter prediction model in each training process, the finally obtained target parameter prediction model can output an accurate target parameter map based on the image.
In some embodiments, a first opacity map of the foreground image of the target sample image can be determined based on the output parameter map; a second opacity map of the foreground image of the target sample image can be determined based on the first parameter map corresponding to the target sample image; a third loss function can be determined based on the first opacity map and the second opacity map; and the initial parameter prediction model can be modified based on the target loss function and the third loss function.
Furthermore, during the training process, after the initial parameter prediction model outputs the parameter map for t1, and the parameter map for t2, the predicted alpha can be calculated based on {right arrow over (I)}, the predicted alpha is the first opacity map as mentioned above, and can be expressed as alpha1.
The above-mentioned second opacity map is an opacity map (which can be expressed as alpha2) set for the foreground image of the target sample image as a label, and the alpha loss function (i.e. the above-mentioned third loss function) can be obtained based on alpha1 and alpha2.
In some embodiments, the initial parameter prediction model can be modified based on the third loss function, or based on the target loss function and the third loss function.
Among them, when the initial parameter prediction model is modified based on at least two of the first loss function, the second loss function and the third loss function as mentioned above, the weights can be set for the loss functions, and a total loss function can be obtained by weighted summation based on the weights, and the initial parameter prediction model can be modified based on the total loss function.
The weights for the first loss function, the second loss function and the third loss function can be set according to actual requirements, and are not limited in the embodiments of this disclosure. For example, the ratio of weights for the first loss function, the second loss function and the third loss function may be 1:1:1.
In the above embodiment, the initial parameter prediction model can be modified based on both of the target loss function and the third loss function, which can ensure that the final target parameter prediction model can output an accurate target parameter map based on the image, and an accurate opacity map of the foreground image can be calculated based on the output target parameter map.
In some embodiments, the target parameter map can be directly obtained by the target parameter prediction model. In an implementation manner, the first image can be input into the target parameter prediction model, so that the target parameter map output by the target parameter preset model can be acquired.
Usually, the distribution of transparency adjustment parameters in the target parameter map obtained with respect to the images in the green screen scene is gentle, so the target parameter map is insensitive to size scaling. Therefore, before the image is input into the target parameter prediction model, the original image can be downsampled to obtain a smaller-sized image, and then a target parameter map with smaller size (i.e., lower resolution) can be output through the above target parameter prediction model, and then be size-scaled to obtain a target parameter map with larger size (i.e., higher resolution). Then, alpha with high accuracy can be calculated based on the target parameter map with larger size. When the target parameter prediction model is a convolutional neural network, the calculation time of the target parameter prediction model has a strong correlation with the size scaling of the image. Therefore, by processing the smaller-sized image, it can achieve smaller output, faster calculation and no loss of obvious details.
It should be noted that the first image in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be an original image, or may refer to an image obtained after downsampling the original image.
Among them, the center color distance is determined based the color values of pixels and the central color, and the central color refers to green color.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the target opacity map for the foreground image in the first image is calculated based on the transparency adjustment parameters for the at least part of pixels and center color distances of the at least part of pixels.
For each pixel in at least part of pixels in the first image, the opacity value of the foreground image for each pixel in at least part of pixels in the first image can be calculated based on the transparency adjustment parameters (t1 and/or t2) and the center color distance, that is, the target opacity map for the foreground image can be obtained.
In some embodiments, an initial opacity map for the foreground image in the first image is determined based on the transparency adjustment parameters for the at least part of pixels and center color distances of the at least part of pixels. Then, guide filtering is performed on the initial opacity map by taking a grayscale image of the first image as a guide image, to obtain the target opacity map. In real scenes, UV channels usually have the problems of high-frequency detail information loss and compression image quality loss, etc., so after the target parameter map is obtained based on the model as above, the above-mentioned initial opacity map calculated based on the opacity parameters in the target parameter map will also have such problems of high-frequency detail information loss, etc. Therefore, by performing the guide filtering on the initial parameter image based on the grayscale image of the first image, the grayscale image of the original image input to the above-mentioned target parameter prediction model can be taken as the guide image, so as to increase the details of opacity estimation based on the model, and smoothen the compression noises of the UV channels.
In the green screen matting method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the transparency adjustment parameters for at least part of pixels in the first image can be obtained first by the target parameter prediction model, so that even for images with uneven illumination and uneven green screen, since local parameters (transparency adjustment parameters) are determined based on the pixels, and the target opacity map of the foreground image is determined based on these local parameters, the determined target opacity map of the foreground image can applied to any green scence matting scences, and the calculation result is more accurate.
In some embodiments, in the process of calculating the foreground image based on the target opacity map and the color value of the first image, the background (which can also be referred to as background image) in the first image can be first determined based on the target opacity map, and the color average of each pixel in the background image can be calculated to obtain the background color average. Then, the fusion opaque coefficient can be calculated based on the background color average and the color value of the current pixel. Next, the color value of the foreground image is calculated based on the fusion opaque coefficient, the color value of the first image and the color of the background image.
The color values of the first image include the color values of R channel, G channel and B channel of the first image.
In some embodiments, the manner of calculating the foreground image based on the target opacity map and the color value of the first image can be realized by the following steps 104a to 104b:
In RGB color space, the limit boundary at which green color can be visually perceived can be set as: G=(R+B)/2;
Assuming that the fusion opaque coefficient is represented as alpha*, the first color distance is represented as Dr, and the second color distance is represented as Db, alpha* can be represented as:
In some embodiments, the calculating the color value of the foreground image based on the fusion opaque coefficient, the color value of the first image and the color value of the background image may be: calculating the color value of the foreground image according to the fusion opaque coefficient, the color value of the first image and the color value of the background image.
The color value of the first image is obtained by weighted summation of the color value of the foreground image and the color value of the background image based on the fusion opaque coefficient.
Wherein the color value of the first image is equal to the sum of the first product and the second product, the first product is the product of the fusion opaque coefficient and the color value of the foreground image, and the second product is the product of a difference obtained by 1 minus the fusion opaque coefficient and the color value of the background image.
In the above embodiment, it is considered that in the green screen scene, at green reflections at semi-transparent areas, segmented edges and foreground objects in the foreground image, the fusion opaque coefficient alpha* and its opacity alpha are different, instead of directly calculating the foreground image based on the opacity alpha, the fusion opaque coefficient alpha* is first calculated, and then the foreground image is calculated based on the alpha and color value of the foreground image calculated from alpha*. For such obtained foreground image, de-greening is performed for green reflections at semi-transparent areas, segmented edges and foreground objects, so as to achieve more natural foreground extraction in visual effects, for superimposing other backgrounds for material synthesis.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the process of calculating the target opacity map of the foreground image in the first image and the process of calculating the foreground image belong to pixel-level operations, that is, the above operations are performed for each pixel in at least part of pixels in the image, to obtain the opacity map of the whole foreground image in the first image, and the whole foreground image is calculated.
Wherein the center color distance is determined based on the color value of the pixel and the color value of the center color.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transparency adjustment parameters comprise foreground adjustment parameters and/or background adjustment parameters.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the determination module 603 is specifically configured to: determine an initial opacity map for the foreground image in the first image, based on the transparency adjustment parameters for the at least part of pixels and center color distances of the at least part of pixels; perform guide filtering on the initial opacity map by taking a grayscale image of the first image as a guide image, to obtain the target opacity map.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the matting module 604 is specifically configured to:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the determination module 603 is specifically configured to:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the prediction module 602 is further configured to:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the prediction module 602 is specifically configured to:
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the prediction module 602 is specifically configured to:
It should be noted that the prediction module 602 is illustrated with a dotted line to indicate that the prediction module 602 is optional for the green screen matting apparatus according to the present disclosure, that is, the prediction module can be included in the green screen matting apparatus or outside the green screen matting apparatus, in which case the green screen matting apparatus acquires the prediction model for operation. And even if the prediction module is not included, the concept of the green screen matting apparatus according to the present disclosure is complete, and the aforementioned advantageous technical effects can be achieved.
It should be noted that the above respective modules are only logical modules classified according to specific functions that they implement, and are not used to limit the specific implementation, for example, they can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. In actual implementation, the above respective modules can be realized as separate physical entities, or can be realized by a single entity (e.g., processor (CPU or DSP, etc.), integrated circuit, etc.). In addition, the above-mentioned respective modules being illustrated with dotted lines may indicate that such modules may not actually exist, but the operations/functions that they implement can be implemented by the apparatus or a processing circuit itself.
In addition, although not shown, the apparatus may also include a memory, which may store various kinds of information generated by the apparatus, various modules included in the apparatus in operation, programs and data for operation, data to be transmitted by a communication unit, and the like. The memory can be volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. For example, the memory may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read only memory (ROM) and flash memory. Of course, the memory can also be located outside the apparatus.
As shown in
Generally, the following devices can be connected to the I/O interface 705: an input device 706 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch panel, a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and the like; an output device 707 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator and the like; a storage device 708 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication device 709. The communication device 709 may allow the electronic device 700 to perform wireless or wired communication with other devices so as to exchange data. Although
Particularly, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product, which can include a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program containing program codes for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network via the communication device 709, or installed from the storage device 708 or installed from the ROM 702. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 701, the functions defined in the green screen matting method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be executed.
The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer programs are stored, and the computer programs, when executed by a processor, implement each process of determining the green screen matting method according to the above method embodiments, and the same technical effect can be achieved, which will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
Wherein the computer readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product, which stores a computer program. The computer program, when executed by a processor, implements each process of determining the green screen matting method according to the above method embodiment, and the same technical effect can be achieved, which will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a computer program. The program code included in the computer program, when executed by a computer, implements each process of determining the green screen matting method according to the above method embodiment, and the same technical effect can be achieved, which will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media having computer usable program codes embodied therein.
In this disclosure, the processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuits, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor can be any conventional processor or the like.
In this disclosure, the memory may include the forms of non-permanent memory, random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory in computer-readable media, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of a computer readable medium.
In this disclosure, computer-readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable storage media. The storage medium can realize information storage by any method or technology, and the information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical storage, magnetic cassette, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage or any other non-transmission media, which can be used for storing information accessed by a computing device. According to the definition herein, the computer readable media do not include transitory media, such as modulated data signal and carrier.
It should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as “first” and “second” are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms “include”, “including” or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or equipment that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. Without further limitation, the element defined by the sentence “including a . . . ” does not exclude that there are other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the element.
What has been described above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, so that those skilled in the art can understand or realize the present disclosure. Many modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202210751949.X | Jun 2022 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2023/085016 | 3/30/2023 | WO |
