Patent Application
20250223218
The present invention relates to a silicate glass sheet having grey aesthetics, that provides a wide range of transmission in the visible region while maintaining superior transmission in the near infrared region.
Design and aesthetics are important in many applications of cover glass sheets. In particular, the display market and/or car industry are seeking for a glass sheet of grey aesthetics.
Cover glass sheets are required for the development of autonomous cars, largely relying on LIDAR systems. Today, the trends and demand from the market is to have those LIDAR systems fully integrated in the car for the evident reasons of aesthetic and damage prevention. LIDAR systems are typically mounted behind internal face of one or more of its glazing. The last developments in LIDAR technologies for autonomous cars use near infrared wavelengths, most often around 900, 1050 and 1550 nm. Regular glasses used in automotive (clear, colored, coated, etc) are of soda-lime-silicate type and have the advantages, amongst others, to be highly mechanically, chemically and ageing resistant, with limited costs.
Recently, soda-lime-silicate glasses have therefore been developed to provide significantly higher transmission in the IR region ensuring good performance of the LIDAR system; hiding the unaesthetic element(s) of said system from the outside of the car and preserving the level of intrinsic resistance (mechanical, chemical, ageing) of regular glass, at reasonable costs: PCT publication WO2020/057926A1 describes silicate-type glass compositions comprising specific amounts of total iron, manganese and optionally chromium at specific ratios to provide high IR transmission in the region 1000 nm-2000 nm, especially at wavelengths of interest 1050 nm and 1550 nm, thereby valuable within the context of autonomous cars, in particular those fully integrating LiDAR systems. Other solutions have been provided in PCT publications WO2020/200920A1 and WO2020/200912 describing a glass sheet of silicate-type having compositions based on iron, chromium and cobalt at specific amounts and ratios; to demonstrate high IR transmission at wavelengths of 850 nm, 900 nm and 950 nm compatible with other LIDAR systems and while minimizing the amount of Cr6+ species produced. It has been found however that those glass compositions provide a very low visible transmission and therefore cannot be used in all applications, especially those combining both LIDAR systems and devices using visible light transmission such as displays devices and car mounted head lights and/or do not allow the obtention of cover glass sheet with grey aesthetics without the costly addition of another colorant.
WO2016/202689 proposes a glass composition based on a combination of chromium, cobalt and selenium to provide a transmission in the infrared greater than the transmission in the visible light, combined with a grey aesthetic. However, such composition requires very high amount of selenium to obtain the required transmission in infrared and the neutral color. Such high amount of selenium is to be avoided because of its volatility in molten glass at high temperature and therefore its processing difficulties in glass production.
Furthermore, it is well known to use cover glass sheets in displays to provide the necessary protection of the display device. For example, for the incorporation of display devices within cars, it is common that the cover glass sheet is larger than the display device. Typically, the surface of the cover glass sheet above the screen of the display device is textured to improve its optical properties and such can raise unacceptable difference in rendering between the zone of the cover glass sheet covering the display device and the zone not covering the display device, in particular when the display is switched off. This difference in appearance is even further increased when the zone of the cover glass sheet not covering the display device, is smooth and glossy for decorative purposes. Hence, car designers are seeking for cover glass sheet with grey aesthetics and/or different visible light transmission to overcome this difference in rendering.
The state of the art does not provide a solution on how to formulate a silicate type glass composition to be used as a cover glass sheet that combines appealing grey aesthetics, a wide range of visible light transmission while maintaining superior infrared light transmission. Moreover, such glass sheets should be easily cut by filamentation laser cutting for easy and cost effective production. Finally, such glass sheets must provide acceptable level of toxic components, like hexavalent chromium.
The present invention relates to a glass sheet of silicate-type having a composition comprising, in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
and
wherein the ratio R1 defined as [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] is equal to or lower than 1.1; and the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] is equal to or greater than 1; preferably is equal to or greater than 1.2, more preferably is equal to or greater than 1.3. Fe2O3*, MnO* and Cr2O3* are relative percentages with respect to the sum of the contents of total iron, manganese and chromium (Fe2O3+MnO+Cr2O3).
In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet of the present invention comprises a Fe2+ content, expressed in the form of FeO equal to or less than 50 ppm (FeO≤50 ppm), preferably equal to or less than 25 ppm (FeO≤25 ppm). Therefore, the composition of the glass sheet of the present invention preferably comprises a percentage of FeO relative to total Fe2O3 below 1%, preferably below 0.9% by weight of the total composition.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a glass sheet having a grey color. Hence, preferably, the glass sheet has a Color index C*=(a*2+b*2)1/2 equal to or lower than 3.5 wherein a* and b* are CIELab values measured for a sheet thickness of 4 mm, in transmission with illuminant D65, 10°, SCI.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a glass sheet that comprise as less as possible of the toxic hexavalent chromium form. Hence, preferably, the composition comprises hexavalent chromium at a level equal to or lower than 10 ppm (Cr6+≤10 ppm), preferably equal to or lower than 5 ppm (Cr6+≤5 ppm) and more preferably is free of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+=0 ppm).
It is another objective of the present invention to provide glass sheet that offers a great flexibility of visible light transmission while maintaining superior infrared transmission. Therefore in a first preferred embodiment, the glass sheet has a visible transmission (TLD4) lower than or equal to 20% (TLD4≤20%), preferably equal to or greater than 2% and lower than or equal to 20% (2%≤TLD4≤20%). In such first embodiment, the composition preferably comprises in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
In such first embodiment, the glass sheet preferably has an infrared transmission (T850-950-1050), measured according to standard ISO9050, at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 75%, preferably higher than 80%.
In a second preferred embodiment, the glass sheet has a visible transmission (TLD4) greater than 20% and lower than or equal to 50% (20%<TLD4≤50%). In such second embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet preferably comprises in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
In such second embodiment, the glass sheet has preferably an infrared transmission (T850-950-1050) at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 84%, preferably higher than 86%.
In a third preferred embodiment, the glass sheet has a visible transmission (TLD4) greater than 50% (50%<TLD4), preferably comprised between greater than 50% and lower than or equal to 65% (50%<TLD4≤65%). In such third embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet preferably comprises in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
In such third embodiment, the glass sheet has preferably an infrared transmission (T850-950-1050), at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 88%, preferably higher than 90%.
The invention relates to a glass sheet of silicate-type having a composition comprising, in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
and wherein
the ratio R1 defined as [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] is equal to or lower than 1.1; and the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] is equal to or greater than 1. The components Fe2O3*, MnO* and Cr2O3* are defined as relative percentages with respect to the sum of the contents of total iron, manganese and chromium (Fe2O3+MnO+Cr2O3).
The inventors have surprisingly found that the combination of the manganese, chromium and cobalt elements in specific amounts in a mid- to high-iron glass matrix (total iron from 200 ppm to 8.000 ppm) while addressing specific ratios R1 and R2 allows to reach a glass sheet having grey aesthetics and showing a wide range of visible transmission together with a high IR transmission in the region of 850 nm to 1050 nm. Furthermore, it has been found that such glass sheets are simple and inexpensive to manufacture and can easily be cut by filamentation laser cutting. Finally, it has been found that such glass compositions provide the required visible transmission and infrared transmission with an acceptable toxicity profile, i.e. a concentration of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) species below 10 ppm.
In order to obtain high transmission in the infrared region in soda-lime silicate glasses including intrinsically some amounts of iron coming as an impurity in the majority of the starting materials used, it is known to reduce at maximum the amount of ferrous Fe2+ ions in the glass. Indeed, ferrous ions (sometimes expressed as oxide FeO) in soda-lime-silicate glasses absorb in the near infrared region due to their broad absorption band centered on 1050 nm. In known chromium-containing low-iron glasses, chromium is added in an amount adapted to oxidize all Fe2+ into Fe3+ in order to get high near-IR transmission. As chromium is known since years as a classical powerful colorant for glass, increasing further the chromium content of the glass above the threshold required to fully oxidized iron will bring a strong decreasing of visible transmission while keeping the high level of IR transmission as Fe2+ is at zero-amount, as described in WO2015/091106. However, in those glasses, the amount of Cr6+ in the composition is high. It was surprisingly found by the inventors that it is possible to drastically reduce the amount of Cr6+ (while keeping high IR transmission) by carefully adjusting the balance of iron, chromium and manganese in a matrix richer in iron so that the final glass has both low Fe2+ and Cr6+ concentrations. Indeed, it has been found that it requires to balance the different components so that the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] is equal to or greater than 1. Moreover, it is further required to keep ratio R1 defined as [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] equal to or lower than 1.1 to assure high transmissions in the near infrared.
Fe2O3*, MnO* and Cr2O3* are defined as relative percentages with respect to the sum of the contents of total iron, manganese and chromium (Fe2O3+MnO+Cr2O3)
Glass laser cutting has many advantages compared to traditional cutting methods known, such as smooth edge, no chipping and the possibility to cut easily various shapes. Two main laser techniques are widely used to cut glass. The first method involves cutting by bulk heating of the glass sheet with CO2 laser operating at about 10.6 μm, i.e. at wavelength were silicate glass absorbs strongly electromagnetic radiations due to vibrations of the Si—O bonds. The second laser cutting method is the filamentation laser cutting usually performed with a Nd-YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. In this method, the laser beam focuses inside the bulk of the glass generating a plasma modifying locally the refractive index. This physical change forces the laser beam to focus above the generated void. By successive self-focusing-defocusing steps, a filament of voids is generated inside the glass thickness. This line of fraction is then used to cut the glass sheet. This technique provides very smooth edges and avoid thermal damage of the glass material. Contrary to the CO2 laser method, the filamentation laser cutting method requires low absorption at 1064 nm (near IR) to work efficiently. Typically, coloured glass comprising high amount of Fe2+, and therefore absorbing strongly in the near-infrared, are difficult to be cut by filamentation laser cutting. It has been found however that the glass sheets of the composition of the present invention, despites their grey colour aesthetics, do not strongly absorb the 1064 nm IR radiation at their surface, therefore allows the laser filamentation to be formed through the glass sheet. Sheets made of the composition of the present invention can therefore be easily cut by filamentation laser cutting.
According to the invention, the composition has a ratio R1 defined as (Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*—MnO*)) equal to or lower than 1.1 (R1≤1.1). Such R1 values allows reaching complete oxidization of iron into Fe3+, thereby avoiding Fe2+ species which absorb in the near infrared region. According to the invention, the composition has a ratio R2 defined as Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*)) equal to or greater than 1 (R2≥1), preferably equal to or greater than 1.2 (R2≥1.2), preferably equal to or greater than 1.3 (R2≥1.3). Such R2 values allows reaching high transmission in the near infrared while keeping very low amount of toxic Cr6+. Fe2O3*, MnO* and Cr2O3* are relative percentages with respect to the sum of the contents of total iron, manganese and chromium (Fe2O3+MnO+Cr2O3).
According to the invention, the composition comprises total iron (expressed in terms of Fe2O3) as follows: 0.02%-0.8 wt %. In present description, when talking about total iron content in glass composition, “total iron” and “Fe2O3” are used as well and total iron is expressed in terms of Fe2O3.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the composition preferably comprises an Fe2+ content (expressed in the form of FeO) equal to or lower than 50 ppm (FeO≤50 ppm), preferably equal to or lower than 25 ppm (FeO≤25 ppm). This range of contents makes it possible to obtain highly satisfactory properties in terms of transmission of the IR radiation. The amount of FeO is of course higher for embodiments with high total iron (Fe2O3) and the quantity of acceptable FeO content can be preferably expressed in percentage of total iron. Acceptable FeO contents corresponds when the percentage of FeO relative to total iron is preferably below 1%, more preferably below 0.9%.
One objective of the present invention is indeed to provide suitable glass composition that combines appealing grey aesthetics, a wide range of visible light transmission while maintaining superior infrared light transmission. This wide range of light transmission allows to provide grey glass sheet very opaque with hardly no visible light transmission to grey glass sheet with substantial visible transmission.
Therefore, in one preferred embodiment, the present invention is formulated such as to provide a visible transmission (TLD4) lower than or equal to 20% (TLD4≤20%), preferably equal to or greater than 2% and lower than or equal to 20% (2%≤TLD4≤20%) and do comprise in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
Glass sheets with the above composition will typically demonstrate an infrared transmission at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 75%, preferably higher than 80%.
According to this embodiment of the invention, the composition preferably comprises an Fe2+ content (expressed in the form of FeO) equal to or lower than 25 ppm (FeO≤25 ppm).
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention is formulated such as to provide a visible transmission (TLD4) greater than 20% and lower than or equal to 50% (20%≤TLD4≤50%) and do comprise in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
Glass sheets with the above composition will typically demonstrate an infrared transmission at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 84%, preferably higher than 86%.
According to this embodiment of the invention, the composition preferably comprises an Fe2+ content (expressed in the form of FeO) equal to or lower than 25 ppm.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention is formulated such as to provide a visible transmission (TLD4) greater than 50% (50%<TLD4), preferably comprised between greater than 50% and lower than or equal to 65% (50%<TLD4≤65%) and do comprise in a content expressed as weight percentages by total weight of glass:
Glass sheets with the above composition will typically demonstrate an infrared transmission at a specific wavelength of 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) and/or 1050 nm (T1050), higher than 88%, preferably higher than 90%.
According to this embodiment of the invention, the composition preferably comprises an Fe2+ content (expressed in the form of FeO) equal to or lower than 15 ppm (FeO≤15 ppm), preferably equal to or lower than 10 ppm (FeO≤10 ppm).
In present description and claims, to quantify the visible transmission (also called luminous transmission/transmittance or TL) of a glass sheet, one considers the visible transmission with illuminant D65 for a sheet thickness of 4 mm (TLD4) at a solid angle of observation of 2° (according to standard ISO9050). The visible transmission (TL) represents the percentage of radiation flux emitted between wavelengths 380 nm and 780 nm which is transmitted through the glass sheet.
In present description and claims, to quantify the IR transmission, one considers the transmission for a sheet thickness of 4 mm at a solid angle of 2° at the specific wavelength of 850 nm, 950 nm or 1050 nm (according to standard ISO9050), representing the percentage of radiation flux emitted at a specific wavelength in the near IR range namely 850 nm (T850), 950 nm (T950) or 1050 nm (T1050) which is transmitted through the glass sheet.
Cr6+ is generally an undesired species in product mainly for environmental and health reasons. Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested by the human body. Concentrations in Cr6+ in products is limited by regulations (RoHS directive (2011/65/EU, (EU)2015/863 and ELV directive (2000/53/EC, (EU)2016/774)) and is fixed at: Cr6+<0.1 wt %. However, this maximum threshold will probably become more restrictive in the near future and some customers currently ask for almost the absence of Cr6+ in the glass product. Hence, according to the invention, the composition preferably comprises a Cr6+ content 10 ppm, more preferably the composition is Cr6+≤5 ppm and even more preferably is free of Cr6+. The Cr6+ content in glass can be computed, in a known manner, based on the transmission spectra and the linear absorption coefficients of the cation. These absorption coefficients are based on Bamford data (Bamford, C. R. (1977). Color generation and control in Glass. Glass Science and Technology, 2, pp 224, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.)
According to another embodiment of the invention, the composition of the glass sheet is preferably free of lithium. By “free of lithium” according to the invention, it is meant that the composition comprises lithium (expressed as Li2O)≤0.1 wt %, preferably ≤0.05 wt % and even ≤0.01 wt %.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the composition of the glass sheet is preferably free of barium. By “free of barium” according to the invention, it is meant that the composition comprises lithium (expressed as BaO) ≤0.1 wt %, preferably ≤0.05 wt % and even ≤0.01 wt %.
According to still another embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet comprises NiO in an content lower than 0.1 wt %, preferably lower than 0.01 wt %, more preferably lower than 0.001 wt % by weight of the total composition. Preferably, the composition of the glass sheet is free of NiO.
According to still another embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet comprises CuO in an content lower than 0.1 wt %, preferably less than 0.01 wt %, more preferably less than 0.002 wt % by weight of the total composition. Preferably, the composition of the glass sheet is free of CuO.
This meant that barium, lithium, nickel and/or copper elements are not intentionally added in the glass batch/raw materials and that, if it is present, their content in the composition of the glass sheet reaches only level of an impurity unavoidably included in the production.
In present description and claims, to evaluate the color of a glass, one considers CIELab values: a* and b*, measured for a sheet thickness of 4 mm, in transmission with illuminant D65, 10°, SCI. The grey aesthetics are defined by the color index C* calculated as C*=(a*2+b*2)1/2 equal to or lower than 3.5 (C*≤3.5).
The term “glass”, within the meaning of the invention, is understood to mean a completely amorphous material, thus excluding any crystalline material, even partially crystalline material (such as, for example, glass-crystalline or glass-ceramic materials). The glass sheet of the invention may be manufactured starting from melting a glass raw materials batch in a glass melting furnace/tank and then forming the resulting molten glass into the desired shape, using a floating process, a drawing process, a rolling process or any other process known to manufacture a glass sheet starting from a molten glass composition. In an embodiment of the invention, the glass sheet is a float glass sheet. The term “float glass sheet” is understood to mean a glass sheet formed by the known float glass process. Other forming/processing treatment may follow the manufacturing process. By “glass sheet” in present invention, it is meant a glass article in a sheet-like form including flat glass, curved glass, bent glass, lens, etc.
The glass sheet according to the invention may have varied sizes, from small sizes (for example, for cover lenses), through medium sizes (for example, for automotive glazing) to very large sizes (up to “DLF” or “PLF” sizes). The glass sheet according to the invention may also have a thickness of from 0.1 to 25 mm, depending on the targeted applications. Preferably, the glass sheet according to the invention has a thickness of from 1 to 8 mm and, more preferably, from 1.5 to 5 mm.
The silicate glass sheet according to the invention is made of glass which may belong to various categories. The glass can thus be a glass of soda-lime-silicate, aluminosilicate or borosilicate type, and the like. Preferably, the composition of the glass sheet comprises the following in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass:
In an embodiment, the composition of the glass sheet comprises MgO≥0.1% and preferably, MgO≥0.5%.
More preferably, notably for low production costs reasons, the glass composition is a soda-lime-silicate-type glass. According to this embodiment, by “soda-lime-silicate-type glass”, it is meant that the composition comprises the following in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass:
In particular, examples of base glass matrixes for the composition according to the invention are described in published PCT patent applications WO2015/150207A1, WO2015/150403A1, WO2016/091672, WO2016/169823 and WO2018/001965.
The composition of the glass sheet can comprise, in addition to the impurities present in particular in the starting materials, a low proportion of additives (such as agents which help the melting or the refining of the glass) or of components originating from the dissolution of the refractories constituting the melting furnaces.
Advantageously, the glass sheet of the invention may be tempered, mechanically or chemically. It may also be bended/curved, or in a general manner, deformed to reach any desired configuration (by cold-bending, thermoforming, . . . ). It may also be laminated.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the glass sheet of the invention may be covered by at least one coating. Examples of such coating are:
The glass sheet of the invention can advantageously be used as an automotive glazing, especially as a trim. In such a case, in the context of autonomous cars, a LIDAR system may be fully integrated in the car (thereby guaranteeing aesthetic and preventing damages to the system), mounted behind internal face of said glazing. Therefore, the invention also relates to the use of the glass sheet according to the invention as an automotive glazing, preferably as a trim element; or as a cover lens for a LIDAR sensor.
Even if the context of present invention has been described with the specific application of car-integrated LIDAR systems, the glass sheet of the invention can also advantageously be used in any other technology requiring appropriate light transmission and/or grey aesthetics, together with very good performances in the near IR range, especially for 850 nm-1050 nm. For example, it can be of value in the “Planar Scatter Detection” (PSD) or “Frustrated Total Internal Reflection” (FTIR) optical technology for detecting the position of one or more objects (for example, a finger or a stylus) on a surface of said sheet which, in view of its more or less intense grey colour, is capable of partially or completely hiding objects/components found behind/under it.
Other uses of the glass sheet of the present invention are:
Throughout the present text, when a range is indicated, the extremities are included, except if explicitly described in another way. In addition, all the integral and subdomain values in the numerical range are expressly included as if explicitly written. Also, throughout the present text, the values of content are in percentage by weight expressed with respect to the total weight of the glass (also mentioned as wt %), except if explicitly described in another way (i.e. in ppm). Moreover, when a glass composition is given, this relates to the bulk composition of the glass.
The person skilled in the art realizes that the present invention is by no means limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims. It is further noted that the invention relates to all possible combinations of features, and preferred features, described herein and recited in the claims.
The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
Different glass sheets/samples according to the invention and not according to the invention (comparative) were prepared, with variable amounts of total iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, within 3 sets of examples.
For the preparation of the glass samples, the starting materials were mixed in the powder form and placed in a crucible for the melting, according to an identical base composition specified in the table below, and to which were added starting materials comprising total iron, manganese, cobalt and chromium in variable amounts as a function of the contents targeted in the final composition (it should be noted that the iron being already, at least in part, present in the starting materials of the base composition as impurity).
The optical properties of each sample, moulded and processed in the form of a sheet, were determined on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere with a diameter of 150 mm, and in particular:
Examples 1 to 3 correspond to glass sheets according to the invention, presenting a TLD4 comprised between 3% and 20%. Comparative Examples A and B correspond to a glass with the required components but do not fulfil the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] being equal to or greater than 1. The Comparative Examples C and D correspond to a glass with iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt and selenium. Those comparative examples do not fulfil the ratio R1 of [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*-MnO*))] being equal to or lower than 1.1. All comparative examples exhibit similar values of TLD4 compared to the examples 1 to 3.
Each Example 1 to 3 according to the invention was optimized so as
Table 1 presents the optical properties for Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples A to D, their respective amounts of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, their amount of FeO and Cr6+ and their determined ratios R8 and R2.
Table 1 shows that the presence of total iron, cobalt, manganese and chromium in contents according to the invention, while respecting the ratios conditions R1 and R2, makes it possible to obtain a grey glass sheet (C* below 3.5) with a visible transmission that is low to very low (18.5% to 3%) and with high near infrared transmission (75.5% to 88.4%). Indeed, chromium and manganese are present in low amount compared to iron since R1≤1.1 and provide acceptable NIR transmission for such TLD4. The low chromium and manganese contents also meet the ratio R2≥1 and, therefore according to the invention, hardly no Cr6+ is formed.
Comparative examples A and B do meet the ratio R1≤1.1 and exhibit high NIR transmissions. However, these comparative examples do not meet the ratio R2 and cause higher level of Cr6+. Comparative examples C and D, illustrate further the importance of the ratios R1 and R2: even if these glasses provide the right grey colour, rather opaque aesthetics due to its low TL and no Cr6+ due to R2>1, their transmissions at the near infrared wavelengths are extremely low (from 2.5% to 15.1%) due to ratio R1 well above 1.1.
Examples 4 to 10 correspond to glass sheets according to the invention presenting a TLD4>20% and ≤50%.
Comparative Examples E and F correspond to glasses with the required components but do not fulfil the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] being equal to or greater than 1. The Comparative Example G corresponds to a glass with iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt and selenium. This comparative example does not fulfil the ratio R1 of [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*-MnO*))] being equal to or lower than 1.1. All comparative examples exhibit similar values of TLD4 compared to the examples 4 to 10.
Each Example 4 to 10 according to the invention was optimized so as
Table 2 presents the optical properties for Examples 4 to 10 and for comparative examples E to G, their respective amounts of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, their amount of FeO and Cr6+ and their determined ratios R1 and R2.
Table 2 shows that the presence of total iron, manganese chromium and cobalt in contents according to the invention while respecting the ratios conditions R1 and R2 makes it possible to obtain a grey glass sheet with a visible transmission that is medium (20%<TLD4≤50%) and with high near infrared transmission at 1050 nm (84.6% to 90.2%).
Comparative examples E and F, illustrate that, even if these glasses comprise the right amounts of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt to have a grey colour and elevated transmissions between 850 and 1050 nm they fail to balance such components at the proper ratio R2, expressed by a much higher level of the hexavalent form of chromium (22 and 30 ppm compared to examples 4 and 10 (≤1 ppm). Comparative example G illustrates that, even if this glass provides the right TL, its transmissions at the near infrared wavelengths are extremely low (from 12.4% to 18.5%) due to its ratio R1 well above 1.1.
Examples 11 to 14 correspond to glass sheets according to the invention, all presenting a TLD4 greater than 50%, preferably comprised between greater than 50% and lower than or equal to 65% (50%<TLD4≤65%). Comparative Example H corresponds to a glass composition with the required components but does not fulfil the ratio R2 defined as [Fe2O3*/(34+0.3(Cr2O3*—MnO*))] being equal to or greater than 1. The Comparative Example J corresponds to a glass with iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt and selenium. This comparative example does not fulfil the ratio R1 of [Fe2O3*/(49+0.43(Cr2O3*-MnO*))] being equal to or lower than 1.1. All comparative examples exhibit similar values of TLD4 compared to the examples 11 to 14.
Each Example 11 to 14 according to the invention was optimized so as
Table 3 presents the optical properties for Examples 11 to 14 and for comparative examples H and J, their respective amounts of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, the amount of FeO and Cr6+ and their determined ratios R1 and R2.
Table 3 shows that the presence of total iron, cobalt, manganese and chromium in contents according to the invention while respecting the ratio conditions R1 and R2 makes it possible to obtain a grey glass sheet with a visible transmission that is medium high (51% to 65%) and with high near infrared transmission (88.7% to 91.3%) while keeping very low amount of Cr6+.
Comparative example H illustrates that, even if this glass comprises the right amounts of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, but fails to balance such components at the proper ratio R2, such composition can provide the right grey aesthetics, maintains very satisfactory near infrared transmissions but demonstrates a much higher level of the hexavalent from of chromium. About 10% of the chromium introduced in the glass composition remains in the toxic hexavalent form (Cr6+/Crtot=8.9%).
Comparative example J, illustrates that by lowering the chromium content, the hexavalent from of chromium is avoided but by failing to meet the R1 ratio, its transmissions at the near infrared wavelengths are rather poor (from 47.8% to 54.5%) for glasses with intermediate light transmissions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22170714.4 | Apr 2022 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/061190 | 4/27/2023 | WO |
