Patent Application
20220281075
The present invention relates, in general, to grinding wheels.
Abrasive grinding wheels can be used to smooth and contour the edges of certain flat materials, e.g., sheets of glass, for safety and cosmetic reasons. Such abrasive grinding wheels may include diamond-containing abrasive wheels and may be used to shape the edges of materials for various industries, including but not limited to automotive, architectural, furniture, and appliance industries.
The industry continues to demand improved grinding wheel assemblies, particularly for applications of grinding the edges of flat materials.
The following is generally directed to grinding wheel assemblies that are particularly suitable for grinding and smoothing the edges of brittle materials, such as glass.
Embodiments are directed to abrasive articles which may be in the form of grinding wheels. The grinding wheel can be particularly suitable for operations of grinding the edges of glass, such as automobile glass and flat glass. Further, the grinding wheel assembly can allow for relatively quicker profiling of the abrasive body after the abrasive body is no longer useful.
Referring now to
In an embodiment, the abrasive portion 120 can include abrasive particles fixed in a bond material. Suitable abrasive particles can include, for example, oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, alumina, silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, zirconia, or a combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles of the bonded abrasive can be diamond particles. In a further embodiment, the abrasive particles can consist essentially of diamond.
The abrasive particles of the abrasive portion 120 may have a particular size that may facilitate improved performance and/or manufacturing of the abrasive article. For example, the abrasive particles can have a size less than about 2000 μm, such as less than about 1000 μm, less than about 500 μm or less than about 300 μm. In another aspect, the abrasive particles can have a size of at least 0.01 μm, such as at least 0.1 μm, at least about 1 μm, at least 5 μm or at least 10 inn. It will be appreciated that the size of the abrasive particles contained in the bonded abrasive can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, such as from about 0.01 μm to about 2000 μm, from about 1 μm to about 500 μm, from about 5 μm to about 300 μm or from about 50 μm to about 150 μm.
In an embodiment, the abrasive portion 120 can include a particular bond material that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the bond material can include an inorganic material, an organic material, or any combination thereof. Suitable inorganic materials for the use as bond material may include metals, glass, ceramics, glass-ceramics, or any combination thereof. For example, an inorganic bond material can include one or more metal compositions or elements such as Cu, Sn, Fe, W, WC, Co, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the bond material can include bronze. In an embodiment, the bond material can include tungsten. Organic materials may include resins, for example, thermosets, thermoplastics, or any combination thereof. For example, some suitable resins can include phenolic resins, epoxies, polyesters, cyanate esters, shellacs, polyurethanes, rubber, polyimides, or any combination thereof.
As illustrated in
In an embodiment, the backing 110 can include a particular material that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the backing can include an inorganic material, an organic material, or any combination thereof. Suitable inorganic materials for the backing may include metals, glass, ceramics, glass-ceramics, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the backing 110 can include a metal or a metal alloy. For example, the backing can include one or more metal compositions or elements such as Cu, Sn, Fe, W, WC, Co, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the backing 110 can include bronze. In an embodiment, the backing 110 can include tungsten. In an embodiment, the backing can include the same material as the bond material of the abrasive portion. In yet another embodiment, the backing 100 can include a composite material, e.g., a carbon fiber composite. In an embodiment, the backing may not comprise abrasive particles.
In an embodiment, the backing 110 can have a particular roughness that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the backing 110 can have an average surface roughness at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns. In an embodiment, the backing 110 can have an average surface roughness no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns. It will be appreciated that the average surface roughness of the backing 110 can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 0.1 microns and not greater than 13 microns; at least 1 micron and not greater than 20 microns; or at least 3.2 microns and not greater than 12.5 microns. In an embodiment, the inner annular surface 112, the first radial surface 113 or the second radial surface 114 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses. In an embodiment, the inner annular surface 112 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses. In an embodiment, the first radial surface 113 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses. In an embodiment, the second radial surface 114 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses. In an embodiment, at least 2 of the inner annular surface 112, the first radial surface 113, and the second radial surface 114 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses. In an embodiment, the inner annular surface 112, the first radial surface 113, and the second radial surface 114 can have any of the aforementioned average surface roughnesses.
In an embodiment, the backing can have a particular hardness that may facilitate improved performance and/or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the backing can have a hardness of at least 75 HRB, or at least 76 HRB, or at least 78 HRB, or at least 80 HRB, or at least 82 HRB, or at least 84 HRB, or at least 86 HRB, or at least 88 HRB, or at least 90 HRB, or at least 91 HRB, or at least 92 HRB, or at least 93 HRB, or at least 94 HRB, or at least 95 HRB, or at least 96 HRB, or at least 97 HRB, or at least 98 HRB, or at least 99 HRB, or at least 100 HRB. In an embodiment, the backing can have a hardness of no greater than 150 HRB, or no greater than 145 HRB, or no greater than 140 HRB, or no greater than 135 HRB, or no greater than 130 HRB, or no greater than 125 HRB, or no greater than 124 HRB, or no greater than 122 HRB, or no greater than 120 HRB, or no greater than 118 HRB, or no greater than 116 HRB, or no greater than 114 HRB, or no greater than 112 HRB, or no greater than 110 HRB. It will be appreciated that the hardness of the backing can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, at least 76 HRB and not greater than 150 HRB, at least 92 HRB and not greater than 114 HRB, or at least 100 HRB and not greater than 110 HRB.
In en embodiment, the abrasive portion 120 may be brazed to the backing 110. In another aspect, the abrasive portion 120 may be sinter bonded to the backing 110. Moreover, in another aspect, the abrasive portion 120 may be adhered to the backing 110, for example, using an adhesive. In an embodiment, there may be only one contact surface between the abrasive portion 120 and the backing 110. In a more particular embodiment, the contact surface between the abrasive portion 120 and the backing 110 can be between the inner annular surface of the abrasive portion 122 and the outer annular surface of the backing 111.
In an embodiment, the backing 110 may have a radial width, Rb, which is a particular size relative to a radial width of the abrasive portion 120, Rwa, which may facilitate improved performance and/or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Rb can be at least 0.1% greater than Rwa (e.g. Rb≥(Rwa+(Rwa*0.001)) or at least 0.2% greater than Rwa (e.g. Rb>(Rwa+(Rwa*0.002)) or at least 0.5% greater or at least 0.8% greater or at least 1% greater or at least 1.5% greater or at least 2.0% greater or at least 2.5% greater or at least 3% greater or at least 3.5% greater or at least 4% greater or at least 4.5% greater or at least 5% greater or at least 6% greater or at least 7% greater or at least 8% greater or at least 9% greater or at least 10% greater or at least 11% greater than Rwa. In an embodiment, Rb can be less than 200% greater than Rwa or less than 150% greater than Rwa or less than 125% greater than Rwa or less than 100% greater than Rwa or less than 90% greater than Rwa or less than 80% greater than Rwa or less than 70% greater than Rwa or less than 60% greater than Rwa or less than 50% Rwa. It will be appreciated that the % difference between Rb and Rwa can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including at least 0.2% and not greater than 200% or at least 0.5% and not greater than 90%.
In an embodiment, the backing 110 may have an axial thickness, Tb, which is a particular size relative to an axial thickness of the abrasive portion 120, Ta, which may facilitate improved performance and/or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Tb can be at least 0.001% greater than Ta(e.g. Tb>(Ta+(Ta*0.001)) or at least 0.002% greater than Ta (e.g. Tb≥(Ta+(Ta*0.002)) or at least 0.005% greater, or at least 0.008% greater, or at least 0.01% greater, or at least 0.015% greater or at least 0.02% greater or at least 0.025% greater or at least 0.03% greater or at least 0.035% greater or at least 0.04% greater or at least 0.045% greater or at least 0.05% greater or at least 0.06% greater or at least 0.07% greater or at least 0.08% greater or at least 0.09% greater or at least 0.1% greater Ta. In an embodiment, Tb can no greater than 1% greater than an axial thickness of the abrasive portion (Ta) or no greater than 0.9%, or no greater than 0.8%, or no greater than 0.7%, or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05%or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01% greater than Ta. T will be appreciated that the % difference between Tb and Ta can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including at least 0.001% and not greater than 1% or at least 0.005% and not greater than 0.2%.
In an embodiment, the backing 110 may have certain CTE differential between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the abrasive portion, CTEab, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the backing, CTEb. In an embodiment, CTEb can be at least 0.001% different than, or at least 0.002% different than CTEab, or at least 0.005% different, or at least 0.008% different, or at least 0.01% different or at least 0.015% different or at least 0.02% different or at least 0.025% different or at least 0.03% different or at least 0.035% different or at least 0.04% different or at least 0.045% different or at least 0.05% different or at least 0.06% different or at least 0.07% different or at least 0.08% different or at least 0.09% different or at least 0.1% different than CTEab. In an embodiment, CTEb can no greater than 1% different than CTEab or no greater than 0.9% or no greater than 0.8% or no greater than 0.7% or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05%or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01% different than CTEab. T will be appreciated that the % difference between CTEb and CTEab can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including at least 0.001% and not greater than 1% or at least 0.005% and not greater than 0.2%.
As seen in
In an embodiment, the backing may comprise a particular number of holes configured for fasteners. In an embodiment, the backing 110 comprises no more than 3 openings or holes extending axially or radially into the backing. In an embodiment, the backing 110 comprises no more than 2 openings or holes extending axially or radially into the backing. In an embodiment, the backing 110 comprises no more than 1 opening or hole extending axially or radially into the backing. In an embodiment, the backing 110 comprises no openings or holes extending axially or radially into the backing.
In an embodiment, the abrasive article may be configured such that a certain content of the first radial surface 123 of the abrasive portion 120 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. The amount of contact between the first radial surface 123 of the abrasive portion 120 and the cover plate may facilitate improved performance or profiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, at least 1% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200 or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. In an embodiment, no greater than 99% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200 or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. It will be appreciated that the amount of the first radial surface 123 that is configured to contact the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 1% and not greater than 99% or at least 2% and not greater than 50% or at least 3% and not greater than 75%.
In an embodiment, the abrasive article may be configured such that a certain content of the second radial surface 124 of the abrasive portion 120 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300. The amount of contact between the second radial surface 124 of the abrasive portion 120 and the cover plate may facilitate improved performance or profiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, at least 1% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300 or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300. In an embodiment, no greater than 99% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300 or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%. It will be appreciated that the amount of the second radial surface 124 that is configured to contact the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 1% and not greater than 99% or at least 2% and not greater than 50% or at least 3% and not greater than 75%.
In an embodiment, the mounting plate may have a particular hardness that can facilitate improved performance, manufacturing, or reprofiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mounting plate can have a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB. In an embodiment, the mounting plate can have a hardness of no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB. It will be appreciated that the hardness of the mounting plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 70 HRB and not greater than 75 HRB, at least 50 HRB and not greater than 80 HRB, or at least 65 HRB and not greater than 86 HRB.
In an embodiment, the cover plate may have a particular hardness that can facilitate improved performance, manufacturing, or reprofiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the cover plate can have a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB. In an embodiment, the cover plate can have a hardness of no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB. It will be appreciated that the hardness of the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 70 HRB and not greater than 75 HR, at least 50 HRB, and not greater than 80 HRB, or at least 65 HRB and not greater than 86 HRB.
In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include an electronic device. In an aspect, the electronic device can include an electronic element. The electronic element can include, for example, a chip, an integrated circuit, logic, a transponder, a transceiver, a passive element, such as a resistor, a capacitor, or the like, or a combination thereof, a memory or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the electronic device can include an antenna directly coupled to the electronic element. In a particular aspect, the electronic device can include a chip, an integrated circuit, data transponder, a radio frequency based tag or sensor with or without chip, an electronic tag, electronic memory, a sensor, an analog to digital converter, a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modulator circuit, a multiplexer, an antenna, a near-field communication device, a power source, a display (e.g., LCD or OLED screen), optical devices (e.g., LEDs), global positioning system (GPS) or device, fixed or programmable logic or any combination thereof. In some instances, the electronic device may optionally include a substrate, a power source, or both. In a further aspect, the electronic device can be wired or wireless.
A more particular example of the electronic device can include a tag or sensor, such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or sensor, a near field communication tag or sensor, or a combination thereof. In an aspect, the electronic device can include a RFID tag. In some instances, the RFID tag can be inactive and may be powered by a reader device for the RFID tag. In another instance, the RFID tag can be active, including, for example, a power supply, such as a battery or inductive capacitive tank circuit.
In another aspect, the electronic device can include a near-field communication device. A near field communication device can be any device capable of transmitting information via electromagnetic radiation within a certain defined radius of the device, typically less than 20 meters. In a further aspect, the electronic device can include a transceiver. A transceiver can be a device that can receive information and/or transmit information. Unlike passive RFID tags or passive near-field communication devices, which are generally read-only devices that store information for a read operation, a transceiver can actively transmit information without having to conduct an active read operation. Moreover, the transceiver may be capable of transmitting information over various select frequencies, which may improve the communication capabilities of the electronic device with a variety of systems that are intended for receiving and/or storing the information.
In an aspect, the electronic device can be attached to at least a portion of the abrasive body. For example, the electronic device can be attached to a portion of a surface of the abrasive body, such as to a major surface, a peripheral surface, or a combination thereof. In a further aspect, the electronic device can be in contact with the abrasive body. In another aspect, the electronic device can be partially embedded in the abrasive body. In a further aspect, the electronic device can be fully embedded within the abrasive body.
In some implementations, the electronic device can be adapted to detect wear of the abrasive article, such as a dimension change of the abrasive body. In other implementations, the electronic device may be combined with another component to facilitate wear detection.
An alternative embodiment includes a method of making any of the previously described abrasive articles. In a particular embodiment, the method can include an additive manufacturing process. In a more particular embodiment, the additive manufacturing process can include binder jetting.
An alternative embodiment includes a method for profiling an abrasive article. The method includes providing a system including a mounting plate, a cover plate, and an abrasive article having an annular shape and clamped between the mounting plate and cover plate. A non-limiting example of a system can be found in
In an embodiment, the abrasive article may be configured such that a certain content of the first radial surface 123 of the abrasive portion 120 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. The amount of contact between the first radial surface 123 of the abrasive portion 120 and the cover plate may facilitate improved performance or profiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, at least 1% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200 or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. In an embodiment, no greater than 99% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200 or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50% of the first radial surface 123 is configured to contact the cover plate 200. It will be appreciated that the amount of the first radial surface 123 that is configured to contact the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1% and not greater than 99% or at least 2% and not greater than 50% or at least 3% and not greater than 75%.
In an embodiment, the abrasive article may be configured such that a certain content of the second radial surface 124 of the abrasive portion 120 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300. The amount of contact between the second radial surface 124 of the abrasive portion 120 and the cover plate may facilitate improved performance or profiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, at least 1% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300 or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300. In an embodiment, no greater than 99% of the second radial surface 124 is configured to contact the mounting plate 300 or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%. It will be appreciated that the amount of the second radial surface 124 that is configured to contact the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1% and not greater than 99% or at least 2% and not greater than 50% or at least 3% and not greater than 75%.
In an embodiment, the mounting plate may have a particular hardness that can facilitate improved performance, manufacturing, or reprofiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mounting plate can have a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB. In an embodiment, the mounting plate can have a hardness of no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB. It will be appreciated that the hardness of the mounting plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 70 HRB and not greater than 75 HR, at least 50 HRB, and not greater than 80 HRB, or at least 65 HRB and not greater than 86 HRB.
In an embodiment, the cover plate may have a particular hardness that can facilitate improved performance, manufacturing, or reprofiling of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the cover plate can have a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB. In an embodiment, the cover plate can have a hardness of no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB. It will be appreciated that the hardness of the cover plate may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 70 HRB and not greater than 75 HR, at least 50 HRB, and not greater than 80 HRB, or at least 65 HRB and not greater than 86 HRB.
Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of those aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will appreciate that those aspects and embodiments are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Embodiments may be in accordance with any one or more of the items as listed below.
Embodiment 1. An abrasive article comprising:
a body including:
Embodiment 2. An abrasive article comprising:
a body including:
an abrasive portion having an annular shape defined by an inner annular surface, the abrasive portion including abrasive particles contained in a bond material, and wherein the abrasive portion comprises at least one groove in an outer annular surface; and
a backing coupled to the inner annular surface of the abrasive portion, wherein the backing comprises a first radial surface, second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, and an inner annular surface extending between the first radial surface and second radial surface, and wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns.
Embodiment 3. The abrasive article of embodiment 2, wherein the backing comprises a radial width (Rb) that is at least 0.1% greater than a radial width of the abrasive portion (Rwa).
Embodiment 4. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 3, wherein Rb is at least 0.2% greater than Rwa or at least 0.5% greater or at least 0.8% greater or at least 1% greater or at least 1.5% greater or at least 2.0% greater or at least 2.5% greater or at least 3% greater or at least 3.5% greater or at least 4% greater or at least 4.5% greater or at least 5% greater.
Embodiment 5. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 3, wherein Rb is less than 200% greater than Rwa or less than 150% greater than Rwa or less than 125% greater than Rwa or less than 100% greater than Rwa or less than 90% greater than Rwa or less than 80% greater than Rwa or less than 70% greater than Rwa or less than 60% greater than Rwa or less than 50% Rwa.
Embodiment 6. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein the backing comprises a first radial surface, second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, and an inner annular surface extending between the first radial surface and second radial surface, and wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns.
Embodiment 7. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein the backing comprises a first radial surface, second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, and an inner annular surface extending between the first radial surface and second radial surface, and wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 8. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein the backing comprises a first radial surface, second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, and an inner annular surface extending between the first radial surface and second radial surface, and wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 9. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein at least 2 of the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 10. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein at least 2 of the first radial surface, second radial surface, or inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 11. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface, and inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 12. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 and 6, wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface, and inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 13. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing has a hardness of at least 76 HRB, or at least 78 HRB, or at least 80 HRB, or at least 82 HRB, or at least 84 HRB, or at least 86 HRB, or at least 88 HRB, or at least 90 HRB, or at least 91 HRB, or at least 92 HRB, or at least 93 HRB, or at least 94 HRB, or at least 95 HRB, or at least 96 HRB, or at least 97 HRB, or at least 98 HRB, or at least 99 HRB, or at least 100 HRB.
Embodiment 14. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing has a hardness of no greater than 150 HRB, or no greater than 145 HRB, or no greater than 140 HRB, or no greater than 135 HRB, or no greater than 130 HRB, or no greater than 125 HRB, or no greater than 124 HRB, or no greater than 122 HRB, or no greater than 120 HRB, or no greater than 118 HRB, or no greater than 116 HRB, or no greater than 114 HRB, or no greater than 112 HRB, or no greater than 110 HRB.
Embodiment 15. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 3, wherein the backing comprises an axial thickness (Tb) of no greater than 1% greater than an axial thickness of the abrasive portion (Ta) or no greater than 0.9% or no greater than 0.8% or no greater than 0.7% or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05%or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01%.
Embodiment 16. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing comprises a material that is the same material as the bond material of the abrasive portion.
Embodiment 17. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing does not comprise abrasive particles.
Embodiment 18. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein there is only one contact surface between the abrasive portion and the backing.
Embodiment 19. The abrasive article of embodiment 18, wherein the contact surface is the inner annular surface of the abrasive portion and an outer annular surface of the backing.
Embodiment 20. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the bond material of the abrasive portion comprises tungsten.
Embodiment 21. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing comprises tungsten.
Embodiment 22. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive portion comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTEab, and the backing comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTEb, wherein the difference between CTEab and CTEb is no greater than 1% or no greater than 0.9% or no greater than 0.8% or no greater than 0.7% or no greater than 6% or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05%or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01% different than CTEab.
Embodiment 23. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate such that at least 1% of the first radial surface of the abrasive portion is configured to contact the cover plate, or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the first radial surface is configured to contact the cover plate.
Embodiment 24. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate such that no greater than 99% of the first radial surface is configured to contact the cover plate, or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%.
Embodiment 25. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate such that at least 1% of the second radial surface of the abrasive portion is configured to contact the mounting plate, or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the second radial surface is configured to contact the mounting plate.
Embodiment 26. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate such that no greater than 99% of the second radial surface is configured to contact the mounting plate, or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%.
Embodiment 27. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate and the cover plate has a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB.
Embodiment 28. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate and the cover plate has a hardness no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB.
Embodiment 29. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate and the mounting plate has a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB.
Embodiment 30. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article is configured to fit between a cover plate and a mounting plate and the mounting plate has a hardness no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB.
Embodiment 31. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the backing comprises no more than 3 openings or holes extending axially or radially into the backing, or no more than 2 holes or openings, or no more than 1 hole or opening or no holes or openings.
Embodiment 32. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the abrasive article comprises an electronic device such as RFID tag.
Embodiment 33. A method for profiling an abrasive article:
providing a system including:
an abrasive portion comprising a circumferential groove;
a backing coupled to an inner annular surface of the abrasive portion; and
changing the profile of at least a portion of the circumferential groove while the abrasive article is clamped between the mounting plate and cover plate, wherein a first surface of the abrasive is immediately adjacent to the mounting plate and a second surface of the abrasive portion is immediately adjacent to the cover plate.
Embodiment 34. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises a radial width (Rb) that is at least 0.1% greater than a radial width of the abrasive portion (Rwa).
Embodiment 35. The method of embodiment 34, wherein Rb is at least 0.1% greater than Rwa or at least 0.2% greater or at least 0.5% greater or at least 0.8% greater or at least 1% greater or at least 1.5% greater or at least 2.0% greater or at least 2.5% greater or at least 3% greater or at least 3.5% greater or at least 4% greater or at least 4.5% greater or at least 5% greater.
Embodiment 36. The method of embodiment 34, wherein Rb is less than 200% greater than Rwa or less than 150% Rwa or less than 125% Rwa or less than 100% Rwa or less than 90% Rwa or less than 80% Rwa or less than 70% Rwa or less than 60% Rwa or less than 50% Rwa.
Embodiment 37. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises a first radial surface, second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, and an inner annular surface extending between the first radial surface and second radial surface, and wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface or inner annular surface comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 38. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface, or inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 39. The method of embodiment 33, wherein at least 2 of the first radial surface, second radial surface, or inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 40. The method of embodiment 33, wherein at least 2 of the first radial surface, second radial surface, or inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 41. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface, and inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.6 microns, or at least 0.7 microns, or at least 0.8 microns, or at least 0.9 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.1 microns, or at least 1.2 microns, or at least 1.3 microns, or at least 1.4 microns, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 1.6 microns, or at least 1.7 microns, or at least 1.8 microns, or at least 1.9 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.1 microns, or at least 2.2 microns, or at least 2.3 microns, or at least 2.4 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 2.6 microns, or at least 2.7 microns, or at least 2.8 microns, or at least 2.9 microns, or at least 3.0 microns, or at least 3.1 microns, or at least 3.2 microns.
Embodiment 42. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the first radial surface, second radial surface, and inner annular surface of the backing comprises an average surface roughness (Ra) of no greater than 25 microns, or no greater than 24 microns, or no greater than 23 microns, or no greater than 22 microns, or no greater than 21 microns, or no greater than 20 microns, or no greater than 19 microns, or no greater than 18 microns, or no greater than 17 microns, or no greater than 16 microns, or no greater than 15 microns, or no greater than 14.5 microns, or no greater than 14 microns, or no greater than 13.5 microns, or no greater than 13 microns, or no greater than 12.5 microns.
Embodiment 43. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises an axial thickness (Tb) of no greater than 1% greater than an axial thickness of the abrasive portion (Ta) or no greater than 0.9% or no greater than 0.8% or no greater than 0.7% or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05%or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01%.
Embodiment 44. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing has a hardness of at least wherein the backing has a hardness of at least 76 HRB, or at least 78 HRB, or at least 80 HRB, or at least 82 HRB, or at least 84 HRB, or at least 86 HRB, or at least 88 HRB, or at least 90 HRB, or at least 91 HRB, or at least 92 HRB, or at least 93 HRB, or at least 94 HRB, or at least 95 HRB, or at least 96 HRB, or at least 97 HRB, or at least 98 HRB, or at least 99 HRB, or at least 100 HRB.
Embodiment 45. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing has a hardness of no greater than 150 HRB, or no greater than 145 HRB, or no greater than 140 HRB, or no greater than 135 HRB, or no greater than 130 HRB, or no greater than 125 HRB, or no greater than 124 HRB, or no greater than 122 HRB, or no greater than 120 HRB, or no greater than 118 HRB, or no greater than 116 HRB, or no greater than 114 HRB, or no greater than 112 HRB, or no greater than 110 HRB.
Embodiment 46. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises a material that is the same material as the bond material of the abrasive portion.
Embodiment 47. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing does not comprise abrasive particles.
Embodiment 48. The method of embodiment 33, wherein there is only one contact surface between the abrasive portion and the backing.
Embodiment 49. The method of embodiment 48, wherein the contact surface is the inner annular surface of the abrasive portion and an outer annular surface of the backing.
Embodiment 50. The method of embodiment 33, wherein at least 1% of the first radial surface of the abrasive portion is configured to contact the cover plate, or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the first radial surface is configured to contact the cover plate.
Embodiment 51. The method of embodiment 33, wherein no greater than 99% of the first radial surface is configured to contact the cover plate, or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%.
Embodiment 52. The method of embodiment 33, wherein at least 1% of the second radial surface of the abrasive portion is configured to mounting the cover plate, or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the second radial surface is configured to contact the mounting plate.
Embodiment 53. The method of embodiment 33, wherein no greater than 99% of the second radial surface is configured to contact the mounting plate, or no greater than 95% or no greater than 90% or no greater than 85% or no greater than 80% or no greater than 75% or no greater than 70% or no greater than 65% or no greater than 60% or no greater than 55% or no greater than 50%.
Embodiment 54. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the cover plate has a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB.
Embodiment 55. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the cover plate has a hardness no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB.
Embodiment 56. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the mounting plate has a hardness of at least 50 HRB or at least 52 HRB or at least 54 HRB or at least 56 HRB or at least 58 HRB or at least 60 HRB or at least 61 HRB or at least 62 HRB or at least 63 HRB or at least 64 HRB or at least 65 HRB or at least 66 HRB or at least 67 HRB or at least 68 HRB or at least 69 HRB or at least 70 HRB.
Embodiment 57. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the mounting plate has a hardness no greater than 100 HRB or no greater than 98 HRB or no greater than 96 HRB or no greater than 94 HRB or no greater than 92 HRB or no greater than 90 HRB or no greater than 88 HRB or no greater than 86 HRB or no greater than 84 HRB or no greater than 82 HRB or no greater than 80 HRB or no greater than 78 HRB or no greater than 76 HRB or no greater than 75 HRB .
Embodiment 58. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the abrasive portion comprises tungsten.
Embodiment 59. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises tungsten.
Embodiment 60. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the abrasive portion comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTEab, and the backing comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTEb, wherein the difference between CTEab and CTEb is no greater than 1% or no greater than 0.9% or no greater than 0.8% or no greater than 0.7% or no greater than 6% or no greater than 0.5% or no greater than 0.4% or no greater than 0.3% or no greater than 0.25% or no greater than 0.2% or no greater than 0.15% or no greater than 0.1% or no greater than 0.08% or no greater than 0.06% or no greater than 0.05% or no greater than 0.04% or no greater than 0.03% or no greater than 0.02% or no greater than 0.01% different than CTEab.
Embodiment 61. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the backing comprises no more than 3 openings or holes extending axially or radially into the backing, or no more than 2 holes or openings, or no more than 1 hole or opening or no holes or openings.
Embodiment 62. The method of embodiment 33, wherein the abrasive article comprises an electronic device such as RFID tag.
Embodiment 63. A method of making the abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein the method comprises an additive manufacturing process.
Embodiment 64. The method of embodiment 63, wherein the additive manufacturing process comprises binder jetting.
The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to skilled artisans only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.
The description in combination with the figures is provided to assist in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion will focus on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. This focus is provided to assist in describing the teachings and should not be interpreted as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other teachings can certainly be used in this application.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
Also, the use of “a” or “an” is employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural or vice versa, unless it is clear that it is meant otherwise. For example, when a single item is described herein, more than one item may be used in place of a single item. Similarly, where more than one item is described herein, a single item may be substituted for that more than one item.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials and processing acts are conventional and may be found in reference books and other sources within the structural arts and corresponding manufacturing arts.
The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments, which fall within the true scope of the present invention. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/158,190, filed Mar. 8, 2021, by Samuel H. ODEH, entitled “GRINDING WHEEL ASSEMBLY,” which is assigned to the current assignees hereof and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63158190 | Mar 2021 | US |
