Patent Application
20250179747
None.
This invention relates to a mechanical or stationary mechanism to collect debris from hard surfaces. Particularly, this invention relates to retrofitting and attaching a mechanical or stationary mechanism to an existing vehicle to collect debris from hard surfaces.
As evidenced by various United States Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration advisory circular (such as AC No: 150/5210-24) Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) management is of concern. FOD is any object, live or not, located in an inappropriate location in the airport environment that has the capacity to injure airport or air carrier personnel and damage aircraft. FOD management is composed of four main areas: prevention; detection; removal; and evaluation.
The present invention promotes the detection and removal of FOD. More specifically, the present invention discloses FOD detection equipment and FOD removal equipment.
The presence of FOD on an airport's air operations area may pose a threat to the safety of air travel. FOD has the potential to damage aircraft during critical phases of flight and may lead to life threating injuries and property damage as well as increased maintenance and operating costs. FOD related hazards may be ameliorated by FOD detection and removal equipment.
Recent technological developments have greatly expanded the capabilities of FOD detection through automation. New FOD removal equipment is either mechanical (sweeper) and non-mechanical (magnetic bars and sweeping mats) to replace FOD removal equipment such as rumble strips (also known as “FOD Shakers”).
One drawback of most of such technology is the requirement for new expensive equipment. Another drawback is the need for training in the use of said new equipment. A third, drawback of existing FOD detection and removal equipment is that while magnetic bars can be suspended beneath tugs and trucks pick up metallic material, they need to be cleaned regularly to prevent them from dropping the collected debris. Additionally, said magnetic bar can only remove magnetic materials while leaving FOD made of ceramic, rare earth, alnico metals, titanium and aluminum alloys, some stainless steels, and plastics.
At airports, research shows foreign object debris (FOD) can be highly detrimental to aircraft ground operations. FOD is any unwanted piece of material-steel, plastic, asphalt, passenger item-on an airside pavement surface (tarmac) at airports that could potentially damage an aircraft and/or ground vehicles. Runway FOD includes various objects, more specifically parts fallen from aircraft or vehicles, broken ground equipment, birds, among others that are present on a runway that may adversely affect fast-moving aircraft.
Sweeping is required to remove FOD. It may be done manually (which is prohibitable expensive) or with the airfield sweeper, which is the most effective equipment for removing FOD from airside surfaces. The sweeper removes debris from cracks and pavement joints, and should be used in all areas except for those that can be reached only with a hand broom.
Costs related to failures to remove FOD can be very expensive. Airlines spend millions of dollars every year in direct (damage to aircraft) and indirect (flight delays) damages. To combat FOD, there are many airfield sweepers on the current market that collect FOD effectively; however, they all have one drawback in common. To collect the debris, current products rely on an additional tow vehicle thus requiring additional energy and logistics, including additional airside ground vehicle movements and personnel to operate said vehicles.
In the prior art, a sweeper attachment for a refuse collection vehicle that utilizes either a conveyor system or a vacuum system to transport debris from a road surface to a collection body of the refuse collection vehicle has been disclosed. Consider U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,929 to Harker Jan. 24, 1978 (Mechanism for compacting material), or 2013/0322994 (Front-Loadable Refuse Container Having Side-Loading Robotic Arm with Motors And Other Mass Mounted At Rear Of Container And Use Of Same With Front-Loading Waste-Hauling Vehicle Having Hydraulic Front Forks Or Other Retractably Engageable Lift Means), among others. Additionally, a sweeper attachment which allows for the same vehicle to be used for two purposes including sweeping roadway surfaces has been disclosed by prior art. Consider U.S. Pat. No. 10,815,629 Goedken, et al. Oct. 27, 2020.
A typical adjusting vertical suspension is configured as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,371,940 Patented Mar. 5, 1968 VEHICLE VARIABLE HEIGHT SUSPENSION SYSTEMS by Alex H. Sinclair, et al.
There is a need for an improved FOD collection method that does not require additional energy, personnel, and logistics. The present invention could be implemented to address this problem and may be employed in non-airport settings.
While both ideas of attaching a sweeping mechanism to an existing vehicle are similar, the idea that makes the present invention unique compared to the garbage truck sweeper for example relates to both the structure that attaches to an existing vehicle and to other advantages. More specifically, the present invention discloses a support structure that can be attached and removed from the underside of an existing vehicle in between the front and rear axles, such as an airport ground support equipment (GSE). Airport GSE is used to service airplanes between flights. Services include refueling, towing airplanes or luggage/freight carts, loading luggage/freight, transporting passengers, loading potable water, removing sewage, loading food, de-icing airplanes, and firefighting. The present invention, which may be retrofitted to GSE is capable of removing foreign object debris (FOD) from planar surfaces such as airside surfaces.
With solely this support structure a sweeping mechanism is not designed to be attached communicating with GSE Baggage Carts. An advantage of the present invention is the capability transforming baggage carts into cleaning machines. The present invention incorporates a combination of track rollers and linear rails to allow the dynamical reconfiguration of the sweeping mechanism, thus surmounting the shortcomings of the prior art, namely static positioning of sweeping elements.
The prior art requires a permanent communication between a sweeping element and the GSE vehicle, thus limiting said GSE to a particular function, or the cleaning element to a particular GSE. The present invention overcomes this shortcoming by employing tabs. The advantage of tabs lies in that it enables the present invention to be moved for use from one GSE to another. The benefit of this feature is that the present invention may be moved from GSE to GSE as said GSEs require maintenance.
Novel structural equipment is needed, namely the cart like structure that rides along the support structure. The cart like structure enables a sweeping mechanism to attach. A turntable that is a part of the cart like structure provides 360° movement for the sweeping mechanism, attached below. Direction of travel of the existing vehicle will not cause damage to either the vehicle or sweeping mechanism.
The cart like structure also contains track rollers that enable the entire assembly (the cart like structure and sweeping mechanism) to move linearly back and forth along the horizontal support structure. This allows for specific placement of the entire assembly anywhere along the support structure. In this case, allowing the entire assembly to be accessible outside the confines of a tight space under an existing vehicle (GSE Baggage Cart). Once assembled, the sweeping mechanism attached to the cart like structure can be moved from the edge of an existing vehicle to any location along the support structure. In this case, to the center of a GSE Baggage Cart. This also allows for removal and disposal of the collected debris without the need to go under an existing vehicle as all access to the sweeping mechanism is done from the side of the existing vehicle.
The present invention ameliorates the cost of implementing FOD detection and removal technologies by retrofitting baggage carts with FOD detection and removal technologies. The present invention discloses imaging technology integrated with artificial intelligence which communicates with automatic alert systems.
In short, this invention is unique when compared to the garbage truck sweeper due to the cart like structure that rides along the support structure 38 (the structure attached to an existing vehicle). The cart like structure allows the connected sweeping mechanism to rotate 360° as well as move linearly as one unit along the support structure 38. This combination of movement allows all interactions between worker and sweeping mechanism to be performed at the edge of the existing vehicle rather than underneath it.
The mechanical or stationary mechanism to collect debris from hard surfaces is unique compared to existing systems because an extra vehicle is not needed; instead, a support structure attached under pre-existing vehicles, such as a GSE Baggage Cart, between the front and rear axles. A cart-like structure rides along the support structure and a mechanical or stationary mechanism can be attached and removed from this cart-like structure.
The primary design goals considered when developing the support structure 38 and cart like structures include: 1. attachment and removal from a pre-existing vehicle, 2. linear movement of the attached mechanical or stationary mechanism, 3. 360° rotational movement of the attached mechanical or stationary mechanism. Ultimately, the installation of the support structure 38, and associated cart like structure, gives any pre-existing vehicle a dual purpose; specifically, GSE baggage carts will now have the ability to transport passenger's luggage as well as clean FOD from tarmacs. The support structure 38 and cart like structures has been designed and prototyped with input from industry experts and has been designed and tested on an existing GSE Baggage Carts. The support structure is attached to the underside of the H or I frame of a pre-existing GSE Baggage Cart, between the front and rear axles, and can be attached and removed with nuts and bolts. The cart like structure, upon which the mechanical or stationary mechanism is attached, rides along the support structure 38. The support structure 38 and cart like structures could also be used to retrofit any pre-existing vehicle, giving any vehicle a dual purpose, including fields other than aviation.
This provisional patent application has been improved in a number of ways compared to the prior art.
The present invention discloses a support structure 38 and cart like structures used to attach a mechanical or stationary mechanism to a GSE Baggage Cart. The two major aspects of the newly designed support structure 38 and cart like structures are the ability for the cart like structure to ride linearly along the support structure 38. This allows accessibility to the mechanical or stationary mechanism at the edge of a GSE Baggage Cart to remove collected debris from the collection hopper. The other major aspect is the ability for the mechanical or stationary mechanism to rotate 360° about the cart like structure. In short, the support structure 38 and cart like structures are the enabling medium allowing the mechanical or stationary mechanism to operate under a GSE Baggage Cart.
In addition, the mechanical or stationary mechanism attached to the cart like structure, riding along the support structure 38, has improvements. Most significantly, a suspension system has been added to the mechanical mechanism to ensure the drive wheels that power the mechanical mechanism are in constant contact with the ground. More so, additional gearing allows a bristle system to spin opposite of the drive wheels. The collection hopper's design has also improved for easy access when removing collected debris and the addition of a magnet for collection of metallic objects.
The support structure is designed and fabricated with steel components including: linear rails and linear rail cross members with tabs to allow attachment to an existing vehicle. The cart like structure that rides along the support structure 38 is designed and fabricated with steel components including: linear rail track rollers, steel plates, solid surface rectangular turntable, and hitch receiver. All components for both structures are welded and/or connected with nuts and bolts.
Also disclosed in
In a preferred embodiment, said light is resettable and can differentiate between inputs such that said operator can determine which condition described herein is triggering illumination. For example, if the brush of the cylindrical bristle sweeper 19 has shortened too much as indicated by weight sensor 54, a blinking illumination associated with such condition would indicate said brush should be lowered by a quarter of an inch. If illumination is solid, the operator is notified that the cylindrical bristle sweeper mechanism 19 should be replaced. In still other embodiments said light may be color coded communicating different operating instructions for specific colors such as red meaning to stop the GSE for uncollected debris as signaled to computer 47 from first camera 51 and second camera 52; a blue indicator may indicate a need to replace drive wheels from information collected by height sensor 53.
Now referring to
The present invention's removability capability feature results from 37 the use of tabs (insertable rigid connectors). More particularly, male tabs 33 affix to the rigid tab support attachment 31 which in turn is attached to support structure 38. Whereas female tabs 32 are attached to communication element 37 which in turn is connected to the existing GSE structure 14. The use of tabs allows the present invention to remain in a relatively fixed position while in use while simultaneously allowing the present invention to be removed easily.
Existing GSE structure 14 may be composed of parallel and perpendicular elements. The present invention may be attached in any orientation. Consequently, the present invention may be oriented either parallel or perpendicularly to the GSE's direction of movement. In the preferred embodiment, all elements of the present invention are located within the area defined by the footprint of the GSE vehicle. However, in an embodiment where GSE has only operational side, such as a single-door baggage hauler, the present invention may optionally beyond said confines.
Communication element 37 is in communication with support structure 38 via at least one female tab 32 and at least one male tab 33. Said male tab 33 is supported by a rigid tab support attachment 31 for affixing to support structure 38 linear rail tops of specific cross members, allowing attachment to an existing vehicle's structure. In addition, the open side of the support structure 38 contains two slightly staggered slits, one on each of the linear rails. The staggered slits are cut into the linear guide rails and rigid plate blockers are placed at both slit locations, limiting the movement of the cart like structure that rides along the rail system.
The present invention discloses a support structure 38 depicted in
The present invention discloses track rollers 6 as shown in
As depicted in
The present invention discloses rigid rod 7 in communication with cart-like structure 5 and rigid plate 8. Rigid rod 7 is capable of moving cart-like structure 5 forward and back along linear rail 1.
The present invention discloses rigid plate 8 in communication with rigid rod 7 and cart-like structure plate-blockers 4. Said rigid plate 8 is capable of restricting linear movement of cart-like structure 5 while in operation.
Also disclosed is at least one turntable 9. Said at least one turntable 9 is composed of a top element 9A and a bottom element 9B, which communicate by ball bearings (not shown) disposed therebetween. Said top element 9A communicates with cart-like structure 5. Said bottom element 9B communicates with second rigid sheet 10A. Second rigid sheet 10A is permanently affixed to second hitch receiver 11A. Turntable 9 is capable of 360 rotation permitting the sweeping mechanism to move freely without respect to the direction of movement of the external GSE. It should be noted original rigid sheet 10 is attached to cart-like structure 5, and hitch receiver 11 is attached to rigid sheet 10.
Now referring to
A sweeping mechanism 39 communicates with hitch receiver 11. Sweeping mechanism 39 is comprised of hitch shank 27 which communicates to mechanical sweeper frame 17. Mechanical sweeper frame 17 has a first end 17A and a second end 17B. Mechanical sweeper frame first end 17A communicates with shock absorber 15. Shock absorber 15 has a first end 15A and a second end 15B. More specifically, mechanical sweeper frame second end 17B communicates with shock absorber first end 15A. Said shock absorber second end 15B communicates with trailing arm 41 (shown in
Mechanical sweeper frame first end 17A communicates with rotatable hooper arm 25. Rotatable hooper arm 25 via at least one pivot joint 43 making rotatable hopper arm 25 capable of movement. Said rotatable hopper arm 25 communicates with skid plate 34 and magnet support 35. Magnet support 35 supports magnet 26 as shown in
Additionally, sweeping mechanism 39 also has a spring-loaded pin hitch 36 which communicates with mechanical sweeper frame first end 17A as well as rotatable hopper arm 25. Generic gear/chain/belt assembly 18 communicates with drive wheel 16 as shown in
Said cylindrical bristle sweeper 19, gear/chain/belt assembly 18, and drive wheel 16 communicate with each other via a series of sprockets, gears and mesh. Said cylindrical bristle sweeper 19 is supported by bristle support arm 42. Said bristle support arm 42 communicates with a bristle height adjustment/jack screw 20 which, in turn, communicates with mechanical sweeper frame 17.
Still further, sweeping mechanism 39 also has a collection hopper 24 which communicates with rotatable hopper arm 25. Said collection hopper 24 is slidably removable via rails (not shown) mounted on rotatable hopper arm 25.
Sweeping mechanism 39 further comprises a ramp subassembly 44. Ramp subassembly 44 comprises ramp 22, a chain 23, and ramp guides 45. Ramp 22 has a first end 22A communicating with mechanical sweeper frame 17, and a second end 22B communicating with ramp 22. Chain 23 has a first end 23A communicating with mechanical sweeper frame 17, and a second end 23B communicating with ramp second end 22B. Ramp first end 22A communicates with ramp guides 45 making device capable of raising or lowering ramp 22. Ramp guides 45 is a vertical support element fixing the position of the top of ramp 22A.
Sweeping mechanism 39 further comprises curtain 21 which communicates with mechanical sweeper frame 17.
Still referring to
Bottom end 20B of bristle height adjuster (jack screw) 20 is attached to spring 56 at one end, and spring 56 is attached to weight sensor (scale) 54. Weight sensor 54 is attached to the most elevated surface of bristle support arm 42 as illustrated in
Wear on drive wheels 16 is detected using a height sensor on drive wheel axle 53 is attached to the terminus of drive wheel axle 300. Said height sensor 53 is preferably an aftermarket ride-height sensor which electronically tracks distance between a vehicle's underside and the surface of the ground, said height sensor 53 being adapted to communicate with said computer 47. When drive wheel axle 300 drops approximately one inch closer to the surface for approximately one minute said height sensor 53 provides an eleventh signal to 47. Upon receipt of said eleventh signal computer 47 will send a twelfth signal to light 48. Upon receipt of said twelfth signal from computer 47, light 48 will illuminate.
Referring primarily to
Referring to
In a preferred embodiment, the rigid components are fabricated of steel or other durable metal.
In a preferred embodiment, at least two rigid rails are deployed in parallel are fabricated of steel or other durable metal.
Other embodiments not disclosed in detail include: (1) modifying the linear rails 1 by rotating one or more of the linear rail cross members 2 along the axis of the linear rails 1; (2) framing linear rails 1 to provide additional strength and avoid breakage to the connections with linear rail cross members 2; (3) adding fixture points for additionally moveable linear rail cross-members 2; (4) application of the current invention to non-GSE vehicles by modifying communication elements to affix to standard vehicular undercarriages; (5) replacing pin-communication between GSE element and the present invention with a spring or dynamically adjustable height mechanism to compensate for height of GSE.
Sensor specifications-infrared (IR) LED transmitter and a separate receiver. Both can be powered by 5V battery or from the I/O Expander DC output. The range is 1″ to 20″. The output signal from the receiver is connected to one input on the I/O Expander block. Said output block communicates Its output to the baggage cart driver by configuring with baggage cart driver.
More specifically, the present invention incorporates the same, an IR transmitter and IR receiver are commonly used to control electronic devices wirelessly. In the preferred embodiment the alert system consists of an IR receiver sensor that is used to receive an output signal from the IR based remote transmitter, a light visible to a baggage cart diver and. More particularly, a light visible to a baggage cart operator is illuminated when the signal from the remote IR transmitter to the IR remote receiver is terminated.
In the preferred embodiment said signal works on a frequency of 38 Khz. Additionally, the IR receiver includes a photodetector and preamplifier inside it (allowing the IR receiver to be a low power device that is highly immune to ambient light while enabled to senses modulated IR pulses and convert them into electrical signal. Said IR transmitter uses a LED which consumes 20 mA current and 3 volts of power. IR LEDs have light-emitting angle of approx. 20-60 degree and range of approx. six feet. Said IR receiver communicates (via electrical wire or by wireless means) to an LED light (visible to the baggage cart operator). Said light is power by a battery which powers the IR transmitter and IR receiver. A sample circuit wiring diagram for IR transmitter is depicted in
Notes for circuits shown above: Thin small outline package (TSOP) is a type of surface mount IC package. They are very low-profile (about 1 mm) and have tight lead spacing (as low as 0.5 mm). Both circuits shown above are RC circuits which have a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C) connected in series with a power source. Transistors are identified in schematics with a reference designator (REFDES) starting with the letter “Q” and “D” is for diode. “B” is for circuit breaker. VCC (Voltage Common Collector) is the higher voltage with respect to GND (ground). VCC is the power input of a device. “DC” means direct current.
Referring still to
Embodiment with Suspension
Traditional GSE such as baggage carts do not contain any suspension systems—as end of lifecycles of these older carts approach, newer, more refined GSE baggage carts are emerging in the market. One major change in the newer carts is an integrated suspension system.
In older GSE carts without suspensions, clearance from ground to underside of cart was relatively steady; with only minimal differences from cart to cart, primarily due to cart tire pressures and/or manufacturers. Introducing suspension systems to carts will create variable ground clearances-both from uneven road surfaces and the loading/unloading of baggage weight.
To ensure mechanical (or non-mechanical) devices riding the underside of GSE baggage carts (or any existing vehicle) can remain at the same relative ride height, a suspension system can be added to the FOD removal device itself. The device's suspension system will allow the mechanical or non-mechanic device to properly operate with variable ground clearance.
One embodiment for a adjusting vertical suspension for a foreign object debris removal element to compensate for baggage cart height changes is a system comprising a foreign object debris removal element, spring means on said foreign object debris removal element (such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,840,813, support means on said foreign object debris removal element connected to said spring means, wheels on said spring means, motion translating means connected to said support means and said spring means, power means and valve means to control motion of said motion translating means whereby upon said valve means being positioned to a desired foreign object debris removal element ground clearance, power is supplied to aid motion translating means through said valve means rotating said spring means to provide the desired ground clearance, said spring means comprising a torsion bar within a torsion tube disposed laterally and interiorly of said foreign object debris removal element, and a shock absorber disposed on the exterior of said vehicle, the same being connected to said torsion bar by means of an arm on said foreign object debris removal element wheels.
A typical adjusting vertical suspension is configured as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,371,940 (Mar. 5, 1968) for Vehicle Variable Height Suspension Systems by Alex H. Sinclair, et al. of Detroit, Mich.
As previously stated, foreign object debris (FOD) is detrimental to both aircraft and personnel. The majority of FOD generation occurs in areas of high ground movements. In this case, the tarmac areas surrounding aircraft gates. While the addition of newer FOD removal technologies improves the chance of FOD removal, redundancies and multiple systems operating in unison will create higher FOD removal success rates; particularly, non-human alert systems.
More specifically, new FOD technologies can assist in removal of FOD. In conjunction, and if and when these new removal technologies falter, backup systems can detect any missed debris not collected. The addition of continually scanning cameras and subsequent built-in alert systems for any missed debris by new FOD removal technologies can ensure the pickup of all FOD.
The image comparison software uses two offset cameras as imaging detecting systems. The processing is done using defined image comparison techniques. More specifically, a first camera 51 and second camera 52 acquire reference image data representing the first camera's 51 data to form a reference gradient image, of each pixel of which represents a value of a two-dimensional (2D) gradient of irradiance distribution associated with the reference sample. The software determines a reference edge image data representing a position of an edge associated with the first camera's 51 databased on the reference gradient image data. Subsequent, forming a reference binary image data by assigning a first value to first pixels of the reference gradient image data that correspond to the edge associated with the reference sample, and assigning a second value to the remaining pixels of the reference gradient image, the second value being different from the first value. Once said reference images are stored, reference binary image is created from the reference binary image data. Based on the comparison of pixelized data from the two cameras using a processing unit, the inverted reference binary image with the image of the second camera's 52 data to form a comparison image, said comparison image being devoid of an edge that is associated with both the first camera's 51 data and the first camera's 51 data.
Again referring to
New FOD removal technologies without proper alert systems, particularly devices in hard to reach and mostly hidden areas, could pose FOD generation, rather than prevention. Additionally, new devices will need proper maintenance to operate and maintain strict FAA regulations. To help alleviate human interaction and errors, new FOD removal technologies need to be self-sufficient in terms of wear cycles and when specific components need replacement.
Specific to brushes, replacement brushes will be required as bristles wear over time. Instead of relying on human interaction, sensors and new technologies can help determine optimal replacement schedules.
New FOD removal technologies without proper alert systems, particularly devices in hard to reach and mostly hidden areas, could pose FOD generation, rather than prevention. Additionally, new devices will need proper maintenance to operate and maintain strict FAA regulations. To help alleviate human interaction and errors, new FOD removal technologies need to be self-sufficient in terms of wear cycles and when specific components need replacement.
Specific to wheels, replacement wheels will be required as rubber wears over time. Instead of relying on human interaction, sensors and new technologies can help determine optimal replacement schedules.
New FOD removal technologies without proper alert systems, particularly devices in hard to reach and mostly hidden areas, could pose FOD generation, rather than prevention. Additionally, new devices will need proper maintenance to operate and maintain strict FAA regulations. To help alleviate human interaction and errors, new FOD removal technologies need to be self-sufficient in terms of wear cycles.
In mechanical sweepers, brushes sweep FOD efficiently into collection bins. As the brush bristles wear, the entire brush height needs to lower to maintain proper bristle contact with the ground. With a brush assembly suspended, and lack of automatic lowering technologies, human interaction will be required to lower the brush height-potentially decreasing effectiveness of new FOD removal technologies. To ensure optimal efficiency and safety, sensors and automatic lowering devices can be added to the mechanical device. In combination with previously mentioned new detection technologies, a new generation of FOD removal devices can seamlessly transition into the FOD removal industry with little need of supervision and interaction by error prone humans.
Various other modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments also can be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment also can be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
The current invention is capable of exploitation in the airline industry most particularly, wherein FOD (foreign object debris) can be hazardous on aprons, hangars, ramps, runways, taxiways, and other airside surfaces or tarmac traversed by airplane tires. The application teaches a detachable apparatus which is at once convenient and economical in that it enhances the capabilities of existing GSE (ground support equipment) such as baggage-card transports by enabling them to remove FOD. Those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of the current invention to other industries using, by way of example and not limitation, fork-lifts or golf carts, to promote safety.
