Patent Application
20200262716
The present invention relates in general to the field of paving systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a permeable paving system utilizing a ground water filtration system. Specifically, a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a permeable paving system utilizing a high filtration media and at least one geogrid fabric on at least one layer of stone to direct fluid seepage on the paving system to a desired runoff storage area.
As is known to those skilled in the art, paving systems historically create a surface impervious to rain. The water that falls on the traditional impervious paved surface runs off the edge of the paving surface rather than being absorbed into the ground beneath the paved surface. It is recognized that an increasing number of paved surfaces and the subsequent storm water runoff from these paved surfaces contribute to lowered water tables and rising stream levels. Thus, it is a previously recognized problem with paving systems that storm water runoff needs to be effectively managed. In addition to rain, traditional impervious paved systems may be exposed to fluid spills and other pollutants that create large pools which need to be cleaned or removed from the paving system. The storm water runoff can carry debris, sedimentation, and other pollutants that can decrease the water quality.
Historically, it was known in the prior art to manage storm water using a curb and gutter system to guide storm water into sewer systems. More recently the storm water has been guided into detention basins to allow the water to be stored closer to the paved surface. Needless to say, it is desirable to provide a permeable pavement system allowing storm water to drain through the paving system and to be absorbed into the ground under the paving system, minimizing the need for any additional storm water management system.
However, certain sediments or dissolved contaminants may prove to be harmful to a sewer system. An example of a harmful sediment on a paved system is contaminated silts and sediments, or perhaps spilled fuel. Fuel can damage a sewer system and can be toxic to plants and wildlife, if drained to a reservoir. Therefore, it is desired to filter out contaminants on the permeable paving system prior to outflowing to a reservoir or holding area.
One recognized approach to solving the problem of being dependent on the subgrade and soil for infiltration involves the use of underground storage systems. These storage systems are typically made of plastic or steel and have several feet of aggregate dumped on top of them. In addition to the aggregate layer, a sand layer may be added or used for the benefit of additional filtration. A disadvantage of this approach is the inability to clean out the underground storage systems once they are filled with sedimentation and particulates from storm water runoff. Therefore, a preferred solution will manage the storm water runoff to improve infiltration of the water into any type of soil and, if it becomes necessary, will allow for sedimentation to be cleaned out from the water storage system.
It is known to those with skill in the art that a filter media may collect contamination within passing liquid, such as storm water, and remove any undesired sediments therefrom. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,106,706 discloses a filter apparatus for filtering storm water. While this filter can stop gross pollution, such as twigs, branches, or litter, this filtration system does not help to control the flow of the runoff liquid, nor does it help to control smaller sediments or liquid pollutants. Additional problems not addressed are dissolved contaminants, such as phosphorous or dissolved phosphorous in the runoff or fuel runoff entering the system in place of storm water.
What is needed therefore is a ground water filtration system to remove runoff to improve the water quality of this liquid into any type of soil. Further, what is also needed is a method or system to remove sediments from the runoff so as to have clean filtered waste entering a sewer system or reservoir. Heretofore, these requirements have not been fully met without incurring various disadvantages.
Consistent with the foregoing and in accordance with the invention as embodied and broadly described herein, a permeable pavement system and ground water filtration system are disclosed in suitable detail to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. A primary object of the present invention is to permit water runoff to be cleared from an area. Another object of the invention is to permit filtration of the water runoff so as to produce clean outflow for a sewer system or reservoir or the like. Another object of the invention is to permit easy access to the filtration system so as to permit ease of replacement, repair, or maintenance of the ground water filtration system.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, a ground water filtration system includes a geogrid or geotextile fabric. This fabric contains and separates the runoff so as to control the direction of fluid flow, preferably, to an outflow area or reservoir. Other aspects utilize a hard clay soil which is preferably impervious so as to manage flow direction. Preferably, a plurality of tank or arched storage modules is integral with the geogrid or geotextile fabric or integral with the hard clay soil or other impervious material utilized. Preferably, the fluid flow is directed to an outflow pipe which receives the fluid and routes the fluid to a tank, reservoir, or the like, away from the ground water filtration system.
Above the geogrid or geotextile fabric is at least one layer of stone with a surface-to-air height ranging from a few inches to several feet, and preferably twenty-two to twenty-six inches. When properly compacted, the clean, angular stone layer provides a strong foundation and restricts shifting or any type of movement. Additionally, the stone acts as a natural filter, so as to eliminate large pollutants or gross contamination of the ground water filtration system.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a second geogrid or geotextile fabric is laid upon the stone. In another aspect, the second geogrid or geotextile fabric is not provided.
Resting upon the second geogrid or geotextile fabric, or upon the stone, if the second fabric is not utilized, is a permeable paving system having a plurality of blocks with each block having an upper surface, a lower surface generally parallel to and spaced apart from the upper surface, and a pair of parallel ducts extending vertically adjacent the block between the upper surface and the lower surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a ground water filtration system includes a first a first geogrid fabric having a first end, a second end, a top side, and a bottom side, a first layer of stone having a top side, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side in direct contact with the top side of the first geogrid fabric, a second layer of stone having a top side, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side in direct contact with the top side of the first layer of stone, and a second geogrid fabric having a top side and a bottom side in direct contact with the top side of the second layer of stone. Further, a permeable paving system having a top surface and a lower surface is in direct contact with the top side of the second geogrid fabric. The permeable paving system includes a plurality of parallel ducts extending through the permeable paving system and between an upper surface of the permeable paving system and a lower surface of the permeable paving system. In addition, an outflow pipe is fluidically coupled to and extending into the first stone layer.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method of filtering runoff liquid from a paved area includes positioning a first water filtering fabric upon an earthen surface, pouring a first layer of stone upon the first water filtering fabric, disposing an outflow pipe partially within the first layer of stone at a first side of the first layer of stone, pouring a second layer of stone upon the first layer of stone, and positioning a second water filtering fabric upon the second layer of stone. Finally, the method includes setting a layer of permeable blocks upon the second water filtering fabric to form the paved area.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a water run off filtration system includes a first water filtering fabric, a first layer of stone disposed above the first water filtering fabric, a second layer of stone disposed above the first layer of stone, a second water filtering fabric disposed above the second stone layer, a layer of blocks disposed above the second water filtering fabric to form a permeable paving surface. In addition, an outflow pipe is fluidically coupled to the first stone layer.
These, and other aspects and objects of the present invention will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following description, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, is given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.
A clear conception of the advantages and features constituting the present invention, and of the construction and operation of typical mechanisms provided with the present invention, will become more readily apparent by referring to the exemplary, and therefore non-limiting, embodiments illustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate the same elements in the several views, and in which:
In describing the preferred embodiment of the invention which is illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. For example, the words “connected”, “attached”, or terms similar thereto are often used. They are not limited to direct connection but include connection through other elements where such connection is recognized as being equivalent by those skilled in the art.
The present invention and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments described in detail in the following description.
Turning initially to
The tank module 32 is provided as additional storage for storm water or runoff. The modular tanks are primarily adapted for underground retention, infiltration, and recycling of runoff, storm water, or other liquid. The location of the tank modules is preferably integrated with the unused section of the first geogrid fabric within a cavity 58, which allows for the tank modules to later be accessed for removal, replacement, or maintenance. The tank modules may be a variety of different heights, widths, and lengths depending on the specific application thereof. By way of example, one potential tank module provides 2.3 cubic feet of volume up to a large size 20.34 cubic feet of volume. Naturally, the size and volume of the tank modules will vary depending on the design and use.
Located upon the top side 21 of the first geogrid fabric 20 is a first layer of stone 24 having a top side 28, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side 26, wherein the bottom side 26 rests upon the top side 21 of the first geogrid fabric 20. The first layer of stone 24 is laid in a manner away from the geogrid fabric 20 and, thus, encompasses a height 29 that provides a foundation for later use. The height 29 typically is between twelve inches to thirty inches, but it is contemplated that the height may vary from a few inches to several feet and stay within the concept of the present invention. The first layer of stone 24 may be any type of stone, but a preferred embodiment is 2 inch to 3 inch diameter clean, angular stone. One example of this is American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials #2 or #3 stone. This is not a required stone size or measurement and is merely provided as an example of a stone that provides ample stability.
The bottom side of the first layer of stone 26 is placed upon a majority of the top side 21 of the geogrid fabric 20, but the first layer of stone 24 does not cover the entirety of the first geogrid fabric 20. The uncovered section 23 of the first geogrid fabric 20, which is not covered by the first layer of stone 24, is the basis of a cavity 58 wherein an outflow pipe 30 is situated.
The outflow pipe 30 is appropriate for lower infiltrating (i.e. clay) soils or overflow during large storm events. The outflow pipe 30 is adapted to receive liquid, such as storm water, and this can route said liquid to a holding tank, a reservoir, or the like. As such, the outflow pipe 30 moves liquid out of the ground water filtration system 100 and moves the liquid to a more desirable area. In one embodiment contemplated herein, an outflow pipe 30 is fitted with a flowmeter to indicate the flow rate of egressed liquid. The flowmeter (not depicted) allows for monitoring of the outflow rate going through the outflow pipe 30 without having to directly view the process.
A second layer of stone 34 having a top side 38, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side 36 resting on the top side of the first layer of stone 28 is utilized. The second layer of stone 34 encompasses approximately the same width as the first layer of stone 24 and having a general height 39 of approximately four to six inches, although the exact height of the second layer of stone 34 may vary from a few inches to several feet without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In certain embodiments of the invention the combination of the heights 29, 39 of the stone layers 24, 34 may total a few inches to several feet. For instance, the total combined height of the stone layers may be as small as 2 inches and as large as 10 feet. These two examples of the total combined height are merely exemplary and do not limit the total combined height of the stone layers as anticipated by the invention. In other embodiment of the invention, the combined height of the stone layers may be between 22 and 26 inches.
While the representative embodiment of the invention depicts two stone layers 24, 34, it is contemplated that various embodiments of the invention may use any number of one or more stone layers. As stated above, the combined height of the one or more stone layers may vary from a few inches to several feet.
A second geogrid fabric 40 having a top side 41 and a bottom side 42 may be extended horizontally across the top side of the second layer of stone 38. Resting on the top side of the second geogrid fabric 41 is a layer of blocks 49 forming a permeable paving system. The layer of blocks 49 is assembled out of a series of blocks 43, wherein each block 43 includes a first side 44, a second side 45, an upper surface 48, and a lower surface 46. The blocks 43 are preferably designed so as to have parallel ducts 47 extending vertically adjacent at least one of the blocks 43 and between the upper surface 48 and the lower surface 46 of the block(s) 43. This allows any liquid, such as storm water or runoff, to be egressed from the upper surface of the blocks 48, also known as the surface of the paving system, to the top side of the second geogrid fabric 40, wherein the liquid runoff may be directed toward the cavity 58 and eventually the outflow pipe 30 of the ground water filtration system 100.
In some embodiments, a third geogrid fabric 50 is utilized on a perpendicular plane with the first geogrid fabric 20 and on an opposite side of the cavity 58 from the first layer of stone 24 and the second layer of stone 34. This third geogrid fabric 50 contains a top side 51, a bottom side 52, a first side 54, and a second side 55. The second side of the third geogrid fabric 55 faces the first layer of stone 24 and the second layer of stone 34. Typically, the third geogrid fabric 50 rests above the outflow pipe 30, but depending on the design of the ground water filtration system 100, the outflow pipe 30 may be in different locations, and the third geogrid fabric 50 may be underneath or both above and beneath the outflow pipe 30. As used herein, when the bottom side of the third geogrid fabric 50 rests upon the top side of the outflow pipe 30, the outflow pipe 30 is said to be below the third geogrid fabric 50. Where the outflow pipe 30 rests upon the top side of the third geogrid fabric 51, the outflow pipe 30 is said to be above the third geogrid fabric 50. The top side third geogrid fabric 51 is generally on the same horizontal plane as the top side of the second layer of stone 38.
A filter 60 is preferably placed within the cavity 58 between the second side of the third geogrid fabric 50 and the first layer of stone 24 and second layer of stone 34. The filter 60 may be encased, such as within a plastic structure to protect the filter 60 from damage. The filter 60 may be encased by a variety of other material, such as geotextile fabrics or membranes, plastic or integral tank modules upon the exterior of the filter 60, or any other material desired without departing from the present invention. The filter 60 has a top side 61 and a bottom side 62, wherein the bottom side of the filter 62 typically rests upon an impervious membrane. The filter 60 is preferably adapted to be easily removed and replaced, for ease of maintenance or repair. One idea contemplated is to encompass a handle upon the top side of the filter 61. Another method contemplated is to utilize a device to loosen or grab the filter 60. The filter 60 may be a plethora of filtration products, as long as the filter 60 is able to remove or attract an amount of undesired particulates. Examples of acceptable filtration products contemplated are silts, sedimentation, iron, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese, or other metals, asbestos, nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and petroleum.
On a horizontal plane with the upper surface of the layer of blocks 48 of the permeable paving system is an access hatch 70. The access hatch 70 is contemplated as one of a variety of openings, such as a manhole cover, a grate, a storm drain, a gutter, or the like. The access hatch 70 comprises a first end 74, a second end 75, a bottom side 76, and a top side 78. The second end of the access hatch 75 rests against the first side of the layer of blocks 44. The top side of the access hatch 78 preferably is horizontally level with the upper surface of the layer of blocks 48, such that there is little to no grading change between the two. The access hatch bottom side 76 comprises the ceiling of the cavity 58 and encases the cavity 58 therein. The unoccupied area between the cavity 58 and the bottom side of the access hatch 76 is the additional void 56, which provides extra area from the filter top side 61. The access hatch 70 is preferably designed to be openable and removable, so as to provide access to the cavity 58 and the filter 60 and tank modules 32 therein.
In this manner, the entire ground water filtration system 100 is adaptable to be removable and replaceable from the filter 60 to the permeable paving system layer of blocks 49, as well as the tank modules 32 and any of geogrid fabrics 20, 40, 50, if necessary.
Turning to
Another option for setting the blocks in a layer is to utilize the method as shown in
Turning now to
Turning next to
In varying embodiments of the invention, the first geogrid fabric 520 may be permeable or non-permeable depending on the application of the filtration system 500. For instance, filtration systems 500 used in applications such as, but not limited to, city streets may include a permeable geogrid fabric 520 to remove the pollutants and organic contaminants from the water runoff while also guiding the water runoff. Conversely, filtration systems 500 may be used in applications such as, but not limited to, gas stations and include a non-permeable geogrid fabric 520 in order to contain the runoff saturated with liquid pollutants.
A first layer of stone 524 is disposed on the top side 521 of the first geogrid fabric 520. The first layer of stone 524 includes a bottom side 526, a top side 528, a first side 525, and a second side 527. As shown in
The first and second sides 525, 527 of the first layer of stone 524 are oriented at an angle between 0 and 90 degrees from the first geogrid fabric 520. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the first and second sides 525, 527 of the first layer of stone 524 are oriented at a 45 degree angle. In varying embodiments of the angle of the first side 525 may be the same or different than the angle of the second side 527. Orienting the first and second sides 525, 527 at an angle, increases the time of contact between the liquid being filtered and the first layer of stone 524. In turn, the amount of contaminants, such as dissolved phosphorous, removed from the liquid being filtered is increased. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle is 45 degrees to maximize contact between the liquid being filtered and the first layer of stone 524. In varying embodiments of the invention, it is contemplated that only one of the first and second sides 525, 527 may be oriented at an angle, while the other of the first and second sides 525, 527 is oriented perpendicular to the first geogrid fabric 520.
The filtration system 500 also includes an outflow pipe 530 aligned with the first layer of stone 524 in order to be fluidically coupled to the first layer of stone 524. The outflow pipe 530 is appropriate for lower infiltrating (i.e. clay) soils or overflow during large storm events. The outflow pipe 530 is adapted to receive liquid, such as storm water, and configured to route the liquid to a holding tank, a reservoir, or the like. As such, the outflow pipe 530 moves liquid out of the ground water filtration system 500 and moves the liquid to a more desirable area. It is contemplated that in certain embodiments of the invention the outflow pipe 530 may be fitted with a flowmeter to indicate the flow rate of egressed liquid. The flowmeter (not depicted) allows for monitoring of the outflow rate going through the outflow pipe 530 without having to directly view the process.
A second layer of stone 534 having a top side 538, a first side 535, a second side 537, and a bottom side 536 resting on the top side 528 of the first layer of stone 524 is utilized. As shown in
In the representative embodiment of the invention, the first geogrid fabric 520 extends beyond the first side 525 of the first layer of stone 524 and beyond the second side 527 of the first layer of stone 524. In turn, the first geogrid fabric 520 includes three portions 520a, 520b, 520c. The first portion 520a has the first layer of stone 524 disposed on it. Meanwhile, the second portion 520b of the geogrid fabric 520 extends upward and at an angle along the first side 525 of the first layer of stone 524, and the third portion 520c of the geogrid fabric 520 extends upward and at an angle along the second side 527 of the first layer of stone 524. As such, the second and third portions 520b, 520c of the first geogrid fabric 520 extend at the same angle as the first and second sides 525, 527 of the first layer of stone 524, respectively.
It is also contemplated, as shown in
In certain embodiments of the invention the combination of the heights 529, 539 of the stone layers 524, 534 may total a few inches to several feet. For instance, the total combined height of the stone layers may be as small as 2 inches and as large as 10 feet. These two examples of the total combined height are merely exemplary and do not limit the total combined height of the stone layers as anticipated by the invention. In other embodiment of the invention, the combined height of the stone layers may be between 22 and 26 inches.
While the representative embodiment of the invention depicts two stone layers 524, 534, it is contemplated that various embodiments of the invention may use any number of one or more stone layers. For example, one embodiment of the invention may use one stone layer, while another embodiment uses three stone layers, while yet another embodiment uses four stone layers, and so on. As stated above, the combined height of the one or more stone layers may vary from a few inches to several feet.
A second geogrid fabric 540 having a top side 541 and a bottom side 542 may be extended horizontally across the top side 538 of the second layer of stone 534. In addition, a layer of blocks 549 is placed on the top side 541 of the second geogrid fabric 540 to form a permeable paving system. The layer of blocks 549 is assembled out of a series of blocks 543. Each block 543 includes a first side 544, a second side 545, an upper surface 548, and a lower surface 546. The blocks 543 are preferably designed so as to have parallel ducts 547 extending vertically adjacent at least one of the blocks 543 and between the upper surface 548 and the lower surface 546 of the block(s) 543 that allow any liquid, such as storm water or runoff, to be egressed from the upper surface 548 of the blocks 543, also known as the surface of the paving system, to the top side 541 of the second geogrid fabric 540. In turn, the liquid runoff may be directed through the layers of stone 524, 534 and toward the outflow pipe 530 of the ground water filtration system 500.
In some embodiments, an additional geogrid fabric may be disposed between the first and second layers of stone 524, 534. For instance, an additional geogrid fabric may be disposed between the top side 528 of the first layer of stone 524 and the bottom side 536 of the second layer of stone 534. In other embodiment of the invention, an additional geogrid fabric may be disposed within a layer of stone. For example, an additional geogrid fabric may be horizontally disposed between the bottom side 526 and the top side 528 of the first layer of stone 524. An additional geogrid fabric may also be horizontally disposed between the bottom side 536 and the top side 538 of the second layer of stone 534. As a result, the filtration system 500 of the present invention may include any number of geogrid fabrics. That is, varying embodiments of the invention may include more or less than the two geogrid fabrics 530, 540 shown in
In this manner, the entire ground water filtration system 500 is adaptable to be removable and replaceable from the permeable paving system layer of blocks 549, as well as any of stone layers 524, 534 and geogrid fabrics 520, 540, if necessary.
Although the best mode contemplated by the inventors of carrying out the present invention is disclosed above, practice of the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be manifest that various additions, modifications, and rearrangements of the features of the present invention may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventive concept.
For example, individual components of the disclosed block and paving unit need not be formed in the disclosed shapes, or assembled in the disclosed configuration, but could be provided in virtually any shape so as to provide a paver block/unit with the novel features, e.g., a cavity capable of storing fluid. Furthermore, all the disclosed features of each disclosed embodiment can be combined with, or substituted for, the disclosed features of every other disclosed embodiment except where such features are mutually exclusive.
It should also be noted that the first layer of stone preferably has a top side, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side, wherein the bottom side of the first layer of stone is in direct contact with the top side of the first geogrid fabric from the edge of the second end of the first geogrid fabric to a location between the first end and second end of the first geogrid fabric. Further, the first layer of stone is one of AASHTO #2 and AASHTO #3 stone and has a height of at least twelve inches to about thirty inches. The depth of the stone layers is largely dependent on the application and soil quality and may be adjusted accordingly. For example, in one application, the first layer of stone maybe less than 6 inches, and in another, it may be several feet deep.
The second layer of stone preferably has a top side, a first side, a second side, and a bottom side, wherein the bottom side of the second layer is in direct contact with the top side of the first layer of stone. In this layer, the stone preferably consists of AASHTO #57 stone and has a height of at least four to about six inches. Again, the types of stone and the depth of this layer may also vary here depending on the application.
It is intended that the appended claims cover all such additions, modifications, and rearrangements. Expedient embodiments of the present invention are differentiated by the appended claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part application claiming priority to U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/935,237, filed on Mar. 26, 2018, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/476,360, filed on Mar. 24, 2017, the entire contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15935237 | Mar 2018 | US |
| Child | 16867246 | US |
