Patent Grant
7634271
This invention relates generally to telecommunications. More particularly, this invention relates to a technique for seamlessly integrating voice and data telecommunication services across a licensed wireless system and an unlicensed wireless system.
Licensed wireless systems provide mobile wireless communications to individuals using wireless transceivers. Licensed wireless systems refer to public cellular telephone systems and/or Personal Communication Services (PCS) telephone systems. Wireless transceivers include cellular telephones, PCS telephones, wireless-enabled personal digital assistants, wireless modems, and the like.
Licensed wireless systems utilize wireless signal frequencies that are licensed from governments. Large fees are paid for access to these frequencies. Expensive base station equipment is used to support communications on licensed frequencies. Base stations are typically installed approximately a mile apart from one another. As a result, the quality of service (voice quality and speed of data transfer) in wireless systems is considerably inferior to the quality of service afforded by landline (wired) connections. Thus, the user of a licensed wireless system pays relatively high fees for relatively low quality service.
Landline (wired) connections are extensively deployed and generally perform at a lower cost with higher quality voice and higher speed data services. The problem with landline connections is that they constrain the mobility of a user. Traditionally, a physical connection to the landline was required.
Currently, unlicensed wireless communication systems are deployed to increase the mobility of an individual using a landline. The mobility range associated with such systems is typically on the order of 100 meters or less. A common unlicensed wireless communication system includes a base station with a physical connection to a landline. The base station has a RF transceiver to facilitate communication with a wireless handset that is operative within a modest distance of the base station. Thus, this option provides higher quality services at a lower cost, but the services only extend a modest distance from the base station.
Thus, there are significant shortcomings associated with current landline systems and licensed wireless systems. For this reason, individuals commonly have one telephone number for landline communications and one telephone number for licensed wireless communications. This leads to additional expense and inconvenience for an individual. It would be highly desirable if an individual could utilize a single telephone number for both landline communications and licensed wireless communications. Ideally, such a system would allow an individual, through seamless handoffs between the two systems, to exploit the benefits of each system.
A method of integrating a licensed wireless system and an unlicensed wireless system includes initiating a wireless communication session in a first region serviced by a first wireless system and maintaining the wireless communication session in a second region serviced by a second wireless system. The first wireless system is selected from the group including a licensed wireless system and an unlicensed wireless system. The second wireless system is the unselected system from the group including the licensed wireless system and the unlicensed wireless system.
The invention also allows the subscriber to roam outside the range of the unlicensed base station without dropping communications. Instead, roaming outside the range of the unlicensed base station results in a seamless handoff (also referred to as a hand over) wherein communication services are automatically provided by the licensed wireless system.
In one embodiment of a system, a mobile station includes a first level 1, level 2, and level 3 protocols for a licensed wireless service. The mobile station also includes a second level 1, level 2, and level 3 protocols for an unlicensed wireless service. An indoor base station is operable to receive an unlicensed wireless channel from the mobile station when the mobile station is within an unlicensed wireless service area. An indoor network controller is coupled to the indoor base station and is adapted to exchange signals with a telecommunications network. The indoor network controller and indoor base station are configured to convert the second level 1, second level 2, and second level 3 protocols into a standard base station controller interface recognized by the telecommunications network. The mobile station, indoor base station, and indoor network controller are configured to establish a communication session on an unlicensed wireless channel using the base station controller interface when the mobile station is within the unlicensed wireless service area.
The invention is more fully appreciated in connection with the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention is directed towards seamlessly providing wireless services to a mobile station (MS) using both a licensed wireless system and an unlicensed wireless system. The unlicensed wireless system is a short-range wireless system, which may be described as an “indoor” solution. However, it will be understood through the application that the unlicensed wireless system includes unlicensed wireless systems that cover not only a portion of a building but also local outdoor regions, such as outdoor portions of a corporate campus serviced by an unlicensed wireless system. The mobile station may, for example, be a wireless phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant, or mobile computer. The “mobile station” may also, for example, be a fixed wireless device providing a set of terminal adapter functions for connecting Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) terminals to the wireless system. Representative of this type of device is the Phonecell line of products from Telular Corporation of Chicago, Ill. Application of the present invention to this type of device enables the wireless service provider to offer so-called landline replacement service to users, even for user locations not sufficiently covered by the licensed wireless system. Throughout the following description, acronyms commonly used in the telecommunications industry for wireless services are utilized along with acronyms specific to the present invention. A table of acronyms specific to this application is included in Appendix I.
However, if the mobile station is within range of an indoor base station (IBS) 128, a wireless session is conducted using an unlicensed channel of an unlicensed wireless system. In one embodiment, the service area of indoor base station 128 is an indoor portion of a building, although it will be understood that the service region of indoor base station 128 may include an outdoor portion of a building or campus. As indicated by second arrow 124, the mobile station 102 may be connected to the telecommunications network 114 via a second data path 124 including an unlicensed wireless channel 126, an unlicensed wireless service indoor base station (IBS) 128, an access network 130, and an indoor network controller (INC) 132 (also described by the inventors of the present application as an “Iswitch”) to voice/data network 114. The indoor network controller 132 also communicates with network 114 using a base station controller interface 190. As described below in more detail, indoor base station 128 and indoor network controller 132 may include software entities stored in memory and executing on one or more microprocessors (not shown in
The unlicensed wireless channel 126 may be an unlicensed, free spectrum (e.g., spectrum around 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz). The unlicensed wireless service may have an associated communication protocol. As examples, the unlicensed wireless service may be a Bluetooth compatible wireless service, or a wireless local area network (IAN) service (e.g., the 802.11 IEEE wireless standard). This provides the user with potentially improved quality of service in the service regions of the unlicensed wireless service. Thus, when a subscriber is within range of the unlicensed base station, the subscriber may enjoy low cost, high speed, and high quality voice and data services. In addition, the subscriber enjoys extended service range since the handset can receive services deep within a building. This type of service range is not reliably provided by a licensed wireless system. However, the subscriber can roam outside the range of the unlicensed base station without dropping communications. Instead, roaming outside the range of the unlicensed base station results in a seamless handoff (also referred to as a hand over) wherein communication services are automatically provided by the licensed wireless system, as described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/115,833, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Mobile station 102 has a microprocessor and memory (not shown) that includes computer program instructions for executing wireless protocols for managing communication sessions. As illustrated in
In one embodiment of the present invention, the mobile station also includes an unlicensed wireless service physical layer 152 (i.e., a physical layer for unlicensed wireless service such as Bluetooth, Wireless local area network, or other unlicensed wireless channel). The mobile station also includes an unlicensed wireless service level 2 link layer 154. The mobile station also includes an unlicensed wireless service radio resource sublayer(s) 156. An access mode switch 160 is included for the mobile management 148 and call management layers 150 to access the unlicensed wireless service radio resource sublayer 156 and unlicensed wireless service link layer 154 when the mobile station 102 is within range of an unlicensed wireless service indoor base station 128
The unlicensed radio resource sublayer 156 and unlicensed link layer 154 may include protocols specific to the unlicensed wireless service utilized in addition to protocols selected to facilitate seamless handoff between licensed and unlicensed wireless systems, as described below in more detail. Consequently, the unlicensed radio resource sublayer 156 and unlicensed link layer 154 need to be converted into a format compatible with a conventional base station controller interface protocol 190 recognized by a MSC, SGSN, or other voice or data network.
Referring to
The licensed wireless service may comprise any licensed wireless service having a defined BSS interface protocol 190 for a voice/data network 114. In one embodiment, the licensed wireless service is a GSM/GPRS radio access network, although it will be understood that embodiments of the present invention include other licensed wireless services. For this embodiment, the indoor network controller 132 interconnects to the GSM core network via the same base station controller interfaces 190 used by a standard GSM BSS network element. For example, in a GSM application, these interfaces are the GSM A-interface for circuit switched voice services and the GSM Gb interface for packet data services (GPRS). In a UMTS application of the invention, the indoor network controller 132 interconnects to the UMTS network using a UMTS Iu-cs interface for circuit switched voice services and the UMTS Iu-ps interface for packet data services. In a CDMA application of the invention, the indoor network controller 132 interconnects with the CDMA network using the CDMA A1 and A2 interfaces for circuit switched voice services and the CDMA A10 and A11 interfaces for packet data services.
In a GSM/GPRS embodiment, indoor network controller 132 appears to the GSM/GPRS core network as a GSM BSS network element and is managed and operated as such. In this architecture the principle elements of transaction control (e.g., call processing) are provided by higher network elements; namely the MSC 116 visitor location registry (VLR) and the SGSN. Authorized mobile stations are allowed access to the GSM/GPRS core network either directly through the GSM radio access network if they are outside of the service area of an indoor base station or via the indoor access network system 100 if they are within the service area of an indoor base station 128.
Since a communication session to the IAN system 100 is transparent to a voice or data network 114, the unlicensed wireless service may support all user services that are typically offered by the wireless service provider. In the GSM case, this preferably includes the following basic services: Telephony; Emergency call (e.g., E911 calling in North America); Short message, mobile-terminated point-to-point (MT/PP); Short message, mobile-originated point-to-point (MO/PP); GPRS bearer services; Handover (outdoor-to-indoor, indoor-to-outdoor, voice, data, SMS, SS). Additionally for GSM, this preferably includes the following supplementary services: Call Deflection; Calling Line Identification Presentation; Calling Line Identification Restriction; Connected Line Identification Presentation; Connected Line Identification Restriction; Call Forwarding Unconditional; Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Busy; Call Forwarding on No Reply; Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Not Reachable; Calling Name Presentation; Call Waiting; Call Hold; Multi Party Service; Closed User Group; Advice of Charge (Information); Advice of Charge (Charging); User-to-user signaling; Barring of All Outgoing Calls; Barring of Outgoing International Calls; Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed to the Home PLMN Country; Barring of All Incoming Calls; Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming Outside the Home PLMN Country; Explicit Call Transfer; Support of Private Numbering Plan; Completion of calls to busy subscribers; Unstructured Supplementary Services Data; SIM Toolkit. Moreover, it preferably includes Regulatory and Other Services such as: lawfully authorized electronic surveillance (also known as “wiretap”); TTY (also known as Telecommunications Device for the Deaf); and Location services.
The IAN-RR protocol supports the IAN “layer 3” signaling functions. This includes the end-to-end GSM signaling between the indoor network controller 132 and mobile station 102, via IAN-RR message relay functions in the indoor base station 128. The indoor network controller 132 is responsible for the interworking between these messages and the analogous A-interface messages. The IAN-RR protocol also supports IAN-specific signaling between the mobile station 102, indoor base station 128 and indoor network controller 132; e.g., for mobile station-to-indoor base station bearer path control.
The radio resource layers in the mobile station include an IAN-RR sub-layer 556 and an IEP sublayer 557. The IAN-radio resource (RR) protocol is conveyed in an IAN Encapsulation Protocol (IEP) over the K1 interface 305, with the IEP being administered by the IEP sublayer 555. The IEP packets are transferred over the K1 interface 305 using the services of an unlicensed wireless service layer 2 connection access procedure (L2CAP) link layer.
The IAN-RR protocol is conveyed in an IAN Transfer Protocol (ITP) over the K2 interface 310 using an ITP module 702. The ITP messages are transferred using an IAN Secure Tunnel (IST) connection between the indoor base station 128 and the indoor network controller 132. The IST may be provided using standard security protocols. The use of the standard Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol 704 running over TCP/IP 706 is shown in
The ITP module also supports non IAN-RR signaling between the indoor base station 128 and the indoor network controller 132. This includes the IBS-to-INC bearer path control signaling. This signaling may trigger, or be triggered by, IAN-RR signaling. We refer to this signaling as the indoor base station Management Application Protocol (IBSMAP) 708.
Referring to
The IAN-GRR RLC entity 955 is responsible for the following tasks. First, it emulates the GPRS RLC layer 905 to provide the expected services to the upper layer protocols. Second, it coordinates with the GPRS RLC 905 entity to manage access mode switching. In one embodiment, the IAN GRR layer includes IANGPRS-SAP and GPRSIAN-SAP interface handlers for access mode switching and modified PLMN/cell reselection behavior in IAN mode.
The IAN GRR entity 955 provides coordination with the GPRS RLC entity 905 through an IAN GPRS-SAP, specifically for access mode switching procedures. The GPRS RLC entity 905 provides coordination with the IAN GRR entity through the GPRSIAN-SAP, specifically for access mode switching procedures.
The basic operation of embodiments of the mobile station, base station, and indoor network controller 132 having been described above in regards to the operation of level 1, level 2, and level 3 layers and voice bearer operation, registration, mobility management, and call management procedures will now be discussed for several embodiments.
Conventional licensed wireless systems include procedures for handing off a communication session to different components of the licensed wireless system. These include, for example, handing off a session to different cells under control of the same base station controller, switching cells under control of different base station controllers but belonging to one MSC, and switching cells under control of different MSCs. In embodiments of the present invention, these protocols have been further adapted to initiate a handoff of a communication session to the unlicensed wireless system when the mobile station is within range of at least one indoor base station controller.
A mobile station 102 is required to register with the base subsystem (BSS) of the network each time the serving location area (or routing area) changes. This provides the network with information regarding the location of the mobile station that may, for example, be used to determine which BTS 108 and BSC 112 will service the communication session. One or more location areas identifiers (LAIs) may be associated with each visitor location register (VLR) in a carrier's network. Likewise, one or more routing area identifiers (RAIs) may be controlled by a single SGSN. In actual implementations, the number of different registration areas controlled by each VLR/SGSN is decided based upon a tradeoff between minimizing network paging and location updating load. The fewer registration areas, the less location updates on the system but the higher the paging load. The higher the number of registration areas, the lower the system paging load but the higher the number of user registrations. A single location area/routing area 1205-y may be associated with multiple base station subsystems (BSS). If this is the case, a mobile-terminated call to a subscriber that is registered in a particular location area will result in paging requests to each BSS associated with that location area. Note that there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between LAI and RAI; there may be multiple GPRS routing areas within a single location area.
Referring to
As illustrated in
In a second umbrella IAN configuration illustrated in
In one embodiment, an IAN registration is performed by the mobile station 102 to manage signal load on the public land mobile network (PLMN) infrastructure. An IAN registration is preferably automatically performed by the mobile set on initial detection of IAN coverage or following a temporary interruption of IAN coverage under certain specific conditions. As described below in more detail, this proactive registration process facilitates seamless handoff for a variety of environments and situations that may be encountered. In one embodiment, an IAN registration does not involve any signaling to the PLMN infrastructure and is wholly contained within the IAN system (i.e., the mobile station, indoor base station and indoor network controller). The IAN registration message delivered to the indoor network controller 132 preferably includes (among other parameters): IMSI; GSM update status, and associated parameters (e.g., LAI and TMSI, if available); GPRS update status, and associated parameters (e.g., RAI and P-TMSI, if available).
In one embodiment, the IAN registration procedure is also used by the indoor network controller 132 to provide the mobile station 102 with the operating parameters associated with the IAN service on the indoor base station 128. This is analogous to the use of the GSM broadcast control channel (BCCH) to transmit system parameters to mobile stations in GSM cells. In this embodiment, the information that is transmitted includes (among other parameters): IAN-LAI (Location Area Identification); IAN-RAI (Routing Area Identification); LAN-CI (Cell Identification); IAN-ARFCN value (for handover purposes); IAN-BSIC value (for handover purposes); Attach/Detach Allowed (ATT) flag setting; GPRS network operating mode; CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, used to “bias” GSM cell selection in favor of cells with the same registration area as the IAN system; BA (BCCH Allocation) List: and Timer values. These parameters are packaged in an IAN-System-Information wrapper. This package is included in the IAN registration response to the mobile station. The package may also be included in other messages to the mobile station in the event that a system parameter update is required.
In one embodiment the mobile station 102 scans for both GSM and IAN radio coverage at power on or anytime when the mobile station 102 is idle and there is no coverage of any type. If only GSM coverage is detected, then the normal GSM mobility management procedure is initiated. If only IAN coverage is detected, then the mobile station 102 establishes a link to the indoor base station 128 and waits for a IAN-LINK-ATTACH message from the indoor base station 128. On receipt of the IAN-LINK-ATTACH message (indicating that the received signal level at the indoor base station 128 has passed a predefined threshold), the mobile station 102 performs the IAN registration procedure. Based upon the information returned, the mobile station 102 then determines if a full network registration is required and if so what type (e.g., GSM or GPRS). If both GSM and IAN coverage are detected, then the mobile station 102 performs the normal GSM mobility management procedure, then performs the IAN registration procedure.
There is also the possibility that a mobile user may initially be outside of the IAN coverage zone but eventually move into the IAN coverage zone. Consequently, in one embodiment, at anytime when the mobile station 102 is idle, in GSM coverage and there is no IAN coverage, the mobile station 102 periodically scans for IAN coverage. If IAN coverage is detected, the mobile station 102 initiates the IAN registration procedure described above.
In some environments, such as inside a building, there may be IAN coverage but no GSM coverage. For this case, it is desirable that GSM scanning and other procedures be performed to enable the mobile station 102 to handoff to GSM upon exiting the IAN coverage zone. In one embodiment, at anytime when the mobile station 102 is idle, in IAN coverage and there is no GSM coverage, the mobile station 102 continues to perform normal GSM PLMN search procedures. If GSM coverage is detected, the mobile station 102 records the identification of the preferred GSM cell for handover or loss of IAN coverage situations. At anytime when the mobile station is idle, in IAN coverage and there is GSM coverage, the mobile station 102 continues to perform normal GSM cell reselection procedures.
In one embodiment, the mobile station 102 records the identification of the preferred GSM cell for handover or loss of IAN coverage situations. At power off with IAN coverage, a detach indication (if required by the PLMN network or normally sent by the mobile station at power off) is sent by the mobile station 102 to the PLMN via the IAN. This indication is encoded per the current GSM mode of operation (e.g., GSM or GPRS). At anytime when the mobile station 102 is operating in IAN mode (i.e., after successful IAN registration on the IAN), the mobile station 102 takes the CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET value into account in it GSM PLMN search and cell reselection procedures; i.e., the offset value “encourages” the mobile station 102 to show preference for a GSM cell in the same registration area as the indoor base station 128.
In one embodiment, voice bearer establishment between the MSC 116 and the mobile station 102 takes place in three stages in the IAN broadband architecture solution: First, the indoor network controller 132 establishes a connection to the MSC-INC circuit allocated by the MSC 116 during the A-interface circuit assignment process. In the broadband architecture, this is a TDM-to-VoIP connection, converting the TDM channel to the MSC 116 into a VoIP channel to the indoor base station 128. Second, the indoor network controller 132 sends a message to the indoor base station 128, directing it to establish VoIP connectivity to the VoIP channel established in step one. Finally, the indoor base station 128 directs the mobile station 102 to establish a voice link over the unlicensed air interface, and the indoor base station 128 connects this channel to the channel established in step two. Acknowledgements are returned from mobile station 102 to indoor base station 128 to indoor network controller 132 to MSC 116, completing the process.
In both cases illustrated in
Referring to the hybrid case of
Referring to
In step f, if ciphering is not necessary, the MSC 116 signals service acceptance via the CM-SERVICE-ACCEPT message. The indoor network controller 132 relays this message to the mobile station 102. The procedure continues at step-g. If ciphering is necessary from the MSC's perspective (not shown in figure), the MSC 116 sends a BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message to the indoor network controller 132, including the Encryption Information parameter. The indoor network controller 132 relays this to the mobile station 102 in the CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message. The mobile station 102 responds with a CIPHER-MODE-COMPLETE message, which the indoor network controller 132 encapsulates in a BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMPLETE message to the MSC 116. The mobile station 102 stores the Cipher Mode Setting. Note that this is only needed to enable ciphering if the call is subsequently handed over to GSM; the request for GSM ciphering does not result in the activation of GSM ciphering for the IAN call. If the BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message includes an identity request (i.e., Cipher Response Mode parameter indicates IMEISV request), then the mobile station 102 includes the mobile station identity in the CIPHERING-MODE-COMPLETE message.
Receipt of either the CM-SERVICE-ACCEPT message or the CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message indicates to the mobile station 102 that the MM connection is established. In step g, on receipt of a confirmation that the MM connection is established (i.e., receipt of the CM-SERVICE-ACCEPT), the mobile station 102 sends a SETUP message to the indoor network controller 132 and the indoor network controller 132 relays a DTAP SETUP message to the MSC 116. The Bearer Capability IE indicates “speech”. In step h, a DTAP CALL-PROCEEDING message is returned to the indoor network controller 132 by the MSC 116. This message is delivered to the mobile station. In step i, a BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT-REQUEST message is sent by the MSC 116 to the indoor network controller 132. A circuit identity code (CIC) for the selected trunk is included in this message. In step j, The indoor network controller 132 establishes a media gateway connection to the endpoint identified by the CIC. In step k, the indoor network controller 132 sends a IBSMAP-ACTIVATE-CH message to the indoor base station 128; this message triggers VoIP channel establishment in the indoor base station 128. The indoor base station 128 relays an IAN-ACTIVATE-CH message to the mobile station 102, triggering voice link establishment between the mobile station 102 and indoor base station 128. In step l, the mobile station-IBS and IBS-INC voice channels are now established and a voice path exists between the indoor network controller 132 and mobile station 102.
In step m, the mobile station returns an IAN-ACTIVATE-CH-ACK message to the indoor base station 128 and the indoor base station 128 returns an IBSMAP-ACTIVATE-CH-ACK message to the indoor network controller 132. The indoor network controller 132 sends a BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT-COMPLETE message to the MSC 116. An end to end bearer path is now established between the MSC 116 and mobile station 102. In step n, the MSC 116 constructs an ISUP LAM using the B subscriber address, and sends it towards the called party's destination exchange PSTN 2505. In step o, the destination exchange responds with an ISUP ACM message. The MSC 116 sends a DTAP ALERTING or PROGRESS message to the indoor network controller 132. The message is propagated to the mobile station 102. ALERTING is used, for example, to direct the mobile station 102 to provide a ringback signal to the calling user; PROGRESS is used, for example, to notify the mobile station that the ringback signal is available inband from the network. Either way, the user hears the ringback tone. In step p, the called party answers and the destination exchange indicates this with an ISUP ACM message. The MSC 116 sends a DTAP CONNECT message to the indoor network controller 132. This in turn is delivered to the mobile station 102. In step q, a chain of acknowledgements are returned completing the two way path at each hop. In step r, the end-to-end two way path is now in place and voice communication begins.
In step c, the GMSC 2605 queries the home location register (HLR) 2610 for routing, sending the MAP Send-Routing-Information request message. The HLR 2610 queries the current serving MSC 116 using the MAP Provide-Roaming-Number request message. In step d, the MSC 116 returns a roaming number, MSRN, in the MAP Provide-Roaming-Number response message and the HLR 2610 relays this to the GMSC 2605 in the MAP Send-Routing-Information response message. In step e, the GMSC 2605 relays the call to the MSC 116. In step f, the MSC 116 sends a BSSMAP PAGING message to all BSCs in the location area, including the indoor network controller. The indoor network controller 132 retrieves the user IAN record corresponding to the IMSI in the PAGING message. If no record is found, or a record is found but the user is not in the active state, the indoor network controller 132 ignores the PAGING message. Otherwise, it sends an IAN-PAGING-REQUEST message to the mobile station. In step g, the mobile station requests the establishment of a logical IAN-RR session from the indoor base station 128 using the IAN-RR-REQUEST message. This message includes the resources that are required for the session (i.e., signaling channel and voice channel). The indoor base station 128 verifies that it can provide the necessary resources to handle the request (i.e., air interface resources and indoor network controller connectivity). In step h, the indoor base station 128 signals its acceptance of the IAN-RR session request. In step l, the mobile station sends an IAN-PAGING-RESPONSE message to the indoor network controller. In step j, optionally, the MSC 116 may initiate the standard GSM authentication procedure. If ciphering is necessary from the MSC's 116 perspective (not shown in figure), the MSC 116 sends a BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message to the indoor network controller 132, including the Encryption Information parameter. The indoor network controller 132 relays this to the mobile station in the CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message. The mobile station 102 responds with a CIPHER-MODE-COMPLETE message, which the indoor network controller 132 encapsulates in a BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMPLETE message to the MSC 116. The mobile station stores the Cipher Mode Setting. Note that this is only needed to enable ciphering if the call is subsequently handed over to GSM; the request for GSM ciphering does not result in the activation of GSM ciphering for the IAN call. If the BSSMAP CIPHER-MODE-COMMAND message includes an identity request (i.e., Cipher Response Mode parameter indicates IMEISV request), then the mobile station 102 includes the mobile station identity in the CIPHERING-MODE-COMPLETE message.
In step k, the MSC sends a DTAP SETUP message to the indoor network controller. The indoor network controller 132 relays the message to the mobile station 102. In step l, on receipt of the SETUP message, the mobile station sends a CALL-CONFIRMED message to the indoor network controller 132. A DTAP CALL-CONFIRMED message is returned to the MSC 116 by the indoor network controller 132. Steps i-m are the same as those described above for
Embodiments of the present invention also permit supplementary GSM services to be provided. GSM has standardized a large number of services. Beyond call origination and termination, the following services shall be supported by the IAN system: Service Standard (Stage 3); Short Message Services 04.11; Supplementary Service Control 04.80; Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) 04.81; Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR) 04.81; Connected Line Identification Presentation (CoLP) 04.81; Connected Line Identification Restriction (CoLR) 04.81; Call Forwarding Unconditional 04.82; Call Forwarding Busy 04.82; Call Forwarding No Reply 04.82; Call Forwarding Not Reachable 04.82; Call Waiting (CW) 04.83; Call Hold (CH) 04.83; Multi Party (MPTY) 04.84; Closed User Group (CUG) 04.85; Advice of Charge (AoC) 04.86; User User Signaling (UUS) 04.87; Call Barring (CB) 04.88; Explicit Call Transfer (ECT) 04.91; and Name Identification 04.96.
These supplementary services involve procedures that operate end-to-end between the mobile station 102 and the MSC 116. Beyond the basic GSM 04.08 direct transfer application part (DTAP) messages already described for MO and MT calls, the following 04.08 DTAP messages are used for these additional supplementary service purposes: CP-DATA; CP-ACK; CP-ERROR; REGISTER; FACILITY; HOLD; HOLD-ACKNOWLEDGE; HOLD-REJECT; RETRIEVE; RETRIEVE-ACKNOWLEDGE; RETRIEVE-REJECT; RETRIEVE-REJECT; RETRIEVE-REJECT; RETRIEVE-REJECT; USER-INFORMATION; CONGESTION-CONTROL. These DTAP message are relayed between the mobile station 102 and MSC 116 by the indoor base station 128 and indoor network controller 132 in the same manner as in the other call control and mobility management embodiments.
It will be understood that an embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer storage product with a computer-readable medium having computer code thereon for performing various computer-implemented operations. The media and computer code may be those specially designed and constructed for the purposes of the present invention, or they may be of the kind well known and available to those having skill in the computer software arts. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to: magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and holographic devices; magneto-optical media such as optical disks; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and execute program code, such as application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), programmable logic devices (“PLDs”) and ROM and RAM devices. Examples of computer code include machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that are executed by a computer using an interpreter. For example, an embodiment of the invention may be implemented using Java, C++, or other object-oriented programming language and development tools. Another embodiment of the invention may be implemented in hardwired circuitry in place of, or in combination with, machine-executable software instructions.
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed; obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, they thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the following claims and their equivalents define the scope of the invention.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/688,470 filed Oct. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,250 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Extending the Coverage Area of a Licensed Wireless Communication System Using an Unlicensed Wireless Communication”, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/419,785, filed Oct. 18, 2002, entitled “Method for Extending the Coverage Area of a Licensed Wireless Communication System Using an Unlicensed Wireless Communication System.” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/688,470 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/419,785 are incorporated in this application by reference.
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