The present invention relates to dental implant surgical bone graft devices and autogenous sinus lift surgery methods.
Conventional apparatus and methods for performing dental implant surgery are very basic, and vulnerable to errors created by the essentially free-hand drilling apparatus and methods widely used. The conventional procedure, after resecting the gum tissue, is to drill a pilot hole into the alveolar bone using a conventional bladed dental drill bit of small diameter, and then to drill successively wider holes using progressively larger conventional bladed drill bits until the required diameter to receive the intended implant anchor is achieved. There is nothing in their structure which would assist the surgeon in maintaining consistent alignment or hole diameter from step-to-step, especially if the surgeon attempted to switch immediately to using a large-diameter drill bit (e.g. in the 4 mm-8 mm range) after providing only a 2 mm or 2.2 mm pilot hole because the small-diameter pilot hole would provide little-to-no directional stability. The unguided free-hand nature of conventional dental drill bits requires multiple, incrementally increasing diameter, free-hand drilling steps.
Although the initial pilot hole provides some assistance in guiding the surgeon, each step essentially amounts to another free-handed drilling operation which introduces additional likelihood of errors in the angular and lateral displacement of the implant hole, with negative consequences for the patient—sometimes potentially severe consequences. Each drilling step introduces additional risk of causing unintended damage to the alveolar bone, through overheating and/or fracturing. Additionally, the requirement for multiple drilling steps substantially increases the time required to perform the procedure, thereby increasing the time the patient is subject to anesthesia—which increases surgical risk and patient discomfort—and reducing the number of patients the surgeon is able to assist in a given block of time, which increases costs.
In general, after teeth extracted the alveolar process is collapsed naturally during its healing procedures. The maxillary posterior teeth are located underneath the maxillary sinus cavity. When the maxillary posterior teeth are missing, and the alveolar process lost the support of the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth the sinus cavity is getting expanded by the force of air and enlarged into the area where the roots of the maxillary teeth used be. As a result, the wall of the maxillary sinus cavity where the maxillary posterior teeth used be is getting thinner.
When dentists plan to place dental implants on the maxillary posterior region to restore the missing teeth it is often found that there is not enough bone mass to embed the implant body. Therefore, bone graft is required into the lower part of maxillary sinus cavity to increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar bone where the maxillary posterior teeth used to be.
There are three materials used commonly for bone graft, autogenous bone graft from patient's own bone from the chin or iliac bone, allograft that is donated bone from others and xenograft from animal bone. Among those bone substitutes, autogenous bone graft is the most desirable material to get the best result. Therefore, years ago autogenous bone graft was performed for the sinus lift for patients that could afford this expensive procedure. But its extensive surgical procedures to get the bone from the patient's own body like the chin bone or iliac bone is very intrusive physically and mentally for the patient, prolongs healing time, and is very expensive such that many (or most) patients cannot afford the procedure. Because of the inconvenience, expense, intrusiveness and discomfort, and the additional surgical time required, allograft or xenograft has been more widely used in dental practices, which are bone harvested from deceased donors and bone harvested from certain animal species.
Thus, there is a need for an improved dental surgical drill system which reduces risk of misalignment errors, reduces the stress imposed on the alveolar bone during drilling procedures, and reduces the time required to perform such procedures, and provides at least a portion of bone graft material by allograft from the osteotomy site.
A guided implant drill system includes a guided implant drill bit with a cutting cylinder having counterclockwise helical cutting blades and flutes and a noncutting guide portion extending from the cutting cylinder, the guide portion having a diameter corresponding to a selected pilot drill bit. The guided implant drill bit may be constant diameter or tapered diameter. The system may include a set of guided implant drill bits having a range of cutting cylinder diameters and lengths. A method of use for a guided implant drill system is also provided.
A method for performing an osteotomy in preparation for installing a dental implant anchor using a set of a guided implant drill bit and guided implant final drill bit includes the steps of:
Step 1: the pilot drill bit is commonly used to initiate drilling on the alveolar bone and to guide for the final drill.
Step 2: set the pilot drill bit on the alveolar bone with the right direction and depth.
Step 3: as soon as the tip of the pilot drill bit drills through the bone, stop drilling and make sure there is no puncture on the maxillary sinus cavity membrane/Schneiderian membrane. If there is a puncture happened use an artificial membrane to block the puncture.
Step 4: the new sinus drill bit is equipped with the guiding tip and sinus stopper. Also the spiral of the blades are designed to cut the alveolar bone to make the bone chips and push them up instead push them out.
Step 5: the new sinus drill bit drills up along the guiding hole that the pilot drill made and push the bone chips up into the sinus cavity through the hole the pilot drill made under the maxillary sinus cavity membrane/Schneiderian membrane.
Step 6: the new sinus drill bit is reached up to the desired depth and the mixture of bone chips and saline solution occupied in the space created by the pressure of saline solution from the dental handpiece.
Step 7: the implant body is placed into the hole and in the sinus under the maxillary sinus cavity membrane/Schneiderian membrane.
The guided implant drill system described and claimed provides important advantages over existing apparatus and methods, including but not limited to: (1) providing directional support for a dental surgeon in carrying out the widening portion of an osteotomy in preparation for a dental implant while providing improved channels for irrigation to minimize risk of bone necrosis due to heat generation and provide efficient bone chip movement; (2) reducing the number of drilling cycles required to complete a preparatory osteotomy; and, (3) providing apparatus and means to complete a preparatory osteotomy with minimum risk of unintentional additional removal of bone from the upper portion of the osteotomy location. Additional benefits include: 1) autogenous bone graft material generated from the osteotomy sit itself, with lessened potential need for artificial bone material; 2) quicker healing times with lower risk of complications; 3) reduced costs to patients, including by eliminating expense for artificial bone graft material and shortened surgical procedures; 4) during the drilling portion of the osteotomy, bone graft material is automatically inserted through the hole made by the pilot drilling; and, 6) the smooth guide portion tip greatly reduces risk of perforating of the sinus membrane.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles and implementations of the invention.
The following table provides a summary of the Reference Numbers used in the Detailed Description and the Drawings:
Before beginning a detailed description of the subject invention, mention of the following is in order. When appropriate, like reference materials and characters are used to designate identical, corresponding, or similar components in different figures. The figures associated with this disclosure typically are not drawn with dimensional accuracy to scale, i.e., such drawings have been drafted with a focus on clarity of viewing and understanding rather than dimensional accuracy.
In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with application and business related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
Use of directional terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below”, “in front of,” “behind,” etc. are intended to describe the positions and/or orientations of various components of the invention relative to one another as shown in the various Figures and are not intended to impose limitations on any position and/or orientation of any embodiment of the invention relative to any reference point external to the reference.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiment(s) without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. It will, of course, be understood that modifications of the invention, in its various aspects, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, some being apparent only after study, others being matters of routine mechanical, chemical and electronic design. No single feature, function or property of the exemplary embodiment(s) is essential. Other embodiments are possible, their specific designs depending upon the particular application. As such, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the particular embodiments herein described but should be defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Referring to
In the embodiment, stopper portion 120 comprises a stop collar of slightly wider diameter than cutting cylinder portion first end 114, and includes first and second beveled surfaces 126, 128, to minimize tissue damage when contacting gingival tissues and to provide improved visibility to the surgeon.
Cutting cylinder portion 104 extends along rotational axis 108 from cutting cylinder portion first end 114 rigidly connected to stopper portion 120 to cutting cylinder portion second end 116, defining a cutting cylinder length 168. Cutting cylinder portion 104 includes a plurality of helical blades 118a, 118b and 118c, each extending from a blade first end 122a, 122b, 122c, respectively, to a blade second end 124a, 124b, 124c, respectively. In the embodiment, blades 118a-c are disposed around cutting cylinder portion 104 at 1200 intervals, defining an equal plurality of coextensive helical flutes 130a, 130b and 130c, each flute 130a-c extending from a respective flute first end 132a, 132b, 132c to a respective flute second end 134a, 134b, 134c. In the embodiment, the blade first ends 122a-c are coextensive with cutting cylinder portion first end 114, and the blade second ends 124a-c are coextensive with cutting cylinder portion second end 116.
In the embodiment, the bases of blades 118a-c, corresponding to the depths of flutes 130a-c, are flush with the circumference of guiding tip 106. In the embodiment, blades 118a-c and corresponding flutes 130a-c each have a pitch of 360° per 8 mm around the cutting cylinder portion circumference from cutting cylinder first end 114 to cutting cylinder second end 116. Cutting cylinder blades 118a-c and flutes 130a-c have a reversed pitch—i.e. when rotating in the clockwise direction (viewed from the shank portion first end 110) the blades 118a-c are pushing cut material forward rather than back, as with a traditional drill bit orientation. Pushing cut material, consisting of bone chips, forward causes the bone chips to fill in to the gap between the sinus bone and the maxillary sinus cavity membrane/Schneiderian membrane, thereby providing additional material to bond the dental implant. Additionally, saline solution applied by the surgeon for lubrication and cooling is forced forward to ensure it moves through the cutting contact area to prevent heat damage to bone and other tissue in the vicinity.
The outer edges of blades 118a-c define a constant cutting cylinder portion diameter 160. The cutting cylinder portion diameter 160 is selected based upon the size of the selected dental implant anchor (or other surgical considerations). Depth markings may be provided along cutting cylinder 106 as visual guides for the surgeon.
Guide portion 106 extends from guide portion first end 146 proximate cutting cylinder portion second end 116 to a terminal end 148, defining guide portion length 166. Guide portion length 166 is selected to provide adequate engagement without leaving an excessive requirement of finish drilling. Guide portion 106 includes a plurality of noncutting helical blades 170a, 170b, 170c and corresponding helical flutes 180a, 180b, 180c which align with cutting cylinder blades 118a-c and flutes 130a-c, in order to maintains a fluid communication/vent pathway from the region ahead of guided drill bit 100. In the embodiment, guide portion noncutting flukes 170a-c join at the terminal end 148 of guide portion 106. Guide portion terminal end 148 approximates a spherically blunted ogival profile.
Guide portion 106 defines a cylinder of constant diameter 158 from guide portion first end 146 to ogival base 156. The outer surface 164 of guide portion 106 is generally smooth to avoid abrasion and excessive frictional heating, and guide portion blades 170a-c do not have cutting edges, as it is intended to provide alignment for the cutting portion through the pilot hole and maintain fluid communication, but not to cut bone material. Guide portion diameter 158 matches the cutting diameter of the selected pilot drill.
Referring to
In the embodiment, stopper portion 220 comprises a stop collar of slightly wider diameter than cutting cylinder portion first portion 214, and includes first and second beveled surfaces 226, 228, to minimize tissue damage when contacting gingival tissues and to provide improved visibility to the surgeon.
Cutting cylinder portion 204 extends along rotational axis 208 from cutting cylinder portion first end 214 rigidly connected to stopper portion 220 to cutting cylinder portion second end 216, defining a cutting cylinder length 268. Cutting cylinder portion 204 includes a plurality of helical cutting blades 218a, 218b and 218c, each extending from a blade first end 222a, 222b, 222c, respectively, to a blade second end 224a, 224b, 224c, respectively. In the embodiment, blades 218a-c are disposed around cutting cylinder portion 204 at 120° intervals, defining an equal plurality of coextensive helical flutes 230a, 230b and 230c, each flute 230a-c extending from a respective flute first end 232a, 232b, 232c to a respective flute second end 234a, 234b, 234c. In the embodiment, the blade first ends 222a-c are coextensive with cutting cylinder portion first end 214, and the blade second ends 224a-c are coextensive with cutting cylinder portion second end 216. The widths of helical cutting blades 218a-c and helical flutes 230a-c vary proportionally with the taper of cutting cylinder portion 204, being wider at their respective first ends 222a-c and 232a-c and progressively narrower toward their respective second ends 224a-c and 234a-c.
In the embodiment, blades 218a-c and corresponding flutes 230a-c each have a pitch of 360° per 8 mm around the cutting cylinder portion circumference from cutting cylinder first end 214 to cutting cylinder second end 216. Cutting cylinder blades 218a-c and flutes 230a-c have a reversed pitch—i.e. when rotating in the clockwise direction (viewed from the base of shank portion 210) the blades 218a-c are pushing cut material forward rather than back, as with a traditional drill bit orientation. Pushing cut material, consisting of bone chips, forward causes the bone chips to fill into the gap between the sinus bone and the maxillary sinus cavity membrane/Schneiderian membrane, thereby providing additional material to bond the dental implant. Additionally, saline solution applied by the surgeon for lubrication and cooling is forced forward to ensure it moves through the cutting contact area to prevent heat damage to bone and other tissue in the vicinity.
Cutting cylinder portion 204 tapers from cutting cylinder portion first end 214 defining a base diameter 262 to cutting cylinder portion second end 216, for use with a tapered dental anchor implant. The outer edges of blades 218a-c define a tapered cutting cylinder surface 260. Depth markings may be provided along cutting cylinder 206 as visual guides for the surgeon. The selected taper angle of tapered cutting cylinder portion 206 is determined by the selected dental implant.
Guide portion 206 extends from guide portion first end 246 proximate cutting cylinder portion second end 216 to a terminal end 248, defining guide portion length 266. Guide portion length 266 is selected to provide adequate engagement without leaving an excessive requirement of finish drilling. Guide portion 206 includes a plurality of blades 270a, 270b, 270c, and corresponding flutes 280a, 280b, 280c which align with cutting cylinder blades 218a-c and flutes 230a-c, in order to maintains a fluid communication/vent pathway from the region ahead of guided drill bit 200. In the embodiment, guide portion noncutting flukes 270a-c join at the terminal end 248 of guide portion 206. Guide portion terminal end 248 approximates a spherically blunted ogival profile.
Guide portion 206 defines a cylinder of constant diameter 258 from guide portion first end 246 to ogival base 256, with guide portion diameter 258 the same as the diameter of tapered cutting cylinder portion second end 216. The outer surface 264 of guide portion 206 is generally smooth to avoid abrasion and excessive frictional heating, and guide portion blades 270a-c do not have cutting edges, as it is intended to provide alignment for the cutting portion through the pilot hole and maintain fluid communication, but not to cut bone material. Guide portion diameter 258 matches the cutting diameter of the selected pilot drill.
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Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiment(s) without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. It will, of course, be understood that modifications of the invention, in its various aspects, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, some being apparent only after study, others being matters of routine mechanical, chemical and electronic design. No single feature, function or property of the exemplary embodiment(s) is essential. Other embodiments are possible, their specific designs depending upon the particular application. As such, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the particular embodiments herein described but should be defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority of co-pending application Ser. No. 17/377,133, filed Jul. 15, 2021, which is a nonprovisional of, and claims priority to, provisional application 63/052,067 filed Jul. 15, 2020. This application is a nonprovisional of and claims priority to co-pending provisional application 63/402,823, filed Aug. 31, 2022. The disclosures of each of the preceding applications are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63402823 | Aug 2022 | US | |
63052067 | Jul 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17377133 | Jul 2021 | US |
Child | 18240915 | US |