The following disclosure relates generally to guided munitions and, more particularly, to embodiments of guided munitions including self-deploying dome covers.
Demands for increased munition portability, versatility, and ruggedness have lead to the recent development and implementation of containerized guided missiles, which are stowed within specialized launch containers prior to launch. As do non-containerized guided missiles, containerized guided missiles typically include a homing guidance system or “seeker” containing one or more electromagnetic (“EM”) radiation sensors, which detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by or reflected from a designated target. A containerized guided missile also typically includes a nose-mounted seeker dome, which protects the seeker's components while enabling transmission of electromagnetic waves within the sensor bandwidth(s) through the dome and to the seeker's EM radiation sensors.
In contrast to many conventional guided missiles, containerized guided missiles are prone to dome contamination during missile launch. Guided by the walls of the surrounding launch container, exhaust from the missile's rocket motor flows over and around the missile body in an aft-fore direction during missile launch to blow-off the container cover and thereby facilitate passage of the missile through the container's open end. Direct exposure between the motor exhaust and seeker dome can thus occur during missile launch, which may result in the deposition of harsh chemicals, soot, and other exhaust materials over the dome's outer surface. Dome contamination can block, attenuate, or otherwise interfere with the transmission of electromagnetic signals through the dome and thereby negatively impact the missile's guidance capabilities.
It is known that a dome cover can be positioned over a missile dome to minimize or prevent dome contamination during missile launch. However, inflight removal of the dome cover is required to enable subsequent operation of the seeker's EM radiation sensors. Various types of deployment systems (e.g., actuators and timing electronics) have been developed that can effectively remove a dome cover by either ejecting the cover (if fabricated from a non-frangible material) or by initiating fracture of the cover (if fabricated from a frangible material) during or immediately after missile launch. While able to effectively remove a dome cover at a desired time of deployment, such deployment systems add undesirable complexity, cost, bulk, and weight to the guided missile. Tether-pull dome cover systems have been suggested that do not require an actuator or timing electronics; however, a relatively lengthy tether is typically required to ensure that the dome cover is not removed until the missile has cleared any forward-expanding exhaust plume created during missile launch. Consequently, tether-pull dome cover systems also tend to be undesirably heavy and bulky. In addition, tether-pull dome cover systems and certain non-frangible, actuator-deployed dome covers can produce undesirably large, high-energy debris upon dome deployment.
There thus exists an ongoing need to provide embodiments of a guided munition including a dome cover that mitigates most, if not all, of the above-described limitations. In particular, it would be desirable to provide embodiments of a guided munition, such as a containerized guided munition, including a dome cover that reliably self-deploys at a desired time without the aid of an actuator, timing electronics, or similar devices. Ideally, such a self-deploying dome cover would also be relatively compact, inexpensive to implement, and would produce little to no high-energy debris upon deployment. Other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent Detailed Description and the appended Claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings and this Background.
Embodiments of a guided munition are provided. In one embodiment, the guided munition includes a munition body, a seeker dome coupled to the munition body, and a self-deploying dome cover disposed over the seeker dome. The self-deploying dome cover is configured to deploy and expose the seeker dome during munition flight in response to aerodynamic forces acting on the self-deploying dome cover.
Embodiments of a method for equipping a guided munition including a seeker dome with a self-deploying dome cover are also provided. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a self-deploying dome cover configured to open during munition flight in response to aerodynamic forces acting on the self-deploying dome cover when the guided munition surpasses a predetermined airspeed, positioning the self-deploying dome cover over the seeker dome, and stowing the guided munition within a launch container.
At least one example of the present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and:
The following Detailed Description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding Background or the following Detailed Description.
With continued reference to
As previously indicated, seeker dome 18 is transmissive to one or more bandwidths of electromagnetic radiation emitted by or reflected from a designated target and detectable by EM radiation sensors 22. Seeker dome 18 will typically be transmissive to one or more of the visible, near infrared, midwave infrared, long wave infrared, and/or millimeter-wave radio frequency bandwidths. Seeker dome 18 can be formed from any material, currently known or later developed, that allows the transmission of EM radiation or signals through dome 18 within the desired sensor bandwidth(s) and that possesses sufficient structural strength to remain intact during munition handling, launch, and flight. By way of non-limiting example, seeker dome 18 may be formed from diamond, sapphire, zinc sulfide (ZnS), yttrium oxide (Y2O3) aluminum oxynitride (AlON), Spinel (MgAl2O4), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), composite optical ceramics, and similar materials. Although by no means limited to a particular geometry, seeker dome 18 will typically be either hemispherical or ogival in shape.
EM radiation sensors 22 are configured to receive electromagnetic radiation through seeker dome 18 emitted from or from a designated target to provide passive guidance, semi-active guidance, or active guidance in the conventionally-known manner. EM radiation sensors 22 may comprise any number of electromagnetic radiation detection devices suitable for performing this purpose and for detecting radiation within any given frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum including, but not limited to, one or more of the ultraviolet, visible, infrared (e.g., near-infrared, mid-infrared, and far-infrared), microwave, and radio wave frequencies. As a non-exhaustive list of examples, EM radiation sensors 22 may include one or more visible spectrum, semi-active laser, infrared, and/or millimeter wave detection devices. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment wherein guided munition 12 assumes the form of a precision attack missile, EM radiation sensors 22 conveniently include an uncooled imaging infrared sensor and a semi-active laser sensor. In another embodiment wherein guided munition 12 assumes the form of a loitering attack missile, EM radiation sensors 22 may comprise one or more laser radar sensors.
As noted above, guided munition 12 further includes a plurality of deployable flight control surfaces, which can be manipulated during munition flight by non-illustrated actuation means to provide aerodynamic guidance of guided munition 12 in accordance with homing data or command signals provided by seeker 19. In the illustrated example, specifically, guided munition 12 includes a plurality of wings 24 and a plurality of thrust vector control (“TVC”) vanes 26, which are circumferential spaced around intermediate and aft portions of munition body 16, respectively. To facilitate storage within launch container 14, wings 24 and TVC vanes 26 are mounted to munition body 16 so as to be movable between a stowed or collapsed position (shown in
Launch container 14 can assume any form suitable for accommodating guided munition 12 prior to munition launch. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
Forward opening 40 may or may not provide a flow path through dome cover 20 to the interior of cover 20 and, therefore, to underlying seeker dome 18. If forward opening 40 provides a flow path through dome cover 20, it is preferred that any such flow path is relatively torturous or is otherwise sized and shaped to prevent or minimize the penetration of exhaust to the interior of dome cover 20. Seeker dome 18 may also be further protected from exhaust penetration through cover 20 by a protective membrane 37 (partially visible in
Self-deploying dome cover 20 further includes an aft collar portion 38, which is joined to the aft circumferential edge of flexible shroud 36; e.g., collar portion 38 and flexible shroud 36 may be integrally formed as a unitary sheet or sleeve of material, as described below. Collar portion 38 has a generally annular shape and extends around an outer circumference of munition body 16 proximate seeker dome 18. Collar portion 38, and more generally self-deploying dome cover 20, includes an aft opening through which a forward portion of munition body 16 is received, as generally shown in
Collar portion 38 is attached to munition body 16 to ensure that self-deploying dome cover 20 remains securely in place over seeker dome 18 until the desired time of deployment. In a preferred embodiment, collar portion 38 is attached to munition body 16 in a manner that enables collar portion 38, and therefore dome cover 20, to detach from body 16 in response to drag forces exerted on dome cover 20 when in the open position (
It should thus be appreciated that there has been provided multiple exemplary embodiments of a guided munition, such as a containerized guided missile, including a dome cover that reliably self-deploys at a desired juncture without the aid of an actuator, timing electronics, or similar devices. Advantageously, the above-described exemplary self-deploying dome covers are relatively compact, inexpensive to implement, and produce little to no high-energy debris upon deployment. The foregoing has also provide exemplary embodiments of a method for equipping a guided munition including a seeker dome with a self-deploying dome cover. In one implementation, the above-described method included the steps of providing a self-deploying dome cover configured to open during munition flight in response to aerodynamic forces acting on the self-deploying dome cover when surpassing a predetermined airspeed, positioning the self-deploying dome cover over the seeker dome, and stowing the guided munition within a launch container. In embodiments wherein the self-deploying dome cover includes a flexible shroud, the step of positioning the self-deploying dome cover over the seeker dome may comprise folding the flexible shroud over the seeker dome.
Although, in the above-described exemplary embodiment, the self-deploying dome cover include a forward or central opening through which fore-aft airflow was received during munition flight, this need not be the case in all embodiments. For example, in lieu of a central opening (or in addition thereto), embodiments of the self-deploying dome cover may include one or more external drag features (e.g., sharp corners or other non-aerodynamic structures), which are formed on or mounted to the exterior of the dome cover and project radially outward therefrom. When exposed to high velocity airflow during munition flight, the drag features exert a pull force on the dome cover in a radially-outward direction to cause the dome cover to unfold or otherwise open when the guided munition surpasses a predetermined airspeed.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing Detailed Description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing Detailed Description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set-forth in the appended Claims.
This invention was made with United States Government support under Contract Number W31P4Q-04-C-0059 with the Defense Contract Management Agency. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20120104148 A1 | May 2012 | US |