1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to guiding a user of a student device to perform expression calculation using the student device.
2. Description of the Related Art
With ever increasing frequency, school classrooms are equipped with a classroom learning system in which digital devices, e.g., handheld calculators, for student use are connected via a network to a host computer used by the teacher. Such a classroom learning system allows a teacher to perform actions such as creating and managing lessons, transferring files between the computer and the digital devices, monitoring student activity on the digital devices using screen captures, polling, assessments, etc., and performing various interactive activities with the students. Various tools are also provided for creating, distributing, and analyzing educational content. The TI-Nspire™ Navigator™ System from Texas Instruments, Inc. is an example of such a classroom learning system.
In addition to calculator based networks, schools are now embarking on BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) initiatives. In various schools, students are using various computing devices other than calculators that they own, such as: tablets, iPads, laptops, smart phones, etc, for example.
The TI-Nspire system provides tools to perform calculations, graphing, and complex problem solving by a student on a handheld calculator or other computer system. Other math/graphing based software packages, such Geogebra, MathStudio, PocketCAS may also be used on student devices.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems to provide guided tool tips to aid a student in performing expression calculation on a student computing device.
Particular embodiments in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals for consistency. In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skills in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description.
Embodiments of the present invention are discussed below with respect to an embodiment on a tablet computer that contains software applications that provide functionality that is similar to a hand held graphing calculator. It should be noted, however, that embodiments of the present invention may be useful for other types of electronic devices, e.g., laptop computers, desktop computers, handheld computing devices. Examples of other types of handheld computing devices in which embodiments of the present invention may be useful include scientific calculators, advanced calculators able to upload and run software applications, handheld-sized limited-purpose computer devices, handheld-sized educational computer devices, handheld-sized portable computer devices, portable computer devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), palmtop computers, cellular or mobile telephones, and any combination thereof.
Some prior 2D and 3D graphing software products include the ability to calculate a mathematical expression related to geometrical measurements. However, these prior products may lack key features to make the calculation easy to perform. Embodiments of the invention provide a guide tool that provides a guiding mechanism for the user to follow to perform a calculation; this may be in the form of pop-up labels and hints, for example. In some embodiments, highlighting of the values used in the calculation of the expression provides additional guidance. The guide tool may help a user better understand a calculation problem when trying to perform multiple calculations on the screen, where calculations may potentially depend upon each other.
The guide tool approach described herein provides a streamlined user experience to performing a calculation of an expression while in a 2D or 3D graphing application. The approach uses any user-entered expression and any numerical data item values on the screen. The values can be numbers, variables with a numerical value assigned to them, or even values on the x-, y-, and z-axes. When the user initiates the calculation of the expression, the user is guided through the calculation process by both descriptive prompts and visual highlighting of the values currently associated with the expression. This may provide a streamlined experience to users when using any number on a graph in 2D/3D mode or geometry page for a calculation by automatically highlighting variables that become part of the calculation. In some embodiments, the names of the variables may be provided next to the values to provide visual feedback when highlighted.
Handheld calculators have progressed to be very sophisticated processing systems. A handheld calculator, such as the TI-Nspire™ from Texas Instruments, is capable of operating on one or more documents. In one version of such a calculator, each document may be divided into multiple problems. Each problem may contain many pages. Each page may be divided into several work areas. Each work area may contain any of the TI-Nspire™ applications: Calculator, Graph, Geometry, Lists & Spreadsheet, Data & Statistics and Notes, for example.
Students are beginning to use many different BYODs (Bring Your Own Device), such as: calculators, tablets, iPads, laptops, smart phones, etc, for example. Many school campuses have now been upgraded to provide a network infrastructure that allows students to connect their device(s) and thereby interact with teachers and other students as well as access resources on the World Wide Web.
Embodiments of the invention may be used in a stand-alone manner by a student or other user, such as at home or other places away from school. Many schools now provide networked environments that allow teacher and student collaboration to enhance the learning experience.
As shown in
The computer system 110 may also be communicatively coupled to an access point 114 via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection, for example. The access point 114 provides a wireless interface such as 802.11b, 802.11g, or the like for the computer system 110 to communicate with one or more student devices 116-118. Once connected, bi-directional communications may be performed between the student devices and the computer system 110 via the access point 114. The computer system 110 and the access point 114 are illustrated as separate components for illustrative purposes only. In some embodiments, the access point 114 may be integrated into the computer system 110. Further, the coupling between the access point 114 and the computer system 110 may be any suitable wired or wireless connection. The combination of the computer system 110 and the access point 114 may be the network host for the classroom network.
The student devices 116-118 may be any suitable computer device, such as: handheld calculators, such as graphing calculators in the TI-Nspire product line available from Texas Instruments, Inc., for example; tablets, iPads, laptops, smart phones, etc, for example. To allow wireless communication with the access point 114 and/or the computer system 110, a wireless transceiver may be integrated into each device 116-118 or a wireless adaptor or a wireless cradle may be externally attached via a port on one or more of the devices 116-118, for example.
As shown in
The virtual and/or physical keypad allows a user, e.g., a student or instructor, to enter data and functions and to start and interact with applications executing on the handheld device 200. The keypad may also include an alphabetic keyboard for entering text. A touchpad may allow a user to interact with the display by translating the motion and position of the user's fingers on the touchpad to provide functionality similar to using an external pointing device, e.g., a mouse. A user may use touch sensitive screen 202 in a similar manner to a touchpad to perform operations similar to using a pointing device on a computer system, e.g., scrolling the display 202 content, pointer positioning, selecting, highlighting, etc.
A wireless module 240 is typically included within device 200. If not, an external wireless adaptor may be communicatively coupled to device 200 by a connector, for example. Wireless module 240 may provide a wireless interface such as 802.11b, 802.11g, or the like for wireless communication with the classroom network and thereby with the computer system 110 using known or later developed techniques. A unique identification (ID) code 242 may be included within wireless module 240. ID code 242 may be the MAC (media access control) address of the wireless interface, for example. ID code 242 may be stored within a read only memory (ROM) chip, or other type of non-volatile storage device such as an electrically programmable ROM device or a flash ROM, for example to allow each student device to be uniquely identified on the network. In another embodiment, wireless module 240 with ID 242 may be configured as a cradle that provides physical support for device 200, for example.
Device 200 typically includes a processor 320 coupled to a memory unit 322, which may include one or both of read-only memory (ROM) and random-access memory (RAM). In some embodiments, the ROM stores software programs and the RAM stores intermediate data and operating results. An input/output port 325 may provide connectivity to external devices, e.g., a wireless adaptor or wireless cradle, for example. In one or more embodiments, the input/output port 325 is a bi-directional connection such as a mini-A USB port. Also included in the handheld device 200 is a display 202, as described in more detail above, and an I/O interface 324. The I/O interface 324 provides an interface to couple input devices such as a touchpad and a keypad 204 to the processor 320. In some embodiments, the handheld device 200 may also include an integrated wireless interface 240, as described in more detail above. In one or more embodiments, the memory unit 322 stores software instructions to be executed by the processor 320 to implement some or all of the device based operations of guided tool tips for expression calculation methods described herein.
As illustrated in
Triangle 510 may drawn by the student by selecting the triangle construction tool from the Shapes→Triangle menu. Visual feedback that the Triangle tool is selected is provided. After the student draws the three sides of the triangle, the measurement tool may be selected to determine the values of the three angles 511-513. In some embodiments, the values of angle 511-513 may be presented when the triangle is drawn without requiring use of the measurement tool by the student, for example.
In
The student may want to select the value of the lengths of each side of triangle 510 instead of selecting values of angles 511-513, for example. In this case, the measurement tool may be selected to determine the values of length of the three sides of triangle 510. In some embodiments, the values of length of the sides may be presented when the triangle is drawn without requiring use of the measurement tool by the student, for example.
While the examples described herein illustrate selecting a presented or measured value for each variable of an expression, in some embodiments a student may be able to select the result of another expression. For example, referring again to
In another embodiment, a student may be able to select a value of another term besides the result term in one expression to be used as the value for a variable in another expression, for example.
One or more data elements are displayed 602 on a display screen of the student device. The data elements may be related to a graphical object that is displayed on the display screen, or may be terms of one or more math expressions that are displayed on the display screen, for example. For example, the graphical object may a triangle, circle, rectangle or a more complex object, for example. A data element may be the length value of a side of the graphical object or may be an value of an angle of a vertex of the object, for example. A data element may be a result term or a term other than the result term of a math expression being displayed on the display screen, for example.
A math expression is displayed 604 on the display screen of the student device. The math expression may have been entered by the student using a virtual or physical keyboard that is coupled to or part of the student device, for example. The math expression may be provided by a teaching application that is being executed on the student device, for example. The math expression may be provided by a teacher that has entered it into the teacher's device and downloaded it do students in a class room using a network, such as described in
The variables in the expression are determined 606 by parsing the expression. A calculation application being executed on the student device parses the expression using known mathematical rules to determine the variable in the expression.
A guided tool application may then provide a sequence of “guided tooltip” that lead the student through a process to evaluate the math expression. A first guided tooltip prompt is presented 608 by the student device to select a first one of the variables to associate with one of the data elements. The prompt may be an audible prompt played via a speaker or headset attached to the student device, or it may be a visual prompt that is provided on the display screen of the student device, for example.
In response to the guided tooltip, the student may select one of the data items that are being displayed on the display screen of the student device by pointing to it using a pointer, finger, mouse or other pointing device, for example. In response to the student input, the calculation application selects 610 the data element and associates it with the first variable.
In some embodiments, the calculation application may indicate when a particular data item has been selected for association with a variable. A selected data item may be indicated by various means, such as by highlighting, underlining, putting a box or circle around it, blinking, changing color, bolding, etc, for example.
The calculation application may continue to provide guided tooltips until 612 all of the variables of the math expression have been associated with selected data items.
Once all of the variables have been associated with data items, then the calculation application may determine 614 a value for each data element associated with each variable of the expression. If the value of the data item was already displayed on the screen of the student device, then no additional work is needed. If the value of the data item was not already known, then additional guided tooltip prompts may be provided to guide the student to use a measurement tool to determine a data item value, for example. In other cases, if a data item is a term of another expression, then the other expression may need to be evaluated, for example. Once all of the selected data items have known values, then the math expression may be evaluated 614 and the result displayed on the screen of the student device.
As discussed with regard to
When there are more than one expressions being displayed on the display screen, when a student selects a first one of the expressions the data items associated with the first expression may be highlighted, and then when the student selects a second one of the expressions the data items associated with the second expression are highlighted and the others are returned to normal.
In this manner, a guide tool may provide real time feedback for users when evaluating an expression. A consistent way to understand mathematical concepts associated with an expression is provided.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein.
For example, embodiments are discussed described in which the digital devices may be handheld calculators. It should be noted, however, that other types of digital devices, e.g., laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, and handheld computing devices may be used. Examples of other types of handheld computing devices include scientific calculators, advanced calculators able to upload and run software applications, handheld-sized limited-purpose computer devices, handheld-sized educational computer devices, handheld-sized portable computer devices, portable computer devices, personal digital assistants (PDA), palmtop computers, cellular or mobile telephones, and any combination thereof.
In one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of mathematical expressions is created in a dynamic computational environment in response to user input. In a dynamic computational environment, a change made to any one of the plurality of mathematical expressions will be propagated to all of the mathematical expressions, such that each of the plurality of mathematical expressions affected by the change is updated. Thus, the dynamic computing environment allows a variable to be changed in a graphing environment and then propagated back to an algebraic environment that defines the expressions being graphed, for example.
Embodiments of a guide tool were described herein in conjunction with a calculation tool provided by the TI-Nspire™ and TI-Nspire™ CAS application programs. In other embodiments, a guide tool as described herein may be used in conjunction with calculation tools provided by other applications, such as Geogebra, MathStudio, PocketCAS, for example.
The techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the software may be executed in one or more processors, such as a microprocessor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), or digital signal processor (DSP). The software that executes the techniques may be initially stored in a computer-readable medium such as compact disc (CD), a diskette, a tape, a file, memory, or any other computer readable storage device and loaded and executed in the processor. In some cases, the software may also be sold in a computer program product, which includes the computer-readable medium and packaging materials for the computer-readable medium. In some cases, the software instructions may be distributed via removable computer readable media (e.g., floppy disk, optical disk, flash memory, USB key), via a transmission path from computer readable media on another digital system, etc.
Although method steps may be presented and described herein in a sequential fashion, one or more of the steps shown and described may be omitted, repeated, performed concurrently, and/or performed in a different order than the order shown in the figures and/or described herein. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention should not be considered limited to the specific ordering of steps shown in the figures and/or described herein.
It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications of the embodiments as fall within the true scope and spirit of the invention.
The present application claims priority to and incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/763,072, (attorney docket TI-73457PS) filed Feb. 11, 2013, entitled “GUIDED TOOL TIPS FOR EXPRESSION CALCULATION”. The present application also claims priority to and incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/769,477, (attorney docket TI-73457PS1) filed Feb. 26, 2013, entitled “GUIDED TOOL TIPS FOR EXPRESSION CALCULATION”.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61763072 | Feb 2013 | US | |
61769477 | Feb 2013 | US |