This invention relates to a gun firing process that produces varied dispersion of shots on a target.
With the advent of guns and firearms much effort has been devoted to their perfection in the art of firing projectiles to reach and destroy specified targets. With the development of machine guns and automatic firing, multiple projectiles could be fired toward a target, thereby allowing for a degree of imprecision in engaging a target. The speed of firing along with moving the gun barrel could create a random dispersion of projectiles and cone of fire, which could cover a broad area around desired target and therefore assure greater chance of striking the target.
The principal of probability is used to decrease the element of chance in striking a target. In various militaries, weapons with greater hit probability are given preference. The goal of achieving greater hit probability is the goal of all guns, pistols, shotguns, assault weapons, machine guns, gattling guns, automatic grenade launchers, and cannons.
Differing targets and threats required different measures and techniques to meet such targets or threats. For example, on a Bradley Fighting Vehicle equipped with a 25MM gun, two potential methods are battlesight technique and precision gunnery. Battlesight gunnery is the quicker technique, but is less accurate than engaging targets with precision gunnery. However, precision gunnery is more accurate but takes more time. In battlefield conditions decisions must be quickly made to determine whether a target is within range and whether there is sufficient time to use precision gunnery. If there is not enough time, battlesight technique is used to fire bursts that create a random dispersion of projectiles that will increase the probability of destroying a target.
Most jets and some heliocopters and gunships are equipped with 20MM gattleing guns that shoot up to 6,000 rounds/min. The guns are used for air-to-air and air-to-surface missions. The barrels of the gattling guns are usually not parallel so that the guns produce a controlled dispersion of projectiles on a target, or an optimum dispersion pattern.
A patent granted to Kullock, U.S. Pat. No. 2,897,757 discloses a gun cartridge having a plurality of bullets which upon firing strike the center of a target as well as above and below, and left and right of a target. It does this by aligning projectiles end to end in a barrel of a gun so that upon firing force is exerted between projectiles. A multitude of small parts is added to the projectiles for this purpose. However, the complexity and multitude of small parts makes it difficult to manufacture. The cartridge is not a standard size and it would not fit into existing guns.
The current methods for producing dispersion are random movement of the gun barrel or unparallel gun barrels on a gattling gun. A target will have varying optimum dispersion patterns depending on size, distance, and speed. What is needed then, is a method of dispersion that is accurate, can be varied for individual targets, and is easy to produce. A true optimum dispersion pattern could then achieve a greater hit probability.
The present invention advances the art of firing projectiles. The invention is a method for accurate dispersion of projectiles from a fixed gun barrel. The invention consists of firing specialized projectiles that deviate from the path of a conventional projectile and strike the target away from the bullseye. The specialized projectiles accomplish this by taking a mass out of the circumference of the projectile. The center of mass of the projectile is no longer on the central axis of the gun barrel and the centrifugal force from the projectile spinning in the gun barrel, because of the rifling, imparts a force on the projectile at right angles to the barrel. Upon exiting the gun barrel, this velocity along with the much higher muzzle velocity determine how far away from the bullseye the projectile will strike.
More mass taken from the circumference of the projectile will result in the projectile striking the target further away from the bullseye. The dispersion pattern of the strikes around the bullseye is determined by the orientation of the specialized rounds in the chamber of the gun when fired.
The specialized projectiles that are designed not to hit the bullseye can have mass removed from the side of the projectile or the aft end in such a way that the center of mass of the projectile is no longer on the central axis of the projectile. The center of mass of the projectile can also be moved from the central axis by adding mass to the projectile on the circumference.
The specialized projectiles that are designed not to hit the bullseye can be called Off Bullseye Projectiles or OBP. The term OBP can be applied to any bullet, cannon, or projectile, artillery shell, spin-stabilized grenade or any other projectile that has a center mass away from it's central axis and is fired from a rifled gun barrel, the dispersion method of firing multiple OPB mixed with standard projectiles can be called Autodispersion.
Machine guns that are fed by belt or linked cartridges and many submachine guns which are fed by a magazine are ideally suited to Autodispersion. An accurate cone of fire can be produced by feeding standard ammunition plus OBP cartridges to the gun. A means for indicating the orientation of the OBP such as a mark on the cartridge of the OBP would indicate where the center of mass is closest to the circumference of the projectile. One sequence for the ammunition in the belt or magazine would be: a standard cartridge, an OBP cartridge, in the 12 O'clock position, an OBP cartridge in the 6 O'clock position, an OBP cartridge in the 3 O'clock position, an OBP cartridge in the 9 O'clock position, and repeating this sequence for the belt or the magazine. When the machine gun is fired, an accurate dispersion with OBP strikes arranged in a circle 90 degrees apart around the standard projectile strike, is produced every 5 rounds fired by the gun. A dispersion pattern twice the diameter of the previous dispersion at the same distance from the target can be produced by feeding a machine gun a belt that has several OBP2 included in the above loading sequence. The OBP2 would have twice the mass removed as the OBP1.
With the Autodispersion method all of the projectiles fired, standard, OBP1, OBP2, and OBP3 would have to be the same weight, especially at longer ranges so that the muzzle velocity would be the same. This would produce accurate patterns on distant targets.
The M-4 assault weapon and some other M-16 weapons can fire 3 round bursts along with other firing modes. The 3 round burst in combination with Autodispersion will allow the first standard round to go where aimed and two OBP rounds to strike on either side of the standard round, in a three shot horizontal pattern. This shot patter will produce a greater hit probability on a silhouette target. A magazine for assault weapons using Autodispersion should be a straight magazine. The ammunition in the magazine should be one round on top of another instead of being staggered. The magazine that has one round on top of another will be much easier to load for Autodispersion.
The Applicant incorrectly implied that the Heckler Kotch G36E uses a magazine when actually its magazine is staggered.
Standard automatic grenade launchers and grenade launchers with airburst grenades would be suited to Autodispersion. The grenades cover an area with their blast, and an accurate dispersion of the grenades would allow the target area to be covered evenly.
Machine guns that had a custom feeding mechanism would allow the dispersion pattern to be selected, and standard projectiles, OBP1, OBP2, and OBP3 could be combined to form the optimal dispersion pattern for the individual target.
Many gattling guns have a fixed dispersion pattern, and have a linkless ammunition feed system. With autodispersion several different diameters of the dispersion pattern could be chosen depending on the ammunition fed to the gun. With the linkless feed the orientation of the OBP projectile strikes around the bullseye would be random, rather than “aimed” as in the belt fed guns.
In another embodiment of the invention, the individual projectile is divided into several segments. The segments are arranged in the cartridge one ahead of the other, with the individual segments having a center of mass away from the central axis. Upon firing, if the individual segments more massive sides are arranged 180 degrees apart in the gun barrel, the dispersion pattern on the target would be one strike on one side of the bullseye and the second strike on the opposite side. A horizontal two shot dispersion pattern would be suited to the handgun ammunition and would increase the hit probability. Adding a third that had a the center of mass on the central axis, would create a three shot horizontal dispersion pattern with the central shot going to the bullseye.
The cartridge used in the Autodispersion are relatively easy to produce since only slight modifications to the original projectile is all that is necessary. The disintegrating link ammunition belts could be assembled at the factory with various combinations and orientations of standard and OBP ammunition for various dispersion patterns.
The firing order of the OBP rounds would have to be taken into account. Firing one OBP round should be followed by firing another similar OBP round at the opposite side of the bullseye. This would stabilize the gun barrel and from any movement due to the OBP firing.
Many guns currently in use can use Autodispersion to produce an accurate dispersion pattern, and increase the hit probability on a target. Other guns would have to be modified to use Autodispersion.
Some machine guns have stabilized gun barrels, laser range finder, and the atmospheric conditions are taken into account. However, some factors such as the windspeed at distant targets are unknown. An accurate dispersion pattern would increase the hit probability. Autodispersion may increase the stand-off range and the effective range of some guns, and decrease the engagement time so that multiple targets could be destroyed in a more efficient manner.
The invention represents a device and method for creating a dispersion of projectiles around a bullseye.
A means for imparting spin on the projectile is required, such as a rifled gun.
The distance the projectile will strike away from the bullseye can be calculated for any OBP. The vectors of the momentum (mass velocity) of the projectile and the momentum of the mass removed or added will determine how far away from the bullseye the projectile will strike. The velocity of the mass added or removed can be calculated by multiplying the revolution/second by the distance traveled in one revolution of the center of mass around the axis of the projectile. The muzzle velocity, weight and location of the center of mass removed or added, and the final weight of the projectile are taken into account to determine the amount of divergence.
The center of gravity of a projectile can be shifted from the central axis in a number of ways. One embodiment is shown in
The more mass taken from the circumference of the projectile will result in the projectile striking the target further from a bulls-eye. However, the more mass removed, the more vibration there will be during flight. The vibration is due to the OBP projectile spinning around the center of mass and not the central axis of the projectile. While the magnitude of this vibration is relatively low (0.005 inches for a 30 caliber bullet that strikes the target 10 inches from the bullseye at 100 yds, maximum turns in the rifling would reduce the amount of mass that had to be removed from the projectile. The removal of mass can leave a recess in the side of the projectile. The recess can be located either ahead of, or underneath the cartridge case. The recess may be filled with epoxy or some other material to create a smooth surface to aid aerodynamic flow through the air. The material can have a density that is less than the density of the material which the main body is comprised.
An example of Autodispersion can be seen from a 30 caliber gun. The projectile is normally 7.9 grams. The rifling is one turn in nine inches. Two OBP's are used. OBP1 has 0.4 grams removed from the side of the projectile by drilling a 3/16 inch hole. OBP2 has 0.8 grams removed from the side by drilling two 3/16 inch holes fore and aft in the side of the projectile. At seventy five feet from the target OBP1 strikes the target two and one have inches from the bullseye, and OBP2 strikes the target five inches from the bullseye. Therefore with multiple standard, OBP1 and OBP2 loaded in the proper orientation a forty inch diameter dispersion strike pattern would be created one hundred yards.
In order to keep standard and OBP projectiles of equal mass, an evenly distributed segment of the aft of the projectiles may have to be removed, which will insure that the muzzle velocity is the same for all the projectiles.
The following projectiles are all the same weight. In
OBP projectiles can be fired in succession to create strike patterns on a target.
Such successive use of OBP projectiles can be applied to many areas of gun use. Assault weapons with a three shot burst capability can benefit from the OBP process by using a standard round with two OBP rounds. This can be used to produce a horizontal three shot pattern as seen in
Another way of creating OBP is shown in
Another embodiment is illustrated in
In this embodiment a projectile is held in a cartridge 21 divided into multiple portions 22 and 23 by division 24. Any number of portions can be used. Upon exit from the gun barrel, strike a target in various formations. Two such possible formations are displayed in
The center of gravity orientations of the projectiles can be easily determined and loaded by indicators on the aft end of OBP projectiles.
Autodispersion is easy to produce, enables easily varied dispersal patterns, and is an accurate method for the dispersion of projectiles.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20040231550 A1 | Nov 2004 | US |