1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to weapon sighting devices in general, and more particularly to sights for use on firearms.
2. Related Art
Over the years, sighting devices have been developed to permit the user of small arms such as rifles, muskets, revolvers, shotguns, machine guns, and pistols, to align the weapon accurately relative to a target such that a projectile fired from the weapon may hit the target reliably.
Such sighting devices, or gun sights, may be seen as falling into two broad groups, namely, “active” and “passive” sights. Active sights typically illuminate the target with some form of radiation, and rely on a reflection of the radiation from the target to ensure correct alignment of the weapon with the target. An example of an active sight is commonly referred to as a laser sight. A laser sight generates a beam of laser light that is projected onto the target field such that the light beam actually illuminates the point of impact at a certain range. Such sights are highly effective in certain conditions, but suffer from a number of disadvantages. For example, depending on conditions the target may be able to see the light beam or its reflection, and when there are multiple weapons illuminating the same target it may become difficult for each user to know which reflection is associated with which firearm.
Passive sights typically rely on ambient illumination of the target and include the familiar open sights or “iron sights” comprising a front sight (e.g., a dispart sight such as a blade or tang disposed at the front end of the barrel of the weapon) and a rear sight (e.g., a complementary notch, groove, or circular aperture disposed at the rear end of the receiver or slide of the weapon). Passive sights also include “telescopic” sights that use a reticle, such as a set of adjustable “crosshairs” disposed inside the optics of a magnifying or non-magnifying telescope.
One type of passive sight, commonly referred to as a reflex sight, uses a refractive or reflective optical system to generate a collimated beam of light that is projected toward the user to create an illuminated reticle. The resulting plane wave seen by the user appears as a small, approximately circular disc of light that is focused at infinity. In a standard open reflex sight this illuminated reticle is projected such that it is superimposed over the field of view observed through the sight. This allows the user to see the target field through the sight as well as the illuminated reticle (e.g. an illuminated red dot) in one eye simultaneously. This gives the user a theoretically parallax-free image of the reticle, superimposed over the field of view through the sight.
Another type of passive gun sight that is particularly advantageous in close combat and similar situations is often referred to as an “occluded eye gun sight” (OEG). A common form of an OEG is essentially a closed reflex sight, in which the field of view through the sight is occluded such that the user sees the illuminated dot of the reflex sight superimposed over a blank background instead of an open field of view through the sight. When using such an OEG, the user's dominant eye is positioned behind the OEG and focused on the illuminated dot. That dominant eye is blocked or occluded by the OEG such that it does not see the target and instead sees only the illuminated dot.
The user's other eye is not obscured by the OEG and is focused on the target. When aiming the firearm, the user's brain superimposes the illuminated dot seen by the occluded dominant eye onto the target seen with by the user's other eye such that if the firearm is properly oriented the illuminated dot appears to the user to be projected onto the target. Effective use of an OEG requires both of the user's eyes, sometimes referred to as binocular vision. One example of a commercially available OEG for use on rifles, handguns, and grenade launchers, is the Trijicon “Armson O.E.G.®.” OEGs have significant advantages over other types of sighting devices in high-stress and close combat situations that require extremely fast target acquisition without compromising the user's overall situation awareness.
Like other prior art OEGs, the Armson O.E.G. mounts on either the side or the top of the receiver of the weapon. However, neither of these arrangements is a natural location for binocular viewing, and mounting an OEG on the top of the receiver interferes with the use of conventional open sights. These mounting arrangements also change the balance of the firearm, require the use of a custom or modified holster, and require the use of a substantially modified shooting position depending on which sighting device is being used. The term OEG may be used herein to refer to a sight designed to be used as an occluded eye gun sight or to a standard reflex sight that may be occluded such that it can be used as an occluded eye gun sight.
Accurate use of all firearms requires extensive repetitive use. However, the use of live ammunition for training is expensive and requires access to a shooting range. Dry firing—firing the weapon without ammunition—may be an effective training exercise because it allows for the repetition needed to develop muscle memory, and the user may practice in a wide range of locations and situations. However, absent highly specialized and expensive training simulation systems, dry firing does not provide real-time user feedback regarding the accuracy of the practice “shot.” This lack of user feedback significantly undermines the value of dry fire training.
A long felt but as yet unsatisfied need therefore exists for an improved sighting device that overcomes the disadvantages of prior art sighting devices and provides for improved dry fire training.
Various gun sights for firearms and related methods of use are provided. In one embodiment, an optical sight for a handgun is provided. The sight includes a light source. The sight also includes an optical system that projects an approximately collimated beam of light from the light source toward a user of the sight to create an image of an illuminated reticle. The optical sight is positioned behind a barrel of the handgun such that it is generally centered on a longitudinal axis of the barrel of the handgun. Other embodiments are also provided as further disclosed herein.
The scope of the invention is defined by the claims, which are incorporated into this section by reference. A more complete understanding of embodiments of the present invention will be afforded to those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additional advantages thereof, by a consideration of the following detailed description of one or more embodiments. Reference will be made to the appended sheets of drawings that will first be described briefly.
Embodiments of the present invention and their advantages are best understood by referring to the detailed description that follows. It should be appreciated that like reference numerals are used to identify like elements illustrated in one or more of the figures.
The following description is presented to permit any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. Descriptions of specific embodiments or applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a reflex sight, shown here as an opaque or occluded eye gun sight (OEG), is positioned on a firearm such that the illuminated reticle or dot is disposed such that it is substantially centered on the longitudinal axis of the barrel of the gun. In the various example embodiments described below, the general description is made in the context of an M1911 45 caliber Colt/Browning automatic pistol. However, it should be understood that the invention described herein may be utilized with a wide variety of firearms, including automatic pistols with and without exposed hammers (striker fired) and including automatic pistols manufactured by Glock, Smith & Wesson, Colt, Beretta, Ruger, Desert Arms, SIG-Sauer, Steyr, Israel Weapon Industries, and others where appropriate. Discussion herein at times refers to an OEG, but those of skill in the art will understand that the concepts disclosed are equally applicable to any reflex or similar type of sight.
Unlike most dispart and telescopic sights, which require the user to close one eye and sight the firearm through their other eye, OEGs require binocular vision. Thus, the user must have both eyes open when sighting the weapon. Referring to
With reference to both
The two different images seen by the user's first eye and second eye are then superimposed by the user's brain, such that when the OEG 100 is properly positioned relative to the target field the user “sees” the illuminated dot 192 of the OEG 100 superimposed onto the target field 188, as indicated by the dashed outline 192 in
The OEG 100 includes a light source that provides light to an optical device (e.g., a reflector, a lens, and/or one or more other appropriate optical members). The optical device may pass the light to the user (e.g., by reflection, refraction, and/or one or more other appropriate optical techniques) as a beam of collimated light which appears to the user as the illuminated dot 192.
Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, the illuminated dot 192 seen by the user is created by an illuminated dot generator or plane wave generator disposed within the housing 304. The illuminated dot generator comprises a light source and some form of optical device, typically a collimating optical device, to produce a plane wave of light that appears to the user as an illuminated dot focused at infinity. In one embodiment, the illuminated dot generator must be mounted within the housing 304 to establish the nominal alignment of the illuminated dot 192 within the sight 300. The housing 304 is then mounted to the firearm 10 and may be pre-aligned at the factory for a standard range (typically 25 yards using standard ammunition) or its alignment may be user adjustable for range (up and down) and/or windage (side-to-side).
The illuminated dot generator may use a wide variety of mechanisms to generate the illuminated dot 192, including both refractive and reflective systems designed to create the desired collimated beam of light. In a reflective system, the light source projects light away from the user's eye. This light is then reflected back toward the user by a reflective surface such as a parabolic reflective mirror. In a refractive system, the light source typically projects light directly back toward the user's eye. This light is then shaped by a refractive optic, typically some type of lens.
An embodiment of a reflective sight 300 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
Light source 362 is powered by a small battery 364, such as a ⅓ N cell lithium or NiCad battery, contained in a cylindrical battery compartment 366 in the housing 304 and held therein by a small, threaded battery door 368 and a compression spring 370.
The housing 304 of the sight 300 includes a pair of parallel, forwardly extending mounting ears 322, one of which, viz., the right ear 322, may be shorter than the other, or vice versa. In another embodiment, the ears 322 may be approximately equal in length. The forward pin 344 establishes two fixed positions on the slide of the firearm while the rearward pin 346 fixes the position of the housing rotationally. Removal of the rearward pin 346 allows the housing 304 to be rotated upward and removed from the slide for gun cleaning.
This embodiment may include a pair of light source 362 push button control switches 309 (e.g., up and down buttons in one embodiment). Selectively depressing one or both of the switches 309 may, for example, increase or decrease the brightness (e.g., intensity) of the light source 362 of the sight 300, turn the light source on or off, serve to program an on-off timer incorporated in appropriate control circuitry of the sight 300, and/or perform other operations as may be desired in various embodiments. In one embodiment, the pushbuttons 309 may be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) 311 and interconnected to the light source 362 via a thin, flat, flexible cable 313, as illustrated in, e.g.,
In one embodiment, PCB 311 may be used to provide one or more of various circuit components illustrated in
It will be appreciated that various components of
In one embodiment, microcontroller 502 may be configured with appropriate instructions (e.g., software instructions) to provide intelligent power control features for a gun sight. For example, microcontroller 502 may be used to detect weapon orientation and motion in response to various input signals such as, for example, signals received from accelerometer 510. Such detected information may be used by instructions running in microcontroller 502 to identify a current intended use of the weapon (e.g., to identify whether or not a user is ready to fire the weapon). In response to this identified intended use, microcontroller 502 may selectively provide (e.g., supply, limit, and/or interrupt) power to any desired electronic components of the gun sight.
For example, if microcontroller 502 identifies that a user is ready to fire the weapon, then microcontroller 502 may supply power to appropriate electronic components of the gun sight to operate the gun sight in a firing mode (e.g., in live fire or dry fire modes). As another example, if microcontroller 502 identifies that a user is not ready to fire the weapon (e.g., the weapon may be holstered or otherwise not in a firing position), then microcontroller 502 may limit and/or interrupt power to appropriate electronic components of the gun sight to conserve power (e.g., to permit longer battery life to be realized).
In one embodiment, the various pins of accelerometer 510 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 2:
In one embodiment, the various pins of ambient light sensor 522 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 3:
In one embodiment, the various pins of operational amplifier 504A may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 4:
In one embodiment, the various pins of operational amplifier 504B may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 5:
In one embodiment, the various pins of battery connection and protection circuit 524 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 6:
In one embodiment, the various pins of switch contact 518A may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 7:
In one embodiment, the various pins of switch contact 5188 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 8:
In one embodiment, the various pins of socket 512 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 9:
In one embodiment, the various pins of connector 516 may be used in the manner set forth in the following Table 10:
In one embodiment, test connections shown in
Referring now to
The parabolic reflector 315 may be constructed of a variety of materials and may be configured in a wide variety of ways. For example, the reflective surface may be integrated into a molded plastic part, or it may be a separate component that is affixed to a frame or other structure. As illustrated in, e.g.,
With reference to the exploded view of
In one embodiment, in order to accommodate the mounting of the sight 100, the rear portion of the slide 102 may be modified. First, the rear sight 120 of the pistol is removed from a corresponding transverse notch in the slide 102 and reinstalled in a corresponding transverse slot 122 disposed in the upper surface 108 of the housing 104. This permits the rear sight 120 to be used in cooperation with the front sight 124 located at the front end of the slide 102 to sight the pistol on a target in the conventional manner.
As illustrated in
During assembly of the sight 100 to the rear of the slide 102, the front mounting pin apertures 116 in the ears 112 of the housing 104 are coaxially aligned with the mounting pin apertures 128 in the slide 102 and the first transverse mounting pin aperture 132 in the pivot block 130, and a front mounting pin 144 is then inserted through apertures 116, 128, and 132 with a tight, frictional fit. Similarly, the rear mounting pin apertures 118 in the housing 104 are coaxially aligned with the second transverse mounting pin aperture 134 in the pivot block 130, and a rear mounting pin 146 is then inserted through apertures 118 and 134 with a tight, frictional fit. This arrangement permits the sight 100 to pivot up and down on the forward mounting pin 144 (e.g., relative to the slide 102) for elevation adjustment of the sight 100, and the sight 100 is locked into the desired elevation position by suitable tightening of the first and second elevation adjustment setscrews 140 and 142. Tool access to the setscrews 140 and 142 may be provided by suitably located access openings 143 located in the upper surface 108 of the housing 104.
The design of this sight 100 contemplates that all azimuth adjustment of the sight 100 be effected when it is initially installed on the gun, and hence, provides only for elevation adjustment by the user. During construction and assembly of each sight 100, at the stage at which it is mounted to the slide 102 of the gun, special care is taken to achieve very accurate azimuth alignment of the illuminated dot to the bore of the weapon. However, the mechanical design of the sight 100 does allow the sight, after removal of the rear mounting pin 146, to be rotated upward by 90 degrees, which permits the sight 100 and slide 102 to be removed from the weapon for cleaning and to provide access to the battery compartment of the sight 100 described below.
The optical portion of the sight 100 comprises a lens assembly 150 retained in the stepped, rectangular opening 106 at the rear end of the housing 104. In one embodiment, the lens assembly 150 comprises an aspheric lens 152 having a convex outer surface and a planar inner surface that is retained in a rectangular mounting bezel 154. In one embodiment, the lens 152 is molded of an acrylic plastic that is dyed red and provided with a hard coating to protect the exterior surface thereof.
The lens assembly 150 defines an active rectangular aperture that, in one embodiment, may be about 1.0 in. high by about 0.9 in. wide, with corners having a radius of about 3/16 inch. The aperture is centered behind the slide 102, with its center located approximately 0.25 in. below the axis of the barrel of the gun.
As illustrated in
In
In use, the brightness of the illuminated dot produced by the light source 162 may be automatically scaled to the ambient light level using a photodiode 176 that senses ambient light through the lens assembly 150 of the sight 100. The brightness level bias, i.e., the ratio of the brightness of the illuminated dot to the brightness of the ambient light may be scaled up or down through two orders of magnitude using a cross pin 178, which is retained in a rectangular transverse bore 180 (e.g., which may be implemented on a left and/or a right side of housing 104 as shown in
The sight 100 may also be turned on and off by a depression of the cross pin 178, or alternatively, by a separate switch, and may remain on continuously, or alternatively, may remain on for a predetermined period of time, e.g., 24 hours, and then turn off automatically via a timer function incorporated in the PCB 156. In one embodiment, a longer “on” period may be implemented, together with the ability to turn the sight 100 off by a double or triple “click” of the cross pin 178. In one embodiment, a warning of a low battery condition in the sight 100 may be sensed by suitable voltage detection circuitry on the PCB 156 and signaled to the user by a continuous blinking of the illuminated dot. Convenient access to the cross pin 178 permits a user to easily pick up the weapon and instantly turn on the sight 100 as the weapon is brought to bear.
Another embodiment of a refractive sight 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
As illustrated in
Light source 262 is powered by a small battery 264, such as a ⅓ N cell lithium or NiCad battery, contained in a cylindrical battery compartment 266 in the housing 204 and held therein by a small, threaded battery door 268 and a compression spring 270. As shown in
Any of the guns sights described herein may be mounted on the slide 12 of an associated automatic pistol 10, e.g., a M1911 Colt/Browning automatic pistol. For example, as shown in
As will be appreciated, many firearms including many automatic and semi-automatic pistols do not have an external hammer 14, and instead, incorporate an internal mechanism for striking the firing pin of the weapon. These may be referred to as “hammerless” or “striker fired.” As illustrated in
Various types of mechanisms may be used to provide for field adjustment where desirable. As illustrated in
Thus, one leaf 406 is affixed to the back of the adapter plate 402, an intermediate leaf 408 is hinged horizontally at a solid hinge 412 relative to the first leaf 406 so as to provide azimuth adjustment, and a third leaf 410 is arranged to hinge vertically at a second solid hinge 414 relative to the intermediate leaf 408 so as to provide elevation adjustment. As illustrated in
With all sighting devices, including open reflex sights and OEGs, that use an illuminated dot that is viewed through an aperture, if the weapon is significantly out of alignment with the target or if the user's eye is too far out of alignment with the aperture the illuminated dot may not be visible to the user. This is a particular problem in very low light conditions where the user cannot see the firearm as it is brought into firing position, and thus lacks visual cues to bring the weapon into alignment.
It will be readily understood that the larger the aperture 353 the easier it will be for the user to align the sight with the user's dominant eye such that the collimated beam of light projected through the aperture can be seen by the user. Positioning the sight behind the slide of a pistol or the frame of a revolver allows for the largest possible aperture that will not interfere with balance and profile of the weapon. For example, an aperture that extends substantially the width of the slide of the pistol and vertically from the top of the slide down to the top of the user's hand maximizes the size of the aperture without interfering with use of the iron sights on the top of the slide and without a bulky projection from the top or side of the firearm.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an indicator may be included in the gun sight to provide a visual cue to help the user obtain a general alignment of the firearm with the target. If the firearm is positioned such that the user cannot see the illuminated dot, an indicator dot in a different color than the illuminated dot may be provided. This indicator dot may be visible, for example, at an edge of the aperture of the gun sight, such that it indicates the direction the firearm needs to be moved to bring the user's eye into correct alignment to acquire the illuminated dot. For example, if the firearm is too low for the user to see the illuminated dot, the indicator dot may appear at the top edge of the aperture, indicating that the firearm needs to be raised higher to bring the sight into correct alignment with the user's eye.
It has long been understood that accurate and effective use of firearms, particularly in high-stress situations such as combat or tactical response, requires extensive training so that the user's develops sufficient muscle memory that their actions become unconscious. Unfortunately, firearms training is extremely expensive in large part because of the cost of ammunition and limited availability of training facilities such as shooting ranges where live ammunition or training blanks may be used. “Dry firing” is the firing of a firearm without either live ammunition or a training blank in the chamber. Dry fire training eliminates the cost of ammunition or blanks, can be conducted virtually anywhere, and allows trainees to conduct an unlimited number of repetitions of the movements involved in bringing their weapon to bear on a target in every conceivable scenario. Thus, there is a need for a gun sight that can be used as a “dry firing” training tool either on its own or as part of a complete firearms or tactical training system.
In one exemplary embodiment, a gun sight of any type may be equipped with a detector, such as an accelerometer (e.g., accelerometer 510), an audio detector or any other suitable device, that can detect the operation of the weapon's firing mechanism such as the fall of the hammer 14. If the detector is activated, when the user pulls the gun's trigger the detector will detect the operation of the firing mechanism, and cause some feedback (e.g., a visible, audible, tactile, or other type of indication) to be output to the user at the instant the weapon would fire if a round was chambered. For example, in one embodiment, a sensor such as accelerometer 510 may provide one or more signals to microcontroller 502 in response to operation of the firing mechanism. In response to the one or more signals, microcontroller 502 may cause appropriate components of the gun sight to provide the feedback.
The feedback provided to the user could take many forms. In one exemplary embodiment, the illuminated dot 192 of the gun sight may increase in brightness for an instant to indicate to the user that a shot has been fired. When the illuminated dot 192 flashes, the user's brain registers the location of the dot 192 relative to the aim point 190 at the instant the trigger is pulled. This allows the user to see where the gun was aimed at the instant the weapon would have fired. In another exemplary embodiment, the illuminated dot 192 briefly changes color at the instant the weapon was fired. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a wide variety of audio, visual, or tactile indicators may be used to indicate to the user the instant that the weapon would have fired if ammunition was being used. In one exemplary embodiment, data regarding the location, orientation, movement, and aim point relative to a target can be collected by sensors located on the weapon or in the target field at the instant of firing. This data can then be analyzed to determine the accuracy of the dry fire shots.
Such a system allows users to train effectively by dramatically increasing the number of times they bring their weapon to bear on a target, while providing immediate feedback to the user regarding their accuracy. Regular use of this dry firing technique may greatly improve the user's marksmanship without having to expend ammunition or to train at a secure practice range. This dry fire training technique also allows users to train under more realistic conditions because it allows the user to target any object that may be a threat. For combat and law enforcement training, the ability to conduct firearms training in which the user is targeting a live human being is particularly important to realistically simulate conditions that may be encountered in the field and train users to overcome their natural resistance to targeting a human being.
As those of skill in the art will appreciate, the gun sights described herein provide a number of distinct advantages, relative to the various gun sights of the prior art. Unlike prior art OEGs and open reflex sights, the conventional open sights on the firearm are not obscured and the balance of the weapon is not altered significantly. The inventive gun sights provide for fast target acquisition in combat situations while allowing the user to maintain a wide field of view, avoid tunnel vision, and maintain situational awareness. Because of their positioning and low sight profile, the gun sights disclosed herein may be used with regular pistol holsters and may be used for concealed carry.
Where applicable, the various components set forth herein can be combined into composite components and/or separated into sub-components without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Similarly, where applicable, the ordering of various steps described herein can be changed, combined into composite steps, and/or separated into sub-steps to provide features described herein.
Embodiments described above illustrate but do not limit the invention. It should also be understood that numerous modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined only by the following claims.
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/785,781 filed May 24, 2010 and entitled “GUN SIGHT” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20120186132 A1 | Jul 2012 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12785781 | May 2010 | US |
Child | 13359925 | US |