Patent Application
20250107989
The present disclosure is drawn to a hair treatment composition and methods of treating hair with the hair treatment composition. Treated hair exhibits improved fiber alignment, frizz control, and smoothness.
Many consumers use cosmetic and care compositions to enhance the appearance of hair, e.g., by changing the color, style, or shape of the hair and/or by imparting various cosmetic properties to hair, such as shine and conditioning. Hair can become dry or damaged for various reasons, e.g., weather exposure, poor nutrition, mechanical treatments (e.g., brushing hair), styling treatments using chemicals, dying, heat, nutrition, etc. Even cleansing products can remove hair's natural oils causing dryness, which can lead to a dull appearance, split ends, and frizz.
Chemical treatments for hair include bleaching and coloring treatments to change the color the hair. Chemical treatments also include processes to permanently change the shape and structure of the hair, for example by perming, waving, relaxing or straightening the hair. These chemical treatments change the look of hair by changing its physical structure, which inevitably causes a certain degree of damage to the hair. Environmental factors, such as salt water, sunlight, and heat, are also known to damage hair. Damaged hair is characterized by unnatural changes to the protein structure of the individual hair strands or shafts.
The popularity and usage of oils for hair treatments has increased due to their effectiveness and simplicity. Commonly used oils include olive oil, mineral oil, avocado oil, apricot kernel oil, rice bran oil, and coconut oil. However, these treatments can leave the hair feeling greasy. In addition, the effects are not usually seen after more than several hours (e.g., 8 hours) of treatment and several treatments are usually required, making it time consuming and labor intensive.
Damage to hair results in split ends, dryness, hair that is easily broken, and hair that becomes “frizzy” and unmanageable. Because the visible portion of hair is dead, it has no ability to regenerate itself. There are numerous over the counter and salon treatments that purport to repair damaged hair. These include conditioners, hot oil treatments, hydrolyzed proteins, vitamin formulations, and exotic fruit, leaf, or root extracts. These treatments, however, provide only limited improvement to the hair. Therefore, hair treatment technologies that can straighten, relax, or style the hair without chemically damaging the hair are desired.
There is still a need for providing improved manageability of hair, for example, improved hair alignment, reduced unwanted volume (especially reduced frizz), and increased shine.
The instant disclosure is drawn to hair treatment compositions and methods for improving the look, feel, and style of hair. In particular, the hair treatment compositions and methods improve fiber alignment, reduce frizz, and impart smoothness. The treated hair is soft, shiny, and has a healthy appearance. The compositions include a unique combination of a components that form a smooth coating on the surface of the hair, which is surprisingly durable. The coating and improved cosmetic properties imparted to the hair are long-lasting, resistant to humidity, and maintained even washing the hair.
The hair treatment compositions of the instant disclosure typically include:
Citric acid and its salts provide a myriad of benefits to hair. For example, it acts as an antioxidant, removes build-up and debris from the hair, and improves blood circulation in the scalp, which in turn nourishes hair follicles and promotes growth. Its acidic pH is also useful for balancing the pH of the scalp, as many hair care products make it more alkaline. The citric acid in the instant compositions also interacts with cyclodextrin in a unique manner and improves film formation on the hair, which is further potentiated with heat. Sodium citrate (or trisodium citrate) is an examples of a salt of citric acid.
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, comprised of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. Typical cyclodextrins contain a number of glucose monomers ranging from six to eight units in a ring, creating a cone shape, for example, α (alpha)-cyclodextrin gas 6 glucose subunits, β (beta)-cyclodextrin has 7 glucose subunits, and γ (gamma)-cyclodextrin has 8 glucose subunits. Nonlimiting examples of cyclodextrins for use in the compositions of the present disclosure include α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, methyl-α-cyclodextrin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, methyl-γ-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.
Cyclic carbonates are also known as cyclic carbonate esters. Nonlimiting examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate, dipropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, propylene carbonate is preferred.
The hair treatment compositions typically include one or more polysaccharide thickening agents. Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharide thickening agents include starches, modified starches, gums, modified gums, celluloses, modified cellulose, or mixtures thereof. More specific nonlimiting examples include xanthan gum, gellan gum, sclerotium gum, guar gum and their derivatives, cellulose and its derivatives, and a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, xanthan gum is preferred.
The hair treatment compositions optionally include one or more water soluble solvents (also referred to as “water-soluble organic solvents”). Nonlimiting examples of water soluble solvents include glycerin, C1-C6 mono-alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more water soluble solvents is glycerin, a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, etc.) or a combination thereof.
The hair treatment compositions optionally include one or more amino-functionalized silicones. Nonlimiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis (C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicone, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, aminopropyl dimethicone, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicone, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, amodimethicone is preferred.
The hair treatment compositions optionally include one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. Nonlimiting examples include nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers selected from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene glycol, ethoxylated mono or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides, and mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated. Fatty alcohol ethoxylates are particularly useful, for example, polyethylene glycol ethers of tridecyl alcohol (or other fatty alcohol).
In various embodiments, the compositions include one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Nonlimiting examples of miscellaneous ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and/or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, or a mixture thereof.
The compositions are useful for improving the look, feel, and style of hair. Accordingly, the instant disclosure is drawn to methods for treating hair, for example, methods for improving the look, feel, or style of the hair. More specifically, the instant disclosure is drawn to methods for improving fiber alignment, reducing frizz, and imparting smoothness to hair. Such methods typically include application of the composition to the hair. Without rinsing the composition from the hair, the hair is dried and treated with a hot iron. In various embodiments, the temperature of the hot iron is at least 100° C., for example, about 120° C. to about 230° C. The treated hair is soft, shiny, conditioned, with a healthy appearance. The compositions include a unique combination of a cyclic carbonate and an amino-functionalized silicone, which forms a smooth coating on the surface of the hair. The smooth coating is surprisingly durable. The improved cosmetic properties imparted to the hair are long-lasting and are maintained even after washing the hair. The hair has a lightweight feel, is soft a flexible (not crunchy), and has a natural and healthy appearance.
Implementation of the present technology is described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figure, wherein:
It should be understood that the various aspects are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.
The instant disclosure is drawn to hair treatment compositions and methods for treating hair. The compositions include a unique combination of a cyclic carbonate and an amino-functionalized silicone. These components interact with one another in a synergistic-like manner. Treatment with the compositions improve fiber alignment, reduce frizz, and impart smoothness, to a surprising degree. The longevity of the improved fiber alignment, reduced frizz, and smoothness is also significant and surprising. Hair treated with the compositions of the instant disclosure retains these desirable cosmetic properties, even after multiple cleansing cycles. Thus, the benefits provided by the compositions are long-lasting and wash resistant.
The hair treatment composition typically include:
The pH of the composition can vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, a pH less than 7 (an acidic pH) is desirable. For example, the pH can be from about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 4.5, about 2.5 to about 4, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 4.5, or about 3 to about 4, preferably about 2.5 to about 4.
The total amount of citric acid, salts thereof, or combination thereof will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 1 to about 8 wt. % of citric acid, salts thereof, or a combination thereof, based on a total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 1 to about 6 wt. %, about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 6 wt. % about 2 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 4 wt. %, about 2 to about 3 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 6 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 3 wt. %, or about 1, about 1.5, about 2, about 2.5, about 3, about 3.5, about 4, about 4.5, or about 5 wt. % of citric acid, salts thereof, or a combination thereof, based on a total weight of the composition.
Compositions according to the disclosure comprise at least one cyclodextrin or derivative thereof. As used herein, the term “cyclodextrins” includes slats of carboxylic acid, whether or not expressly stated. Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
The cyclodextrins that can be used include those of the formula:
wherein:
For example, in embodiments where R═H, the cyclodextrin may be α-cyclodextrin (n=6), β-cyclodextrin (n=7), or γ-cyclodextrin (n=8). By way of example, α-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W6 PHARMA, β-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W7 PHARMA, or γ-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W8 PHARMA can be used.
In other embodiments where R═CH3, the cyclodextrin may be a methyl-cyclodextrin, such as methyl-α-cyclodextrin (n=6), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (n=7), or methyl-γ-cyclodextrin (n=8). For example, the methyl-β-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVASOL W7 may be chosen.
In various embodiments, the at least one cyclodextrin may comprise a mixture of cyclodextrins and/or derivatives thereof. For example, the at least one cyclodexctrin may be a mixture of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and/or γ-cyclodextrin. In another embodiment, the at least one cyclodextrin includes β-cyclodextrin. In yet a further embodiment, the cyclodextrin is only β-cyclodextrin, and no other cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof are present in the composition.
In one embodiment, the compositions according to the present disclosure includes β-cyclodextrin in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, such as from 0.2% to about 8%, from about 0.3% to about 7%, from about 0.4% to about 6%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair treatment composition.
The total amount of cyclodextrin in the hair treatment compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % of cyclodextrin, based on a total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes 0.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 2 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, about 1 to about 2 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 1.25 wt. %, about 1.5 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 2.5 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 3.5 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 4.5 wt. %, or about 5 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
The total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments the total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin and derivatives of (b) is about 1 to about 12 wt. %, based on a total weight of the hair treatment composition. In further embodiments, the total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin and derivatives of (b) is about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 6 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 6 wt. %, about 2 to about 5 wt. %, about 3 to about 12 wt. %, about 3 to about 10 wt. %, about 3 to about 8 wt. %, about 3 to about 6 wt. %, about 3 to about 5 wt. %, or about 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 7 wt. %, or 8 wt. %, based on a total weight of the hair treatment composition.
The weight ratio of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) to the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a weight ratio of about of about 8:1 to about 1:2((a):(b)). In further embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a weight ratio of 6:1 to about 1:2, about 5:2 to about 1:2, about 4:1 to about 1:2, about 3:1 to about 1:2, about 2:1 to about 1:2, about 8:1 to about 1:1, about 6:1 to about 1:1, about 5:1 to about 1:1, about 4:1 to about 1:1, about 3:1 to about 1:1, about 2:1 to about 1:1, about 1.2:1, about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.6:1, or about 1.8:1((a):(b)).
The mole ratio of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) to the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a mole ratio of about 20:1 to about 3:1. In further embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a mole ratio of about 18:1 to about 3:1, about 15:1 to about 3:1, about 20:1 to about 5:1, about 18:1 to about 5:1, about 15:1 to about 5:1, about 20:1 to about 8:1, about 18:1 to about 8:1, about 15:1 to about 8:1, about 20:1 to about 10:1, about 18:1 to about 10:1, about 15:1 to about 10:1, about 14:1, about 13:1, about 12:1, or about 11:1.
In various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin of (b) are combined with one another before being added into the hair treatment compositions of the instant disclosure. For example, the cyclodextrin is preferably solubilized in the citric acid to form a solubilized combination of citric acid and cyclodextrin. The combination can be heated to facilitate or hasten the dissolution of the cyclodextrin. The solubility of cyclodextrin in water is not always ideal. Therefore, combining the cyclodextrin with the citric acid and dissolving the cyclodextrin in citric acid before adding combining the combination with other components of the hair treatment composition can be beneficial.
Cyclic carbonates are also known as cyclic carbonate esters. Nonlimiting examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate, dipropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, propylene carbonate is preferred.
The total amount of the one or more cyclic carbonates in the compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more cyclic carbonates, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 1 to about 18 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 18 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 5 to about 20 wt. %, about 5 to about 18 wt. %, about 5 to about 15 wt. %, about 5 to about 12 wt. %, about 8 to about 20 wt. %, about 8 to about 18 wt. %, about 8 to about 15 wt. %, or about 8 to about 12 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
The term “polysaccharides” refers to compounds containing a backbone of repeating sugar (i.e., carbohydrate) units. As the name suggests, a “polysaccharide thickening agent” increases the viscosity of the composition (thickens the composition). The polysaccharide thickening agents may be cationic, nonionic, or anionic. In various embodiments, the polysaccharide thickening agents are preferably nonionic polysaccharides.
Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharide thickening agents include starches, gums, celluloses, and a mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of starches include modified starches, starch-based polymers, methylhydroxypropyl starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, starch crosslinked with octenyl succinic anhydride (sold under the name Dry-Flo by National Starch), starch oxide, dialdehyde starch, dextrin, British gum, acetyl starch, starch phosphate, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, and hydroxypropyl starch.
Nonlimiting examples of cellulose-based polymers include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Also useful herein are the alkyl-substituted celluloses. Preferred among the alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers is the material given the CTFA designation cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, which is the ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethylcellulose. This material is sold under the tradename NATROSOL CS Plus from Aqualon Corporation.
In various embodiments, the polysaccharide thickening agents are preferably selected from scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3) linked glucose units with a (1-6) linked glucose every three units, a commercially available example of which is CLEAROGEL. CS1 1 from Michel Mercier Products Inc.
Nonlimiting examples of gums include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, biosacharide gum, and mixtures thereof.
In various embodiments, the one or more polysaccharide thickening agents are selected from hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, potato starch (modified or unmodified), wheat starch, rice starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, xanthan gum, sclerotium gum, and a mixture thereof. In yet further embodiments, the polysaccharide is hydroxypropyl starch phosphate. Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate is sold under the tradename of STRUCTURE ZEA by the company Akzo Nobel. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the one or more polysaccharide thickening agents is xanthan gum.
The total amount of the one or more polysaccharide thickening agents in the compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of the one or more polysaccharides, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 3 wt. %, or about 0.3 to about 2 wt. % or the one or more polysaccharide thickening agents, based on the total weight of the composition.
The term “water soluble organic solvent” is interchangeable with the terms “water soluble solvent” and “water-miscible solvent” and means a compound that is liquid at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and it has a solubility of at least 50% in water under these conditions. In some cases, the water-soluble solvents has a solubility of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example, C1-10, C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof. Nonlimiting examples of monoalcohols and polyols include ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethers thereof such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol. Other suitable examples of organic solvents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and glycerin.
Further non-limiting examples of water soluble organic solvents include alkanediols (polyhydric alcohols) such as glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, (caprylyl glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol, and isopropanol; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-1-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether; 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbit, sorbitan, acetine, diacetine, triacetine, sulfolane, and a mixture thereof.
Polyhydric alcohols are useful. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and a mixture thereof. Polyol compounds may also be used. Non-limiting examples include the aliphatic diols, such as 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 5-hexene-1,2-diol, and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and a mixture thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition iinclude one or more glycols selected from glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
The total amount of the one or more water soluble solvents in the compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more water soluble solvents, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 1 to about 20 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, or about 1 to about 3 wt. % of the one or more water soluble solvents, based on the total weight of the compositions.
The total amount of water in the hair treatment compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment compositions include about 50 to about 90 wt. % of water, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 60 to about 90 wt. %, about 70 to about 90 wt. %, about 50 to about 85 wt. %, about 60 to about 85 wt. %, about 70 to about 85 wt. %, about 75 to about 85 wt. %, about 50 to about 80 wt. %, about 60 to about 80 wt. %, about 70 to about 80 wt. %, about 65 to about 85 wt. %, about 60 wt. %, about 65 wt. %, about 70 wt. %, about 75 wt. %, about 80 wt. %, or about 85 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
The hair treatment compositions may optionally include one or more amino-functionalized silicones. The term “amino-functionalized silicone” or “amino silicones” means a silicone containing at least one primary amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino and/or quaternary ammonium group. The structure of the amino-functionalized silicone may be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic. The amino functional group may be at any position in the silicone molecule, preferably at the end of the backbone (for example, in the case of amodimethicones) and/or in the side chain.
In some instances, an amino-functionalized silicones is selected from compounds having the following formula:
wherein each R1 is independently selected from a C1-30 alkyl group, a C1-30 alkoxy group, a C5-30 aryl group, a C6-30 aralkyl group, a C6-30 aralkyloxy group, a C1-30 alkaryl group, a C1-30 alkoxyaryl group, and a hydroxy group (preferably, each R1 is independently selected from a C1-30 alkyl group, a C1-30 alkoxy group and a hydroxy group);
each R2 is independently a divalent alkylene radical having one to ten carbon atoms (preferably, R2 is a divalent alkylene radical having three to six carbon atoms);
each R3 is independently selected from a C1-30 alkyl group, a C5-30 aryl group, a C6-30 aralkyl group and a C1-30 alkaryl group (preferably, each R3 is independently selected from of a C1-30 alkyl group);
Q is a monovalent radical selected from —NR42 and —NR4(CH2)xNR42;
each R4 is independently selected from a hydrogen and a C1-4 alkyl group;
x is 2 to 6;
z is 0 or 1;
n is 25 to 3,000 (preferably, 25 to 2,000; more preferably, 25 to 1,000; most preferably 25 to 500); and
m is 0 to 3,000 (preferably, 0 to 2,000; more preferably, 0 to 1,000; most preferably, 0 to 100);
with the proviso that at least 50 mol % of the total number of R1 and R3 groups are methyl and with the proviso that when m is 0, z is 1.
Preferred R1 groups include methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, propyl, propoxy, isopropyl, isopropoxy, butyl, butoxy, isobutyl, isobutoxy, phenyl, xenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, tolyl and hydoxy. Preferred R2 divalent alkylene radicals include trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, —CH2CH(CH3)CH2 and CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2.
Preferred R3 groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl, xenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl and tolyl. Preferred R4 groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl. When z is 0, the amino-functionalized silicine has only pendant amine functional substituents in the polymer chain. When z is 1, the amino-functional silicone may have only terminal amine functional substituents (e.g., m=0) or may have both terminal and pendant amine functional substituents in the polymer chain (e.g., m>0). Preferably, n+m is 50 to 1,000. More preferably, n+m is 50 to 750. Still more preferably, n+m is 50 to 500. Most preferably, n+m is 50 to 250.
In some instances, the amino-functionalized silicones are alkoxylated and/or hydroxylated amino silicones. Suitable alkoxylated and/or hydroxylated amino silicones may be selected from compounds of the following formula:
wherein R3 is hydroxyl or OR5, R5 is a C1 to C4 alkyl group, R4 is a group with structure according to the following formula:
R6 is a C1 to C4 alkyl, n is a 1 to 4, x is the same as “n” described above, and y is the same as “m” described above.
The silicone may be a polysiloxane corresponding to the following formula:
in which x′ and y′ are integers such that the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is comprised between about 5000 and 500 000;
b) amino silicones corresponding to following formula:
R′aG3-a—Si(OSiG2)n—(OSiGbR′2-b)m—O—SiG3-a—R′a
in which:
G, which may be identical or different, designate a hydrogen atom, or a phenyl, OH or C1-C8 alkyl group, for example methyl, or C1-C8 alkoxy, for example methoxy,
a, which may be identical or different, denote the number 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, in particular 0;
b denotes 0 or 1, and in particular 1;
m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and in particular from 49 to 149, and for m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 1 to 10;
R′, which may be identical or different, denote a monovalent radical having formula —CqH2qL in which q is a number ranging from 2 to 8 and L is an optionally quaternized amino group chosen from the following groups:
—NR″—Q—N(R″)2
—N(R″)2
—N+(R″)3A—
—N+H(R″)2A—
—N+H2(R″)A—
—N(R″)—Q—N+R″H2A—
—NR″—Q—N+(R″)2HA—
—NR″—Q—N+(R″)3A—,
in which R″, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, or a saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, for example a C1-C20 alkyl radical; Q denotes a linear or branched CrH2r group, r being an integer ranging from 2 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4; and A-represents a cosmetically acceptable ion, in particular a halide such as fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide.
Another group of amino silicones corresponding to this definition is represented by silicones having the following formula:
in which:
m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m) can range from 1 to 1000, in particular from 50 to 250 and more particularly from 100 to 200, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 999 and in particular from 49 to 249, and more particularly from 125 to 175, and for m to denote a number from 1 to 1000 and in particular from 1 to 10, and more particularly from 1 to 5;
R1, R2, R3, which may be identical or different, represent a hydroxy or C1-C4 alkoxy radical, where at least one of the radicals R1 to R3 denotes an alkoxy radical.
The alkoxy radical is preferably a methoxy radical. The hydroxy/alkoxy mole ratio ranges preferably from 0.2:1 to 0.4:1 and preferably from 0.25:1 to 0.35:1 and more particularly equals 0.3:1. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone ranges preferably from 2,000 to 1,000,000, more particularly from 3,500 to 200,000.
Another group of amino silicones corresponding to this definition is represented by the following formula:
in which:
p and q are numbers such that the sum (p+q) ranges from 1 to 1000, particularly from 50 to 350, and more particularly from 150 to 250; it being possible for p to denote a number from 0 to 999 and in particular from 49 to 349, and more particularly from 159 to 239 and for q to denote a number from 1 to 1000, in particular from 1 to 10, and more particularly from 1 to 5;
R1, R2, which may be the same or different, represent a hydroxy or C1-C4 alkoxy radical, where at least one of the radicals R1 or R2 denotes an alkoxy radical.
The alkoxy radical is preferably a methoxy radical. The hydroxy/alkoxy mole ratio ranges generally from 1:0.8 to 1:1.1 and preferably from 1:0.9 to 1:1 and more particularly equals 1:0.95.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
in which:
m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and in particular from 49 to 149, and for m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 1 to 10;
A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably 4 carbon atoms. This radical is preferably linear.
The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of these amino silicones ranges preferably from 2000 to 1 000 000 and even more particularly from 3500 to 200 000.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
in which:
m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and in particular from 49 to 149, and for m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 1 to 10;
A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably 4 carbon atoms. This radical is preferably branched.
The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of these amino silicones ranges preferably from 500 to 1 000 000 and even more particularly from 1000 to 200 000.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
in which:
R5 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C1-C18 alkyl or C2-C18 alkenyl radical, for example methyl;
R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, in particular a C1-C18 alkylene radical or a divalent C1-C18, for example C1-C8, alkylenoxy radical linked to the Si via an SiC bond;
Q— is an anion such as a halide ion, in particular chloride, or an organic acid salt (for example acetate);
r represents a mean statistical value from 2 to 20 and in particular from 2 to 8;
s represents a mean statistical value from 20 to 200 and in particular from 20 to 50.
Such amino silicones are described more particularly in patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,087.
A group of quaternary ammonium silicones is represented by the following formula:
in which:
R7, which may be identical or different, represent a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C1-C18 alkyl radical, a C2-C18 alkenyl radical or a ring containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl;
R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, in particular a C1-C18 alkylene radical or a divalent C1-C18, for example C1-C8, alkylenoxy radical linked to the Si via an SiC bond;
R8, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C1-C18 alkyl radical, a C2-C18 alkenyl radical or a —R6-NHCOR7 radical;
X— is an anion such as a halide ion, in particular chloride, or an organic acid salt (for example acetate);
r represents a mean statistical value from 2 to 200 and in particular from 5 to 100. These silicones are described, for example, in patent application EP-A 0530974.
A group of quaternary ammonium silicones is represented by the following formula:
in which:
R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, denote a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a phenyl group;
R5 denotes a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a hydroxyl group;
n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5;
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 5;
and in which x is chosen such that the amine number is between 0.01 and 1 meq/g;
multiblockpolyoxyalkylenated amino silicones, of type (AB)n, A being a polysiloxane block and B being a polyoxyalkylenated block containing at least one amine group.
Said silicones are preferably constituted of repeating units having the following general formulae:
[—(SiMe2O)xSiMe2—R—N(R″)—R′—O(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b—R′—N(H)—R—]
or alternatively
[—(SiMe2O)xSiMe2—R—N(R″)—R′—O(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b—]
in which:
a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably ranging from 5 to 200, more particularly ranging from 10 to 100;
b is an integer comprised between 0 and 200, preferably ranging from 4 to 100, more particularly between from 5 and 30;
x is an integer ranging from 1 to 10 000, more particularly from 10 to 5000;
R″ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl;
R, which may be identical or different, represent a divalent linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbon-based radical, optionally including one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen; preferably, R denotes an ethylene radical, a linear or branched propylene radical, a linear or branched butylene radical, or a —CH2CH2CH2OCH(OH)CH2— radical; preferentially R denotes a —CH2CH2CH2OCH(OH)CH2— radical;
R′, which may be identical or different, represent a divalent linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbon-based radical, optionally including one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen; preferably, R′ denotes an ethylene radical, a linear or branched propylene radical, a linear or branched butylene radical, or a —CH2CH2CH2OCH(OH)CH2— radical; preferentially R′ denotes —CH(CH3)—CH2—.
The siloxane blocks preferably represent between 50 and 95 mol % of the total weight of the silicone, more particularly from 70 to 85 mol %.
The amine content is preferably between 0.02 and 0.5 meq/g of copolymer in a 30% solution in dipropylene glycol, more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone oil is preferably comprised between 5000 and 1,000,000, more particularly between 10,000 and 200,000.
Non-limiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicones, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicones, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicones, aminopropyl dimethicones, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicones, caprylyl methicones, and a mixture thereof. In some instances, a particularly useful amino-functionalized silicone is bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, wherein X is isobutyl and one of the R is OH and the other is OCH3 in the above structure, also known as “Bis-Hydroxy/Methoxy Amodimethicone” and “3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl Me, di-Me, [(hydroxydimethylsilyl)oxy]- and [(methoxydimethylsilyl)oxy]-terminated.” Bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone is commercially available under the tradename DOWSIL AP-8087 FLUID from The Dow Chemical Company. A particularly preferred amino-functionalized silicone is amodimethicone” A non-limiting example of amodimethicone products containing amino silicones having structure (D) re sold by Wacker under the name BELSIL ADM 652, BELSIL ADM 4000 E, or BELSIL ADM LOG 1. A product containing amino silicones having structure (E) is sold by Wacker under the name FLUID WR 1300. Additionally or alternative, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone ranges preferably from 2,000 to 200,000, even more particularly 5,000 to 100,000 and more particularly from 10,000 to 50,000.
In a preferred embodiment, the one or more amino-functionalized silicones are selected from amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicone, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, aminopropyl dimethicone, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicone, or a mixture thereof. In a further preferred embodiments, the amino-functionalized silicone is amodimethicone.
The total amount of the one or more amino-functionalized silicones in the compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of the one or more amino-functionalized silicones, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 0.01 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, or about 0.1 to about 2 wt. % of the one or more amino-functionalized silicones, based on the total weight of the composition.
The terms “nonionic surfactant” and “nonionic emulsifier” are used interchangeably in the instant disclosure and therefore can be referred to as “nonionic emulsifying surfactants.” The nonionic surfactant or emulsifier may have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) ranging from 1 to 7.9 or greater than or equal to 8. “HLB” refers to the “hydrophilic-lipophilic balance” associated with nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In particular, “HLB” value relates to the ratio of hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in emulsifiers, and also relates to solubility of the emulsifiers. Lower HLB emulsifiers (such as those with HLB values ranging from 1 to 7.9) are more soluble in oils (lipophilic material) and are more appropriate for use in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Higher HLB emulsifiers (such as those with HLB values higher than 8) are more soluble in water (hydrophilic material) and are more appropriate for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers include alkyl and polyalkyl esters of poly(ethylene oxide), alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of poly(ethylene oxide), optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan, alkyl and polyalkyl glycosides or polyglycosides, in particular alkyl and polyalkyl glucosides or polyglucosides, alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sucrose, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of glycerol, and optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of glycerol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the non-ionic surfactant(s) may be chosen from alkyl and polyalkyl esters of poly(ethylene oxide), alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of poly(ethylene oxide), optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of glycerol, and optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of glycerol, and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more alkanolamides. Non-limiting examples alkanolamides include fatty acid alkanolamides. The fatty acid alkanolamides may be fatty acid monoalkanolamides or fatty acid dialkanolamides or fatty acid isoalkanolamides, and may have a C2-8 hydroxyalkyl group (the C2-8 chain can be substituted with one or more than one —OH group). Non-limiting examples include fatty acid diethanolamides (DEA) or fatty acid monoethanolamides (MEA), fatty acid monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), fatty acid diisopropanolamides (DIPA), and fatty acid glucamides (acyl glucamides).
Suitable fatty acid alkanolamides include those formed by reacting an alkanolamine and a C6-C36 fatty acid. Examples include, but are not limited to: oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and mixtures thereof.
In some instances, the fatty acid alkanolamides preferably include cocamide MIPA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide DIPA, and mixtures thereof. In particular, the fatty acid alkanolamide may be cocamide MIPA, which is commercially available under the tradename EMPILAN from Innospec Active Chemicals.
Fatty acid alkanolamides include those of the following structure:
wherein R4 is an alkyl chain of 4 to 20 carbon atoms (R4 may be, for example, selected from lauric acid, coconut acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, behenic acid, babassu fatty acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, corn fatty acid, soy fatty acid, shea butter fatty acids, caprylic acid, capric acid, and mixtures thereof);
R6 is selected from —CH2OH, —CH2CH2OH, —CH2CH2CH2OH, —CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH, -benzyl, and mixtures thereof;
R6 is selected from —H, —CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2OH, —CH2CH2CH2OH, —CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH, -benzyl, and mixtures thereof.
In some instances, the one or more of the fatty acid alkanolamides include one or more acyl glucamides, for example, acyl glucamides having a carbon chain length of 8 to 20. Non-limiting examples include lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, and tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more alkyl polyglucosides. Non-limiting examples of alkyl polyglucosides include those having the following formula:
R1—O—(R2O)n—Z(x)
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 8-18 carbon atoms;
R2 is an ethylene or propylene group;
Z is a saccharide group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms;
n is an integer from 0 to 10; and
x is an integer from 1 to 5.
Useful alkyl poly glucosides include lauryl glucoside, octyl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate. Typically, the at least one alkyl poly glucoside compound is selected from the group consisting of lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside and coco glucoside. In some instances, decyl glucoside is particularly preferred.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more miscellaneous nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. Nonlimiting examples include alcohols, alpha-diols, alkylphenols and esters of fatty acids, being ethoxylated, propoxylated or glycerolated and having at least one fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being possible for the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups to range from 2 to 50, and for the number of glycerol groups to range from 1 to 30. Maltose derivatives may also be mentioned. Non-limiting mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide; condensates of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 1.5 to 5 glycerol groups, such as from 1.5 to 4; ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan comprising from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; ethoxylated oils from plant origin; fatty acid esters of sucrose; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol; polyethoxylated fatty acid mono or diesters of glycerol (C6-C24) alkylpolyglycosides; N—(C6-C24) alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (C10-C14) alkylamine oxides or N—(C10-C14)acylaminopropylmorpholine oxides; and mixtures thereof.
Such nonionic surfactants may preferably be chosen from polyoxyalkylenated or polyglycerolated nonionic surfactants. The oxyalkylene units are more particularly oxyethylene or oxypropylene units, or a combination thereof, and are preferably oxyethylene units.
In some cases, the nonionic surfactant may be selected from esters of polyols with fatty acids with a saturated or unsaturated chain containing for example from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100, such as glyceryl esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; polyethylene glycol esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sorbitol esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sugar (sucrose, glucose, alkylglycose) esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; ethers of fatty alcohols; ethers of sugar and a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty alcohol or alcohols; and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ethoxylated fatty esters that may be mentioned include the adducts of ethylene oxide with esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and mixtures thereof, especially those containing from 9 to 100 oxyethylene groups, such as PEG-9 to PEG-50 laurate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 laurate to PEG-50 laurate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 palmitate to PEG-50 palmitate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 stearate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 stearate to PEG-50 stearate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitostearate; PEG-9 to PEG-50 behenate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 behenate to PEG-50 behenate); polyethylene glycol 100 EO monostearate (CTFA name: PEG-100 stearate); and mixtures thereof.
As glyceryl esters of fatty acids, glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and/or tristearate) (CTFA name: glyceryl stearate) or glyceryl ricinoleate and mixtures thereof can in particular be cited.
As glyceryl esters of C8-C24 alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxylated glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and/or tristearate) such as PEG-20 glyceryl stearate can for example be cited.
Mixtures of these surfactants, such as for example the product containing glyceryl stearate and PEG-100 stearate, marketed under the name ARLACEL 165 by Uniqema, and the product containing glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono- and distearate) and potassium stearate marketed under the name TEG1N by Goldschmidt (CTFA name: glyceryl stearate SE), can also be used.
The total amount of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers in the hair treatment compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment compositions include about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers, based on a total weight of the compositions.
The compositions optionally include or exclude (or are essentially free from) one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the compositions and do not disrupt or materially affect the basic and novel properties of the compositions. Nonlimiting examples of ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and/or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.) composition colorants, etc. In various embodiments, the miscellaneous ingredients are chosen from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, composition colorants, and mixtures thereof. In the context of the instant disclosure, a “composition colorant” is a compound that colors the composition but does not have an appreciable coloring effect on hair. In other words, the composition colorant is included to provide a coloring to the composition for aesthetic appeal but is not intended to impart coloring properties to hair. Styling gels, for example, can be found in a variety of different colors (e.g., light blue, light pink, etc.) yet application of the styling gel to hair does not visibly change the color of the hair.
The total amount of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, or about 2 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
Viscosity measurements of the hair styling composition may be carried out using a Brookfied Viscometer DV-II+Pro (Model D), Spindle B (Heliopath) at 50 RPM, 1 min., at 25° C. The hair styling compositions typically have a viscosity of about 500 cSt to about 5,000 cSt at room temperature (25° C.). Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions have a viscosity of about 500 cSt to about 4,000 cSt, about 500 cSt to about 3,000 cSt, about 500 cSt to about 2,500 cSt, about 500 cSt to about 2,000 cSt, about 1,000 cSt to about 5,000 cSt, about 1,000 cSt to about 4,000 cSt, about 1,000 cSt to about 3,000 cSt, or about 1,000 cSt to about 2,800 cSt at room temperature (25° C.).
All components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, e.g., a claimed composition may be “free,” “essentially free” (or “substantially free”) of one or more components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from anionic surfactants.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from polymers, copolymers, and crosspolymers formed with acrylate or methacrylate monomers, e.g, free or essentially free from polyacrylic acid and polyacrylate polymers and crosspolymers.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from N-alkyl-2-mercaptoacetamide. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from all mercaptoacetamides.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from ethylene carbonate. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from free from linear carbonates, e.g., dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc. In various embodiments, the composition is free or essentially free from cyclic lactones (e.g., valerolactone, caprolactone, pantolactone, meadowlactone, etc.), free or essentially free from heterocyclic molecules (e.g., 2-oxazolidinone, 2-imidazolidinone, etc.) free or essentially free from sulfones (dimethyl sulfone, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide), and/or free or essentially free from ureas (e.g., urea, ethylene urea, etc.). In yet further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from carbonates.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment compositions are free or essentially free from polysaccharides other than the cyclodextrin and derivatives thereof.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from silicones other than the one or more amino-functionalized silicones. Similarly, in various embodiments, the composition is free or essentially free from silicones other than amodimethicone.
In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from monosaccharides and disaccharides. For example, the composition is free or essentially free from ribose, arabinose, glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose, and/or methyl glucoside.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from formaldehyde, derivatives of formaldehyde, formalin, and compounds that produce formaldehyde upon heating.
In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is free or essentially free from thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, or salts thereof.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition comprises or consists of:
The pH of the composition can vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, a pH less than 7 (an acidic pH) is desirable. For example, the pH can be from about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 4.5, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 5, or about 3.5 to about 4.5.
In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition comprises or consists of:
The pH of the composition can vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, a pH less than 7 (an acidic pH) is desirable. For example, the pH can be from about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 4.5, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 5, or about 3.5 to about 4.5.
As explained throughout the instant disclosure, the hair treatment compositions are particularly useful in methods for treating hair, preferably human hair, in particular human hair of the head. Treatment with the compositions improves fiber alignment, reduces frizz, and impart smoothness to the hair. The methods typically comprise applying a hair treatment composition of the instant disclosure to the hair. The hair is preferably wet or damp, but the composition can also be applied to dry hair. Application of the compositions to the hair will moisten the hair because the compositions are aqueous (contain a large portion of water).
The hair treatment composition is allowed to remain on the hair for a period of time before being rinsed from the hair. In various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is allowed to remain on the hair for 1 minute to about 60 minutes before being rinsed from the hair. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition is allowed to remain on the hair for about 1 minute to about 45 minutes, about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 45 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 15 minutes, about 20 minutes, about 25 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 40 minutes, about 45 minutes, or about 60 minutes, before being rinsed from the hair. Along these lines, the hair treatment composition is considered a “rinse out” or “rinse off” product that nonetheless remains on the hair for a period of time prior to rinsing.
After rinsing the hair, the hair can be dried, for example, with a blow drier. After the hair is dry, the hair can be treated with a thermal treatment (treated with heat). For example, the hair can be treated with a hot iron, in particular, a flat iron. Typically, the hot iron is passed over the hair at least once, at least twice, at least three times, or more. The hot iron is preferably at a temperature of about 120° C. to about 250° C., preferably 140° C. to about 250° C., more preferably about 150° C. to about 200° C.
Implementation of the present disclosure is provided by way of the following examples. The examples serve to illustrate the technology without being limiting in nature.
The compositions in the table of Example 1 were incorporated into a hair treatment routine and the resulting cosmetic attributes of hair subjected to the routine evaluated. The routine was carried out using medium bleached hair swatches (CP 3) of curly hair. The swatches were initially cleansed with a standard shampoo. After cleansing the hair swatches, they were subjected to the following routine.
The results show Inventive Composition C provided the hair swatches with the best fiber alignment, lowest degree of frizz (best frizz control), and the greatest smoothness, as illustrated upon initial treatment, after 1 hour in a humidity chamber, after shampooing, and after shampooing with an additional 1 hour in a humidity chamber. The hair swatches treated with Inventive Composition C exhibited a surprising degree of fiber alignment, surprising degree of frizz reduction, and a surprising degree of smoothness. When the composition lacks propylene carbonate (Comparative Composition B), the same degree of alignment, frizz reduction, and smoothness was not acheived. Furthermore, when the composition lacks citric acid and cyclodextrin (but includes propylene carbonate), the same degree of alignment, frizz reduction, and smoothness was not achieved. The data show the criticality of including all three of citric acid, cyclodextrin, and propylene carbonate.
The data above describes treatment according to the instant disclosure and subsequent exposure to humidity, followed by washing with a shampoo and another subsequent exposure to humidity. None that the trend shown by the data continued throughout multiple washing cycles. Treatment with Inventive Composition C provided the hair swatches with the best fiber alignment, lowest degree of frizz (best frizz control), and the greatest smoothness, even after multiple cleansing the hair with a shampoo multiple times, which was not the case when the hair was treated with Comparative Compositions A and B.
The foregoing description illustrates and describes the disclosure. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments. However, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that it is capable to use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the invention concepts as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and/or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described herein above are further intended to explain best modes known by applicant and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses thereof. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended to the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments.
As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” are used in their open, non-limiting sense.
The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular. Thus, the term “a mixture thereof” also relates to “mixtures thereof.”Throughout the disclosure, the term “a mixture thereof” is used, following a list of elements as shown in the following example where letters A-F represent the elements: “one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture thereof.” The term, “a mixture thereof” does not require that the mixture include all of A, B, C, D, E, and F (although all of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included). Rather, it indicates that a mixture of any two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F can be included. In other words, it is equivalent to the phrase “one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture of any two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F.”
Likewise, the term “a salt thereof” also relates to “salts thereof.” Thus, where the disclosure refers to “an element selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof,” it indicates that that one or more of A, B, C, D, and F may be included, one or more of a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included, or a mixture of any two of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included.
The salts referred to throughout the disclosure may include salts having a counter-ion such as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium counterion. This list of counterions, however, is non-limiting. Appropriate counterions for the components described herein are known in the art.
The expression “one or more” means “at least one” and thus includes individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.
The term “plurality” means “more than one” or “two or more.”
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients and/or reaction conditions may be modified in all instances by the term “about,” meaning within +/−5% of the indicated number.
All percentages, parts and ratios herein are based upon the total weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated.
Some of the various categories of components identified may overlap. In such cases where overlap may exist and the composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two components that overlap), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, certain compounds may be considered both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fatty compound. If a particular composition includes both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fatty compound, a single compound will serve as only the nonionic surfactant or emulsifier or only as the fatty compound (the single compound does not simultaneously serve as both the nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and the fatty component).
A “rinse-off” product refers to a composition that is rinsed and/or washed from the hair with water either after or during the application of the composition onto the hair, and before drying and/or styling the hair. At least a portion of the composition is removed from the hair during the rinsing and/or washing.
A “leave-on” product refers to a composition that is not rinsed and/or washed from the hair after or during application of the composition onto the hair. The composition remains on the hair during drying and/or throughout styling.
As used herein, all ranges provided are meant to include every specific range within, and combination of sub ranges between, the given ranges. Thus, a range from 1-5, includes specifically 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, as well as sub ranges such as 2-5, 3-5, 2-3, 2-4, 1-4, etc. All ranges and values disclosed herein are inclusive and combinable. For examples, any value or point described herein that falls within a range described herein can serve as a minimum or maximum value to derive a sub-range, etc.
The composition of the instant case optionally include one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers, for example, one or more nonionic, anionic, cationic, and/or amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants. The term “surfactants” and “emulsifiers” include salts of the surfactants and emulsifiers even if not explicitly stated. In other words, whenever the disclosure refers to a surfactant or emulsifier, it is intended that salts are also encompassed to the extent such salts exist, even though the specification may not specifically refer to a salt (or may not refer to a salt in every instance throughout the disclosure), for example, by using language such as “a salt thereof” or “salts thereof.” Sodium and potassium are common cations that form salts with surfactants and emulsifiers. However, additional cations such as ammonium ions, or alkanolammonium ions such as monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium ions, may also form salts of surfactants.
The term “substantially free” or “essentially free” as used herein means that there is less than about 2% by weight of a specific material added to a composition, based on the total weight of the compositions. Nonetheless, the compositions may include less than about 1 wt. %, less than about 0.5 wt. %, less than about 0.1 wt. %, or none of the specified material.
All components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, e.g., a claimed composition may be “free,” “essentially free” (or “substantially free”) of one or more components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure.
All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference, and for any and all purposes, as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In the event of an inconsistency between the present disclosure and any publications or patent application incorporated herein by reference, the present disclosure controls.
