Halogen containing cyclohexane derivatives, methods of preparation and compositions containing same

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel compounds useful as fragrance materials which have the structure ##STR1## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl; and X is halogen. The invention also provides methods of preparing these compounds from readily available cyclohexene derivatives and fragrance compositions which include the compounds.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is an increased demand for materials which can be used to modify and/or enhance the organoleptic properties of consumable items. The natural oils which have traditionally been used for this purpose often suffer the disadvantages of irregular or limited supply, variable quality and high cost. Consequently the search for new and inexpensive chemicals which can be used as partial or total replacements for essential oils, or which can be used in the creation of new and unique flavor and fragrance materials has intensified in recent years.

The use of halogen containing compounds as fragrance materials is well documented. One example is gamma homocyclogeranyl chloride which has the general structure ##STR2## and is a component of tincture of Ambergris. 2-Chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl chlorobenzene have been found in Evernia Prunastri. Further examples may be found in Actander, Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (1969). For example alphabromostyrol which has the structure ##STR3## is identified as compound No. 370 in Actander. Its fragrance is described therein as pungent-sweet, grassy-floral odor, reminiscent of Hyacinth in extreme dilution. Slightly softer than the odor of omega-Bromostyrol.

Actander compound No. 608 is 2-chloro-4,6-dinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tertiary-butylbenzene which has the structure ##STR4## and is described as having an odor similar to 2,4,6-trinitro-3-tertiary-butyl toluene, sweet, heavy, musky, slightly more pungent and less tenacious.

Actander compound No. 2272 is mononitro dibromobutylmeta-cresol methylether which has the structure ##STR5## and is described as having a sweet Ambergris musk-like odor of good tenacity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention it has been found that compounds having the structure ##STR6## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl, and X represents a halogen group are useful as fragrance materials.

The present invention also provides efficient and economical processes for preparing these compounds involving reacting a substituted cyclohexene derivative having the structure ##STR7## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon carbon double bond and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl with a hypohalous acid having the formula HO-X wherein X is halogen.

Finally in accordance with the present invention it has been found that fragrance compositions can be prepared by incorporating in these compositions the novel compounds of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with this invention, there have been discovered novel halogen-containing cyclohexane derivatives as represented by the structure ##STR8## wherein the dashed line may either be a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl; and X represents a halogen group have been prepared. It will be recognized that the chemicals of this invention can exist in several stereoisomeric forms. The foregoing structural formula is intended to embrace the individual stereoisomers, as well as mixtures of the various stereoisomers of the halogen compounds of this invention. The compounds exhibit clean, soft, powdery, warm, sweet, woody orris, berry-like notes rendering them useful in fine fragrances as well as perfumed products such as deodorants, cosmetic preparations and the like.

The compounds of this invention can be conveniently and inexpensively prepared by reacting a cyclohexene derivative having the structure ##STR9## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl with a hypohalous acid having the general formula HO-X, where X is selected from a group consisting of the halogens chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine in the presence of an organic solvent such as methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, hexane or toluene, preferably methylene dichloride or ethylene dichloride. The hypohalous acid is generated in situ in accordance with standard procedures (see H. O. House, "Modern Synthetic Reactions," 2nd ed., p. 434 (1972). Isolation and purification of the final products is achieved by conventional techniques including extraction, distillation, preparative chromatographic techniques and the like.

One or more of the halogen-containing cyclohexane derivatives of this invention and auxiliary perfume ingredients, for example, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, esters and essential oils may be admixed so that the combined odors of the individual components produce a desired fragrance. Such perfume compositions are carefully balanced, harmonious blends of essential oils, aroma chemicals, resinoids and other extracts of natural odorous materials. Each ingredient imparts its own characteristic effect to the composition. Thus, one or more of the halogen-containing compounds of this invention can be employed to impart novel characteristics into fragrance compositions.

Such compositions may contain up to about 80 weight percent of any one or more of the halogen containing cyclohexane derivatives of the invention. Ordinarily at least 0.001 weight percent of the halogen-containing cyclohexane derivative is required to impart significant odor characteristics. Amounts in the range of from about 1 to about 60 weight percent are preferred. The halogen-containing compounds of this invention may be formulated into concentrates containing about 1 to 60 weight percent of the chemical in an appropriate solvent. Such concentrates are then employed to formulate products such as colognes, deodorants, etc., wherein the concentration of the chemicals of this invention can be in the range of from about 0.001 to about 7 weight percent depending upon the final product.

A number of examples are provided hereinafter to illustrate the preferred embodiments of this invention, but are in no way meant to limit the scope thereof.

The following instrumentation was used to characterize the novel compounds of this invention. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded with a Varian Associates T-60A spectrometer using tetramethylsilane as the internal reference. Infrared (IR) spectra were obtained with a Perkin Elmer 710 B spectrophotometer. Mass spectra (MS) were obtained with a Hewlett-Packard 5985 Mass Spectrometer. Unless otherwise stated weights are in grams, temperatures are in degrees centigrade and pressures in mm Hg.

EXAMPLE 1 ##STR10##

To a mixture of commercial bleach (28.5 ml of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite) .alpha.-dihydro-ionone (3.88 g) and methylene chloride (110 ml) was added a solution of potassium phosphate (monobasic) (5.44 g) in water (40 ml) during a 15 minute period. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 25.degree.. The methylene chloride solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate solution, the solvent evaporated, and the residue distilled to give 2.81 g (61% yield) of 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)-2-butanone, bp 101.degree.-106.degree., 0.2 mm. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.85 and 0.95 (6H, 2s, >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 0.9-2.6 (9H, m), 2.10 (3H, s, --COCH.sub.3), 4.36-4.55 (1H, t, J=6 Hz, >CHCl), 4.76 and 5.33 (2H, 2s, >C=(CH.sub.2). IR (film) .gamma.max 2950, 1720, 1675, 1650, 1455, 1360. MS m/e 193, 175, 159, 134, 119.

EXAMPLE 2

The reaction of .alpha.-dihydro-ionone and hypochlorous acid was carried out as described in Example 1 except that hexane was substituted for methylene chloride. A 59% yield of 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl-2-butanone was obtained. The spectral data was identical to that reported in Example 1.

EXAMPLE 3 ##STR11##

A solution of sodium bromide (6.17 g) in water (10 ml) and commercial bleach (31.2 ml of a solution of sodium hypochlorite) were stirred together for 5 minutes and a solution of dihydro-.alpha.-ionone (3.88 g) in methylene chloride was added. Then a solution of potassium phosphate (monobasic) (5.44 g) in water (30 ml) was added during 30 minutes. After stirring for 50 minutes at 25.degree. a solution of sodium bromide (2.05 g) and commercial bleach (10 ml) was added, followed by a solution of potassium phosphate (monobasic) (2.72 g) in water (10 ml) and the reaction mixture stirred for 15 minutes at 25.degree.. The methylene chloride solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and the solvent evaporated to provide the crude product (5.86 g). Column chromatography gave 1.87 g of 4-(5-bromo-6-methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)-2-butanone. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.93 (6H, s, >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 0.9-2.6 (9H, m), 2.12 (3H, s, --COCH.sub.3), 4.6-5.1 (1H, m, >CHBr), 4.76 and 5.28 (2H, 2s, >C.dbd.CH.sub.2), 4.68 and 5.20 (2H, 2s, >C.dbd.CH.sub.2, minor isomer; isomer ratio 3/1). IR (film) .nu..sub.max 2960, 1720, 1675, 1650, 1455, 1360.

EXAMPLE 4 ##STR12##

To a mixture of commercial bleach (42.6 ml of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite), .alpha.-irone (6.24 g), and methylene chloride (200 ml) was added a solution of potassium phosphate (monobasic) (8.16 g) in water (40 ml) during a 30 minute period. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 25.degree.. The methylene chloride solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and evaporated to give 7.8 g of crude product. Purification by column chromatography gave 4.59 g of 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-buten-2-one. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.70-0.78 (2H, d, J=5 Hz, >CHCH.sub.3), 0.90, 0.93 and 0.99 (6H, 3s, >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 0.9-1.3 (1H, m, >CHCH.sub.3), 1.5-2.1 (2H, m, --CH.sub.2 --), 2.25, 2.26 and 2.28 (3H, 3s, --COCH.sub.3), 2.67 and 2.83 (1H, 2s, >CH--CH.dbd.CH--), 4.6-4.9 (1H, m, >CHCl), 4.93 and 5.12 (2H, 2s, >C.dbd.CH.sub.2, 5.8-6.3 (1H, m, --CH.dbd.CH--CO--), 6.6-7.6 (1H, m, --CH.dbd.CHCO--). IR (film) .nu..sub.max 2960, 1695, 1675, 1620, 1460, 1430 cm.sup.-1. MS m/e 207, 163.

EXAMPLE 5 ##STR13##

To a mixture of commercial bleach (28.5 ml of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite), .alpha.-ionone (3.84 g), and methylene chloride (330 ml) was added a solution of potassium phosphate (monobasic) (5.44 g) in water (40 ml) during a 30 minute period. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 25.degree., the methylene chloride solution washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and evaporated to give 4.1 g of crude product. Purification by column chromatography gave 2.35 g of 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)-3-buten-2-one. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.90 and 0.93 (6H, 2s, >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 0.9-2.1 (4H, m), 2.27 (3H, s, --COCH.sub.3), 2.53 and 2.71 (1H, 2s, >CH--CH.dbd.CH--), 4.35-4.68 (1H, m, >CHCl), 4.70, 4.83, 5.15 and 5.33 (2H, 4s, >C.dbd.CH.sub.2), 5.9-6.4 (1H, m, --CH.dbd.CH--CO--), 6.7-7.3 (1H, --CH.dbd.CH--COCH.sub.3). IR (film) .nu..sub.max 2960, 1695, 1675, 1630, 1450, 1430 cm.sup. -1. MS m/e 191, 149.

EXAMPLE 6

The following illustrates the utility of 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2-dimethyl-1-cyclohexyl)-2-butanone, the compound of Example 1, in a fantasy floral composition.

______________________________________FANTASY FLORALpts/wt Component______________________________________10 Oil Patchouly10 Eugenol Extra10 Geranyl Acetate10 Anisyl Acetate20 Iso Eugenol20 Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde20 Hydroxy Citronellal20 Oil Ylang Extra25 1% Sol. Aldehyde C-12 MNA in D.E.P. Odorless30 Geraniol30 Vetiveryl Acetate40 Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol50 Coumarin50 Musk Ketone50 Oil Bergamot60 Oil Lemon70 Vanillin75 Compound of Example 1100 Heliotropin Extra100 Benzyl Acetate100 Linalool100 Linalyl Acetate1000______________________________________

EXAMPLE 7

The following illustrates the utility of 4-(5-bromo-6-methylene-2,2-dimethyl-1-cyclohexyl)-2-butanone, the compound of Example 3, in fragrance compositions of the fougere type.

______________________________________FOUGEREpts/wt Component______________________________________20 Oil Vetiver Reunion20 10% Sol. Rose Oxide in D.E.P. Colorless20 Labdanum Resinoid Absolute30 Coumarin30 10% Sol. Aldehyde C-11 in D.E.P. Odorless30 Oil Patchouly30 Oil Geranium Maroc30 Citronellal Extra30 Geraniol30 Iso Amyl Salicylate30 Eugenol40 Linalool FCC50 Oil Lemon50 Oil Fir Needles Canadian50 Linalyl Acetate50 Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol50 Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde100 Oil Lavandin Abrial Extra100 Cedryl Acetate100 Compound of Example 3110 Diethyl Phthalate1000______________________________________

EXAMPLE 8

A fantasy woody floral fragrance may be prepared containing the compound of Example 4.

______________________________________FANTASY WOODY FLORALpts/wt Component______________________________________60 Rhodinol Extra10 Phenylethyl Phenylacetate100 Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol50 Oil Rose Bulgarian30 Oil Ylang Extra40 Jasmin Absolute60 Linalool50 Benzyl Acetate140 Oil Vetiver Reunion50 Acetyl Cedrene30 10% Aldehyde C-11 in D.E.P. Odorless70 Musk Ketone40 Coumarin30 Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde130 Hydroxycitronellal110 Compound of Example 41000______________________________________

Claims

1. A method of preparing a compound having the structure: ##STR14## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may be hydrogen or a methol group; and X is a halogen, which comprises reacting a substituted cyclohexane derivative having the structure: ##STR15## wherein the dashed line, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are as above, with a hypohalous acid having the formula HO--X, wherein X is a halogen.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said substituted cyclohexene derivative has the structure: ##STR16## and said hypohalous acid is hypobromous acid.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said substituted cyclohexane derivative has the structure: ##STR17## and said hypohalous acid is hypochlorous acid.