Halogenated paclitaxel derivatives

Abstract

This invention is directed to novel halogenated paclitaxel derivatives, processes for their preparation and use as effective anti-tumor agents.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention is directed to novel halogenated paclitaxel analogs and derivatives, processes for their preparation and use as effective anti-tumor agents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Several important compounds from the taxane family of terpenes have been identified as possessing strong anti-neoplastic activity against various cancers. For example, paclitaxel (1), having the following structure, 1

[0004] has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and is presently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of various other cancers, including lung and colon cancer.

[0005] Cephalomannine has been reported to be effective in causing remission of leukemic tumors (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,206,221) and is most often present with its structurally similar analog, paclitaxel. The structure of cephalomannine (2) is shown below: 2

[0006] Paclitaxel and cephalomannine are only some of the many natural products from the taxane family which can be found, for example, in the bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia and other yew species such as T. baccata, T. cuspidata, as well as T. yunnanensis and other plant materials including T. hicksii, T. densiformis, T. gem. T wardii, T. capitata, T. brownii, and T. dark green spreader. These compounds can also be found in Cephalotaxus species, such as, for example, Cephalotaxus manni as well as cultured plant cells and fungi.

[0007] The supply of paclitaxel, cephalomannine and other important taxanes is, however, limited to a finite amount of yew trees and other vegetation in which they are present in small amounts. Thus, alternative compounds having paclitaxel-like or cephalomannine-like anti-tumor activity are highly desirable to increase the armamentarium of clinical therapeutic agents.

[0008] In the U.S. application Ser. No. 08/654,424, filed May 29, 1996, and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/672,397, filed May 29, 1996, now U.S. Pat. Nos. ______ and ______ respectively, the entirety of each being incorporated by reference herein, the synthesis, separation and anticancer activity of several dihalocephalomannine diastereomers is provided. In this study, two diastereomeric 2″, 3″-dibromocephalomannines and their two corresponding 7-epimers were obtained by treatment of extracts of Taxus yunnanensis with bromine solution, under mild conditions. Treatment of the same extract with chlorine solution yielded four diastereomeric 2″, 3″-chlorocephalomannines. The diastereomeric mixtures were separated into the individual components by preparative HPLC on C18 reversed-phase silica gel. A more efficient analytical separation seas obtained on a penta-fluorophenyl bonded phase. The compounds were isolated and fully identified by classic and modem methods. Slight differences were observed in the NMR spectra of the 7-epimers when compared to their 7β-OH analogs. On the basis of a comparison of physico-chemical data, the bromo compounds were identified as (2″R,3″S)-dibromo-7-epi-cephalomannine (3), (2″S,3″R)-dibromo-7-epi-cephalomannine (4), (2″R,3″S)-dibromo-cephalomannine (5), (2″S, 3″R)-dibromocephalomannine (6). The chloro compounds were identifed as (2″R,3″R)-dichlorocephalomannine (7), (2″S,3″S)-dichlorocephalomannine (8), (2″R,3″S)-dichlorocephalomannine (9), and , (2″S,3″R)-dichlorocephalomannine (10).

[0009] Cytotoxic activity was tested against the NCI 60 human tumor cell line panel in comparison with paclitaxel and results were obtained showing strong antineoplastic activity against several tumor lines, including, but not limited to, leukemia cell line HL-60 (TB); Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Line NCI-H522; Colon Cancer Cell Lines COO 205 and HT29, CNS Cancer Cell Lines SF-539 and SNB-75; Ovarian Cancer Cell Line OVCAR-3; Renal Cancer Cell Line RXF-393; and Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231/ATCC, HS 578, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-N.

[0010] The structures of some of these dihalogenated cephalomannines are set forth below:

3
	R	R1	R2
3	4	H	OH
4	5	H	OH
5	6	OH	H
6	7	OH	H
7	8	OH	H
8	9	OH	H
9	10	OH	H
10	11	OH	H

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] In accordance with the present invention, there are now provided several novel halogenated derivatives of paclitaxel and cephalomannine for use as anticancer agents, which have structures selected from the next two general formulas A and B: 12

[0012] For general formula A:

[0013] wherein R1 is mono or dihalogenated acyl group, aroyl group (Table 1), alkyloxy-carbonyl group or aryloxy-carbonyl group (Table 2) and R3 is hydrogen or halogenated group, and R2 is hydrogen or acetyl groups;

[0014] wherein R4 is PhCO or Me3COCO or CH3CH═C(CH3)CO,

[0015] R3 is a halogenated group (Tables 1 and 2);

[0016] For general formula B:

[0017] wherein R1 is mono or dihalogenated acyl group or aroyl group (Table 1), alkyloxy-carbonyl group or aryloxy-carbonyl group (Table 2) and R2 is hydrogen or acetyl group, and R5 is any group from Table 3;

[0018] R6 is H or Me; 13

[0019] wherein

[0020] R1 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40);

[0021] and R2 is H or Ac;

TABLE 1
Structures of Halogenated Acyl and Aroyl Groups
Group 1  14
Group 2  15
Group 3  16
Group 4  17
Group 5  18
Group 6  19
Group 7  20
Group 8  21
Group 9  22
Group 10 23
Group 11 24
Group 12 25
Group 13 26
Group 14 27
Group 15 28
Group 16 29
Group 17 30
Group 18 31
Group 19 32
Group 20 33
Group 21 34
Group 22 35
Group 23 36
Group 24 37
Group 25 38
Group 26 39
Group 27 40
Group 28 41
Group 29 42
Group 30 43
Group 31 44
Group 32 45
Group 33 46
Group 34 47
Group 35 48
Group 36 49
Group 37 50
Group 38 51
Group 39 52
Group 40 53
X: halogen (Cl or Br or I or F)
X1: one type of halogen
X2: other type of halogen

[0022]

TABLE 2
Structures of Halogenated Alkyloxy- and Aryloxy- Carbonyl Groups
Group 41 54
Group 42 55
Group 43 56
Group 44 57
Group 45 58
Group 46 59
Group 47 60
Group 48 61
Group 49 62
Group 50 63
Group 51 64
Group 52 65
Group 53 66
Group 54 67
Group 55 68
Group 56 69
Group 57 70
Group 58 71
Group 59 72
Group 60 73
Group 61 74
Group 62 75
Group 63 76
Group 64 77
Group 65 78
Group 66 79
Group 67 80
Group 68 81
Group 69 82
Group 70 83
Group 71 84
Group 72 85
Group 73 86
Group 74 87
Group 75 88
Group 76 89
Group 77 90
Group 78 91
Group 79 92
Group 80 93
Group 81 94
Group 82 95
Group 83 96
Group 84 97
Group 85 98
Group 86 99
Group 87 100
Group 88 101
Group 89 102
Group 90 103
Group 91 104
Group 92 105
Group 93 106
Group 94 107
Group 95 108
X: halogen (Cl or Br or I or F)
X1: one type of halogen
X2: other type of halogen

[0023]

TABLE 3
Group Structures of Amino Acids and Their Codes Used in This Patent
109
Me
110
Ac
111
Ph
112
Bz
113
G1
114
G2
115
G3
116
G4
117
G5
118
G6
119
G7
120
G8
121
G9
122
G10
123
G11
124
G12
125
G13

[0024] 126

[0025] wherein

[0026] R1 is a group selected from Table 2 (groups 41 to 95);

[0027] R2 is H or Ac; 127

[0028] wherein

[0029] R3 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40);

[0030] and R2 is H or Ac, and R4 is PhCO or Me3COCO or CH3CH═C(CH3)CO; 128

[0031] wherein

[0032] R3 is a group selected from Table 2, (groups 41 to 95),

[0033] R2 is Ac or H, and R4 is PhCO or Me3COCO or CH3CH═C(CH3)CO; 129

[0034] wherein

[0035] R1 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40);

[0036] R2 is H or Ac;

[0037] R3 is a group selected from Table 2 (groups 41 to 95); 130

[0038] wherein

[0039] R1 is a group selected from Table 2 (groups 41 to 95);

[0040] R2 is H or Ac;

[0041] R3 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40); 131

[0042] wherein

[0043] R1 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40);

[0044] R2 is H or Ac;

[0045] R3 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40); 132

[0046] wherein

[0047] R1 is a group from Table 2 (groups 41 to 95);

[0048] R2 is H or Ac;

[0049] R3 is a group selected from Table 2 (groups 41 to 95); 133

[0050] wherein

[0051] R1 is a group selected from Table 1 (groups 1 to 40);

[0052] R2 is H or Ac;

[0053] R5 is H or Me or G1 or G2 or G3 or G4 or G5 or G6 or G7 or G8 or G9 or G11 or G12 or G13;

[0054] R6 is H, only in the case when R5 is G10 the group R6 is H or Me; 134

[0055] wherein

[0056] R1 is a group selected from Table 2 (groups 55 to 95);

[0057] R2 is H or Ac;

[0058] R5 is H or Me or G1 or G2 or G3 or G4 or G5 or G6 or G7 or G8 or G9 or G11 or G12 or G13;

[0059] R6 is H, only in the case when R5 is G10 the group R6 is H or Me;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH PREFERED EMBODIMENTS

Synthesis of the Compounds

[0060] General Method

[0061] In accordance with this invention, halogenated cephalomannine, paclitaxel or other taxane analogs can be prepared in good yields from relatively refined sources of cephalomannine, paclitaxel and other taxane compounds. The analogs are prepared by selective halogenation of the different aliphatic or aromatic saturated or unsaturated acids, further converted to acyl halogenides or halogenated aliphatic or aromatic unsaturated alchohols or phenols, converted with phosgene to the corresponding formates, while leaving portions or moieties of the molecule or other important taxane compounds in the mixture, such as 10-deacetyl-baccatin III, Baccatine III, Cephalomannine, Taxotere, Paclitaxel, undisturbed and unreacted.

[0062] Separation and purification of halogenated analogs which show strong antitumor efficacy from the mixture can be accomplished by conventional or other modem methods.

[0063] Halogenation of unsaturated or saturated aliphatic or aromatic acids can be done by some classical reactions bubolling the halogene through the cold solution of the above mention compounds or by addition dropwise or pure halogene or disolved in nonpolar solvents as methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, following by separation and purification of the resulting less polar mixture to individual pure compounds using classical or modem methods (destilation, crystalization, chromatography etc.).

[0064] Halogenation of unsaturated or saturated alcohols or phenols can be done using the methods so close to these used for production of halogenated aliphatic or aromatic acids.

[0065] The synthetic methods of this invention are advantageously independent of the concentration of starting compunds with taxan structure present in various bulk products as 10-deacetyl-baccatin III, Baccatin III, debenzoyleted cephalomannine and Paclitaxel or Cephalomannine Taxotere and Paclitaxel.

[0066] All of them can be obtained from natural sources, or by synthetic or semisynthetic methods.

[0067] The reaction between mono-or dichalogenated acyl halogenides, can be done in solution of nonpolar solvents as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbontetrachloride at room (or lower) temperature in presents of some organic or inorganic reagents as N,N,N,-triethylamine, pyridine etc., to catch the HX coming from the reaction.

[0068] On the same way are provided and the reactions between halogenated alcyl (or aryl-)-oxy-carbonyl-halogenides with amino acids or taxane derivatives.

[0069] There are different ways for preparation of formates: 1. Preparation of formates from halogenated alchohols or phenols by reaction with phosgene, followed by purification or the product. Next step is the reaction of the formate with amino acids or taxane derivatives.

[0070] In the last reaction can be used ready made formates. 2. Combined (one step) reaction between halogenated derivatives (alcohols or phenols), phosgene and amino acids or taxane compounds.

[0071] All reactions of this invention are shown on the following schematic diagram (Reactions I to VII). 135136137138139140141142143

[0072] The resulting pure halogenated compounds can be separated and their chemical structures elucidated by conventional, analytical and physicochemical techniques.

[0073] The reaction mixture containing taxane impurities can then be separated and purified by conventional methods such as chromatography and recrystallization and the individual separated and halogenated analogs made available for antitumor treatment.

Synthesis of Compounds of Type I

[0074] Halogenated paclitaxel analogs of the general structure Type I of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic route: 144

[0075] where R1 is a dihalogenated or halogenated acyl group selected from Table 1, groups 1-40, and R2 is H or Ac.

EXAMPLE 1

[0076] The reaction scheme in the production of Type I compounds is further exemplified by N-(2″-bromo-3″methyl)-butanoyl-N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine which can be prepared as follows:

[0077] 7.49 g (0.010 M) N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous 1,2-dichloro-ethane (DE) and to this solution at room temperature is added 3.05 g (0.030 M) N,N,N-triethylamine (TEA), dissolved in 25 ml dry 1,2-dichloro-ethane (DE).

[0078] The mixture is stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C. 10 for about 1 hour.

[0079] During stirring at 0° C., 4.99 g (0.025 M)2-bromo-3-methyl-butanoyl-chloride dissolved in 25 ml dry DE is added dropwise and the mixture stirred at 0° C. for approximately 5 hours.

[0080] After the reaction is finished, the mixture is washed 3 times (each time with 200 ml) with water and the organic layer is dried over on 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0081] The dry solution is filtered and concentrated to a dry solid material on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum to produce 8.0-9.5 g solid creamy material.

[0082] This material is purified on a preparative HPLC reversed phase C-18 column and mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water.

[0083] After sedimentation and crystallization from 50/50 acetone/hexane, 6.8 g of a white crystalline solid is obtained (yield of 75%).

Synthesis of Compounds Type II

[0084] Halogenated analogs of paclitaxel of the general structure of Type II in accordance with this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic route: 145

[0085] where R1 is a halogenated group selected from Table 2, groups 41-95, R is a halogenated alchohol or phenol, and R2 is Ac or H;

EXAMPLE 2

[0086] (Variant A)

[0087] The reaction scheme of Type II compounds is exemplified by N-(2,4-dibromophenoxy) carbonyl-N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine which can be prepared as follows:

[0088] 7.56 g (0.030 MO 2,4-dibromophenol is dissolved in 250 ml DE (anhydrous) and the solution is cooled in an ice bath at 0° C.

[0089] Under N2 atmosphere at 0° C. and stirring, this solution is treated with 3.05 g (0.030 M), and 3.33 g solid triphosgene (0.012 M), and stirring at 0° is continued for one hour. 7.28 g (0.030 M) N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine is dissolved in 120 ml anhydrous DE and the solution is stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C.

[0090] Keeping the temperature around 0° C., the solution of 2,4-dibromophenylchloroformate is added dropwise to the cold (0° C.) solution of N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine continuing the stirring 3 hours more.

[0091] The cooling bath is then removed and stirring is continued under N2 atmosphere (at room temperature) for another 40 hours.

[0092] A new portion of 2,4-dibromophenyl-chloroformate (0.012 M), prepared by the same method above is added and stirring at room temperature continued for 3 days.

[0093] The reaction mixture (625-650 ml) is washed 3 times (each time with 500 ml) with water and the organic layer is dried over 40 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0094] After filtration, the solution is concentrated by drying on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum.

[0095] The obtained crude material (about 12.5 g) is purified by preparative HPLC on a C-18 prep. Column using mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile water.

[0096] The combined fractions which contain N-(2,4-dibromophenoxy) carbonyl-N-debenzoyl cephalomannine are concentrated to remove acetonitrile and accumulated solid material recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane.

[0097] 7.12 g of white to off-white solid (yield 70-72%) is obtained.

EXAMPLE 3

[0098] (Variant B)

[0099] The reaction scheme of Type II compounds is further exemplified by N-(2,4-dibromoethoxy) carbonyl-N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine which can be prepared as follows:

[0100] 7.28 g (0.010 M) N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and to this solution at room temperature is added dropwise 3.05 g TEA (0.030 M). The mixture is stirred and cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath.

[0101] To this cold solution is added dropwise for few minutes 5.63 g (0.030 M) 2-bromoethylchloro-formate and reaction mixture continued to be stirred for 3 hours at 0° C.

[0102] When the reaction is finished, the mixture is washed 3 times (each time with 150 ml) with water and the washed organic layer dried with 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0103] The dry organic solution is filtered from desiccant and the clear solution concentrated to dryness on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum.

[0104] The obtained 8.6-9.0 g dry material (residue) is purified by preparative HPLC on a C-18 reversed phase column using mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile water.

[0105] The combined fractions which contain N-(2,4-dibromoethoxy) carbonyl-N-debenzoyl cephalomannine are concentrated and sedimented product is recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane.

[0106] 5.9 g of white crystalline product (yield 65%) are obtained.

Synthesis of Compounds of Type III

[0107] Halogenated analogs of paclitaxel of the general structure of Group IV of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic route: 146

[0108] where

[0109] R1 is a halogenated or dihalogenated acyl group selected from Table 1, groups 1-40,

[0110] R2 is Ac or H,

[0111] and R4 is PhCO or Me3COCO or CH3CH═C(CH3)CO;

EXAMPLE 4

[0112] The reaction scheme of Type III compounds is exemplified by 2′-0-[(2,3-dichloro-3-phenyl)-propanoyl]-paclitaxel which can be prepared as follows:

[0113] 8.53 g (0.010 M) paclitaxel is dissolved in 200 ml DE and to this solution at room temperature is added 3.05 g TEA (0.030 M) dissolved in 25 ml DE.

[0114] The mixture is stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C. for about 1 hour.

[0115] During the stirring at 0° C., to this solution is added dropwise 5.94 g (0.025 M)2,3-dichloro-3-phenyl-propanoyl chloride dissolved in 25 ml DE, and the stirring continued 5 hours at the same temperature.

[0116] After the finish of reaction, the mixture is washed 3 times (each time with 200 ml) with water and the washed organic extract dried on 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0117] The dry solution is filtered and concentrated to dryness on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum to obtain 9.0-11.0 g dry white solid material.

[0118] The obtained crude product is purified on a preparative HPLC column C-18 using mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water.

[0119] All fractions containing 2′-0-[(2,3-dichloro-3-phenyl)-propanoyl]-paclitaxel are combined and concentrated under vacuum, and the sedimented material filtered.

[0120] After crystallization from 50/50 acetone/hexane 8.20 g of white crystals (yield 72%) are obtained.

Synthesis of Compound of Type IV

[0121] Halogenated analogs of paclitaxel of the general structure of Type IV of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic route: 147

[0122] where R1 is a halogenated or dihalogenated formate group (see Table 2, groups 41-95), R2 is Ac or H, and R4 is PhCO or Me3COCO or CH3CH═C(CH3)CO;

EXAMPLE 5

[0123] (Variant A)

[0124] The reaction scheme of Type IV compounds can be exemplified by 2′-0-[(2-chloropropyloxy)carbonyl]-paclitaxel which can be prepared as follows:

[0125] 8.53 g (0.010 M) paclitaxel is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and to this mixture during the stirring is added dropwise at room temperature 3.05 g TEA (0.030 M) or 2.33 g (0.030 M) pyridine.

[0126] To this cold solution is added for few minutes dropwise 4.72 g (0.030 M) 2-chloro-propylchloroformate and the stirring continued 2 hours at 0° C.

[0127] After the reaction, the mixture is washed 3 times (each time with 150 ml) with water and the washed organic solution is dried on 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0128] The dry solution is filtered and concentrated to dryness on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum.

[0129] The dry residue is then purified by a preparative HPLC on C-18 reversed phase with mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water and recrystallized with 50/50 acetone/hexane.

[0130] 7.85 g of white crystals (yield 80%) are obtained.

EXAMPLE 6

[0131] (Variant B)

[0132] The reaction scheme of Type IV compounds can also be exemplified by 2′-0-[2-chlorophenoxy(carbonyl]-paclitaxel which can be prepared as follows:

[0133] 3.856 g (0.030 M) O-chlorophenol is dissolved in 250 ml anhydrous DE and the solution is cooled to 0° C.

[0134] Under N2 atmosphere at 0° C. and stirring, the solution is treated with 3.05 g (0.030 M) TEA and 3.33 g (0.012 M) solid triphosgene.

[0135] The stirring of the mixture at 0° C. is continued 1 hour to obtain freshly prepared 2-chloro-phenyl-chloroformate.

[0136] 8.53 g (0.010 M) paclitaxel is dissolved in 120 ml anhydrous DE and stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C.

[0137] Keeping the temperature around 0° C., the freshly prepared and cold solution of chloroformate is added to the paclitaxel solution, with stirring at 0° C. continued for 3 hours or more.

[0138] The cooling bath is removed and stirring of the mixture continued another 40 hours at room temperature.

[0139] A new portion of 2-chlorophenyl-chloroformate (0.012 M) prepared as above is added and stirring at room temperature is continued 3 days.

[0140] The reaction mixture (625-650 ml) is washed 3 times (each time with 500 ml) with water and the washed organic layer dried over 40 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0141] After filtration, the solution is concentrated on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum to dryness.

[0142] The obtained crude product (11.5 g) is purified by preparative HPLC on a C-18 reversed phase column, using mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water.

[0143] All fractions are checked by HPLC and those which contain only 2′-0-[2-chlorophenoxy(carbonyl]-paclitaxel are combined, concentrated, and sedimented material filtered on a Buchner funnel.

[0144] After drying the solid material is recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane to obtain 4.93 g of white crystals (yield 50%).

EXAMPLE 7

[0145] The reaction scheme of Type IV compounds can further be exemplified by 2′-0-[2,4,6-tribromophenyloxy(carbonyl]-paclitaxel which can be prepared as follows:

[0146] 8.53 g (0.101 M) paclitaxel is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and then cooled to 0° C. The solution is treated with 4.67 g (0.020 M) 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate dissolved in 50 ml of the same solvent.

[0147] The temperature is allowed to equilibriate and stirring of the reaction mixture is continued overnight.

[0148] The next day, the reaction mixture (250 ml) is washed 3 times (each time with 200 ml) with water and the organic solvent layer is dried with 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0149] The dry solution is filtered and concentrated on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum to dryness.

[0150] The dry residue is purified by preparative HPLC using a column with C-18 reversed phase and 45/55 acetonitrile/water as mobile phase.

[0151] All fractions are checked by HPLC and those which contain 2′-0-[2,4,6-tribromophenyloxy(carbonyl]-paclitaxel are combined.

[0152] After concentration and sedimentation, the crude product is filtered, dried and recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane to obtain 6.82 g of white solid material (yield 65%).

Synthesis of the Compounds of Type V

[0153] Halogenated analogues of Paclitaxel of the general structure of Type V of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic routes: 148

[0154] wherein

[0155] R1 is a group selected from Table 1 (40 groups, 1-40);

[0156] R2 is H or Ac;

[0157] R3 is a group selected from Table 2 (55 groups, 41-95);

EXAMPLE 8

[0158] The reaction scheme in the production of Type V compounds is exemplified by N-(2″-bromo-3″-methyl)-butanoyl-2′-(2-bromo-ethoxy-carbonyl) -N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine which can be prepared as follows:

[0159] 8.93 g (0.010 M) N-(2″-bromo-3″-methyl)-butanoyl-N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and to this solution at room temperature is added dropwise 3.05 g TEA (0.030 M). The mixture is stirred and cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath.

[0160] To this cold solution is added dropwise for few minutes 5.63 g (0.030 M) 2-bromoethylchloro-formate and reaction mixture continued to be stirred for 3 hours at 0° C.

[0161] When the reaction is finished, the mixture is washed 3 times (each time with 150 ml) with water and the washed organic solution layer dried with 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight.

[0162] The dry organic solution is filtered from desiccant and the clear solution concentrated to dryness on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. and high vacuum.

[0163] The obtained 10.4-11 dry material (residue) is purified by a preparative HPLC on a C-18 reversed phase column using mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water.

[0164] The combined fractions which contains N-(2″-bromo-3″-methyl)-butanoyl-2′-(2-bromo-ethoxy-carbonyl)-N-debenzoyl-cephalomannine are concentrated and sedimented product is recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane.

[0165] 7.3 g of white crystalline product (yield 65%) are obtained.

Synthesis of the Compounds of Type IX

[0166] Halogenated analogues of the general structure of Type IX of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic routes: 149

[0167] where

[0168] R1 is a halogenated or dihalogenated acyl group (see Table 1, groups 1-40),

[0169] where R2 is Ac or H and where R5 is H or Me or G1 or G2 or G3 or G4 or G5 or G6 or G7 or G8 or G9 or G12 or G13 (see Table 3).

[0170] R6 is H;

[0171] in the case when R5 is G10, the group R6 is H or Me;

Synthesis of Compounds of Type X

[0172] Halogenated analogs of the general structure of TypeX of this invention can be prepared by the following synthetic route: 150

[0173] wherein

[0174] R1 is a halogenated formate (see Table 2, groups 41-95), where R2 is Ac or H, and R5 is H or Me or G1 or G2 or G3 or G4 or G5 or G6 or G7 or G8 or G9 or G10 or G11 or G12 or G13 or G14 (see Table 3.)

[0175] R6 is H;

[0176] in the case when R5 is G10, the group R6 is H or Me;

EXAMPLE 9

[0177] The reaction scheme of Type IX compounds is exemplified by 13-N-[(4-bromo-benzoyl)-alanyl]-Baccatin III which can be prepared as follows:

[0178] 5.87 g (0.010 M) Baccatin III is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and to this solution at room temperature is added 2.05 g (0.030 M) TEA dissolved in 25 ml dry DE.

[0179] The mixture is stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C. for about 1 hour.

[0180] During stirring at 0° C. 5.83 g (0.020 M) N-[(4-bromo-benzoyl)-alanyl chloride dissolved in 50 ml dry DE is added dropwise for about 30 minutes.

[0181] The stirring is continued at 0° C. overnight.

[0182] The next day, the mixture is neutralized and twice washed with 200 ml 0.5% NaHCO3 to pH═6-7 (each time with 200 ml) with water.

[0183] The organic layer is dried over 20 g anhydrous Na2SO4 overnight, filtered and concentrated on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. under high vacuum.

[0184] The dry residue is purified by preparative HPLC using a C-18 reversed phase column and mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water. Combined fractions containing 13-N-[(4-bromo-benzoyl)-alanyl]-Baccatin III are concentrated to remove acetonitrile, sedimented material is filtered, dried and recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane to obtain 5.85 g of white crystals (yield 70-72%).

EXAMPLE 10

[0185] The reaction scheme of Group VIII compounds is further exemplified by 13-N-[(4-chloro-ethoxy)-carbonyl]-alanyl-Baccatin III which can be prepared as follows:

[0186] 5.87 g (0.010 M) Baccatin III is dissolved in 200 ml anhydrous DE and to this solution at room temperature is added 3.05 g TEA (0.030 M) dissolved in 25 ml dry DE.

[0187] The mixture is stirred and cooled in an ice bath to 0° C. (about 1 hour).

[0188] During the stirring at 0° C. for about 30 minutes 2.85 g (0.020 M) N-[(2-chloroethyloxy-carbonyl)-alanyl chloride dissolved in 50 ml dry DE is added dropwise for about 30 minutes.

[0189] The stirring is continued at 0° C. overnight.

[0190] The next day, the mixture is washed with 200 ml 0.5% NaHCO3 to pH═6-6.5, then washed twice again, each time with 200 ml with water.

[0191] The organic layer is dried over 20 g Na2SO4 overnight, filtered and concentrated to dryness on a Buchi Rotovapor at 40° C. under high vacuum.

[0192] The solid residue is purified by preparative HPLC using a C-18 reversed phase column and mobile phase 45/55 acetonitrile/water.

[0193] Combined fractions containing 13-N-[(4-chloro-ethoxy)-carbonyl]-Baccatin III are concentrated to remove acetonitrile, sedimented material is filtered, dried and recrystallized from 50/50 acetone/hexane to obtain 5.5 g of white crystalline powder (yield 68-70%).

Claims

1. Anti-neoplastic and/or anti-leukemic effective compound selected from the formulae A and B:

2. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

3. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

4. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

5. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

6. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

7. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

8. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

9. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

10. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

11. A compound of claim 1 of the formula:

12. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

13. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

14. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

15. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

17. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

18. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprised as an active ingredient a compound of claim 7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

19. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

20. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

21. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

22. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of claim 11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

23. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 1.

24. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 2.

25. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 3.

26. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 4.

27. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 5.

28. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 6.

29. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 7.

30. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 8.

31. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 9.

32. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 10.

33. A method for treating humans in need thereof comprising administering to said humans an anti-cancer or anti-leukemic effective amount of the compound of claim 11.