Patent Grant
10679605
The present invention relates to multimodal user interfaces, and more specifically to user interfaces that include both voice-based and visual modalities.
Many existing operating systems and devices use voice input as a modality by which the user can control operation. One example is voice command systems, which map specific verbal commands to operations, for example to initiate dialing of a telephone number by speaking the person's name. Another example is Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems, which allow people to access static information over the telephone, such as automated telephone service desks.
Many voice command and IVR systems are relatively narrow in scope and can only handle a predefined set of voice commands. In addition, their output is often drawn from a fixed set of responses.
An intelligent automated assistant, also referred to herein as a virtual assistant, is able to provide an improved interface between human and computer, including the processing of natural language input. Such an assistant, which may be implemented as described in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant”, filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, allows users to interact with a device or system using natural language, in spoken and/or text forms. Such an assistant interprets user inputs, operationalizes the user's intent into tasks and parameters to those tasks, executes services to support those tasks, and produces output that is intelligible to the user.
Virtual assistants are capable of using general speech and natural language understanding technology to recognize a greater range of input, enabling generation of a dialog with the user. Some virtual assistants can generate output in a combination of modes, including verbal responses and written text, and can also provide a graphical user interface (GUI) that permits direct manipulation of on-screen elements. However, the user may not always be in a situation where he or she can take advantage of such visual output or direct manipulation interfaces. For example, the user may be driving or operating machinery, or may have a sight disability, or may simply be uncomfortable or unfamiliar with the visual interface.
Any situation in which a user has limited or no ability to read a screen or interact with a device via contact (including using a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, pointing device, and the like) is referred to herein as a “hands-free context”. For example, in situations where the user is attempting to operate a device while driving, as mentioned above, the user can hear audible output and respond using their voice, but for safety reasons should not read fine print, tap on menus, or enter text.
Hands-free contexts present special challenges to the builders of complex systems such as virtual assistants. Users demand full access to features of devices whether or not they are in a hands-free context. However, failure to account for particular limitations inherent in hands-free operation can result in situations that limit both the utility and the usability of a device or system, and can even compromise safety by causing a user to be distracted from a primary task such as operating a vehicle.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, a user interface for a system such as a virtual assistant is automatically adapted for hands-free use. A hands-free context is detected via automatic or manual means, and the system adapts various stages of a complex interactive system to modify the user experience to reflect the particular limitations of such a context. The system of the present invention thus allows for a single implementation of a virtual assistant or other complex system to dynamically offer user interface elements and to alter user interface behavior to allow hands-free use without compromising the user experience of the same system for hands-on use.
For example, in various embodiments, the system of the present invention provides mechanisms for adjusting the operation of a virtual assistant so that it provides output in a manner that allows users to complete their tasks without having to read details on a screen. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the virtual assistant can provide mechanisms for receiving spoken input as an alternative to reading, tapping, clicking, typing, or performing other functions often achieved using a graphical user interface.
In various embodiments, the system of the present invention provides underlying functionality that is identical to (or that approximates) that of a conventional graphical user interface, while allowing for the particular requirements and limitations associated with a hands-free context. More generally, the system of the present invention allows core functionality to remain substantially the same, while facilitating operation in a hands-free context. In some embodiments, systems built according to the techniques of the present invention allow users to freely choose between hands-free mode and conventional (“hands-on”) mode, in some cases within a single session. For example, the same interface can be made adaptable to both an office environment and a moving vehicle, with the system dynamically making the necessary changes to user interface behavior as the environment changes.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, any of a number of mechanisms can be implemented for adapting operation of a virtual assistant to a hands-free context. In various embodiments, the virtual assistant is an intelligent automated assistant as described in U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant”, filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such an assistant engages with the user in an integrated, conversational manner using natural language dialog, and invokes external services when appropriate to obtain information or perform various actions.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, a virtual assistant may be configured, designed, and/or operable to detect a hands-free context and to adjust its operation accordingly in performing various different types of operations, functionalities, and/or features, and/or to combine a plurality of features, operations, and applications of an electronic device on which it is installed. In some embodiments, a virtual assistant of the present invention can detect a hands-free context and adjust its operation accordingly when receiving input, providing output, engaging in dialog with the user, and/or performing (or initiating) actions based on discerned intent.
Actions can be performed, for example, by activating and/or interfacing with any applications or services that may be available on an electronic device, as well as services that are available over an electronic network such as the Internet. In various embodiments, such activation of external services can be performed via application programming interfaces (APIs) or by any other suitable mechanism(s). In this manner, a virtual assistant implemented according to various embodiments of the present invention can provide a hands-free usage environment for many different applications and functions of an electronic device, and with respect to services that may be available over the Internet. As described in the above-referenced related application, the use of such a virtual assistant can relieve the user of the burden of learning what functionality may be available on the device and on web-connected services, how to interface with such services to get what he or she wants, and how to interpret the output received from such services; rather, the assistant of the present invention can act as a go-between between the user and such diverse services.
In addition, in various embodiments, the virtual assistant of the present invention provides a conversational interface that the user may find more intuitive and less burdensome than conventional graphical user interfaces. The user can engage in a form of conversational dialog with the assistant using any of a number of available input and output mechanisms, depending in part on whether a hands-free or hands-on context is active. Examples of such input and output mechanisms include, without limitation, speech, graphical user interfaces (buttons and links), text entry, and the like. The system can be implemented using any of a number of different platforms, such as device APIs, the web, email, and the like, or any combination thereof. Requests for additional input can be presented to the user in the context of a conversation presented in an auditory and/or visual manner. Short and long term memory can be engaged so that user input can be interpreted in proper context given previous events and communications within a given session, as well as historical and profile information about the user.
In various embodiments, the virtual assistant of the present invention can control various features and operations of an electronic device. For example, the virtual assistant can call services that interface with functionality and applications on a device via APIs or by other means, to perform functions and operations that might otherwise be initiated using a conventional user interface on the device. Such functions and operations may include, for example, setting an alarm, making a telephone call, sending a text message or email message, adding a calendar event, and the like. Such functions and operations may be performed as add-on functions in the context of a conversational dialog between a user and the assistant. Such functions and operations can be specified by the user in the context of such a dialog, or they may be automatically performed based on the context of the dialog. One skilled in the art will recognize that the assistant can thereby be used as a mechanism for initiating and controlling various operations on the electronic device. By collecting contextual evidence that contributes to inferences about the user's current situation, and by adjusting operation of the user interface accordingly, the system of the present invention is able to present mechanisms for enabling hands-free operation of a virtual assistant to implement such a mechanism for controlling the device.
The accompanying drawings illustrate several embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention according to the embodiments. One skilled in the art will recognize that the particular embodiments illustrated in the drawings are merely exemplary, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, a hands-free context is detected in connection with operations of a virtual assistant, and the user interface of the virtual assistant is adjusted accordingly, so as to enable the user to interact with the assistant meaningfully in the hands-free context.
For purposes of the description, the term “virtual assistant” is equivalent to the term “intelligent automated assistant”, both referring to any information processing system that performs one or more of the functions of:
An example of such a virtual assistant is described in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant”, filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Various techniques will now be described in detail with reference to example embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects and/or features described or reference herein. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that one or more aspects and/or features described or reference herein may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps and/or structures have not been described in detail in order to not obscure some of the aspects and/or features described or reference herein.
One or more different inventions may be described in the present application. Further, for one or more of the invention(s) described herein, numerous embodiments may be described in this patent application, and are presented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments are not intended to be limiting in any sense. One or more of the invention(s) may be widely applicable to numerous embodiments, as is readily apparent from the disclosure. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice one or more of the invention(s), and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical, software, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the one or more of the invention(s). Accordingly, those skilled in the art will recognize that the one or more of the invention(s) may be practiced with various modifications and alterations. Particular features of one or more of the invention(s) may be described with reference to one or more particular embodiments or figures that form a part of the present disclosure, and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments of one or more of the invention(s). It should be understood, however, that such features are not limited to usage in the one or more particular embodiments or figures with reference to which they are described. The present disclosure is neither a literal description of all embodiments of one or more of the invention(s) nor a listing of features of one or more of the invention(s) that must be present in all embodiments.
Headings of sections provided in this patent application and the title of this patent application are for convenience only, and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure in any way.
Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.
A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. To the contrary, a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of one or more of the invention(s).
Further, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may be configured to work in any suitable order. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described in this patent application does not, in and of itself, indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously despite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover, the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does not imply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations and modifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process or any of its steps are necessary to one or more of the invention(s), and does not imply that the illustrated process is preferred.
When a single device or article is described, it will be readily apparent that more than one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described (whether or not they cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article.
The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices that are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of one or more of the invention(s) need not include the device itself.
Techniques and mechanisms described or reference herein will sometimes be described in singular form for clarity. However, it should be noted that particular embodiments include multiple iterations of a technique or multiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise.
Although described within the context of technology for implementing an intelligent automated assistant, also known as a virtual assistant, it may be understood that the various aspects and techniques described herein may also be deployed and/or applied in other fields of technology involving human and/or computerized interaction with software.
Other aspects relating to virtual assistant technology (e.g., which may be utilized by, provided by, and/or implemented at one or more virtual assistant system embodiments described herein) are disclosed in one or more of the following, the entire disclosures which are incorporated herein by reference:
Generally, the virtual assistant techniques disclosed herein may be implemented on hardware or a combination of software and hardware. For example, they may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, and/or on a network interface card. In a specific embodiment, the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented in software such as an operating system or in an application running on an operating system.
Software/hardware hybrid implementation(s) of at least some of the virtual assistant embodiment(s) disclosed herein may be implemented on a programmable machine selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in memory. Such network devices may have multiple network interfaces which may be configured or designed to utilize different types of network communication protocols. A general architecture for some of these machines may appear from the descriptions disclosed herein. According to specific embodiments, at least some of the features and/or functionalities of the various virtual assistant embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented on one or more general-purpose network host machines such as an end-user computer system, computer, network server or server system, mobile computing device (e.g., personal digital assistant, mobile phone, smartphone, laptop, tablet computer, or the like), consumer electronic device, music player, or any other suitable electronic device, router, switch, or the like, or any combination thereof. In at least some embodiments, at least some of the features and/or functionalities of the various virtual assistant embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in one or more virtualized computing environments (e.g., network computing clouds, or the like).
Referring now to
In one embodiment, computing device 60 includes central processing unit (CPU) 62, interfaces 68, and a bus 67 (such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus). When acting under the control of appropriate software or firmware, CPU 62 may be responsible for implementing specific functions associated with the functions of a specifically configured computing device or machine. For example, in at least one embodiment, a user's personal digital assistant (PDA) or smartphone may be configured or designed to function as a virtual assistant system utilizing CPU 62, memory 61, 65, and interface(s) 68. In at least one embodiment, the CPU 62 may be caused to perform one or more of the different types of virtual assistant functions and/or operations under the control of software modules/components, which for example, may include an operating system and any appropriate applications software, drivers, and the like.
CPU 62 may include one or more processor(s) 63 such as, for example, a processor from the Motorola or Intel family of microprocessors or the MIPS family of microprocessors. In some embodiments, processor(s) 63 may include specially designed hardware (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like) for controlling the operations of computing device 60. In a specific embodiment, a memory 61 (such as non-volatile random access memory (RAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM)) also forms part of CPU 62. However, there are many different ways in which memory may be coupled to the system. Memory block 61 may be used for a variety of purposes such as, for example, caching and/or storing data, programming instructions, and the like.
As used herein, the term “processor” is not limited merely to those integrated circuits referred to in the art as a processor, but broadly refers to a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller, an application-specific integrated circuit, and any other programmable circuit.
In one embodiment, interfaces 68 are provided as interface cards (sometimes referred to as “line cards”). Generally, they control the sending and receiving of data packets over a computing network and sometimes support other peripherals used with computing device 60. Among the interfaces that may be provided are Ethernet interfaces, frame relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, and the like. In addition, various types of interfaces may be provided such as, for example, universal serial bus (USB), Serial, Ethernet, Firewire, PCI, parallel, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth™, near-field communications (e.g., using near-field magnetics), 802.11 (WiFi), frame relay, TCP/IP, ISDN, fast Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) interfaces, high-speed serial interface (HSSI) interfaces, Point of Sale (POS) interfaces, fiber data distributed interfaces (FDDIs), and the like. Generally, such interfaces 68 may include ports appropriate for communication with the appropriate media. In some cases, they may also include an independent processor and, in some instances, volatile and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., RAM).
Although the system shown in
Regardless of network device configuration, the system of the present invention may employ one or more memories or memory modules (such as, for example, memory block 65) configured to store data, program instructions for the general-purpose network operations and/or other information relating to the functionality of the virtual assistant techniques described herein. The program instructions may control the operation of an operating system and/or one or more applications, for example. The memory or memories may also be configured to store data structures, keyword taxonomy information, advertisement information, user click and impression information, and/or other specific non-program information described herein.
Because such information and program instructions may be employed to implement the systems/methods described herein, at least some network device embodiments may include nontransitory machine-readable storage media, which, for example, may be configured or designed to store program instructions, state information, and the like for performing various operations described herein. Examples of such nontransitory machine-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM), flash memory, memristor memory, random access memory (RAM), and the like. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter.
In one embodiment, the system of the present invention is implemented on a standalone computing system. Referring now to
In another embodiment, the system of the present invention is implemented on a distributed computing network, such as one having any number of clients and/or servers. Referring now to
In the arrangement shown in
In addition, in one embodiment, servers 1340 can call external services 1360 when needed to obtain additional information or refer to store data concerning previous interactions with particular users. Communications with external services 1360 can take place, for example, via network 1361. In various embodiments, external services 1360 include web-enabled services and/or functionality related to or installed on the hardware device itself. For example, in an embodiment where assistant 1002 is implemented on a smartphone or other electronic device, assistant 1002 can obtain information stored in a calendar application (“app”), contacts, and/or other sources.
In various embodiments, assistant 1002 can control many features and operations of an electronic device on which it is installed. For example, assistant 1002 can call external services 1360 that interface with functionality and applications on a device via APIs or by other means, to perform functions and operations that might otherwise be initiated using a conventional user interface on the device. Such functions and operations may include, for example, setting an alarm, making a telephone call, sending a text message or email message, adding a calendar event, and the like. Such functions and operations may be performed as add-on functions in the context of a conversational dialog between a user and assistant 1002. Such functions and operations can be specified by the user in the context of such a dialog, or they may be automatically performed based on the context of the dialog. One skilled in the art will recognize that assistant 1002 can thereby be used as a control mechanism for initiating and controlling various operations on the electronic device, which may be used as an alternative to conventional mechanisms such as buttons or graphical user interfaces.
For example, the user may provide input to assistant 1002 such as “I need to wake tomorrow at 8 am”. Once assistant 1002 has determined the user's intent, using the techniques described herein, assistant 1002 can call external services 1340 to interface with an alarm clock function or application on the device. Assistant 1002 sets the alarm on behalf of the user. In this manner, the user can use assistant 1002 as a replacement for conventional mechanisms for setting the alarm or performing other functions on the device. If the user's requests are ambiguous or need further clarification, assistant 1002 can use the various techniques described herein, including active elicitation, paraphrasing, suggestions, and the like, and which may be adapted to a hands-free context, so that the correct services 1340 are called and the intended action taken. In one embodiment, assistant 1002 may prompt the user for confirmation and/or request additional context information from any suitable source before calling a service 1340 to perform a function. In one embodiment, a user can selectively disable assistant's 1002 ability to call particular services 1340, or can disable all such service-calling if desired.
The system of the present invention can be implemented with any of a number of different types of clients 1304 and modes of operation. Referring now to
For messaging platforms including but not limited to email, instant messaging, discussion forums, group chat sessions, live help or customer support sessions and the like, assistant 1002 may act as a participant in the conversations. Assistant 1002 may monitor the conversation and reply to individuals or the group using one or more the techniques and methods described herein for one-to-one interactions.
In various embodiments, functionality for implementing the techniques of the present invention can be distributed among any number of client and/or server components. For example, various software modules can be implemented for performing various functions in connection with the present invention, and such modules can be variously implemented to run on server and/or client components. Further details for such an arrangement are provided in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant”, filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the example of
In one embodiment, client 1304 maintains subsets and/or portions of these components locally, to improve responsiveness and reduce dependence on network communications. Such subsets and/or portions can be maintained and updated according to well known cache management techniques. Such subsets and/or portions include, for example:
Additional components may be implemented as part of server 1340, including for example:
Server 1340 obtains additional information by interfacing with external services 1360 when needed.
Conceptual Architecture
Referring now to
For example, according to different embodiments, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may be configured, designed, and/or operable to provide various different types of operations, functionalities, and/or features, such as, for example, one or more of the following (or combinations thereof):
According to different embodiments, at least a portion of the various types of functions, operations, actions, and/or other features provided by multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may be implemented at one or more client systems(s), at one or more server system(s), and/or combinations thereof.
According to different embodiments, at least a portion of the various types of functions, operations, actions, and/or other features provided by multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may use contextual information in interpreting and operationalizing user input, as described in more detail herein.
For example, in at least one embodiment, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may be operable to utilize and/or generate various different types of data and/or other types of information when performing specific tasks and/or operations. This may include, for example, input data/information and/or output data/information. For example, in at least one embodiment, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may be operable to access, process, and/or otherwise utilize information from one or more different types of sources, such as, for example, one or more local and/or remote memories, devices and/or systems. Additionally, in at least one embodiment, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may be operable to generate one or more different types of output data/information, which, for example, may be stored in memory of one or more local and/or remote devices and/or systems.
Examples of different types of input data/information which may be accessed and/or utilized by multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinations thereof):
The input to the embodiments described herein also includes the context of the user interaction history, including dialog and request history.
As described in the related U.S. utility applications referenced above, many different types of output data/information may be generated by multimodal virtual assistant 1002. These may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinations thereof):
It may be appreciated that the multimodal virtual assistant 1002 of
Multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may include a plurality of different types of components, devices, modules, processes, systems, and the like, which, for example, may be implemented and/or instantiated via the use of hardware and/or combinations of hardware and software. For example, as illustrated in the example embodiment of
In certain client/server-based embodiments, some or all of these components may be distributed between client 1304 and server 1340. Such components are further described in the related U.S. utility applications referenced above.
In one embodiment, virtual assistant 1002 receives user input 2704 via any suitable input modality, including for example touchscreen input, keyboard input, spoken input, and/or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, assistant 1002 also receives context information 1000, which may include event context, application context, personal acoustic context, and/or other forms of context, as described in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 13/250,854, entitled “Using Context Information to Facilitate Processing of Commands in a Virtual Assistant”, filed Sep. 30, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Context information 1000 also includes a hands-free context, if applicable, which can be used to adapt the user interface according to techniques described herein.
Upon processing user input 2704 and context information 1000 according to the techniques described herein, virtual assistant 1002 generates output 2708 for presentation to the user. Output 2708 can be generated according to any suitable output modality, which may be informed by the hands-free context as well as other factors, if appropriate. Examples of output modalities include visual output as presented on a screen, auditory output (which may include spoken output and/or beeps and other sounds), haptic output (such as vibration), and/or any combination thereof.
Additional details concerning the operation of the various components depicted in
Adapting User Interfaces to a Hands-Free Context
For illustrative purposes, the invention is described herein by way of example. However, one skilled in the art will recognize that the particular input and output mechanisms depicted in the examples are merely intended to illustrate one possible interaction between the user and assistant 1002, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. Furthermore, in alternative embodiments, the invention can be implemented in a device without necessarily involving a multimodal virtual assistant 1002; rather, the functionality of the invention can be implemented directly in an operating system or application running on any suitable device, without departing from the essential characteristics of the invention as solely defined in the claims.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The spoken input is converted to text, using any well known speech-to-text algorithm or system. Speech-to-text functionality can reside on device 60 or on a server. In one embodiment, speech-to-text functionality is implemented using, for example, Nuance Recognizer, available from Nuance Communications, Inc. of Burlington, Mass.
As shown in
In the example described in connection with
In one embodiment of the present invention, mechanisms for accepting and processing speech input are integrated into device 60 in a manner that reduces the need for a user to interact with a display screen and/or to use a touch interface when in a hands-free context. Accordingly, the system of the present invention is thus able to provide an improved user interface for interaction in a hands-free context.
Referring now to
In
In one embodiment, virtual assistant 1002 installed on device 60 automatically detects the hands-free context. Such detection may take place by any means of determining a scenario or situation where it may be difficult or impossible for the user to interact with the screen of device 60 or to properly operate the GUI.
For example and without limitation, determination of hands-free context can be made based on any of the following, singly or in any combination:
As noted above, hands-free context can be automatically determined based (at least in part) on determining that the user is in a moving vehicle or driving a car. In some embodiments, such determination is made without user input and without regard to whether a digital assistant has been separately invoked by a user. For example, a device through which a user interacts with assistant 1002 may contain multiple applications that are configured to execute within an operating system on the device. The determination that the device is in a vehicle, therefore, can be made without regard to whether a user has selected or activated a digital assistant application for immediate execution on the device. In some embodiments, the determination is made while a digital assistant application is not being executed in the foreground of an operating system, or is not displaying a graphical user interface on the device. Thus, in some embodiments, it is not necessary for a user to separately invoke a digital assistant application in order for the device to determine that it is in a vehicle. In some embodiments, automatically determining that the electronic device is in the vehicle is performed without regard to whether the digital assistant application was recently invoked by a user.
In some embodiments, automatically determining a hands free context can be based (at least in part) on detecting that the electronic device is moving at or above a first predetermined speed. For example, if the device is moving above about 20 miles per hour, indicating that the user is not merely walking, hands-free context can be invoked, including invoking a listening mode as described below. In some embodiments, automatically determining a hands free context can be further based on detecting that the electronic device is moving at or below a second predetermined speed. This is useful, for example, to prevent the device from mistakenly detecting hands-free context when a user is in a plane. In some embodiments, hands-free context can be detected if the electronic device is moving less than about 150 miles per hour, indicating that the user is likely not flying in an airplane.
In other embodiments, the user can manually indicate that hands-free context is active or inactive, and/or can schedule hands-free context to activate and/or deactivate at certain times of day and/or certain days of the week.
In one embodiment, upon receiving text message 470 while in hands-free context, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 causes device 60 to output an audio indication, such as a beep or tone, indicating receipt of a text message. As described above, the user can activate slider 472 to reply to or otherwise interact with message 471 according to known techniques (for example if hands-free mode was incorrectly detected, or if the user elects to stop driving or otherwise make him or herself available for hands-on interaction with device 60). Alternatively, the user can engage in a spoken dialog with assistant 1002 to enable interaction with assistant 1002 in a hands-free manner.
In one embodiment, the user initiates the spoken dialog by any suitable mechanism appropriate to a hands-free context. For example, in an environment where the user is driving a BlueTooth-equipped vehicle, and device 60 is in communication with the vehicle, an easily-accessed button (for example, one mounted on the steering wheel of a car) may be available. Pressing the button initiates a spoken dialog with assistant 1002, and allows the user to communicate with assistant 1002 via the BlueTooth connection and through a microphone and/or speaker installed in the vehicle. Alternatively, the user can initiate the spoken dialog by pressing a button on device 60 itself, or on a headset, or on any other peripheral device, or by performing some other distinctive action that signals to assistant 1002 that the user wishes to initiate a spoken dialog. As another example, the user can speak a command that is understood by assistant 1002 and that initiates the spoken dialog, as described in greater detail below. One skilled in the art will recognize that many other techniques can be provided for allowing a user to easily initiate a spoken dialog with assistant 1002. Preferably, the mechanism that is used for initiating the spoken dialog does not require hand-eye coordination on the part of the user, thus allowing the user to focus on a primary task, such as driving, and/or can be performed by an individual having a disability that prevents, hinders, restricts, or limits his or her ability to interact with a GUI such as depicted in
Once the spoken dialog has been initiated, assistant 1002 listens for spoken input. In one embodiment, assistant 1002 acknowledges the spoken input by some output mechanism that is easily detected by the user while in the hands-free context. An example is an audio beep or tone, and/or visual output on a vehicle dashboard that is easily seen by the user even while driving, and/or by some other mechanism. Spoken input is processed using known speech recognition techniques. Assistant 1002 then performs action(s) indicated by the spoken input. In one embodiment, assistant 1002 provides spoken output, which may be output via speakers (in device 60 or installed in the vehicle), headphones or the like, so as to continue the audio dialog with the user. For example, assistant 1002 can read content of text messages, email messages, and the like, and can provide options to the user in spoken form.
For example, if the user says “Read my new message”, assistant 1002 may cause device 60 to emit an acknowledgement tone. Assistant may then 1002 emit spoken output such as “You have a new message from Tom Devon. It says: ‘Hey, are you going to the game?’”. Spoken output may be generated by assistant 1002 using any known technique for converting text to speech. In one embodiment, text-to-speech functionality is implemented using, for example, Nuance Vocalizer, available from Nuance Communications, Inc. of Burlington, Mass.
Referring now to
In the example, assistant 1002 displays and speaks a prompt 571. In response to user input, assistant 1002 repeats the user input 572, on the display and/or in spoken form. Assistant then introduces 573 the incoming text message and reads it. In one embodiment, the text message may also be displayed on the screen.
As shown in
In the example, the user says “Reply yes I'll be there at six”. As depicted in
In one embodiment, assistant 1002 provides further verification of the user's composed text message by reading back the message. In this example, assistant 1002 says, verbally, “Here's your reply to Tom Devon: ‘Yes I'll be there at six.’”. In one embodiment, the meaning of the quotation marks is conveyed with changes in voice and/or prosody. For example, the string “Here's your reply to Tom Devon” can be spoken in one voice, such as a male voice, while the string “Yes I'll be there at six” can be spoken in another voice, such as a female voice. Alternatively, the same voice can be used, but with different prosody to convey the quotation marks.
In one embodiment, assistant 1002 provides visual echoing of the spoken interchange, as depicted in
In one embodiment, assistant 1002 can confirm the user's spoken command to send the message, for example by generating spoken output such as “OK, I'll send your message.” As shown in
The spoken exchange described above, combined with optional visual echoing, illustrates an example by which assistant 1002 provides redundant outputs in a multimodal interface. In this manner, assistant 1002 is able to support a range of contexts including eyes-free, hands-free, and fully hands-on.
The example also illustrates mechanisms by which the displayed and spoken output can differ from one another to reflect their different contexts. The example also illustrates ways in which alternative mechanisms for responding are made available. For example, after assistant says “Ready to send it?” and displays screen 570 shown in
Referring now to
In one embodiment, once text message 577 has been composed (based, for example, on the user's spoken input), multimodal virtual assistant 1002 generates verbal output informing the user that the message is ready to be sent, and asking the user whether the message should be sent. If the user indicates, via verbal or direct manipulation input, that he or she is not ready to send the message, then multimodal virtual assistant 1002 generates spoken output to inform the user of available options, such as sending, canceling, reviewing, or changing the message. For example, assistant 1002 may say with “OK, I won't send it yet. To continue, you can Send, Cancel, Review, or Change it.”
As shown in
The user can also interact with assistant 1002 by providing spoken input. Thus, in response to assistant's 1002 spoken message providing options for interacting with text message 577, the user may say “Change it”. Assistant 1002 recognizes the spoken text and responds with a verbal message prompting the user to speak the revised message. For example, assistant 1002 may say, “OK . . . What would you like the message to say?” and then starts listening for the user's response.
In one embodiment, once the user has been prompted in this manner, the exact contents of the user's subsequent spoken input is interpreted as content for the text message, bypassing the normal natural language interpretation of user commands. User's spoken input is assumed to be complete either when a pause of sufficient length in the input is detected, or upon detection of a specific word indicating the input is complete, or upon detection that the user has pressed a button or activated some other command to indicate that he or she has finished speaking the text message. In one embodiment, assistant 1002 then repeats back the input text message in spoken form, and may optionally echo it as shown in
By providing a mechanism for modifying text message 577 in this manner, the system of the present invention, in one embodiment, provides a flow path appropriate to a hands-free context, which is integrated with a hands-on approach so that the user can freely choose the mode of interaction at each stage. Furthermore, in one embodiment assistant 1002 adapts its natural language processing mechanism to particular steps in the overall flow; for example, as described above, in some situations assistant 1002 may enter a mode where it bypasses normal natural language interpretation of user commands when the user has been prompted to speak a text message.
Method
In one embodiment, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 detects a hands-free context and adapts one or more stages of its operation to modify the user experience for hands-free operation. As described above, detection of the hands-free context can be applied in a variety of ways to affect the operation of multimodal virtual assistant 1002.
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle comprises detecting (806) that the electronic device is in communication with the vehicle. In some embodiments, the communication is wireless communication. In some embodiments, the communication is BLUETOOTH communication. In some embodiments, the communication is wired communication. In some embodiments, detecting that the electronic device is in communication with the vehicle comprises detecting that the electronic device is in communication with a voice control system of the vehicle (e.g., via wireless communication, BLUETOOTH, wired communication, etc.).
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle comprises detecting (808) that the electronic device is moving at or above a first predetermined speed. In some embodiments, the first predetermined speed is about 20 miles per hour. In some embodiments, the first predetermined speed is about 10 miles per hour. In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle further comprises detecting (810) that the electronic device is moving at or below a second predetermined speed. In some embodiments, the second predetermined speed is about 150 miles per hour. In some embodiments, the speed of the electronic device is determined using one or more of the group consisting of: GPS location information; accelerometer data; wireless data signal information; and speedometer information.
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle further comprises detecting (812) that the electronic device is travelling on or near a road. The location of the vehicle may be determined by GPS location information, cellular tower triangulation, and/or other location detecting techniques and technologies.
Returning to
In some embodiments, the method 800 also comprises limiting functionality of the device (e.g., device 60) and/or the digital assistant (e.g., assistant 1002) when it is determined that the electronic device is in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the method includes, responsive to determining that the electronic device is in the vehicle, taking any of the following actions (alone or in combination): limiting the ability to view visual output presented by the electronic device; limiting the ability to interact with a graphical user interface presented by the electronic device; limiting the ability to use a physical component of the electronic device; limiting the ability to perform touch input on the electronic device; limiting the ability to use a keyboard on the electronic device; limiting the ability to execute one or more applications on the electronic device; limiting the ability to perform one or more functions enabled by the electronic device; limiting the device so as to not request touch input from the user; limiting the device so as to not respond to touch input from the user; and limiting the amount of items in the list to a predetermined amount.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the method 800 further comprises, receiving (830) a voice input from the user; generating (832) a response to the voice input, the response including a list of information items to be presented to the user; and outputting (834) the information items via an auditory output mode, wherein if the electronic device were not in a vehicle, the information items would only be presented on a display screen of the electronic device. For example, in some cases, information items that are returned in response to a web search are displayed visually on a device. In some cases, they are only displayed visually (e.g., without any audio). In contrast, this aspect of method 800 instead provides only auditory output for the information items, without any visual output.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the method further comprises requesting (842) confirmation prior to sending the text to the recipient. In some embodiments, requesting confirmation comprises asking the user, via the auditory output mode, whether the text should be sent to the recipient.
The method 850 comprises automatically, without user input, determining (852) that the electronic device is in a vehicle.
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle comprises detecting (854) that the electronic device is in communication with the vehicle. In some embodiments, the communication is wireless communication. In some embodiments, the communication is BLUETOOTH communication. In some embodiments, the communication is wired communication. In some embodiments, detecting that the electronic device is in communication with the vehicle comprises detecting that the electronic device is in communication with a voice control system of the vehicle (e.g., via wireless communication, BLUETOOTH, wired communication, etc.).
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle comprises detecting (856) that the electronic device is moving at or above a first predetermined speed. In some embodiments, the first predetermined speed is about 20 miles per hour. In some embodiments, the first predetermined speed is about 10 miles per hour. In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle further comprises detecting (858) that the electronic device is moving at or below a second predetermined speed. In some embodiments, the second predetermined speed is about 150 miles per hour. In some embodiments, the speed of the electronic device is determined using one or more of the group consisting of: GPS location information; accelerometer data; wireless data signal information; and speedometer information.
In some embodiments, determining that the electronic device is in a vehicle further comprises detecting (860) that the electronic device is travelling on or near a road. The location of the vehicle may be determined by GPS location information, cellular tower triangulation, and/or other location detecting techniques and technologies.
The method 850 further comprises, responsive to the determining, limiting certain functions of the electronic device, as described above. For example, in some embodiments, limiting certain functions of the device comprises deactivating (864) a visual output mode in favor of an auditory output mode. In some embodiments, deactivating the visual output mode includes preventing (866) the display of a subset of visual outputs that the electronic device is capable of displaying.
Referring now to
In at least one embodiment, method 10 may be operable to perform and/or implement various types of functions, operations, actions, and/or other features such as, for example, one or more of the following (or combinations thereof):
In at least some embodiments, portions of method 10 may also be implemented at other devices and/or systems of a computer network.
According to specific embodiments, multiple instances or threads of method 10 may be concurrently implemented and/or initiated via the use of one or more processors 63 and/or other combinations of hardware and/or hardware and software. In at least one embodiment, one or more or selected portions of method 10 may be implemented at one or more client(s) 1304, at one or more server(s) 1340, and/or combinations thereof.
For example, in at least some embodiments, various aspects, features, and/or functionalities of method 10 may be performed, implemented and/or initiated by software components, network services, databases, and/or the like, or any combination thereof.
According to different embodiments, one or more different threads or instances of method 10 may be initiated in response to detection of one or more conditions or events satisfying one or more different types of criteria (such as, for example, minimum threshold criteria) for triggering initiation of at least one instance of method 10. Examples of various types of conditions or events which may trigger initiation and/or implementation of one or more different threads or instances of the method may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following (or combinations thereof):
According to different embodiments, one or more different threads or instances of method 10 may be initiated and/or implemented manually, automatically, statically, dynamically, concurrently, and/or combinations thereof. Additionally, different instances and/or embodiments of method 10 may be initiated at one or more different time intervals (e.g., during a specific time interval, at regular periodic intervals, at irregular periodic intervals, upon demand, and the like).
In at least one embodiment, a given instance of method 10 may utilize and/or generate various different types of data and/or other types of information when performing specific tasks and/or operations, including detection of a hands-free context as described herein. Data may also include any other type of input data/information and/or output data/information. For example, in at least one embodiment, at least one instance of method 10 may access, process, and/or otherwise utilize information from one or more different types of sources, such as, for example, one or more databases. In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the database information may be accessed via communication with one or more local and/or remote memory devices. Additionally, at least one instance of method 10 may generate one or more different types of output data/information, which, for example, may be stored in local memory and/or remote memory devices.
In at least one embodiment, initial configuration of a given instance of method 10 may be performed using one or more different types of initialization parameters. In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the initialization parameters may be accessed via communication with one or more local and/or remote memory devices. In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the initialization parameters provided to an instance of method 10 may correspond to and/or may be derived from the input data/information.
In the particular example of
Device 60 has a current state 11 that can be analyzed to detect 20 whether it is in a hands-free context. A hands-free context can be detected 20, based on state 11, using any applicable detection mechanism or combination of mechanisms, whether automatic or manual. Examples are set forth above.
When hands-free context is detected 20, that information is added to other contextual information 1000 that may be used for informing various processes of the assistant, as described in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 13/250,854, entitled “Using Context Information to Facilitate Processing of Commands in a Virtual Assistant”, filed Sep. 30, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Speech input is elicited and interpreted 100. Elicitation may include presenting prompts in any suitable mode. Thus, depending on whether or not hands-free context is detected, in various embodiments, assistant 1002 may offer one or more of several modes of input. These may include, for example:
For example, if a hands-free context is detected, speech input may be elicited by a tone or other audible prompt, and the user's speech may be interpreted as text. One skilled in the art will recognize, however, that other input modes may be provided.
The output of step 100 may be a set of candidate interpretations of the text of the input speech. This set of candidate interpretations is processed 200 by language interpreter 2770 (also referred to as a natural language processor, or NLP), which parses the text input and generates a set of possible semantic interpretations of the user's intent.
In step 300, these representation(s) of the user's intent is/are passed to dialog flow processor 2780, which implements an embodiment of a dialog and flow analysis procedure to operationalize the user's intent as task steps. Dialog flow processor 2780 determines which interpretation of intent is most likely, maps this interpretation to instances of domain models and parameters of a task model, and determines the next flow step in a task flow. If appropriate, one or more task flow step(s) adapted to hands-free operation is/are selected 310. For example, as described above, the task flow step(s) for modifying a text message may be different when hands-free context is detected.
In step 400, the identified flow step(s) is/are executed. In one embodiment, invocation of the flow step(s) is performed by services orchestration component 2782, which invokes a set of services on behalf of the user's request. In one embodiment, these services contribute some data to a common result.
In step 500, a dialog response is generated. In one embodiment, dialog response generation 500 is influenced by the state of hands-free context. Thus, when hands-free context is detected, different and/or additional dialog units may be selected 510 for presentation using the audio channel. For example, additional prompts such as “Ready to send it?” may be spoken verbally and not necessarily displayed on the screen. In one embodiment, the detection of hands-free context can influence the prompting for additional input 520, for example to verify input.
In step 700, multimodal output (which, in one embodiment includes verbal and visual content) is presented to the user, who then can optionally respond again using speech input.
If, after viewing and/or hearing the response, the user is done 790, the method ends. If the user is not done, another iteration of the loop is initiated by returning to step 100.
As described herein, context information 1000, including a detected hands-free context, can be used by various components of the system to influence various steps of method 10. For example, as depicted in
In addition, one skilled in the art will recognize that different embodiments of method 10 may include additional features and/or operations than those illustrated in the specific embodiment depicted in
Adaptation of steps 100, 200, 300, 310, 500, 510, and/or 520 to a hands-free context is described in more detail below.
Adapting Input Elicitation and Interpretation 100 to Hands-Free Context
Elicitation and interpretation of speech input 100 can be adapted to a hands-free context in any of several ways, either singly or in any combination. As described above, in one embodiment, if a hands-free context is detected, speech input may be elicited by a tone and/or other audible prompt, and the user's speech is interpreted as text. In general, multimodal virtual assistant 1002 may provide multiple possible mechanisms for audio input (such as, for example, Bluetooth-connected microphones or other attached peripherals), and multiple possible mechanisms for invoking assistant 1002 (such as, for example, pressing a button on a peripheral or using a motion gesture in proximity to device 60). The information about how assistant 1002 was invoked and/or which mechanism is being used for audio input can be used to indicate whether or not hands-free context is active and can be used to alter the hands-free experience. More particularly, such information can be used to direct step 100 to use a particular audio path for input and output.
In addition, when hands-free context is detected, the manner in which audio input devices are used can be changed. For example, in a hands-on mode, the interface can require that the user press a button or make a physical gesture to cause assistant 1002 to start listening for speech input. In hands-free mode, by contrast, the interface can continuously prompt for input after every instance of output by assistant 1002, or can allow continuous speech in both directions (allowing the user to interrupt assistant 1002 while assistant 1002 is still speaking).
Adapting Natural Language Processing 200 to Hands-Free Context
Natural Language Processing (NLP) 200 can be adapted to a hands-free context, for example, by adding support for certain spoken responses that are particularly well-suited to hands-free operation. Such responses can include, for example, “yes”, “read the message” and “change it”. In one embodiment, support for such responses can be provided in addition to support for spoken commands that are usable in a hands-on situation. Thus, for example, in one embodiment, a user may be able to operate a graphical user interface by speaking a command that appears on a screen (for example, when a button labeled “Send” appears on the screen, support may be provided for understanding the spoken word “send” and its semantic equivalents). In a hands-free context, additional commands can be recognized to account for the fact that the user may not be able to view the screen.
Detection of a hands-free context can also alter the interpretation of words by assistant 1002. For example, in a hands-free context, assistant 1002 can be tuned to recognize the command “quiet!” and its semantic variants, and to turn off all audio output in response to such a comment. In a non-hands-free context, such a command might be ignored as not relevant.
Adapting Task Flow 300 to Hands-Free Context
Step 300, which includes identifying task(s) associated with the user's intent, parameter(s) for the task(s) and/or task flow steps 300 to execute, can be adapted for hands-free context in any of several ways, singly or in combination.
In one embodiment, one or more additional task flow step(s) adapted to hands-free operation is/are selected 310 for operation. Examples include steps to review and confirm content verbally. In addition, in a hands-free context, assistant 1002 can read lists of results that would otherwise be presented on a display screen.
In some embodiments, when a hands-free context is detected, items that would normally be displayed only via visual interface (e.g., in a hands-on mode) are instead output to a user only via an auditory output mode. For example, a user may provide a voice input requesting a web search, thus causing the assistant 1002 to generate a response including a list of information items to be presented to the user. In a non-hands-free context, such a list may be presented to the user via visual output only, without any auditory output. However, in a hands-free context, it may be difficult or unsafe for a user to read such lists. Accordingly, the assistant 1002 can speak the list aloud, either in its entirety or in a truncated or summarized version, instead of displaying it on a visual interface.
In some cases, information that is typically displayed only via a visual interface is not adapted to auditory output modes. For example, a typical web search for restaurants will return results that include multiple pieces of information, such as a name, address, hours, phone number, user ratings, and the like. These items are well suited to being displayed in a list on a screen (such as a touchscreen on a mobile device). But this information may not all be necessary in a hands-free context, and it may be confusing or difficult to follow if it were to be converted directly to a spoken output. For example, speaking all of the displayed components of a list of restaurant results may be very confusing, especially for longer lists. Moreover, in a hands-free context, such as while driving, the user may only need the top-level information (e.g., the names and addresses of restaurants). Thus, in some embodiments, the assistant 1002 summarizes or truncates information items (such as items in a list) so that they can be more easily understood by a user. Continuing the above example, the assistant 1002 may receive a list of restaurant results and read aloud only a subset of the information in each result, such as the restaurant name and street name, or restaurant name and rating information (e.g., 4 stars), etc., for each result. Other ways of summarizing or truncating lists and/or information items within lists are also contemplated by the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, verbal commands can be provided for interacting with individual items in the list. For example, if several incoming text messages are to be presented to the user, and a hands-free context is detected, then identified task flow steps can include reading aloud each text message individually, and pausing after each message to allow the user to provide a spoken command. In some embodiments, if a list of search results (e.g., from a web search) is to be presented to a user, and a hands-free context is detected, then identified task flow steps can include reading aloud each search result individually (either the entire result or a truncated or summarized version), and pausing after each result to allow the user to provide a spoken command.
In one embodiment, task flows can be modified for hands-free context. For example, the task flow for taking notes in a notes application might normally involve prompting for content and immediately adding it to a note. Such an operation might be appropriate in a hands-on environment in which content is immediately shown in the visual interface and immediately available for modification by direct manipulation. However, when a hands-free context is detected, the task flow can be modified, for example to verbally review the content and allow for modification of content before it is added to the note. This allows the user to catch speech dictation errors before they are stored in the permanent document.
In one embodiment, hands-free context can also be used to limit the tasks or functionalities that are allowed at a given time. For example, a policy can be implemented to disallow the playing videos when the user's device is in hands-free context, or a specific hands-free context such as driving a vehicle. In some embodiments, when a hands-free context is determined (e.g. driving a vehicle), device 60 limits the ability to view visual output presented by the electronic device. This may include limiting the device in any of the following ways (individually or in any combination):
In one embodiment, assistant 1002 can make available entire domains of discourse and/or tasks that are only applicable in a hands-free context. Examples include accessibility modes such as those designed for people with limited eyesight or limited use of their hands. These accessibility modes include commands that are implemented as hands-free alternatives for operating an arbitrary GUI on a given application platform, for example to recognize commands such as “press the button” or “scroll up” are. Other tasks that are may be applicable only in hands-free modes include tasks related to the hands-free experience itself, such as “use my car's Bluetooth kit” or “slow down [the Text to Speech Output]”.
Adapting Dialog Generation 500 to Hands-Free Context
In various embodiments, any of a number of techniques can be used for modifying dialog generation 500 to adapt to a hands-free context.
In a hands-on interface, assistant's 1002 interpretation of the user's input can be echoed in writing; however such feedback may not be visible to the user when in a hands-free context. Thus, in one embodiment, when a hands-free context is detected, assistant 1002 uses Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology to paraphrase the user's input. Such paraphrasing can be selective; for example, prior to sending a text message, assistant 1002 can speak the text message so that a user can verify its contents even if he or she cannot see the display screen. In some cases, the assistant 1002 does not visually display transcribed text at all, but rather speaks the text back to the user. This may be beneficial where it may be unsafe for a user to read text from a screen, such as when the user is driving, and/or when a screen or visual output mode has been deactivated.
The determination as to when to paraphrase the user's speech, and which parts of the speech to paraphrase, can be driven by task- and/or flow-specific dialogs. For example, in response to a user's spoken command such as “read my new message”, in one embodiment assistant 1002 does not paraphrase the command, since it is evident from assistant's 1002 response (reading the message) that the command was understood. However, in other situations, such as when the user's input is not recognized in step 100 or understood in step 200, assistant 1002 can attempt to paraphrase the user's spoken input so as to inform the user why the input was not understood. For example, assistant 1002 might say “I didn't understand ‘reel my newt massage’. Please try again.”
In one embodiment, the verbal paraphrase of information can combine dialog templates with personal data on a device. For example, when reading a text message, in one embodiment assistant 1002 uses a spoken output template with variables of the form, “You have a new message from $person. It says $message.” The variables in the template can be substituted with user data and then turned into speech by a process running on device 60. In one embodiment wherein the invention is implemented in a client/server environment, such a technique can help protect the privacy of users while still allowing personalization of output, since the personal data can remain on device 60 and can be filled in upon receipt of an output template from the server.
In one embodiment, when hands-free context is detected, different and/or additional dialog units specifically tailored to hands-free contexts may be selected 510 for presentation using the audio channel. The code or rules for determining which dialog units to select can be sensitive to the particulars of the hands-free context. In this manner, a general dialog generation component can be adapted and extended to support various hands-free variations without necessarily building a separate user experience for different hands-free situations.
In one embodiment, the same mechanism that generates text and GUI output units can be annotated with texts that are tailored for an audio (spoken word) output modality. For example:
In one embodiment, non-hands free contexts can be enhanced using similar mechanisms of using TTS as described above for hands-free contexts. For example, a dialog can generate verbal-only prompts in addition to written text and GUI elements. For example, in some situations, assistant 1002 can say, verbally, “Shall I send it?” to augment the on-screen display of a Send button. In one embodiment, the TTS output used for both hands-free and non-hands-free contexts can be tailored for each case. For example, assistant 1002 may use longer pauses when in the hands-free context.
In one embodiment, the detection of hands-free context can also be used to determine whether and when to automatically prompt the user for a response. For example, when interaction between assistant 1002 and user is synchronous in nature, so that one party speaks while the other listens, a design choice can be made as to whether and when assistant 1002 should automatically start listening for a speech input from the user after assistant 1002 has spoken. The specifics of the hands-free context can be used to implement various policies for this auto-start-listening property of a dialog. Examples include, without limitation:
In some embodiments, a listening mode is initiated in response to detecting a hands-free context. In the listening mode, the assistant 1002 may continuously analyze ambient audio in order to identify voice input, such as a voice command, from a user. The listening mode may be used in hands-free contexts, such as when a user is driving in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the listening mode is activated whenever a hands-free context is detected. In some embodiments, it is activated in response to detecting that the assistant 1002 is being used in a vehicle.
In some embodiments, the listening mode is active as long as the assistant 1002 detects that it is in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the listening mode is active for a predetermined time after initiation of the listening mode. For example, if a user pairs the assistant 1002 to a vehicle, the listening mode may be active for a predetermined time after the pairing event. In some embodiments, the predetermined time is 1 minute. In some embodiments, the predetermined time is 2 minutes. In some embodiments, the predetermined time is 10 or more minutes.
In some embodiments, when in the listening mode, the assistant 1002 analyzes received audio inputs (e.g., using speech-to-text processing) to determine whether the audio input includes a speech input intended for the assistant 1002. In some embodiments, to ensure user the privacy of nearby users, received speech is converted to text locally (i.e., on the device) without sending the audio input to a remote computer. In some embodiments, the received speech is first analyzed (e.g., converted to text) locally in order to identify words that are intended for the assistant 1002. Once it is determined that one or more words are intended for the assistant, a portion of the received speech is sent to a remote server (e.g., servers 1340) for further processing, such as speech-to-text processing, natural language processing, intent deduction, and the like.
In some embodiments, the portion sent to the remote service is a group of words following a predefined wake-up word. In some embodiments, the assistant 1002 continuously analyzes received ambient audio (converting the audio to text locally), and when a predefined wake-up word is detected, the assistant 1002 will recognize that one or more of the following words are directed to the assistant 1002. The assistant 1002 will then send recorded audio of the one or more words following the keyword to a remote computer for further analysis (e.g., speech-to-text processing). In some embodiments, the assistant 1002 detects a pause (i.e., a silent period) of a predefined length following the one or more words, and sends only those words that are between the keyword and the pause to the remote service. The assistant 1002 then proceeds to fulfill the user's intent, including executing appropriate task flows and/or dialog flows.
For example, in a listening mode, a user may say “Hey Assistant—find me a nearby gas station . . . .” In this case, the assistant 1002 is configured to detect the phrase “hey assistant” as a wake-up to signal the beginning of an utterance that is directed to the assistant 1002. The assistant 1002 then processes the received audio to determine what should be sent to a remote service for further processing. In this case, the pause following the word “station” is detected by the assistant 1002 as an end of the utterance. The phrase “find me a nearby gas station” is thus sent to the remote service for further analysis (e.g., intent deduction, natural language processing, etc.). The assistant then proceeds to execute one or more steps, such as those described with reference to
In other embodiments, detection of a hands-free context can also affect choices with regard to other parameters of a dialog, such as, for example:
Thus, in various embodiments, a hands-free context, once detected, is a system-side parameter that can be used to adapt various processing steps of a complex system such as multimodal virtual assistant 1002. The various methods described herein provide ways to adapt general procedures of assistant 1002 for hands-free contexts to support a range of user experiences from the same underlying system.
Various mechanisms for gathering, communicating, representing, and accessing context are described in related U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 13/250,854, entitled “Using Context Information to Facilitate Processing of Commands in a Virtual Assistant”, filed Sep. 30, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. One skilled in the art will recognize that such techniques are applicable to hands-free context as well.
Use Cases
The following use cases are presented as examples of operation of assistant 1002 in a hands-free context. One skilled in the art will recognize that the use cases are exemplary, and are presented for illustrative purposes only.
Phone Use Cases
In one embodiment, when in a hands-free context, assistant 1002 allows the user to can call anyone if the user can specify the person to be called without tapping or otherwise touching the device. Examples include calling by contact name, calling by phone number (digits recited by user), and the like. Ambiguity can be resolved by additional spoken prompts. Examples are shown below.
Similar interaction would take place for any of the following use cases:
In one embodiment, this task is determined to be out of scope for hands-free context. Accordingly, assistant 1002 reverts to tapping for disambiguation.
One skilled in the art will recognize that the above examples are merely illustrative of the use of hands-free context in particular situations. Additional uses include, for example, maps, playing media such as music, and the like.
The following use cases are more specifically directed to how a list of items is presented to the user in a hands-free context, in general and in specific domains (e.g., in the local search domain, calendar domain, reminder domain, text messaging domain, and e-mail domain, etc.). The specific algorithms for presenting a list of items in the hands-free and/or eyes-free context(s) are designed to provide information about the items to the user in an intuitive and personal way, and at the same time, to avoid overburdening the user with unnecessary details. Each piece of information to be presented to the user through a speech-based output and/or the accompanying textual interface is carefully selected out of many pieces of potentially relevant information, and optionally paraphrased to provide a smooth and personable dialogue flow. In addition, when providing information to the user in the hands-free and/or eyes-free context(s), the information (particularly unbounded) is divided into suitable-sized chucks (e.g., pages, sub-lists, categories, etc.), such that user is not bombarded with too many pieces of information concurrently or within a short time. Known cognitive limitations (e.g., adults are typically only capable of handling 3-7 pieces of information at a time, and children or people with disabilities are capable of handling even fewer pieces of information concurrently) are used to guide the selection of a suitable size for the chunking and categorization of information for presentation.
General Hands-Free List-Reading
Hands-free list reading is a core, cross-domain ability for users to be able to navigate results involving more than one item. The item can be of a common data item type associated with a particular domain, such as results of a local search, a group of e-mails, a group of calendar entries, a group of reminders, a group of messages, a group of voice mail messages, a group of text messages, etc. Typically, the group of data items can be sorted in a particular order (e.g., by time, location, sender, and other criteria), and hence result in a list.
The general functional requirements for hands-free list reading include one or more of: (1) Providing a verbal overview of a list of items (e.g., “There are 6 items.”) through a speech-based output; (2) Optionally, providing a list of visual snippets representing the list of items on a screen (e.g., within a single dialogue window); (3) Iterating through the items and have each one read aloud; (4) Reading a domain-specific paraphrase of an item (e.g., “message from X on date Y about Z”); (4) Reading the unbounded content of an item (e.g., content body of an email); (5) Verbally “paginating” the unbounded content of an individual item (e.g., sections of the content body of an email); (6) Allowing the user to act on the current item by starting a speech request (e.g., for an e-mail item, the user can say “reply” to start a reply action); (7) Allowing the user to interrupt reading of the items and/or paraphrases to enter another request; (8) Allowing the user to pause and resume the content/list reading, and/or to skip to another item in the list (e.g., the next or previous item, the third item, the last item, the item with certain properties, etc.); (9) Allowing the user to refer to the Nth item in the list in natural language (e.g., “reply to the first one”); and (10) Using the list as a context for natural language disambiguation (e.g., during reading of a list of messages, the user input “reply to the one from Mark” in light of the respective senders of the messages in the list).
There are several basic interaction patterns for presenting information about the list of items to the user, and for eliciting user input and responding to user commands during presentation of the information. In some embodiments, when presenting information about a list of data items, a speech-based overview is first provided. If the list of data items has been identified based on a particular set of selection criteria (e.g., new, unread, from Mark, for today, nearby, in Palo Alto, restaurants, etc.) and/or belong to a particular domain-specific data type (e.g., local search results, calendar entries, reminders, e-mails, etc.), the overview paraphrases the list of items. The particular paraphrasing used is domain-specific, and typically specifies one or more of the criteria used to select the list of data items. In addition, for presenting a list of data items, the overview also specifies the length of the list, to provide the user with some idea of how long and involved the reading is going to be. For example, the overview can be “You have 3 new messages from Anna Karenina and Alexei Vronsky.” In this overview, the list length (e.g., 3), the criteria for selecting the items for the list (e.g., unread/new, and sender=“Anna Karenina” and “Alexei Vronsky”) are also provided. Presumably, the criteria used to select the items were specified by the user, and by including the criteria in the overview, the presentation of information would appear more responsive to the user's request.
In some embodiments, the interaction also includes providing a speech-based prompt with an offer to read the list and/or the unbounded content of each item to the user. For example, a digital assistant can provide a speech-based prompt such as “Shall I read them to you?” after providing the overview. In some embodiments, the prompt is only provided in the hands-free mode, because in a hands-on mode, the user can probably easily read and scroll through the list on a screen rather than hearing the content read out loud. In some embodiments, if the original command was to read the list of items, then the digital assistant will proceed to read the data items out loud without providing the prompt first. For example, if the user input was “Read my new messages.” Then, the digital assistant proceeds to read the messages without asking the user whether he or she wants the messages read out loud. Alternatively, if the user input was “Do I have any email from Henri?” Since the original user input does not explicitly request the digital assistant to “read” the messages, the digital assistant will first provide an overview of the list of messages, and will provide a prompt with an offer to read the messages. The messages will not be read out loud unless the user provides a confirmation for doing so.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant identifies fields of text data from each data item in the list, and generates a domain-specific and item-specific paraphrase of the item's content based on a domain-specific template and the actual text identified from the data item. Once the respective paraphrases for the data items are generated, the digital assistant iterates through each item in the list one by one and reads its respective paraphrase out loud. Examples of text data fields in a data item include dates, times, person names, location names, business names, and other domain-specific data fields. The domain-specific speakable text templates arrange the different data fields of a domain-specific item type in a suitable order, and connecting the data fields with suitable connection words, and apply suitable variations (e.g., variations based on grammatical, cognitive, and other requirements) to the text of different text fields, to generate a succinct, and natural, and easy-to-understand paraphrase of the data item.
In some embodiments, when iterating through the list of items and providing information (e.g., the domain-specific, item-specific paraphrase of the items), the digital assistant sets a context marker to the current item. The context marker advances from item to item as the reading proceeds through the list. The context marker can also hop from one item to another item, if the user issues commands to jump from one item to another item. The digital assistant uses the context marker to identify the current context of the interaction between the digital assistant and the user, so that the user's input can be interpreted correctly in context. For example, the user can interrupt the list reading at any time and issue a command applicable to all or multiple of the list items (e.g., “reply”), and the context marker is used to identify a target data item (e.g., the current item) for which the command should be applied. In some embodiments, the domain-specific, item-specific paraphrases are provided to the user through text-to-speech processing. In some embodiments, a textual version of the paraphrase is also provided on a screen. In some embodiments, the textual version of the paraphrase is not provided on the screen, instead, full-versions of or detailed versions the data items are presented on the screen.
In some embodiments, when reading the unbounded content of a data item, the unbounded content is first divided into sections. The division can be based on paragraphs, lines, number of words, and/or other logical divisions of the unbounded content. The goal is to reduce the cognitive burden on the user, and not overloading the user with too much information or taking up too much time. When reading the unbounded content, a speech output is generated for each section, provided to the user one section at a time. Once the speech output for one section is provided, a verbal prompt is provided asking whether the user wishes to proceed with the speech output for the next section. This process repeats until all sections of unbounded content have been read, or until the user asks the reading of the unbounded content to be stopped. When the reading of the unbounded content for one item is stopped (e.g., either when all sections have been read or when the reading was stopped by the user), the reading of the item-specific paraphrase of the next item in the list can begin. In some embodiments, the digital assistant automatically resumes reading of the item-specific paraphrase of the next item in the list. In some embodiments, the digital assistant asks the user for a confirmation before resuming the reading.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant is fully responsive to user input from multiple input channels. For example, while the digital assistant is reading through the list of items or in the middle of reading information on one item, the digital assistant allows the user to navigate to other items via natural language commands, gestures on a touch-sensitive surface or display, and other input interfaces (e.g., mouse, keyboard, cursor, etc.). Example navigation commands include: (1) Next: stop reading the current item and start reading the next. (2) More: read more of the current item (if it was truncated or segmented), (3) Repeat: read the last speech output again (e.g., repeat the paraphrase of an item or section of unbounded content that was just read), (4) Previous: stop reading the current item and start reading the one before the current one, (5) Pause: stop reading the current item and wait for a command, (6) Resume: continue reading if paused.
In some embodiments, the interaction pattern also includes a wrap-up output. For example, when the last item has been read, read an optional, domain-specific text pattern for ending a list. For example, a suitable wrap-up output for reading a list of e-mails can be “That was all 5 e-mails”, “That was all of the messages”, “That was the end of the last message”, etc.
The above generic listing reading examples are applicable to multiple domains, and domain-specific item types. The following use cases provide more detailed examples of hands-free list reading in different domains and for different domain-specific item types. Each domain-specific item types also have customizations specifically applicable to items of that item type and/or domain.
Hands-Free List Reading of Local Search Results
Local search results are search results obtained through a local search, e.g., search for businesses, landmarks, and/or addresses. Examples of local search include a search for restaurants near a geographic location or within a geographic area, a search for gas stations along a route, a search for locations of a particular chain-store, and the like. Local search is an example of a domain, and local search result is an example of a domain-specific item type. The following provides an algorithm for presenting a list of local search results to a user in a hand-free context.
In the algorithm, some key parameters include N: the number of results returned by a search engine for a local search request, M: the maximum number of search results to show to the user, and P: the number of items per “page” (i.e., concurrently presented to the user on the screen and/or provided under the same sub-section overview).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant detects a hands-free context, and trims the list of results for hands-free context. In other words, the digital assistant trims the list of all relevant results to no more than M: the maximum number of search results to show to the user. A suitable number for M is about 3-7. The rationale behind this maximum number is: first, a user is unlikely to perform in depth research in a hands-free mode, and therefore, a small number of most pertinent items would typically satisfy the user's information needs; and second, a user is unlikely to be able to keep track of too much information simultaneously in his mind while in a hands-free mode, because the user is probably distracted by other tasks (e.g., driving or engaged in other hands-on work).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant summarizes the list of results in text, and generates a domain-specific overview (in text form) of the entire list from the text. In addition, the overview is tailored to presenting local search results and therefore location information is particularly relevant in the overview. For example, suppose that the user requested search results for a query in the form of “category, current location” (e.g., queries resulted from natural language search requests “Find Chinese restaurants near me” or “Where can I eat here?”). Then, the digital assistant reviews the search results, and identifies search results that are near the user's current location. Then the digital assistant generates an overview of the search results in the form of “I found several <categoryPlural> nearby.” In some embodiments, no count is provided in the overview unless N<3. In some embodiments, a count of the search results is provided in the overview if the count is less than 6.
For another example, suppose the user requested search results for a query in the form of “category, other location” (e.g., queries resulted from natural language search requests “Find me some romantic restaurants in Palo Alto” while the user is not currently in Palo Alto, or “Where can I eat after the movie?” where the movie will be shown at a location than the user's current location). The digital assistant will generate an overview (in textual form) in the form of “I found several <categoryPlural> in <location>.” (or “near” instead of “in”, whichever is more suitable given the <location>.)
In some embodiments, the textual form of the overview is provided on a display screen (e.g., within a dialogue window). After providing the overview of the entire list, the list of results are presented on the display as usual (e.g., capped at M items, M=25, for example).
In some embodiments, after the list of results are presented on the screen, a speech-based overview is provided to the user. The speech-based overview can be generated through text-to-speech conversion of the textual version of the overview. In some embodiments, no content is provided on a display screen, and only the speech-based overview is provided at this point.
Once the speech-based overview is provided to the user, a speech-based sub-section overview of a first “page” of results can be provided. For example, the sub-section overview can list the names (e.g., business names) of the first P items on the “page.” Specifically,
a. If this is the first page, the sub-section overview says “including <name1>, <name2>, . . . and <nameP>”, where <name1> . . . <nameP> are the business names of the first P results, and the sub-section overview is presented immediately after the list overview “I found several <categoryPlural> nearby . . . .”
b. If this is not the first page, the sub-section overview says “The next P are <name1>, <name2>, . . . <nameP>” etc.
The digital assistant iterate through all the “pages” of the search result list in the above manner.
For each page of results, the following steps are performed:
a. In some embodiments, on the display, a current page of search results are presented in visual form (e.g., in textual form). A visual context marker indicates the current item being read. The textual paraphrase for each search result includes the ordinal position (e.g., first, second, etc), distance, and bearing associated with the search result. In some embodiments, the textual paraphrase for each result only occupies a single line in the list on the display, such that the list appears succinct and easy to read. To keep the text in a single line, no business name is presented, the text paraphrase is in the format of “Second: 0.6 miles south”.
b. In some embodiments, an individual visual snippet is provided for each result. For example, the snippet of each result can be revealed when the textual paraphrase shown on the display is scrolled, so that the I line text bubble is at the top and the snippet fits underneath.
c. In some embodiments, the context marker or context cursor advances through the list of items as the items or paraphrases thereof are presented to the user one by one in a sequential order.
d. In speech, announce the ordinal position, business name, short address, distance, and bearing of the current item. The short address is the street name portion of the full address, for example.
e. Only for the first item of this page, speak a prompt for options: “Would you like to call it, get directions, or go to the next one?”
f. Listen
g. Handle natural language commands in context of the current result (e.g., as determined based on the current position of the context marker). If user says “next” or an equivalent word, move on to the next item in the list.
h. go back to step a or go to the next page if this is the last item of the current page has been reached.
The above steps are repeated for each of the remaining “pages” of results, until there are no more pages of results left in the list.
In some embodiments, if user asks for directions to a location associated with a result item and the user is already in a navigation mode on a planned route, the digital assistant can provide a speech output saying “You are already navigating on a route. Would you like to replace this route with directions to <item name>?” If the user replies in the affirmative, the digital assistant presents the directions to the location associated with that result. In some embodiments, the digital assistant provides a speech out saying “Directions to <item name>” and presents the navigation interface (e.g., a maps and directions interface). If the user replies in the negative, the digital assistant provides a speech output saying “OK, I won't replace your route.” If in eyes-free mode, just stop here. If user says “show it on a map,” but the digital assistant detects an eyes-free context, the digital assistant generates a speech output saying “Sorry, your vehicle won't let me show items on the map during driving” or some other standard eyes-free warning. If eyes-free context is not detected, the digital assistant provides a speech output saying “Here is the location of <item name>” and shows the single item snippet for that item again.
In some embodiments, when an item is displayed, and the user asks to call an item, e.g., by saying “Call.” The digital assistant identifies the correct target result, and initiates a telephone connection to a telephone number associated with the target result. Before making the telephone connection, the digital assistant provides a speech out saying “Calling <item name>.”
The following provides a few natural language use cases for identifying the target item/result of an action command. For example, the user can name the item in a command, and the target item is then identified based on the particular item name specified in the command. The user can also use “it” or other reference to refer to a current item. The digital assistant can identify the correct target item based on the current position of the context marker. The user can also use “the nth one” or “number n” to refer to the nth item in the list. In some cases, the nth item can be ahead of the current item. For example, as soon as the user has heard the overview list of names and are hearing information regarding item #1, the user can say “directions to number 3”. In response, the digital assistant will perform the “direction” action with respect to the 3rd item in the list.
For another example, the user can speak a business name to identify a target item. If multiple items in the list match the business name, then, the digital assistant chooses the last read item that matches the business name as the target item. In general, the digital assistant disambiguate from the current item (i.e., the item pointed to by the context marker) back in time, then forward from the current item. For example, if context marker is on item 5 of 10 items, and the user says a selection criterion (e.g., a particular business name, or other properties of the results) that matches items 2, 4, 6, and 8. Then the digital assistant chooses item 4 as the target item for the command. In another scenario, if context marker is on item 2, and items 3, 5, and 7 match the selection criterion, then the digital assistant selects item 3 as the target item of the command. In this case, nothing before the current context marker matches the selection criterion, and item 3 is the closest item to the context marker.
While presenting the list of local search results, the digital assistant allows the user to moving around the list by issuing the following commands: Next, Previous, go back, Read it again or repeat.
In some embodiments, when the user provides a speech command that only specifies an item, but not any action applicable to the item, then, the digital assistant prompts the user to specify an applicable action. In some embodiments, the prompt provided by the digital assistant provides one or more actions applicable to the specific item type of the item (e.g., actions to local search results, such as “Call”, “Directions,” “Show on map”, etc.). For example, if the user simply says “number 3” or “chevron” with no applicable command verb (e.g., “call” or “directions”), then the digital assistant prompts the user with a speech output saying “Would you like call it or get directions?” If the user's speech input already specifies a command verb or action applicable to the item, then, the digital assistant acts on the item according to the command. For example, if the user's input is “call the nearest gas station” or the like. The digital assistant identifies the target item (e.g., the result corresponding to the nearest gas station), and initiates a telephone connection to a telephone number associated with the target item.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant is capable of processing and responding to user input related to different domains and context. If the user makes a context-independent, fully specified request in another domain, then, the digital assistant suspends or terminates the list reading, and responds to the request in the other domain. For example, while the digital assistant is in the process as asking the user “Would you like to call it, get directions, or go the next one” during list reading, the user can say “What is the time in Beijing?” In response to this new user input, the digital assistant determines the domain of interest has switch from local search and list-reading to another domain of clock/time. Based on such a determination, the digital assistant performs the action requested in the clock/time domain (e.g., launch the clock application, or provides the current time in Beijing).
The following provides another more detailed example on presenting a list of gas stations in response to a search request for “Find gas stations near me.”
In this example, the parameters are: Page size P=4, Max results M=12, and query: {category (e.g., gas station), nearest, sorted by distance from current location}
The following task flow is implemented to present the list of search results (i.e., gas stations identified based on a local search request).
1. Sort gas stations by distance from the user's current location, and trim the list of search results to a total count of M.
2. Generate text only summary for the list: “I found several gas stations near you.” (fit on at most 2 lines).
3. Show a list of N local search snippets for the complete list of results on a display.
4. Generate and provide speech-based overview: “I found several gas stations near you,”
5. Generate and provide speech-based sub-section overview: “including Chevron Station, Valero, Chevon, and Shell Station.”
6. for <item 1> in the list, perform the following steps a through g:
a. provide item-specific paraphrase in text: “First: 0.7 miles south.”
b. show visual snippet for Chevron Station.
c. set context marker to this item (i.e., <item 1>).
d. provide speech-based, item-specific paraphrase: “The closest is Chevon Station on North De Anza Boulevard, point 7 miles north.”
e. provide a speech-based prompt offering options regarding actions applicable to the first item of the page (i.e., the <item 1>): “Would you like to call it, get directions, or go to the next one?”
f. Beep beep
g. User says “next”.
6. move onto the next item, <item 2>
a. providing a item-specific paraphrase of the item in text: “Second: 0.7 miles south”
b. show a visual snippet for Valero.
c. set the context marker to this item (i.e., <item 2>)
d. provide a speech-based item-specific paraphrase of the item: “The second is Valero on North de Anza Boulevard, point 7 miles south.”
e. do not provide prompt regarding actions applicable to the second item.
f. Beep beep
g. User says “next”.
6. <item 3>
a. provide an item-specific paraphrase of the item in text form: “Third: 0.7 miles south.”
b. show a visual snippet for Chevon.
c. set the context marker to this item.
d. provide a speech-based item specific paraphrase for this item: “The third is Chevron on South de Anza Boulevard, point 7 miles south.”
e. do not provide prompt regarding actions applicable to the third item.
f. Beep beep
g. User says “next”.
6. <item 4>
a. provide items specific paraphrase of the item in text: “Fourth: 0.7 miles south.”
b. show a visual snippet for the Shell Station.
c. set the context marker to this item.
d. provide a speech-based item-specific paraphrase of the item: “The fourth is Shell Station on South de Anza Boulevard, 1 mile south.”
e. do not provide prompt regarding actions applicable to the second item.
f. Beep beep
g. User says “next”.
5. <page 2> start a new page of items
provide a speech-based section-overview for the second page: “The next 4 are Cupertino's Smog Pro & Auto Service, Shell Station, Valero, and Rotten Robbie.”
6. <item 5>
a. provide an item-specific paraphrase in text for this item: “Fifth: 1 mile south.”
b. show a visual snippet for Cupertino's Smog Pro & Auto Service.
c. set the context marker to this item.
d. provide a speech-based item-specific paraphrase for this item: “The fifth is Cupertino's Smog Pro & Auto Service on North de Anza Boulevard, 1 mile east.”
e. provide a speech-based prompt offering options regarding actions applicable to the first item of the page (i.e., the <item 5>): “Would you like to call it, get directions, or go to the next one?”
f. Beep beep
g. User says “next”.
<item 6>
a. provide an item-specific paraphrase of the item in text: “Sixth: 2 miles west.”
b. show a visual snippet for Shell Station.
c. set the context marker to this item.
d. provide a speech-based, item-specific paraphrase for the item: “The sixth is Shell Station on Stevens Creek Boulevard, 1 mile west.”
e. do not provide prompt regarding actions applicable to the second item.
f. Beep beep
g. User says “directions”.
h. determine the target item based on the position of the context marker, and identifies the current item as the target item. Invoke the directions retrieval for the current item.
The above examples for list-reading in the local search domain are merely exemplary. The techniques disclosed for the local search domain are also applicable to other domains and domain-specific item types. For example, the list reading algorithms and presentation techniques can also be applicable to reading a list of business listings outside of a local search domain.
Reading Reminders
Reading reminders in hands-free mode has two important parts: selecting what reminders to read and deciding how to read each reminder. For hands-free mode, the list of reminder to be presented is filtered down to a group of reminders that is a meaningful subset of all available reminders associated with the user. In addition, the group of reminders to be presented to the user in the hands-free context can further be divided into meaningful sub-groups based on various reminder properties, such as reminder trigger time, trigger location, and other actions or events that the user or the user's device may perform. For example, if someone says “what are my reminders” it may not be very helpful for the assistant to reply “at least 25 . . . ” since the user is unlikely to have time or be interested in hearing about all 25 reminders in one sitting. Instead, the reminders to be presented to the user should be a rather small and actionable set of reminders that are relevant now. Such as “You have 3 recent reminders.” “You have 4 reminders for today.” “You have 5 reminders for today, 1 for when you are traveling and 4 for after you get home.”
There are a few kinds of structured data that can be used to help determine whether a reminder is relevant now, including current and trigger date/time, trigger location, and trigger actions. Selection criteria for choose which reminders are relevant now can be based on one or more of these structured data. For trigger date/time, there is an alert time and due date for each reminder.
A selection criterion can be based on a match between the alert time and due date of the reminder and the current date and time, or other user-specified date and time. For example, the user can ask “what are my reminders” and a small set (e.g., 5) of recent reminders and/or upcoming reminders with trigger time (e.g., alert time and/or due time/date) close to the current time is selected for hands-free listing reading to the user. For location triggers, a reminder can be triggered when the user is leaving a current location and/or arriving at another location.
A selection criterion can be based on the current location and/or a user specified location. For example, the user can say “what are my reminders” when he or she is leaving a current location, and the assistant can select a small set of reminders that have triggers associated with the user leaving the current location. For another example, the user can say “what are my reminders” when the user steps into a store, and reminders associated with that store can be selected for presentation. For action triggers, a reminder can be triggered when the assistant detects that the user is performing an action (e.g., driving, or walking) Alternatively or in addition, the type of actions to be performed by the user as specified in the reminders can also be used to select relevant reminders for presentation.
A selection criterion can be based on the user's current action or the action triggers associated with the reminders. A selection criterion can also be based on the user's current action and the actions that are to be performed by the user according to the reminders. For example, when the user asks “what are my reminders” when he is driving, and reminders associated with the driving action triggers (e.g., reminders for making calls in the car, reminders for going to the gas station, reminders to do oil change, etc.) can be selected for presentation. For another example, when the user asks “what are my reminders” when he is walking, reminders associate with actions that are suitable to be performed while the user is walking, such as reminders for making calls and a reminder for checking the current pollen count, a reminder to put on sunscreens, etc., can be selected for presentation.
While the user is traveling in a moving vehicle (e.g., driving or sitting in a car), the user can make calls, and preview what reminders will be triggered next or soon. Reminders for calls can form a meaningful group since the calls can be make in series in one sitting (e.g., while the user is traveling in a car).
The following description provides some more detailed scenarios for hands-free reminder reading. If someone says “what are my reminders” in a hands-free situation, the assistant provides a report or overview on a short list of reminders associated with one or more of the following categories of reminders: (1) reminders that were recently triggered, (2) reminders to be triggered when the user is leaving some place (make the assumption that the some place is where they just were), (3) reminders to be triggered or due today, in soonest first, (4) reminders to be triggered when you arrive somewhere.
For reminders, the order by which the individual reminders are presented sometimes is not as important as the overview. The overview puts the list of reminders in a context in which the arbitrary title strings of the reminders can make some sense to the user. For example, when the user asks for reminders. The assistant can provide a overview saying “You have N reminders that have recently come up, M for when you are traveling, and J reminders scheduled for today.” After providing the overview of the list of reminders, the assistant can proceed to go through each sub-group of reminder in the list. For example, the following is the steps that the assistant can perform to present the list to the user:
The assistant provides a speech-based sub-section overview: “The reminders that were recently triggered are:”, followed by a pause. Then, the assistant provides a speech-based item-specific paraphrase of the content of the reminder (e.g., a title of the reminder, or a short description of the reminder) saying, “contact that guy about something.” In between reminders within the sub-group (e.g., the sub-group of recently triggered reminders), a pause can be inserted, so that the user can tell the reminders apart, and can interrupt the assistant with a command during the pause. In some embodiments, the assistant enters a listening mode during the pause, if two-way communication is not constantly maintained. After the paraphrase of the first reminder is provided, the assistant proceeds with the second reminder in the sub-group, and so on: “<pause> get a cable for intergalactic communication from the company store.” In some embodiments, the ordinal position of the reminders are provided before the paraphrase is read. However, since the order of the reminders are not as important as it is for other types of data items, the ordinal positions of the reminders are sometimes deliberately omitted to make the communication more succinct.
The assistant continues with the second sub-group of reminders by providing a sub-group overview first: “Reminders for when you are traveling are:” Then, the assistant goes through the reminders in the second sub-group one by one: “<pause> call Justin Beaver” “<pause> check out the sunset.” After the second sub-group of reminders are presented, the assistant proceeds to read a sub-group overview of the third sub-group of reminders: “A reminder coming up today is:” Then, the assistant proceeds to provide the item-specific paraphrase of each reminder in the third sub-group: “<pause> finish that report.” After the third sub-group of reminders are presented, the assistant provides the sub-group overview of the fourth sub-group by saying “Reminders for when you get home are:” Then, the assistant proceeds to read the item-specific paraphrases for the reminders in the fourth sub-group: “<pause> pull a bottle from the cellar”, “<pause> light a fire.” The above examples are merely illustrative, and demonstrate the ideas of how a list of relevant reminders can be divided into meaningful subgroups or categories based on various properties (e.g., trigger time relative to current time, recently triggered, upcoming, triggered based on action, triggered based on location, etc.) The above examples also illustrate the key phrases through which the reminders are presented. For example, a list-level overview including a description of the sub-groups and a count of reminders within each sub-group can be provided. In addition, when there are more than one sub-groups, a sub-group overview is provided before the reminders in the sub-groups are presented. The sub-group overview states the name or title of the sub-group based on a characteristic or property by which this sub-group is created, and by which reminders within the sub-group are selected.
In some embodiments, the user will specify which particular group of reminders the user is interested in. In other words, the selection criteria are provided by the user input. For example, the user may explicitly request “show me the calls I need to make” or “what do I have to do when I get home” “what do I have to buy at this store” and so on. For each of these requests, the digital assistant extract the selection criteria from the user input based on natural language processing, and identify the relevant reminders for presentation based on the user-specified selection criteria and the pertinent properties (e.g., trigger time/date, trigger actions, actions to be performed, trigger locations, etc.) associated the reminders.
The following are example of reading for specific groups of reminders:
For reminders for calls: the user can ask “what calls do I need to make,” and the assistant can say “You have reminders to make 3 calls: Amy Joe, Bernard Julia, and Chetan Cheyer.” In this response, the assistant provides an overview followed by the item-specific paraphrases of the reminders. The overview specified the selection criterion (e.g., action to be performed by the user is “making calls”) used to select the relevant reminders, and a count of the relevant reminders (e.g., 3). The domain-specific, item specific paraphrase for reminders for calls includes just the name of the person to be called (e.g., Amy Joe, Bernard Julia, and Chetan Cheyer), and no extraneous information is provided in the paraphrases since the names are sufficient at this point for the user to make a decision about whether to proceed with an action on the reminder (i.e., actually making one of the calls).
For reminders for things to do at a specific location: the user asks “what do have to do when I get home,” and the assistant can say “You have 2 reminders for when you get home: <pause> pull a bottle from the cellar, and <pause> light a fire.” In this response, the assistant provides an overview followed by the item-specific paraphrases of the reminders. The overview specified the selection criterion (e.g., trigger location is “home”) used to select the relevant reminders, and a count of the relevant reminders (e.g., 2). The domain-specific, item specific paraphrase for the reminders includes just the action to be performed (e.g., action specified in the reminders), and no extraneous information is provided in the paraphrases since the user just wants a preview of what's coming up.
The above examples are merely illustrative for hands-free list reading for the reminders domain. Additional variations are possible depending on the specific types and categories of reminders that are relevant and should be presented to the user in the hands-free context. Visual snippets of the reminders are optionally provided on a screen accompanying the speech-based outputs provided by the assistant. Commands such as repeat, next, etc. can still be used to navigate among the different sub-groups of reminders or repeat information regarding one or more reminders.
Reading Calendar Events
The following description relates to reading calendar events in a hands-free mode. The two main considerations for hands-free calendar event reading are still selecting which calendar entries to read, and deciding how to read each calendar entry. Similar to reading reminders and other domain-specific data item types, a small subset of all calendar entries associated with the user are selected, and grouped into meaningful sub-groups of 3-5 entries each. The division of sub-groups can be based on various selection criteria such as event date/time, reminder date/time, type of events, location of events, participants, etc. For example, if user asks says “what is on my calendar,” it would not be very helpful for the assistant to say “you have at least 50 entries in your calendar.” Instead, the assistant can present information about the event entries for the current day or half day, and then proceeds afterwards in accordance with the user's subsequent commands. For example, the user can ask about additional events for the next day by simply saying “next page.”
In some embodiments, the calendar entries are divided into sub-groups by date. Each sub-group only includes events on a single day. If the user asks for calendar entries of a date range spanning multiple days, the calendar entries associated with each single day within that range is presented at a time. For example, if the user asks “what's on my calendar next week,” the assistant can reply with a list-level overview “You have 3 events on Monday, 2 events on Tuesday, and no events on other days.” The assistant can then proceed to present the events on each of Monday and Tuesday. For the events on each day, the assistant can provide a sub-group overview of the day first. The overview can specify the times of the events on that day. In some embodiments, if an event is a whole-day event, the assistant provides that information in the sub-group overview as well. For example, the following is an example scenario illustrating the hands-free reading of calendar entries:
The user asks “what's on my calendar today.” The assistant replies in speech: “You have events on your calendar at 11 am, 12:30, 3:30, and 7:00 pm. You also have a day-long event.” In this example, the user only requested events of a single day, and the list-level overview is the overview of the day's events.
In presenting a list of calendar events, event time is a most pertinent piece of information to the user in most cases. Streamlining the presentation of a list of times can improve use experience and make the communication of information more efficient. In some embodiments, if the event times of the calendar entries span both the morning and the afternoon, only the event times for the first and last calendar entries are provided with an AM/PM indicator in the speech-based overview. In addition, if all events are in the morning, the AM indicator is provided for the event times of the first and the last calendar entries. If all events are in the afternoon, the PM indicator is provided for the last event of the day, but no AM/PM indicator is provided for other event times. Noon and midnight are exempt from AM/PM rule above. For some more explicit example, the following are what can be provided in the calendar entry list overview: “11 am, 12:30, 3:30, and 7 pm”, “8:30 am, 9, and 10 am”, “5, 6, and 7:30 pm”, “Noon, 2, 4, 5, 5:30, and 7 pm”, “5, 6, and midnight.”
For all-day events, the assistant provides a count of all-day events. For example, when asked about the events next week, the digital assistant can say “You have (N) all-day event(s).”
When reading the list of relevant calendar entries, the digital assistant first reads all of the timed events and then the all-day events. If there are no timed events, then the assistant goes directly to reading the list of all-day events after the overview. Then, for each event on the list, the assistants provides a speech-based item-specific paraphrase according to the following template: <time><subject><location>, where the location can be omitted if no location is specified in the calendar entry. For example, the item-specific paraphrases of the calendar entries include a <time> component in the form of: “at 11 AM”, “at noon”, “at 1:30 PM”, “at 7:15 PM”, “at noon”, etc. For all day event, no such paraphrase is needed. For the <subject> component, the assistant optionally specifies the count and/or identities of the participants in addition to the title of the event. For example, if there are more than 3 participants for an event, the <subject> component can include “<event title> with N people about”. If there are 1-3 participants, the <subject> component can include “<event title> with person1, person2, and person3” If there are no participants for an event other than the user, the <subject> component can include just the <event title>. If a location is specified for a calendar event, <location> component can be inserted into the paraphrase of the calendar event. This needs some filtering.
The following illustrate a hands-free list-reading scenario for calendar events. After the user asks “what's on my calendar.” The assistant replies with an overview: “You have events on your calendar at 11 AM, noon, 3:30, and 7 PM. You also have 2 day-long events.” After the overview, the assistant continues with the list of calendar entries: “At 11 AM: meeting”, “At 11:30 AM: meeting with Harry Saddler”, “At noon: design review with 9 people in Room (8), IL 2”, “At 3:30 PM: meeting with Susan”, “At 7 PM: dinner with Amy Cheyer and Lynn Julia.” In some embodiments, the assistant can indicate the end of the list by providing a wrap-up output, such as “That was all.”
The above examples are merely illustrative for hands-free list reading for the calendars domain. Additional variations are possible depending on the specific types and categories of calendar entries (e.g., meetings, appointments, parties, meals, events that need preparation/travel/etc.) that are relevant and should be presented to the user in the hands-free context. Visual snippets of the calendar entries are optionally provided on a screen accompanying the speech-based outputs provided by the assistant.
List Reading for E-mails
Similar to other list of data items in other domains, hands-free reading of a list of e-mails also concerns with which e-mails to include in the list, and how to read each e-mail to the user. E-mail is different from other item types in that emails typically include an unbounded portion (i.e., the message body) that is of unbounded size (e.g., too large to read in its entirety), and may include content that cannot be readily converted to speech (e.g., objects, tables, pictures, etc.). Therefore, when reading e-mails, the unbounded portions of e-mails are divided into smaller chunks, and only one chunk is provided at a time, and the rest is omitted from the speech output unless the user specifically request to hear them (e.g., by using a command such as “More”). In addition, pertinent properties for selecting e-mails for presentation, and dividing emails into sub-groups include sender identity, date, subject, read/unread status, urgency flag, etc. Objects (e.g., tables, pictures) and attachments in the email can be identified by the assistant, but may be omitted from hands-free reading. In some embodiments, the objects and attachment may be presented on a display. In some embodiments, if the user is also in an eyes-free mode, the display of these objects and attachment may be prevented by the assistant.
The following is an example scenario illustrating the hands-free list reading for email. The example illustrates the use of a prompt after the overview and before reading the list of emails. When reading the list of emails, a summary or paraphrase of the content of each email is provided one by one. The user can navigate through the list by using the command “Next”, “First”, “Previous”, “Last” etc. To hear more of the message body of the email, the user can say “More.” The user can also say command related to actions applicable to an email. The context marker advances through the list of emails as the assistant reads the emails one by one. The context marker also hops from one email to another if the user's command is directed to an email out of sequential order.
For example, the user can ask: “Do I have any new mail from Harry Saddler?”
Based on the selection criteria specified in the user input (e.g., sender=Harry Saddler, and read/unread status=NEW″, the assistant identifies the relevant e-mails, and provides a list overview and a prompt for reading the list of emails: “You have 5 unread messages from Harry Saddler. Would you like to hear them read?” If the user answers in the affirmative, “Yes.” The assistant proceeds to read a domain-specific, item-specific paraphrase of the list of emails one by one. For example, the assistant can say, “First message, From Harry Saddler, 3 days ago. With the subject: Short meeting today 3 pm.” The paraphrase is generated based on the content of the e-mail, and include key information such as an ordinal position of the message in the list, a sender identify associated with the message, a time associated with the message, and the subject line of the message. Here, the exact arrival time is not used. Instead a paraphrase of the arrival time is used, since the exact arrival time is probably not pertinent in the hands-free context. The body of the message is not read or provided in the paraphrase. Then, after a brief pause, the assistant can begin reading a first chuck of the unbounded content of the message: “Harry wrote: Next meeting—to scope a project X—is Monday October 17, 2 pm. I can't find a room, so let's meet in the IL2/4th elevator lobby, and go from there. Harry” In this case, the overall length of the unbounded content of the message is short enough to fit within a predetermined length limit for a chuck (e.g., 3 lines of text), therefore, the entire content body of the message is read in one chunk.
After reading the first message, a brief pause is provided, so that the user can enter a command for an action (e.g., reply, delete, repeat, etc.) applicable to the message just read, or to move on to the next message. Suppose that the use says “next.” Then, the assistant proceeds to the next message in the list, and the context marker advances to the next message. The assistant provides a speech output saying “Next message, From Harry Saddler, today at 8:23 am, with the subject: List reading use cases.” After a pause for user interruption, the assistant continues to read the unbounded content of the message “Harry wrote: By popular demand, we're using spreadsheets to develop, refine and track use cases. Each will be attached to the corresponding TLF radar; when updated, a new version will be added. I'll be the point person for developing the use cases with the relevant domain teams.” After reading the first chunk of the message body, the assistant pauses, and prompts the user “Continue reading this message?” If the user says “Yes,” the assistant proceeds to read the next chunk of the message body: “Harry wrote: Calendar use cases are partly worked out, still needs some flesh on the bones, and of course prioritization. LINK. TLF: Calendar entries . . . .” Before the assistant finishes reading this chunk of the message body, the user interrupts the reading with a command “Reply.” In response, the assistant stops the reading, and identifies the current message as the target message for the action requested by the user's input. The assistant generates a speech-based response “OK, I can help you reply to Harry Saddler. What would you like to say?” The user speaks the text of the reply email “Great idea period these will help a lot.” The assistant mirrors the message back to the user to confirm accuracy, “Your message reads: Great idea. These will help a lot.” The assistant then asks “Ready to send it?” Once the user confirms (e.g., by saying “yes”), the assistant acknowledges the user's confirmation, and says “OK, I'll send it. Shall I continue reading your email?” After the user replies “Yes.” The assistant goes to the next message in the list and reads it “Next message, From Harry Saddler, yesterday at 2:34 pm with the subject: spreadsheet <pause> The email message contains only an attachment.”
Note that in the reading of the unbounded content for both this email message and the previous email message, the assistant detected some object that is not easily read out lout. For example, in the previous email, the message body contains a hyperlink. The assistant does not convert the text of the hyperlink to the speech. Instead, the assistant simply identifies the existence of the link in the message body by using a keyword “LINK.TLF:.” so that the user is informed of the link, but the speech output of the message body is not distorted into an unrecognizable form. In the current message, an attachment is identified. The assistant does not attempt to read the attachment. Instead, the assistant simply provide a speech output indicating the presence of the attachment in the email.
Continue with above email reading scenario. After reading the unbounded content of the third message, the digital assistant continues to read the next message, “Next message, From Harry Saddler, 30 minutes ago. In reply to a message from you on the subject: no way to shut up TTS.” After a pause, the assistant continues with the first chunk of the unbounded content “Harry wrote: How about this simple solution: silence the assistant. While assistant is speaking, shake it; it stops talking silence the assistant and make a new request: while assistant is speaking, shake again . . . <pause>” After reading the first chuck, the assistant again asks “Continue reading this message?” The user says “Repeat.” In response, the assistant checks the position of the context marker, which is now residing on the first chunk of the unbounded content of the fourth message in the list. The assistant then reads the first chunk of the message body for the fourth message again, “How about this simple solution: silence the assistant. while assistant is speaking, shake it; it stops talking. silence the assistant and make a new request: while assistant is speaking, shake again . . . ”
After a brief pause, the assistant asks “Continue?” If the user says “Yes”, the assistant continues to read the second chunk of the current message, and the context marker moves to the second chunk as well. For example, the assistant reads the second chunk “this is simply ‘silence the assistant’+‘start listening’ to get the assistant without making a new request. Home button, then mic button when it appears. This is really forced endpoint with no input. Harry.”
After a brief pause, the assistant asks “Continue?” and the user says “No.”
In response to the user's command to stop reading the message body of the current message, the assistant proceeds to the read the next message: “Next message, From Harry Saddler, 10 minutes ago, In reply to a message from Siamak Hodjat on the subject: the simple rule for staying in transactions (modal prompting).” After a brief pause, the assistant asks “Continue reading this message?” The user says “Next.” In response to the use's input, the assistant replies “That was the last of 5 email messages.”
Note in the above example, only the ordinal position of the first message was provided in the item-specific paraphrases of the messages, the rest of the messages are simply referred to as the “Next message” in their respective paraphrases. Omission of the ordinal position in the paraphrases is possible because there are only a few messages (e.g., 5 or fewer) being read. And the user does not need to hear the ordinal positions out loud in order to mentally register the ordinal positions of the messages. User commands that make references to the messages by their respective ordinal positions in the list would still work in this context. For example, a speech input “Repeat the second message” after the reading of the fourth message would still take the user back to the second message.
The above e-mail list reading examples are merely illustrative. Other commands for the assistant can be implemented to initiate other actions applicable to email messages. The techniques and options described with respect to the e-mail reading scenarios are applicable to other types of data items as well.
Based on the domain-specific item type, the assistant generates an speech-based overview of the plurality of data items (1444). The overview provides the user with a general idea of what kinds of items are in the list, and how many items are in the list. For each of the plurality of data items, the assistant further generates a respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrase for the data item based on respective content of the data item (1446). The format of the item-specific paraphrase often depends on the domain-specific item type (e.g., whether the items is a calendar entry or a reminder) and the actual content of the data item (e.g., event time and subject of a particular calendar entry). Then, the assistant provides the speech-based overview to a user through the speech-enabled dialogue interface (1448). The speech-based overview is then followed by the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases for at least a subset of the plurality of data items. In some embodiments, if the items in the list are sorted in a particular order, the paraphrases of the items are provided in the particular order. In some embodiments, if there are more than a threshold number (e.g., maximum number per “page”=5 items) of items in the list, only a subset of the items are presented at a time. The user can request to see/hear more of the items by specifically requesting such.
In some embodiments, for each of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant generates a respective textual, item-specific snippet for the data item based on respective content of the data item (1450). For example, the snippet can include more details of a corresponding local search result, or the content body of an email, etc. The snippet is for presentation on a display, and accompanies the speech-based reading of the list. In some embodiments, the digital assistant provides the respective textual, item-specific snippets for at least the subset of the plurality of data items, to the user through a visual interface (1452). In some embodiments, the context marker is provided on the visual interface as well. In some embodiments, all of the plurality of data items are presented on the visual interface at the same time, while the reading of the items proceed “page” by “page”, i.e., a subset at a time.
In some embodiments, the provision of the speech-based, item-specific paraphrases is accompanied by provision of the respective textual, item specific snippets.
In some embodiments, while providing the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases, the digital assistant inserts a pause between each pair of adjacent speech-based, item-specific paraphrases (1454). The digital assistant enters a listening mode to capture user input during the pause (1456).
In some embodiments, while providing the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases in a sequential order, the digital assistant advances a context marker to a current data item for which the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrase is being provided to the user (1458).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives user input requesting an action to be performed, the action applicable to the domain-specific item type (1460). The digital assistant determines a target data item for the action among the plurality of data items based on a current position of the context marker (1462). For example, the user may request an action without explicitly specifying a target item for apply the action. The assistant presumes the user is referring to the current data item as the target item. Then, the digital assistant performs the action with respect to the determined target data item (1464).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives user input requesting an action to be performed, the action applicable to the domain-specific item type (1466). The digital assistant determines a target data item for the action among the plurality of data items based on an item reference number specified in the user input (1468). For example, the user may say “the third” item in the user input, and the assistant can determine which item the “third” item is in the list. Once the target item is determined, the digital assistant performs the action with respect to the determined target data item (1470).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives user input requesting an action to be performed, the action applicable to the domain-specific item type (1472). The digital assistant determines a target data item for the action among the plurality of data items based on an item characteristic specified in the user input (1474). For example, the user can say “Reply to the message from Mark,” and the digital assistant can determine which message the user is referring to based on the sender identity “Mark” among the list of messages. Once the target item is determined, the digital assistant performs the action with respect to the determined target data item (1476).
In some embodiments, when determining the target data item for the action, the digital assistant: determines that the item characteristic specified in the user input applies to two or more of the plurality of data items (1478), determines a current position of a context marker among the plurality of data items (1480), and selecting one of the two or more data items as the target data item (1482). In some embodiments, the selecting of the data item includes: preferentially selecting all data items residing before the context marker over all data items residing after the context marker (1484); and preferentially selecting a data item closest to the context cursor among all data items on the same side of the context marker (1486). For example, when the user says reply to the message from Mark, and if all messages from Mark are located after the current context marker, then select the closet one to the context marker as the target message. If one message from Mark is before the context marker, and the rest are after the context Marker, then the one before the context marker is selected as the target message. If all messages from Mark are located before the context marker, then the one closest to the context marker is selected as the target message.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives user input selecting one of the plurality of data items without specifying any action applicable to the domain-specific item type (1488). In response to receiving the user input, the digital assistant provides a speech-based prompt to the user, the speech-based prompt offering one or more action choices applicable to the selected data item (1490). For example, if the user says “the first gas station.” The assistant can offer a prompt saying “would you like to call or get directions?”
In some embodiments, for at least one of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant determines a respective size of an unbounded portion of the data item (1492). Then, in accordance with predetermined criteria, the digital assistant performs one of: (1) providing a speech-based output reading an entirety of the unbounded portion to the user (1494); and (2) chunking the unbounded portion of the data item into multiple discrete sections (1496), providing a speech-based output reading a particular discrete section of the multiple discrete sections to the user (1498), and prompting user input regarding whether to read the remaining discrete sections of the multiple discrete sections (1500). In some embodiments, the speech-based output comprises a verbal pagination indicator uniquely identifying the particular discrete section among the multiple discrete sections.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant provides the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases for at least the subset of the plurality of data items in a sequential order (1502). In some embodiments, while providing the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases in the sequential order, the digital assistant receiving a speech input from the user, the speech input requesting one of: skipping one or more paraphrases, presenting additional information for a current data item, repeating one or more previously presented paraphrases (1504). In response to the speech input, the digital assistant continues providing the paraphrases in accordance with the user's speech input (1506). In some embodiments, while providing the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases in the sequential order, the digital assistant receives a speech input from the user, the speech input requesting to pause the provision of the paraphrases (1508). In response to the speech input, the digital assistant pauses the provision of the paraphrases and listening for additional user input during the pausing (1510). During the pausing, the digital assistant performs one or more actions in response to one or more additional user input (1512). After performing the one or more actions, the digital assistant automatically resuming the provision of the paraphrases after the performance of the one or more actions (1514). For example, while reading one of a list of emails, the user can interrupt the reading, and ask the assistant to reply to a message. After the message is completed and sent, the assistant resumes reading of the remaining messages in the list. In some embodiments, the digital assistant requests a user confirmation before automatically resuming the provision of the paraphrases (1516).
In some embodiments, the speech-based overview specifies a count of the plurality of data items.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives a user input requesting presentation of the plurality of data items (1518). The digital assistant processes the user input to determine whether the user has explicitly requested reading of the plurality of data items (1520). Upon determination that the user has explicitly requested reading of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant automatically provides the speech-based, item specific paraphrases following the provision of the speech-based overview without further user request (1522). Upon determination that the user has not explicitly requested reading of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant prompts a user confirmation before providing the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases to the user (1524).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant determines presence of a hands-free context (1526). The digital assistant divides the plurality of data items into one or more subsets according to a predetermined maximum item count per subset (1528). Then, the digital assistant provides the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases for the data items in one subset at a time (1530).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant determines presence of a hands-free context (1532). The digital assistant limits the plurality of data items for presentation to a user according to a predetermined maximum item count specified for the hands-free context (1534). In some embodiments, the digital assistant provides a respective speech-based subset identifier before providing the respective item-specific paraphrases for the data items in each subset (1536). For example, the sub-set identifiers can be “the first five messages”, “the next five messages”, etc.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives a user input while providing the speech-based overview and item-specific paraphrases to the user (1538). The digital assistant processes the speech input to determine whether the speech input relates to the plurality of data items (1540). Upon determination that the speech input does not relate to the plurality of data items: the digital assistant suspends output generation related to the plurality of data items (1542), and provides to the user an output that is responsive to the speech input and unrelated to the plurality of data items (1544).
In some embodiments, after the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrases for all of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant provides a speech-based closure to the user through the dialogue interface (1546).
In some embodiments, the domain-specific item type is local search results and the plurality of data items are a plurality of search results of a particular local search. In some embodiments, to generate the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant determines whether the particular local search is performed with respect to a current user location (1548), upon determining that the particular local search is performed with respect to the current user location, the digital assistant generates the speech-based overview without explicitly naming the current user location in the speech-based overview (1550), and upon determining that the particular local search is performed with respect to a particular location other than the current user location, the digital assistant generates the speech-based overview explicitly naming the particular location in the speech-based overview (1552). In some embodiments, to generate the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items, the digital assistant determines whether a count of the plurality of search results exceeds three (1554), upon determining that the count does not exceed three, the assistant generates the speech-based overview without explicitly specifying the count (1556), and upon determining that the count exceeds three, the digital assistant generates the speech-based overview explicitly specifying the count (1558).
In some embodiments, the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items specifies a respective business name associated with each of the plurality of search results.
In some embodiments, the respective speech-based, item-specific paraphrase of each data item specifies a respective ordinal position of a search results among the plurality of search results, followed in sequence by a respective business name, a respective short address, a respective distance, and a respective bearing associated with the search result, and wherein the respective short address includes only a respective street name associated with the search result. In some embodiments, to generate the respective item-specific paraphrase for each data item, the digital assistant: (1) upon determination that an actual distance associated with the data item is less than one distance unit, specifies the actual distance in the respective item-specific paraphrase of the data item (1560); and (2) upon determination that the actual distance associated with the data item is greater than 1 distance unit, rounds the actual distance to the nearest whole number of distance units and specifies the nearest whole number of units in the respective item-specific paraphrase of the data item (1562).
In some embodiments, the respective item-specific paraphrase of a highest-ranked data item among the plurality of data items according to one of a rating, a distance, and a matching score associated with the data item includes a phrase indicating the ranking of the data item, while the respective item-specific paraphrases of other data items among the plurality of data items omits the ranking of said data items.
In some embodiments, the digital assistant automatically prompts user input regarding whether to perform an action applicable to the domain-specific item type, wherein the automatic prompting is only provided once for the first data item among the plurality of data items, and the automatic prompting is not repeated for the other data items among the plurality of data items (1564).
In some embodiments, while at least a subset of the plurality of search results are being presented to the user, the digital assistant receives a user input requesting navigation to a respective business location associated with one of the search results (1566). In response to the user input, the assistant determines whether the user is already navigating on a planned route to a destination different from the respective business location (1568). Upon determination that the user is already on the planned route to a destination different from the respective business location, the assistant provides a speech output requesting a user confirmation to replace the planned route with a new route leading to the respective business location (1570).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant receives an addition user input requesting a map view of the business location or the new route (1572). The assistant detects presence of an eyes-free context (1574). In response to detecting the presence of the eyes-free context, the digital assistant provides a speech-based warning indicating that the map view will not be provided in the eyes-free context (1576). In some embodiments, detecting the presence of the eyes-free context comprises detecting the user's presence in a moving vehicle.
In some embodiments, the domain-specific item type is reminders and the plurality of data items are a plurality of reminders for a particular time range. In some embodiments, the digital assistant detects a trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders to the user (1578). In response to the user input, the digital assistant identifies the plurality of reminders to be presented to the user in accordance with one or more relevance criteria, the one or more relevance criteria based on one or more of a current date, a current time, a current location, a action performed by the user or a device associated with the user, an action to be performed by the user or a device associated with the user, an a reminder category specified by the user (1580).
In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders comprises receipt of a user request to see reminders for the current day, and the plurality of reminders is identified based on the current date, and each of the plurality of reminders has a respective trigger time within the current date.
In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders comprises receipt of a user request to see recent reminders, and the plurality of reminders is identified based on the current time, and each of the plurality of reminders has been triggered within a predetermined time period before the current time.
In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders comprises receipt of a user request to see upcoming reminders, and the plurality of reminders is identified based on the current time, and each of the plurality of reminders has a respective trigger time within a predetermined time period after the current time.
In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders comprises receipt of a user request to see a particular category of reminders, and each of the plurality of reminders belongs to the particular category. In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminder comprises detecting the user leaving a predetermined location. In some embodiments, the trigger event for presenting a listing of reminders comprises detecting the user arriving at a predetermined location.
In some embodiments, the trigger event based on location, action, time for presenting a list of reminders can also be used as selection criteria for determining which reminders should be included in the list of reminders to present to the user when the user requests to see reminders without specifying a selection criterion in his or she request. For example, as set forth in the use cases for hands-free list reading, the fact that the user is at a particular location (e.g.,), leaving or arriving at a particular location, and performing a particular action (e.g., driving, walking) can be used as the context for deriving appropriate selection criteria for selecting data items (e.g., reminders) to show to the user at the present time, when the user has simply asked “show me my reminders.”
In some embodiments, the digital assistant provides the speech-based, item specific paraphrase of the plurality of reminders in an order sorted according to respective trigger times of the reminders (1582). In some embodiments, the reminders are not sorted.
In some embodiments, to identify the plurality of reminders, the digital assistant applies increasingly stringent relevance criteria to select the plurality of reminders until a count of the plurality of reminders no longer exceed a predetermined threshold number (1584).
In some embodiments, the digital assistant dividing the plurality of reminders into multiple categories (1586). The digital assistant generates a respective speech-based category overview for each of the multiple categories (1588). The digital assistant provides the respective speech-based category overview for each category immediately before the respective item-specific paraphrases for the reminders in the category (1590). In some embodiments, the multiple categories includes one or more of a category based on location, a category based on task, a category based on trigger time relative to current time, a category based on trigger time relative to a user-specified time.
In some embodiments, the domain-specific item type is calendar entries and the plurality of data items are a plurality of calendar entries for a particular time range. In some embodiments, the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items provides either or both timing and duration information associated with each of the plurality of calendar entries without providing additional details regarding the calendar entries. In some embodiments, the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items provides a count of all-day events among the plurality of calendar entries.
In some embodiments, the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items includes a listing of respective event times associated with the plurality of calendar entries, and wherein the speech-based overview only explicitly pronounces a respective AM/PM indicator associated with a particular event time under one of the following conditions: (1) the particular event time is the last one in the listing, (2) the particular event time is the first one in the listing and occurs in the morning.
In some embodiments, the speech-based, item-specific paraphrases of the plurality of data items is a paraphrase of a respective calendar event generated according to a “<time><subject><location, if available>” format.
In some embodiments, the paraphrase of the respective calendar event names one or more participants of the respective calendar event if a total count of the participants is below a predetermined number; and the paraphrase of the respective calendar event does not name participants of the respective calendar event if the total count of the participants is above the predetermined number.
In some embodiments, the paraphrase of the respective calendar event provides the total count of the participants if the total count is above the predetermined number.
In some embodiments, the domain-specific item type is e-mails and the plurality of data items are a particular group of e-mails. In some embodiments, the digital assistant receiving a user input requesting a listing of emails (1592). In response to the user input, the digital assistant identifies the particular group of e-mails to be presented to the user in accordance with one or more relevance criteria, the one or more relevance criteria based on one or more of: a sender identity, a message arrival time, a read/unread status, and an e-mail subject (1594). In some embodiments, the digital assistant processes the user input to determine at least one of the one or more relevance criteria (1596). In some embodiments, the speech-based overview of the plurality of data items paraphrases the one or more relevance criteria used to identify the particular group of e-mails, and provides a count of the particular group of e-mails. In some embodiments, after providing the speech-based overview, the digital assistant prompts user input to accept or reject reading of the group of e-mails to the user (1598). In some embodiments, the respective speech-based, item specific paraphrase for each data item is a respective speech-based, item specific paraphrase for a respective e-mail in the particular group of emails, and the respective paraphrase for the respective e-mail specifies an ordinal position of the respective e-mail in the group of e-mails, a sender of the respective e-mail, and a subject of the email.
In some embodiments, for at least one of the particular group of e-mails, the digital assistant determines a respective size of an unbounded portion of the e-mail (1600). In accordance with predetermined criteria, the digital assistant performs one of: (1) providing a speech-based output reading an entirety of the unbounded portion to the user (1602); and (2) chunking the unbounded portion of the data item into multiple discrete sections (1604), providing a speech-based output reading a particular discrete section of the multiple discrete sections to the user, and after reading the particular discrete section, prompting user input regarding whether to read the remaining discrete sections of the multiple discrete sections.
The above flow diagram illustrates the various options that can be implemented in hands-free list reading for data items in general, and for various domain-specific item types. Although the steps are show in a flow diagram, the steps do not have to be performed in any particular order, unless explicitly indicated in the particular steps. Not all steps need to be performed in various embodiments. Various features from different domains may be applicable to reading of items in other domains. The steps can be selectively combined in various embodiments, unless explicitly prohibited. Other steps, methods, and features are described in other parts of the specification, and can be combined with the steps described with respect to
The present invention has been described in particular detail with respect to possible embodiments. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced in other embodiments. First, the particular naming of the components, capitalization of terms, the attributes, data structures, or any other programming or structural aspect is not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features may have different names, formats, or protocols. Further, the system may be implemented via a combination of hardware and software, as described, or entirely in hardware elements, or entirely in software elements. Also, the particular division of functionality between the various system components described herein is merely exemplary, and not mandatory; functions performed by a single system component may instead be performed by multiple components, and functions performed by multiple components may instead be performed by a single component.
In various embodiments, the present invention can be implemented as a system or a method for performing the above-described techniques, either singly or in any combination. In another embodiment, the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product comprising a nontransitory computer-readable storage medium and computer program code, encoded on the medium, for causing a processor in a computing device or other electronic device to perform the above-described techniques.
Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or to “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Some portions of the above are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a memory of a computing device. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps (instructions) leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared and otherwise manipulated. It is convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. Furthermore, it is also convenient at times, to refer to certain arrangements of steps requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities as modules or code devices, without loss of generality.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “displaying” or “determining” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing module and/or device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
Certain aspects of the present invention include process steps and instructions described herein in the form of an algorithm. It should be noted that the process steps and instructions of the present invention can be embodied in software, firmware and/or hardware, and when embodied in software, can be downloaded to reside on and be operated from different platforms used by a variety of operating systems.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computing device. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. Further, the computing devices referred to herein may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computing device, virtualized system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will be apparent from the description provided herein. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any references above to specific languages are provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
Accordingly, in various embodiments, the present invention can be implemented as software, hardware, and/or other elements for controlling a computer system, computing device, or other electronic device, or any combination or plurality thereof. Such an electronic device can include, for example, a processor, an input device (such as a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, trackpad, joystick, trackball, microphone, and/or any combination thereof), an output device (such as a screen, speaker, and/or the like), memory, long-term storage (such as magnetic storage, optical storage, and/or the like), and/or network connectivity, according to techniques that are well known in the art. Such an electronic device may be portable or nonportable. Examples of electronic devices that may be used for implementing the invention include: a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, smartphone, kiosk, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, consumer electronic device, consumer entertainment device; music player; camera; television; set-top box; electronic gaming unit; or the like. An electronic device for implementing the present invention may use any operating system such as, for example, iOS or MacOS, available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., or any other operating system that is adapted for use on the device.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of the above description, will appreciate that other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the scope of the present invention as described herein. In addition, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/657,744, entitled “Automatically Adapting User Interfaces For Hands-Free Interaction,” filed Jun. 9, 2012, and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/250,947, entitled “Automatically Adapting User Interfaces for Hands-Free Interaction,” filed Sep. 30, 2011, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/493,201, filed Jun. 3, 2011, and which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/987,982, entitled “Intelligent Automated Assistant,” filed on Jan. 10, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/295,774, filed Jan. 18, 2010. The disclosures of all of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1559320 | Hirsh | Oct 1925 | A |
| 2180522 | Henne | Nov 1939 | A |
| 3704345 | Coker et al. | Nov 1972 | A |
| 3710321 | Rubenstein | Jan 1973 | A |
| 3828132 | Flanagan et al. | Aug 1974 | A |
| 3979557 | Schulman et al. | Sep 1976 | A |
| 4013085 | Wright | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4081631 | Feder | Mar 1978 | A |
| 4090216 | Constable | May 1978 | A |
| 4107784 | Van Bemmelen | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4108211 | Tanaka | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4159536 | Kehoe et al. | Jun 1979 | A |
| 4181821 | Pirz et al. | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4204089 | Key et al. | May 1980 | A |
| 4241286 | Gordon | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4253477 | Eichman | Mar 1981 | A |
| 4278838 | Antonov | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4282405 | Taguchi | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4310721 | Manley et al. | Jan 1982 | A |
| 4332464 | Bartulis et al. | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4348553 | Baker et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4384169 | Mozer et al. | May 1983 | A |
| 4386345 | Narveson et al. | May 1983 | A |
| 4433377 | Eustis et al. | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4451849 | Fuhrer | May 1984 | A |
| 4485439 | Rothstein | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4495644 | Parks et al. | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4513379 | Wilson et al. | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4513435 | Sakoe et al. | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4555775 | Pike | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4577343 | Oura | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4586158 | Brandle | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4587670 | Levinson et al. | May 1986 | A |
| 4589022 | Prince et al. | May 1986 | A |
| 4611346 | Bednar et al. | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4615081 | Lindahl | Oct 1986 | A |
| 4618984 | Das et al. | Oct 1986 | A |
| 4642790 | Minshull et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4653021 | Takagi | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4654875 | Srihari et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4655233 | Laughlin | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4658425 | Julstrom | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4670848 | Schramm | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4677570 | Taki | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4680429 | Murdock et al. | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4680805 | Scott | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4686522 | Hernandez et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4688195 | Thompson et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4692941 | Jacks et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4698625 | McCaskill et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4709390 | Atal et al. | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4713775 | Scott et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4718094 | Bahl et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4724542 | Williford | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4726065 | Froessl | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4727354 | Lindsay | Feb 1988 | A |
| RE32632 | Atkinson | Mar 1988 | E |
| 4736296 | Katayama et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4750122 | Kaji et al. | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4754489 | Bokser | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4755811 | Slavin et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
| 4776016 | Hansen | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4783804 | Juang et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4783807 | Marley | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4785413 | Atsumi | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4790028 | Ramage | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4797930 | Goudie | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4802223 | Lin et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4803729 | Baker | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4807752 | Chodorow | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4811243 | Racine | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4813074 | Marcus | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4819271 | Bahl et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4827518 | Feustel et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4827520 | Zeinstra | May 1989 | A |
| 4829576 | Porter | May 1989 | A |
| 4829583 | Monroe et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4831551 | Schalk et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4833712 | Bahl et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4833718 | Sprague | May 1989 | A |
| 4837798 | Cohen et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4837831 | Gillick et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4839853 | Deerwester et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4852168 | Sprague | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4862504 | Nomura | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4875187 | Smith | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4878230 | Murakami et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4887212 | Zamora et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4896359 | Yamamoto et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4903305 | Gillick et al. | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4905163 | Garber et al. | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4905270 | Ono | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4908867 | Silverman | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4914586 | Swinehart et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4914590 | Loatman et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4918723 | Iggulden et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4926491 | Maeda et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 4928307 | Lynn | May 1990 | A |
| 4931783 | Atkinson | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4935954 | Thompson et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4939639 | Lee et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4941488 | Marxer et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4944013 | Gouvianakis et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4945504 | Nakama et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4953106 | Gansner et al. | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4955047 | Morganstein et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4965763 | Zamora | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4972462 | Shibata | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4974191 | Amirghodsi et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4975975 | Filipski | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4977598 | Doddington et al. | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4980916 | Zinser | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4985924 | Matsuura | Jan 1991 | A |
| 4992972 | Brooks et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 4994966 | Hutchins | Feb 1991 | A |
| 4994983 | Landell et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5001774 | Lee | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5003577 | Ertz et al. | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5007095 | Nara et al. | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5007098 | Kumagai | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5010574 | Wang | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5016002 | Levanto | May 1991 | A |
| 5020112 | Chou | May 1991 | A |
| 5021971 | Lindsay | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5022081 | Hirose et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5027110 | Chang et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5027406 | Roberts et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5027408 | Kroeker et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5029211 | Ozawa | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5031217 | Nishimura | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5032989 | Tornetta | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5033087 | Bahl et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5040218 | Vitale et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5046099 | Nishimura | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5047614 | Bianco | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5047617 | Bianco | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5050215 | Nishimura | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5053758 | Cornett et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5054084 | Tanaka et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5057915 | Kohorn et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5067158 | Arjmand | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5067503 | Stile | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5072452 | Brown et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5075896 | Wilcox et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5079723 | Herceg et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5083119 | Trevett et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5083268 | Hemphill et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5086792 | Chodorow | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5090012 | Kajiyama et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5091790 | Silverberg | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5091945 | Kleijn | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5103498 | Lanier et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5109509 | Katayama et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5111423 | Kopec, Jr. et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5119079 | Hube et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5122951 | Kamiya | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5123103 | Ohtaki et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5125022 | Hunt et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5125030 | Nomura et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127043 | Hunt et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127053 | Koch | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127055 | Larkey | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5128672 | Kaehler | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5133011 | McKiel, Jr. | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5133023 | Bokser | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5142584 | Ozawa | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5144875 | Nakada | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5148541 | Lee et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5153913 | Kandefer et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5157610 | Asano et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5157779 | Washburn et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5161102 | Griffin et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5164900 | Bernath | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5164982 | Davis | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5165007 | Bahl et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5167004 | Netsch et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5175536 | Aschliman et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5175803 | Yeh | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5175814 | Anick et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5179627 | Sweet et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5179652 | Rozmanith et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5194950 | Murakami et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5195034 | Garneau et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5195167 | Bahl et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5197005 | Shwartz et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5199077 | Wilcox et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5201034 | Matsuura et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5202952 | Gillick et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5208862 | Ozawa | May 1993 | A |
| 5210689 | Baker et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5212638 | Bernath | May 1993 | A |
| 5212821 | Gorin et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5216747 | Hardwick et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5218700 | Beechick | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5220629 | Kosaka et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5220639 | Lee | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5220657 | Bly et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5222146 | Bahl et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5230036 | Akamine et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5231670 | Goldhor et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5235680 | Bijnagte | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5237502 | White et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5241619 | Schwartz et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5252951 | Tannenbaum et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5253325 | Clark | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5257387 | Richek et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5260697 | Barrett et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5266931 | Tanaka | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5266949 | Rossi | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5267345 | Brown et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5268990 | Cohen et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5274771 | Hamilton et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5274818 | Vasilevsky et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5276616 | Kuga et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5276794 | Lamb, Jr. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5278980 | Pedersen et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5282265 | Rohra Suda et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5283818 | Klausner et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5287448 | Nicol et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5289562 | Mizuta et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| RE34562 | Murakami et al. | Mar 1994 | E |
| 5291286 | Murakami et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5293254 | Eschbach | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5293448 | Honda | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5293452 | Picone et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5296642 | Konishi | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5297170 | Eyuboglu et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5297194 | Hunt et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5299125 | Baker et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5299284 | Roy | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5301109 | Landauer et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5303406 | Hansen et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5305205 | Weber et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5305768 | Gross et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5309359 | Katz et al. | May 1994 | A |
| 5315689 | Kanazawa et al. | May 1994 | A |
| 5317507 | Gallant | May 1994 | A |
| 5317647 | Pagallo | May 1994 | A |
| 5325297 | Bird et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5325298 | Gallant | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5325462 | Farrett | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5326270 | Ostby et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5327342 | Roy | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5327498 | Hamon | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5329608 | Bocchieri et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5333236 | Bahl et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5333266 | Boaz et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5333275 | Wheatley et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5335011 | Addeo et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5335276 | Thompson et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5341293 | Vertelney et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5341466 | Perlin et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5345536 | Hoshimi et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5349645 | Zhao | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5353374 | Wilson et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5353376 | Oh et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5353377 | Kuroda et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5353408 | Kato et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5353432 | Richek et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5357431 | Nakada et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5367640 | Hamilton et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5369575 | Lamberti et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5369577 | Kadashevich et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5371853 | Kao et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5371901 | Reed et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5373566 | Murdock | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5377103 | Lamberti et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5377301 | Rosenberg et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5377303 | Firman | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5384671 | Fisher | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5384892 | Strong | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5384893 | Hutchins | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5386494 | White | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5386556 | Hedin et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5390236 | Klausner et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5390279 | Strong | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5390281 | Luciw et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5392419 | Walton | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5396625 | Parkes | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5400434 | Pearson | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5404295 | Katz et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5406305 | Shimomura et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5408060 | Muurinen | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5412756 | Bauman et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5412804 | Krishna | May 1995 | A |
| 5412806 | Du et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5418951 | Damashek | May 1995 | A |
| 5422656 | Allard et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5424947 | Nagao et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5425108 | Hwang et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5428731 | Powers, III | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5434777 | Luciw | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5440615 | Caccuro et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5442598 | Haikawa et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5442780 | Takanashi et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5444823 | Nguyen | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5449368 | Kuzmak | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5450523 | Zhao | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5455888 | Iyengar et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5457768 | Tsuboi et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5459488 | Geiser | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463696 | Beernink et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463725 | Henckel et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5465401 | Thompson | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5469529 | Bimbot et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5471611 | McGregor | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5473728 | Luginbuhl et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5475587 | Anick et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5475796 | Iwata | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5477447 | Luciw et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5477448 | Golding et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5477451 | Brown et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5479488 | Lenning et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5481739 | Staats | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5483261 | Yasutake | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5485372 | Golding et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5485543 | Aso | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5488204 | Mead et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5488727 | Agrawal et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5490234 | Narayan | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5491758 | Bellegarda et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5491772 | Hardwick et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5493677 | Balogh | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5495604 | Harding et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5497319 | Chong et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5500903 | Gulli | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5500905 | Martin et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5500937 | Thompson-Rohrlich | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5502774 | Bellegarda et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5502790 | Yi | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5502791 | Nishimura et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5515475 | Gupta et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5521816 | Roche et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5524140 | Klausner et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5533182 | Bates et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5535121 | Roche et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5536902 | Serra et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5537317 | Schabes et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5537618 | Boulton et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5537647 | Hermansky et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5543588 | Bisset et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5543897 | Altrieth, III | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5544264 | Bellegarda et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5548507 | Martino et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5555343 | Luther | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5555344 | Zunkler | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5559301 | Bryan, Jr. et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5559945 | Beaudet et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5564446 | Wiltshire | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5565888 | Selker | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5568536 | Tiller et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5568540 | Greco et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5570324 | Geil | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5572576 | Klausner et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5574823 | Hassanein et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5574824 | Slyh et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5577135 | Grajski et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5577164 | Kaneko et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5577241 | Spencer | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5578808 | Taylor | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579037 | Tahara et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579436 | Chou et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5581484 | Prince | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5581652 | Abe et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5581655 | Cohen et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5583993 | Foster et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584024 | Shwartz | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5594641 | Kaplan et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5596260 | Moravec et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5596676 | Swaminathan et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5596994 | Bro | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5608624 | Luciw | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5608698 | Yamanoi et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5608841 | Tsuboka | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5610812 | Schabes et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5613036 | Strong | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5613122 | Burnard et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5615378 | Nishino et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5615384 | Allard et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5616876 | Cluts | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5617386 | Choi | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5617507 | Lee et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5617539 | Ludwig et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5619583 | Page et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5619694 | Shimazu | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5621859 | Schwartz et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5621903 | Luciw et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5627939 | Huang et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5634084 | Malsheen et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5636325 | Farrett | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5638425 | Meador, III et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5638489 | Tsuboka | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5638523 | Mullet et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5640487 | Lau et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5642464 | Yue et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5642466 | Narayan | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5642519 | Martin | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5644656 | Akra et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5644727 | Atkins | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5644735 | Luciw et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5649060 | Ellozy et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5652828 | Silverman | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5652884 | Palevich | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5652897 | Linebarger et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5661787 | Pocock | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5664055 | Kroon | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5670985 | Cappels, Sr. et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5675819 | Schuetze | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5682475 | Johnson et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5682539 | Conrad et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5684513 | Decker | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5687077 | Gough, Jr. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5687136 | Borenstein | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5689287 | Mackinlay et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5689618 | Gasper et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5692205 | Berry et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5696962 | Kupiec | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5699082 | Marks et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5701400 | Amado | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5706442 | Anderson et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5708659 | Rostoker et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5708822 | Wical | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5710886 | Christensen et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5710922 | Alley et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5712949 | Kato et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5712957 | Waibel et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5715468 | Budzinski | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5717877 | Orton et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5721827 | Logan et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5721949 | Smith et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5724406 | Juster | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5724985 | Snell et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5726672 | Hernandez et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5727950 | Cook et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5729694 | Holzrichter et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5729704 | Stone et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5732216 | Logan et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5732390 | Katayanagi et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5732395 | Silverman | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5734750 | Arai et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5734791 | Acero et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5736974 | Selker | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5737487 | Bellegarda et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5737734 | Schultz | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5739451 | Winksy et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5740143 | Suetomi | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5742705 | Parthasarathy | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5742736 | Haddock | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745116 | Pisutha-Arnond | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745873 | Braida et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5748512 | Vargas | May 1998 | A |
| 5748974 | Johnson | May 1998 | A |
| 5749071 | Silverman | May 1998 | A |
| 5749081 | Whiteis | May 1998 | A |
| 5751906 | Silverman | May 1998 | A |
| 5757358 | Osga | May 1998 | A |
| 5757979 | Hongo et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5758079 | Ludwig et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5758083 | Singh et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5758314 | McKenna | May 1998 | A |
| 5759101 | Von Kohorn | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5761640 | Kalyanswamy et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5765131 | Stentiford et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5765168 | Burrows | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5771276 | Wolf | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5774834 | Visser | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5774855 | Foti et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5774859 | Houser et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5777614 | Ando et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5778405 | Ogawa | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5790978 | Olive et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794050 | Dahlgren et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794182 | Manduchi et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794207 | Walker et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794237 | Gore, Jr. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5797008 | Burrows | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5799268 | Boguraev | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5799269 | Schabes et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5799276 | Komissarchik et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5801692 | Muzio et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5802466 | Gallant et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5802526 | Fawcett et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5812697 | Sakai et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5812698 | Platt et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5815142 | Allard et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5815225 | Nelson | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5818142 | Edleblute et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5818451 | Bertram et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5818924 | King et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5822288 | Shinada | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5822720 | Bookman et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5822730 | Roth et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5822743 | Gupta et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825349 | Meier et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825352 | Bisset et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825881 | Colvin, Sr. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5826261 | Spencer | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5828768 | Eatwell et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5828999 | Bellegarda et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5832433 | Yashchin et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5832435 | Silverman | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5833134 | Ho et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835077 | Dao et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835079 | Shieh | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835721 | Donahue et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835732 | Kikinis et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835893 | Ushioda | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5839106 | Bellegarda | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841902 | Tu | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5842165 | Raman et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5845255 | Mayaud | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5848410 | Walls et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850480 | Scanlon | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850629 | Holm et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5854893 | Ludwig et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5855000 | Waibel et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5857184 | Lynch | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5859636 | Pandit | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5860063 | Gorin et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5860064 | Henton | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5860075 | Hashizume et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5862223 | Walker et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5862233 | Walker et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864806 | Mokbel et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864815 | Rozak et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864844 | James et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864855 | Ruocco et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864868 | Contois | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5867799 | Lang et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5870710 | Ozawa et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5873056 | Liddy et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5875427 | Yamazaki | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5875429 | Douglas | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5875437 | Atkins | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5876396 | Lo et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5877751 | Kanemitsu et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5877757 | Baldwin et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5878393 | Hata et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5878394 | Muhling | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5878396 | Henton | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5880411 | Gillespie et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5880731 | Liles et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5884039 | Ludwig et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5884323 | Hawkins et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5890117 | Silverman | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5890122 | Van et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5891180 | Greeninger et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5893126 | Drews et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5893132 | Huffman et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5895448 | Vysotsky et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5895464 | Bhandari et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5895466 | Goldberg et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5896321 | Miller et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5896500 | Ludwig et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5898933 | Kaschke | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5899972 | Miyazawa et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5905498 | Diament et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5909666 | Gould et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5912951 | Checchio et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5912952 | Brendzel | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5913193 | Huang et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5915001 | Uppaluru et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5915236 | Gould et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5915238 | Tjaden | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5915249 | Spencer | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5917487 | Ulrich | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5918303 | Yamaura et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5920327 | Seidensticker, Jr. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5920836 | Gould et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5920837 | Gould et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5923757 | Hocker et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5924068 | Richard et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5926769 | Valimaa et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5926789 | Barbara et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5930408 | Seto | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5930751 | Cohrs et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5930754 | Karaali et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5930769 | Rose | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5930783 | Li et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5933477 | Wu | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5933806 | Beyerlein et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5933822 | Braden-Harder et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5936926 | Yokouchi et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5937163 | Lee et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5940811 | Norris | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5940841 | Schmuck et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5941944 | Messerly | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943043 | Furuhata et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943049 | Matsubara et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943052 | Allen et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943429 | Haendel et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943443 | Itonori et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943670 | Prager | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5946647 | Miller et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5948040 | DeLorme et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5949961 | Sharman | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5950123 | Schwelb et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5952992 | Helms | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5953541 | King et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956021 | Kubota et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956699 | Wong et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5960394 | Gould et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5960422 | Prasad | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5963208 | Dolan et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5963924 | Williams et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5963964 | Nielsen | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5966126 | Szabo | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5970446 | Goldberg et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5970474 | LeRoy et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5973676 | Kawakura | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5974146 | Randle et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5977950 | Rhyne | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982352 | Pryor | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982891 | Ginter et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982902 | Terano | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5983179 | Gould et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5983216 | Kirsch et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987132 | Rowney | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987140 | Rowney et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987401 | Trudeau | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987404 | Della Pietra et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987415 | Breese et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987440 | O'Neil et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5990887 | Redpath et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5991441 | Jourjine | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995460 | Takagi et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995590 | Brunet et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5998972 | Gong | Dec 1999 | A |
| 5999169 | Lee | Dec 1999 | A |
| 5999895 | Forest | Dec 1999 | A |
| 5999908 | Abelow | Dec 1999 | A |
| 5999927 | Tukey et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6006274 | Hawkins et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6009237 | Hirabayashi et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6011585 | Anderson | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6014428 | Wolf | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6016471 | Kuhn et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6018705 | Gaudet | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6018711 | French-St. George et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6020881 | Naughton et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023536 | Visser | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023676 | Erell | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023684 | Pearson | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024288 | Gottlich et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6026345 | Shah et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6026375 | Hall et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6026388 | Liddy et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6026393 | Gupta et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6029132 | Kuhn et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6029135 | Krasle | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6035267 | Watanabe et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6035303 | Baer et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6035336 | Lu et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6038533 | Buchsbaum et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6040824 | Maekawa et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6041023 | Lakhansingh | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6047255 | Williamson | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6052654 | Gaudet et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6052656 | Suda et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6054990 | Tran | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6055514 | Wren | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6055531 | Bennett et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6064767 | Muir et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6064959 | Young et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6064960 | Bellegarda et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6064963 | Gainsboro | May 2000 | A |
| 6067519 | Lowry | May 2000 | A |
| 6069648 | Suso et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6070138 | Iwata | May 2000 | A |
| 6070139 | Miyazawa et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6070140 | Tran | May 2000 | A |
| 6070147 | Harms et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6073033 | Campo | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6073036 | Heikkinen et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6073097 | Gould et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6076051 | Messerly et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6076060 | Lin et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6076088 | Paik et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6078914 | Redfern | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6081750 | Hoffberg et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6081774 | de Hita et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6081780 | Lumelsky | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6094649 | Bowen et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6085204 | Chijiwa et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6088671 | Gould et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6088731 | Kiraly et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6092043 | Squires et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6097391 | Wilcox | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6101468 | Gould et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6101470 | Eide et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6105865 | Hardesty | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6108627 | Sabourin | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6108640 | Slotznick | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6111562 | Downs et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6111572 | Blair et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6116907 | Baker et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6119101 | Peckover | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6121960 | Carroll et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122340 | Darley et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122614 | Kahn et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122616 | Henton | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122647 | Horowitz et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6125284 | Moore et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6125346 | Nishimura et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6125356 | Brockman et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6129582 | Wilhite et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6138098 | Shieber et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6138158 | Boyle et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6141642 | Oh | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6141644 | Kuhn et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6144377 | Oppermann et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6144380 | Shwarts et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6144938 | Surace et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6144939 | Pearson et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6151401 | Annaratone | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154551 | Frenkel | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154720 | Onishi et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6157935 | Tran et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6161084 | Messerly et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6161087 | Wightman et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6161944 | Leman | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6163769 | Acero et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6163809 | Buckley | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6167369 | Schulze | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6169538 | Nowlan et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6172948 | Keller et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173194 | Vanttila | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173251 | Ito et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173261 | Arai et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173263 | Conkie | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173279 | Levin et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6177905 | Welch | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6177931 | Alexander et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179432 | Zhang et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6182028 | Karaali et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6185533 | Holm et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6188391 | Seely et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6188999 | Moody | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6191939 | Burnett | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6192253 | Charlier et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6192340 | Abecassis | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6195641 | Loring et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6205456 | Nakao | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208044 | Viswanadham et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208932 | Ohmura et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208956 | Motoyama | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208964 | Sabourin | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208967 | Pauws et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208971 | Bellegarda et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6212564 | Harter et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6216102 | Martino et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6216131 | Liu et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6217183 | Shipman | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6222347 | Gong | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6226403 | Parthasarathy | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6226533 | Akahane | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6226614 | Mizuno et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6226655 | Borman et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6230322 | Saib et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6232539 | Looney et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6232966 | Kurlander | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233545 | Datig | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233547 | Denber et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233559 | Balakrishnan | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233578 | Machihara et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237025 | Ludwig et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6240303 | Katzur | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6243681 | Guji et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6246981 | Papineni et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6248946 | Dwek | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6249606 | Kiraly et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6259436 | Moon et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6259826 | Pollard et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6260011 | Heckerman et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6260013 | Sejnoha | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6260016 | Holm et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6260024 | Shkedy | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6266637 | Donovan et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6268859 | Andresen et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6269712 | Zentmyer | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6271835 | Hoeksma | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6272456 | De Campos | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6272464 | Kiraz et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6275795 | Tzirkel-Hancock | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6275824 | O'Flaherty et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6278443 | Amro et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6278970 | Milner | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6282507 | Horiguchi et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6285785 | Bellegarda et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6285786 | Seni et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6289085 | Miyashita et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6289124 | Okamoto | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6289301 | Higginbotham et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6289353 | Hazlehurst et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6292772 | Kantrowitz | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6292778 | Sukkar | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6295390 | Kobayashi et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6295541 | Bodnar et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6297818 | Ulrich et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6298314 | Blackadar et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6298321 | Karlov et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6300947 | Kanevsky | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6304844 | Pan et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6304846 | George et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6307548 | Flinchem et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6308149 | Gaussier et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6310610 | Beaton et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6311157 | Strong | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6311189 | deVries et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6317237 | Nakao et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6317594 | Gossman et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6317707 | Bangalore et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6317831 | King | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6321092 | Fitch et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6321179 | Glance et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6323846 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6324502 | Handel et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6324512 | Junqua et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6330538 | Breen | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6331867 | Eberhard et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6332175 | Birrell et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6334103 | Surace et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6335722 | Tani et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6336365 | Blackadar et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6336727 | Kim | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6340937 | Stepita-Klauco | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6341316 | Kloba et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6343267 | Kuhn et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6345250 | Martin | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6351522 | Vitikainen | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6351762 | Ludwig et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6353442 | Masui | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6353794 | Davis et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6356210 | Ellis | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6356287 | Ruberry et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6356854 | Schubert et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6356864 | Foltz et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6356905 | Gershman et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6357147 | Dailey et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6359572 | Vale | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6359970 | Burgess | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6360227 | Aggarwal et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6360237 | Schulz et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6363348 | Besling et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6366883 | Campbell et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6366884 | Belllegarda et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6374217 | Bellegarda | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6377530 | Burrows | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6377925 | Greene, Jr. et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6377928 | Saxena et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6381593 | Yano et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6385586 | Dietz | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6385662 | Moon et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6389114 | Dowens et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6397183 | Baba et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6397186 | Bush et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6400806 | Uppaluru | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6401065 | Kanevsky et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6405169 | Kondo et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6405238 | Votipka | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6408272 | White et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6411924 | De Hita et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6411932 | Molnar et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6415250 | Van Den Akker | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6417873 | Fletcher et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421305 | Gioscia et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421672 | McAllister et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421707 | Miller et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6424944 | Hikawa | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6430551 | Thelen et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6434522 | Tsuboka | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6434524 | Weber | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6434604 | Harada et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6437818 | Ludwig et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6438523 | Oberteuffer et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6442518 | Van Thong et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6442523 | Siegel | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6446076 | Burkey et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6448485 | Barile | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6448986 | Smith | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6449620 | Draper et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6453281 | Walters et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6453292 | Ramaswamy et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6453315 | Weissman et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6456616 | Rantanen | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6456972 | Gladstein et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6460015 | Hetherington et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6460029 | Fries et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6462778 | Abram et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6463128 | Elwin | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6466654 | Cooper et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6467924 | Shipman | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6469712 | Hilpert, Jr. et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6469722 | Kinoe et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6469732 | Chang et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6470347 | Gillam | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6473630 | Baranowski et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6477488 | Bellegarda | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6477494 | Hyde-Thomson et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6487533 | Hyde-Thomson et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6487534 | Thelen et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6487663 | Jaisimha et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6489951 | Wong et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6490560 | Ramaswamy et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6493006 | Gourdol et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6493428 | Hillier | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6493652 | Ohlenbusch et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6493667 | De Souza et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6499013 | Weber | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6499014 | Chihara | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6499016 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6501937 | Ho et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6502022 | Chastain et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6502194 | Berman et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6505158 | Conkie | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6505175 | Silverman et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6505183 | Loofbourrow et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6510406 | Marchisio | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6510412 | Sasai et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6510417 | Woods et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6513006 | Howard et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6513008 | Pearson et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6513063 | Julia et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6519565 | Clements et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6519566 | Boyer et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523026 | Gillis | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523061 | Halverson et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523172 | Martinez-Guerra et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6526351 | Whitham | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6526382 | Yuschik | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6526395 | Morris | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6529592 | Khan | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6529608 | Gersabeck et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6532444 | Weber | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6532446 | King | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6535610 | Stewart | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6535852 | Eide | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6535983 | McCormack et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6536139 | Darley et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6538665 | Crow et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6542171 | Satou et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6542584 | Sherwood et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6546262 | Freadman | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6546367 | Otsuka | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6546388 | Edlund et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6549497 | Miyamoto et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6553343 | Kagoshima et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6553344 | Bellegarda et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6556971 | Rigsby et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6556983 | Altschuler et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6560903 | Darley | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6563769 | Van Der Meulen | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6564186 | Kiraly et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6567549 | Marianetti et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6570557 | Westerman et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6570596 | Frederiksen | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6582342 | Kaufman | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6583806 | Ludwig et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6584464 | Warthen | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6587403 | Keller et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6587404 | Keller et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6590303 | Austin et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6591379 | LeVine et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6594673 | Smith et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6594688 | Ludwig et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6597345 | Hirshberg | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6598021 | Shambaugh et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6598022 | Yuschik | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6598039 | Livowsky | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6598054 | Schuetze et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6601026 | Appelt et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6601234 | Bowman-Amuah | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6603837 | Kesanupalli et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6604059 | Strubbe et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6606101 | Malamud et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6606388 | Townsend et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6606632 | Saulpaugh et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6611789 | Darley | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6615172 | Bennett et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6615175 | Gazdzinski | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6615176 | Lewis et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6615220 | Austin et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6621768 | Keller et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6621892 | Banister et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6622121 | Crepy et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6622136 | Russell | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6623529 | Lakritz | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6625583 | Silverman et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6628808 | Bach et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6631186 | Adams et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6631346 | Karaorman et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6633741 | Posa et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6633846 | Bennett et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6633932 | Bork et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6642940 | Dakss et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6643401 | Kashioka et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6643824 | Bates et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6647260 | Dusse et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6650735 | Burton et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6651042 | Field et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6651218 | Adler et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6654740 | Tokuda et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6658389 | Alpdemir | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6658408 | Yano et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6658577 | Huppi et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6662023 | Helle | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6665639 | Mozer et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6665640 | Bennett et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6665641 | Coorman et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6671672 | Heck | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6671683 | Kanno | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6671856 | Gillam | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6675169 | Bennett et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6675233 | Du et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6677932 | Westerman | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6680675 | Suzuki | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6684187 | Conkie | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6684376 | Kerzman et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6690387 | Zimmerman et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6690800 | Resnick | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6690828 | Meyers | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6690956 | Chua et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6691064 | Vroman | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6691090 | Laurila et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6691111 | Lazaridis et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6691151 | Cheyer et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6694295 | Lindholm et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6694297 | Sato | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6697780 | Beutnagel et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6697824 | Bowman-Amuah | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6701294 | Ball et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6701305 | Holt et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6701318 | Fox et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6704015 | Bovarnick et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6704034 | Rodriguez et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6704698 | Paulsen, Jr. et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6704710 | Strong | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6708153 | Brittan et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6711585 | Copperman et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6714221 | Christie et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6716139 | Hosseinzadeh-Dolkhani et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6718324 | Edlund et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6718331 | Davis et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6720980 | Lui et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6721706 | Strubbe et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6721728 | McGreevy | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6721734 | Subasic et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6724370 | Dutta et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6725197 | Wuppermann et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6728675 | Maddalozzo, Jr. et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6728681 | Whitham | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6728729 | Jawa et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6731312 | Robbin | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6732142 | Bates et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6735632 | Kiraly et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6738738 | Henton | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6741264 | Lesser | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6742021 | Halverson et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6751296 | Albal et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6751592 | Shiga | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6751595 | Busayapongchai et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6751621 | Calistri-Yeh et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6754504 | Reed | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6757362 | Cooper et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6757365 | Bogard | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6757646 | Marchisio | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6757653 | Buth et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6757718 | Halverson et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6760412 | Loucks | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6760700 | Lewis et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6760754 | Isaacs et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6762741 | Weindorf | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6762777 | Carroll | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6763089 | Feigenbaum | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6766294 | MacGinite et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6766320 | Want et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6766324 | Carlson et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6768979 | Menendez-Pidal et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6772123 | Cooklev et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6772195 | Hatlelid et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6772394 | Kamada | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6775358 | Breitenbach et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6778951 | Contractor | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6778952 | Bellegarda | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6778962 | Kasai et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6778970 | Au | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6778979 | Grefenstette et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6782510 | Gross et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6784901 | Harvey et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6789094 | Rudoff et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6789231 | Reynar et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6790704 | Doyle et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6792082 | Levine | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6792086 | Saylor et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6792407 | Kibre et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6794566 | Pachet | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6795059 | Endo | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6799226 | Robbin et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6801604 | Maes et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6801964 | Mahdavi | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6803905 | Capps et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6804649 | Miranda | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6804677 | Shadmon et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6807536 | Achlioptas et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6807574 | Partovi et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6810379 | Vermeulen et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6813218 | Antonelli et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6813491 | McKinney | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6813607 | Faruquie et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6816578 | Kredo et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6820055 | Saindon et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6829018 | Lin et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6829603 | Chai et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6832194 | Mozer et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6832381 | Mathur et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6836651 | Segal et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6836760 | Bellegarda et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6839464 | Hawkins et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6839669 | Gould et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6839670 | Stammler et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6839742 | Dyer et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6842767 | Partovi et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6847966 | Sommer et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6847979 | Allemang et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6850775 | Berg | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6850887 | Epstein et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6851115 | Cheyer et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6856259 | Sharp | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6857800 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6859931 | Cheyer et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6862568 | Case | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6862710 | Marchisio | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6865533 | Addison et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6868045 | Schroder | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6868385 | Gerson | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6870529 | Davis | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6871346 | Kumbalimutt et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6873986 | McConnell et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6876947 | Dailey et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6877003 | Ho et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6879957 | Pechter et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6882335 | Saarinen | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6882337 | Shetter | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6882747 | Thawonmas et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6882955 | Ohlenbusch et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6882971 | Craner | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6885734 | Eberle et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6889361 | Bates et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6895084 | Saylor et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6895257 | Boman et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6895380 | Sepe, Jr. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6895558 | Loveland | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6898550 | Blackadar et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6901364 | Nguyen et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6901399 | Corston et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6904405 | Suominen | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6907112 | Guedalia et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6907140 | Matsugu et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6910004 | Tarbouriech et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6910007 | Stylianou et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6910186 | Kim | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6911971 | Suzuki et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6912407 | Clarke et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6912498 | Stevens et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6912499 | Sabourin et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6915138 | Kraft | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6915246 | Gusler et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6917373 | Vong et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6918677 | Shipman | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6924828 | Hirsch | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6925438 | Mohamed et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6928149 | Panjwani et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6928614 | Everhart | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6931255 | Mekuria | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6931384 | Horvitz et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6932708 | Yamashita et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6934394 | Anderson | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6934684 | Alpdemir et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6934756 | Maes | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6934812 | Robbin et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6937975 | Elworthy | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6937986 | Denenberg et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6944593 | Kuzunuki et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6948094 | Schultz et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6950087 | Knox et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6950502 | Jenkins | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6952799 | Edwards et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6954755 | Reisman | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6954899 | Anderson | Oct 2005 | B1 |
| 6956845 | Baker et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6957076 | Hunzinger | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6957183 | Malayath et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6960734 | Park | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6961699 | Kahn et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6961912 | Aoki et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6963759 | Gerson | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6963841 | Handal et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6964023 | Maes et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6965376 | Tani et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6965863 | Zuberec et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6968311 | Knockeart et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6970820 | Junqua et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6970881 | Mohan et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6970915 | Partovi et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6970935 | Maes | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6976090 | Ben-Shaul et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6978127 | Bulthuis et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6978239 | Chu et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6980949 | Ford | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6980955 | Okutani et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6983251 | Umemoto et al. | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 6985858 | Frey et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6985865 | Packingham et al. | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 6988071 | Gazdzinski | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 6990450 | Case et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6996520 | Levin | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6996531 | Korall et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6996575 | Cox et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6999066 | Litwiller | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6999914 | Boerner et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 6999925 | Fischer et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6999927 | Mozer et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7000189 | Dutta et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7002556 | Tsukada et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7003099 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7003463 | Maes et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7003522 | Reynar et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7006969 | Atal | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7006973 | Genly | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7007239 | Hawkins et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7010581 | Brown et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7013289 | Horn et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7013308 | Tunstall-Pedoe | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7013429 | Fujimoto et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7015894 | Morohoshi | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7020685 | Chen et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7023979 | Wu et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7024363 | Comerford et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7024364 | Guerra et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7024366 | Deyoe et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7024460 | Koopmas et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7027568 | Simpson et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7027974 | Busch et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7027990 | Sussman | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7028252 | Baru et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7030861 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7031530 | Driggs et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7031909 | Mao et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7035794 | Sirivara | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7035801 | Jimenez-Feltstrom | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7035807 | Brittain et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7036128 | Julia et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7038659 | Rajkowski | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7039588 | Okutani et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7043420 | Ratnaparkhi | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7043422 | Gao et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7046230 | Zadesky et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7046850 | Braspenning et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7047193 | Bellegarda | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7050550 | Steinbiss et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7050976 | Packingham | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7050977 | Bennett | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7051096 | Krawiec et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7054419 | Culliss | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7054888 | LaChapelle et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7057607 | Mayoraz et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7058569 | Coorman et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7058888 | Gjerstad et al. | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7058889 | Trovato et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7062223 | Gerber et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7062225 | White | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7062428 | Hogenhout et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7062438 | Kobayashi et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7065185 | Koch | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7065485 | Chong-White et al. | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7069213 | Thompson | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7069220 | Coffman et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7069560 | Cheyer et al. | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7072686 | Schrager | Jul 2006 | B1 |
| 7072941 | Griffin et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7076527 | Bellegarda et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7079713 | Simmons | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7082322 | Harano | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7084758 | Cole | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7084856 | Huppi | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7085723 | Ross et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7085960 | Bouat et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7088345 | Robinson et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7089292 | Roderick et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7092370 | Jiang et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7092887 | Mozer et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7092928 | Elad et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7092950 | Wong et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7093693 | Gazdzinski | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7095733 | Yarlagadda et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7096183 | Junqua | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7100117 | Chwa et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7103548 | Squibbs et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7107204 | Liu et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7111248 | Mulvey et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7111774 | Song | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7113803 | Dehlin | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7113943 | Bradford et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7115035 | Tanaka | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7117231 | Fischer et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7123696 | Lowe | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7124081 | Bellegarda | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7124082 | Freedman | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7124164 | Chemtob | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7127046 | Smith et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7127396 | Chu et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7127403 | Saylor et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7133900 | Szeto | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7136710 | Hoffberg et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7136818 | Cosatto et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7137126 | Coffman et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7139697 | Häkkinen et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7139714 | Bennett et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7139722 | Perrella et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7143028 | Hillis et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7143038 | Katae | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7143040 | Durston et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7146319 | Hunt | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7146437 | Robbin et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7149319 | Roeck | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7149695 | Bellegarda | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7149964 | Cottrille et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7152070 | Musick et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7152093 | Ludwig et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7154526 | Foote et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7155668 | Holland et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7158647 | Azima et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7159174 | Johnson et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7162412 | Yamada et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7162482 | Dunning | Jan 2007 | B1 |
| 7165073 | Vandersluis | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7166791 | Robbin et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7171360 | Huang et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7174042 | Simmons et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7174295 | Kivimaki | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7174297 | Guerra et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7174298 | Sharma | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7177794 | Mani et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7177798 | Hsu et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7177817 | Khosla et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7181386 | Mohri et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7181388 | Tian | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7184064 | Zimmerman et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7185276 | Keswa | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7188085 | Pelletier | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7190351 | Goren | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7190794 | Hinde | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7191118 | Bellegarda | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7191131 | Nagao | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7193615 | Kim et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194186 | Strub et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7194413 | Mahoney et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194471 | Nagatsuka et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7194611 | Bear et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194699 | Thomson et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7197120 | Luehrig et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7197460 | Gupta et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7200550 | Menezes et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7200558 | Kato et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7200559 | Wang | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7203646 | Bennett | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7206809 | Ludwig et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7212964 | Alshawi et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7216008 | Sakata | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7216073 | Lavi et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7216080 | Tsiao et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7218920 | Hyon | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7218943 | Klassen et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7219063 | Schalk et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7219123 | Fiechter et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7225125 | Bennett et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7228278 | Nguyen et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7231343 | Treadgold et al. | Jun 2007 | B1 |
| 7231597 | Braun et al. | Jun 2007 | B1 |
| 7233790 | Kjellberg et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7233904 | Luisi | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7234026 | Robbin et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7236932 | Grajski | Jun 2007 | B1 |
| 7240002 | Minamino et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7243130 | Horvitz et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7243305 | Schabes et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7246118 | Chastain et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7246151 | Isaacs et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7251454 | White | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7254773 | Bates et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7259752 | Simmons | Aug 2007 | B1 |
| 7260529 | Lengen | Aug 2007 | B1 |
| 7260567 | Parikh et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7263373 | Mattisson | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7266189 | Day | Sep 2007 | B1 |
| 7266495 | Beaufays et al. | Sep 2007 | B1 |
| 7266496 | Wang et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7266499 | Surace et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7269544 | Simske | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7269556 | Kiss et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7272224 | Normile et al. | Sep 2007 | B1 |
| 7275063 | Horn | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7277088 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7277854 | Bennett et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7277855 | Acker et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
| 7280958 | Pavlov et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7283072 | Plachta et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
| 7289102 | Hinckley et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7290039 | Lisitsa et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
| 7292579 | Morris | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7292979 | Karas et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7296230 | Fukatsu et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7299033 | Kjellberg et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7302392 | Thenthiruperai et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7302394 | Baray et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7302686 | Togawa | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7308404 | Venkataraman et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7308408 | Stifelman et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7310329 | Vieri et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7310600 | Garner et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7310605 | Janakiraman et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7313523 | Bellegarda et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7315809 | Xun | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7315818 | Stevens et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7319957 | Robinson et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7321783 | Kim | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7322023 | Shulman et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7324833 | White et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7324947 | Jordan et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7328155 | Endo et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7345670 | Armstrong | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7345671 | Robbin et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7349953 | Lisitsa et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7353139 | Burrell et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7359493 | Wang et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7359671 | Richenstein et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7359851 | Tong et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7360158 | Beeman | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7362738 | Taube et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7363227 | Mapes-Riordan et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7365260 | Kawashima | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7366461 | Brown | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7373612 | Risch et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7376556 | Bennett | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7376632 | Sadek et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
| 7376645 | Bernard | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7378963 | Begault et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
| 7379874 | Schmid et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7380203 | Keely et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7383170 | Mills et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7386438 | Franz et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7386449 | Sun et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7386799 | Clanton et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7389224 | Elworthy | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7389225 | Jensen et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7392185 | Bennett | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7394947 | Li et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7398209 | Kennewick et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7401300 | Nurmi | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7403938 | Harrison et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7403941 | Bedworth et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7404143 | Freelander et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7409337 | Potter et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7409347 | Bellegarda | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7412389 | Yang | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7412470 | Masuno et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7415100 | Cooper et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7418382 | Maes et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7418389 | Chu et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7418392 | Mozer et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7426467 | Nashida et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7426468 | Coifman et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7427024 | Gazdzinski et al. | Sep 2008 | B1 |
| 7428541 | Houle | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7433869 | Gollapudi | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7433921 | Ludwig et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7441184 | Frerebeau et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7443316 | Lim | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7444589 | Zellner | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7447360 | Li et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7447635 | Konopka et al. | Nov 2008 | B1 |
| 7447637 | Grant et al. | Nov 2008 | B1 |
| 7451081 | Gajic et al. | Nov 2008 | B1 |
| 7454351 | Jeschke et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7460652 | Chang | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7467087 | Gillick et al. | Dec 2008 | B1 |
| 7467164 | Marsh | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7472061 | Alewine et al. | Dec 2008 | B1 |
| 7472065 | Aaron et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7475010 | Chao | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7475063 | Datta et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7477238 | Fux et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7477240 | Yanagisawa | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7478037 | Strong | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7478091 | Mojsilovic et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7478129 | Chemtob | Jan 2009 | B1 |
| 7479948 | Kim et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7479949 | Jobs et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483832 | Tischer | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483894 | Cao | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7487089 | Mozer | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7487093 | Mutsuno et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7490034 | Finnigan et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7490039 | Shaffer et al. | Feb 2009 | B1 |
| 7493560 | Kipnes et al. | Feb 2009 | B1 |
| 7496498 | Chu et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7496512 | Zhao et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7499923 | Kawatani | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7502738 | Kennewick et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7505795 | Lim et al. | Mar 2009 | B1 |
| 7508324 | Suraqui | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7508373 | Lin et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7516123 | Betz et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7519327 | White | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7522927 | Fitch et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7523036 | Akabane et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7523108 | Cao | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7526466 | Au | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7526738 | Ording et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7528713 | Singh et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7529671 | Rockenbeck et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7529676 | Koyama | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7535997 | McQuaide, Jr. et al. | May 2009 | B1 |
| 7536029 | Choi et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7536565 | Girish et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7538685 | Cooper et al. | May 2009 | B1 |
| 7539619 | Seligman et al. | May 2009 | B1 |
| 7539656 | Fratkina et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7541940 | Upton | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7542967 | Hurst-Hiller et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7543232 | Easton, Jr. et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7546382 | Healey et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7546529 | Reynar et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7548895 | Pulsipher | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7552045 | Barliga et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7552055 | Lecoeuche | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7555431 | Bennett | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7555496 | Lantrip et al. | Jun 2009 | B1 |
| 7558381 | Ali et al. | Jul 2009 | B1 |
| 7558730 | Davis et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7559026 | Girish et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7561069 | Horstemeyer | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7562007 | Hwang | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7562032 | Abbosh et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7565104 | Brown et al. | Jul 2009 | B1 |
| 7565380 | Venkatachary | Jul 2009 | B1 |
| 7567861 | Inagaki | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7571106 | Cao et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7577522 | Rosenberg | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7580551 | Srihari et al. | Aug 2009 | B1 |
| 7580576 | Wang et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7580839 | Tamura et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7584092 | Brockeit et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7584093 | Potter et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7584278 | Rajarajan et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7584429 | Fabritius | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7593868 | Margiloff et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596269 | King et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596499 | Anguera et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596606 | Codignotto | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596765 | Almas | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7599918 | Shen et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7603381 | Burke et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7609179 | Diaz-Gutierrez et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7610258 | Yuknewicz et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7613264 | Wells et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7614008 | Ording | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7617094 | Aoki et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7620407 | Donald et al. | Nov 2009 | B1 |
| 7620549 | Di Cristo et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7623119 | Autio et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7624007 | Bennett | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7627481 | Kuo et al. | Dec 2009 | B1 |
| 7630901 | Omi | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7633076 | Huppi et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7634409 | Kennewick et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7634413 | Kuo et al. | Dec 2009 | B1 |
| 7634718 | Nakajima | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7634732 | Blagsvedt et al. | Dec 2009 | B1 |
| 7636657 | Ju et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7640158 | Detlef et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7640160 | Di Cristo et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7643990 | Bellegarda | Jan 2010 | B1 |
| 7647225 | Bennett et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7649454 | Singh et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7649877 | Vieri et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7653883 | Hotelling et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7656393 | King et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7657424 | Bennett | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7657844 | Gibson et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7657849 | Chaudhri et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7663607 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7664558 | Lindahl et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7664638 | Cooper et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7669134 | Christie et al. | Feb 2010 | B1 |
| 7672841 | Bennett | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7672952 | Isaacson et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7673238 | Girish et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7673340 | Cohen et al. | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| 7676026 | Baxter, Jr. | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| 7676365 | Hwang et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7676463 | Thompson et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7679534 | Kay et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7680649 | Park | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7681126 | Roose | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7683886 | Willey | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7683893 | Kim | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7684985 | Dominach et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7684990 | Caskey et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7684991 | Stohr et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689245 | Cox et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689408 | Chen et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689409 | Heinecke | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689421 | Li et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7693715 | Hwang et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7693717 | Kahn et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7693719 | Chu et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7693720 | Kennewick et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7698131 | Bennett | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7702500 | Blaedow | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7702508 | Bennett | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7706510 | Ng | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7707026 | Liu | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7707027 | Balchandran et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7707032 | Wang et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7707221 | Dunning et al. | Apr 2010 | B1 |
| 7707267 | Lisitsa et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7710262 | Ruha | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7711129 | Lindahl et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7711550 | Feinberg et al. | May 2010 | B1 |
| 7711565 | Gazdzinski | May 2010 | B1 |
| 7711672 | Au | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7712053 | Bradford et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7716056 | Weng et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7716216 | Harik et al. | May 2010 | B1 |
| 7720674 | Kaiser et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7720683 | Vermeulen et al. | May 2010 | B1 |
| 7721226 | Barabe et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7721301 | Wong et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7724242 | Hillis et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7725307 | Bennett | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7725318 | Gavalda et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7725320 | Bennett | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7725321 | Bennett | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7725838 | Williams | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7729904 | Bennett | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7729916 | Coffman et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7734461 | Kwak et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7735012 | Naik | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7739588 | Reynar et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7742953 | King et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7743188 | Haitani et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7747616 | Yamada et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7752152 | Paek et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7756868 | Lee | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7757173 | Beaman | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7757182 | Elliott et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7761296 | Bakis et al. | Jul 2010 | B1 |
| 7763842 | Hsu et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7774204 | Mozer et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7774388 | Runchey | Aug 2010 | B1 |
| 7778432 | Larsen | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7778595 | White et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7778632 | Kurlander et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7779353 | Grigoriu et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7779356 | Griesmer | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7779357 | Naik | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7783283 | Kuusinen et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7783486 | Rosser et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7788590 | Taboada et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7797265 | Brinker et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7797269 | Rieman et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7797331 | Theimer et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7801721 | Rosart et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7801728 | Ben-David et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7801729 | Mozer | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7805299 | Coifman | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7809565 | Coifman | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7809569 | Attwater et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7809570 | Kennewick et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7809610 | Cao | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7809744 | Nevidomski et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7818165 | Carlgren et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7818176 | Freeman et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7818215 | King et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7818291 | Ferguson et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7818672 | Mccormack et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7822608 | Cross, Jr. et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7823123 | Sabbouh | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7826945 | Zhang et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7827047 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7831423 | Schubert | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7831426 | Bennett | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7831432 | Bodin et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7836437 | Kacmarcik et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7840400 | Lavi et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7840447 | Kleinrock et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7840581 | Ross et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7840912 | Elias et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7848924 | Nurminen et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7848926 | Goto et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853444 | Wang et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853445 | Bachenko et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853574 | Kraenzel et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853577 | Sundaresan et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853664 | Wang et al. | Dec 2010 | B1 |
| 7853900 | Nguyen et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7865817 | Ryan et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7869999 | Amato et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7870118 | Jiang et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7873519 | Bennett | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7873654 | Bernard | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7877705 | Chambers et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7880730 | Robinson et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7881936 | Longé et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7885390 | Chaudhuri et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7885844 | Cohen et al. | Feb 2011 | B1 |
| 7886233 | Rainisto et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7889184 | Blumenberg et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7889185 | Blumenberg et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7890330 | Ozkaragoz et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7890652 | Bull et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7895531 | Radtke et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7899666 | Varone | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7908287 | Katragadda | Mar 2011 | B1 |
| 7912289 | Kansai et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7912699 | Saraclar et al. | Mar 2011 | B1 |
| 7912702 | Bennett | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7912720 | Hakkani-Tur et al. | Mar 2011 | B1 |
| 7912828 | Bonnet et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7913185 | Benson et al. | Mar 2011 | B1 |
| 7916979 | Simmons | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7917367 | Di Cristo et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7917497 | Harrison et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7920678 | Cooper et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7920682 | Byrne | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7920857 | Lau et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7925525 | Chin | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7925610 | Elbaz et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7929805 | Wang et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7930168 | Weng et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7930183 | Odell et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7930197 | Ozzie et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7936339 | Marggraff et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7936863 | John et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7937075 | Zellner | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7941009 | Li et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7945294 | Zhang et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7945470 | Cohen et al. | May 2011 | B1 |
| 7949529 | Weider et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7949534 | Davis et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7949752 | White et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7953679 | Chidlovskii et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7957975 | Burns et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7962179 | Huang | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7974844 | Sumita | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7974972 | Cao | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7975216 | Woolf et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983478 | Liu et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983915 | Knight et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983917 | Kennewick et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983919 | Conkie | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983997 | Allen et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7984062 | Dunning et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7986431 | Emori et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7987151 | Schott et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7987244 | Lewis et al. | Jul 2011 | B1 |
| 7991614 | Washio et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7992085 | Wang-Aryattanwanich et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7996228 | Miller et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7996589 | Schultz et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7996792 | Anzures et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7999669 | Singh et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8000453 | Cooper et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8005664 | Hanumanthappa | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8005679 | Jordan et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8006180 | Tunning et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8015006 | Kennewick et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8015011 | Nagano et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8015144 | Zheng et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8018431 | Zehr et al. | Sep 2011 | B1 |
| 8019271 | Izdepski | Sep 2011 | B1 |
| 8020104 | Robarts et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8024195 | Mozer et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8027836 | Baker et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8031943 | Chen et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8032383 | Bhardwaj et al. | Oct 2011 | B1 |
| 8036901 | Mozer | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8037034 | Plachta et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8041557 | Liu | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8041570 | Mirkovic et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8041611 | Kleinrock et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8042053 | Darwish et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8046363 | Cha et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8050500 | Batty et al. | Nov 2011 | B1 |
| 8055502 | Clark et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8055708 | Chitsaz et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8060824 | Brownrigg et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8064753 | Freeman | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8065143 | Yanagihara | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8065155 | Gazdzinski | Nov 2011 | B1 |
| 8065156 | Gazdzinski | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8069046 | Kennewick et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8069422 | Sheshagiri et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8073681 | Baldwin et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8077153 | Benko et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8078473 | Gazdzinski | Dec 2011 | B1 |
| 8082153 | Coffman et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8082498 | Salamon et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8090571 | Elshishiny et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8095364 | Longé et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8099289 | Mozer et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8099395 | Pabla et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8099418 | Inoue et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8103510 | Sato | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8107401 | John et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8112275 | Kennewick et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8112280 | Lu | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8117037 | Gazdzinski | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8117542 | Radtke et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8121413 | Hwang et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8121837 | Agapi et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8122094 | Kotab | Feb 2012 | B1 |
| 8122353 | Bouta | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8131557 | Davis et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8135115 | Hogg, Jr. et al. | Mar 2012 | B1 |
| 8138912 | Singh et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8140335 | Kennewick et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8140567 | Padovitz et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8145489 | Freeman | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8150694 | Kennewick et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8150700 | Shin et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8155956 | Cho et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8156005 | Vieri | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8160883 | Lecoeuche | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8165321 | Paquier et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8165886 | Gagnon et al. | Apr 2012 | B1 |
| 8166019 | Lee et al. | Apr 2012 | B1 |
| 8170790 | Lee et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8179370 | Yamasani et al. | May 2012 | B1 |
| 8188856 | Singh et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8190359 | Bourne | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8195467 | Mozer et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8200495 | Braho et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8201109 | Van Os et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8204238 | Mozer | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8205788 | Gazdzinski et al. | Jun 2012 | B1 |
| 8209183 | Patel et al. | Jun 2012 | B1 |
| 8213911 | Williams et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8219115 | Nelissen | Jul 2012 | B1 |
| 8219406 | Yu et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8219407 | Roy et al. | Jul 2012 | B1 |
| 8219608 | alSafadi et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8224649 | Chaudhari et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8233919 | Lebrilla et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8239207 | Seligman et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8255217 | Stent et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8260247 | Lazaridis et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8270933 | Riemer et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8275621 | Alewine et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8279171 | Hirai et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8280438 | Barbera et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8285546 | Reich | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8285551 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8285553 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8290777 | Nguyen et al. | Oct 2012 | B1 |
| 8290778 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8290781 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8296146 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8296153 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8296380 | Kelly et al. | Oct 2012 | B1 |
| 8296383 | Lindahl | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8300801 | Sweeney et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8301456 | Gazdzinski | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8311834 | Gazdzinski | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8311835 | Lecoeuche et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8326627 | Baldwin et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8332224 | Di Cristo et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8332748 | Karam | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8335689 | Wittenstein et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8345665 | Vieri et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8352183 | Thota et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8352268 | Naik et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8352272 | Rogers et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8355919 | Silverman et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8359234 | Vieri | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8370158 | Gazdzinski | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8371503 | Gazdzinski | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8374871 | Ehsani et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8375320 | Kotler et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8380504 | Peden et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| 8381107 | Rottler et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8381135 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8396714 | Rogers et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8423288 | Stahl et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8428758 | Naik et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8447612 | Gazdzinski | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8479122 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8489599 | Bellotti | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8498857 | Kopparapu et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8521513 | Millett et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8583416 | Huang et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8583511 | Hendrickson | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8589869 | Wolfram | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8595004 | Koshinaka | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8620659 | Di Cristo et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8620662 | Bellegarda | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8645137 | Bellegarda et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8655901 | Li et al. | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8660849 | Gruber et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8660970 | Fiedorowicz | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8676904 | Lindahl et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8677377 | Cheyer et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8688446 | Yanagihara et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8695074 | Saraf et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8696364 | Cohen | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8706472 | Ramerth et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8731610 | Appaji | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8760537 | Johnson et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8768693 | Lempel et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8838457 | Cerra et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8862252 | Roftler et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8880405 | Cerra et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8886540 | Cerra et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8898568 | Bull et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8909693 | Sinha et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8938688 | Bradford et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8943423 | Merrill et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8972878 | David et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9071701 | Donaldson et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9101279 | Ritchey et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9112984 | Sejnoha et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9171541 | Armstrong et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9502025 | Kennewick et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9620113 | Kennewick et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 10096319 | Jin et al. | Oct 2018 | B1 |
| 20010000534 | Matulich et al. | Apr 2001 | A1 |
| 20010005859 | Okuyama et al. | Jun 2001 | A1 |
| 20010020259 | Sekiguchi et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
| 20010027396 | Sato | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010029455 | Chin et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010030660 | Zainoulline | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010032080 | Fukada | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010041021 | Boyle et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010042107 | Palm | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010044724 | Hon et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010047264 | Roundtree | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010056342 | Piehn et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20010056347 | Chazan et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020001395 | Davis et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020002039 | Qureshey et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020002413 | Tokue | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020002461 | Tetsumoto | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020004703 | Gaspard, II | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020010581 | Euler et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020010584 | Schultz et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020010726 | Rogson | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020010798 | Ben-Shaul et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020013707 | Shaw et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020013784 | Swanson | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020013852 | Janik | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020015024 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020015064 | Robotham et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020021278 | Hinckley et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020026315 | Miranda | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020026456 | Bradford | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020031254 | Lantrip et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020031262 | Imagawa et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020032048 | Kitao et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020032564 | Ehsani et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020032751 | Bharadwaj | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020035467 | Morimoto et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020035469 | Holzapfel | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020035474 | Alpdemir | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020040297 | Tsiao et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020040359 | Green et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020042707 | Zhao et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045438 | Tagawa et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045961 | Gibbs et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020046025 | Hain | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020046315 | Miller et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020052730 | Nakao | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020052740 | Charlesworth et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020052747 | Sarukkai | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020054094 | Matsuda | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020055844 | L'Esperance et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020055934 | Lipscomb et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020059066 | O'hagan | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020059068 | Rose et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020065659 | Isono et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020065797 | Meidan et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020067308 | Robertson | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020069063 | Buchner et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020069071 | Knockeart et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020069220 | Tran | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020072816 | Shdema et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020072908 | Case et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020072914 | Alshawi et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020077082 | Cruickshank | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020077817 | Atal | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020078041 | Wu | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020080163 | Morey | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020085037 | Leavitt et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020087508 | Hull et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020091511 | Hellwig et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020095286 | Ross et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020095290 | Kahn et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099547 | Chu et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099552 | Rubin et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020101447 | Carro | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103641 | Kuo et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103644 | Brocious et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103646 | Kochanski et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020107684 | Gao | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020109709 | Sagar | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020110248 | Kovales et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111810 | Khan et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116082 | Gudorf | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116171 | Russell | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116185 | Cooper et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116189 | Yeh et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116420 | Allam et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020120697 | Generous et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020120925 | Logan | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020122053 | Dutta et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020123894 | Woodward | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020126097 | Savolainen | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128827 | Bu et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128840 | Hinde et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020129057 | Spielberg | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020133347 | Schoneburg et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020133348 | Pearson et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020135565 | Gordon et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020135618 | Maes et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020137505 | Eiche et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138254 | Isaka et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138265 | Stevens et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138270 | Bellegarda et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138616 | Basson et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140679 | Wen | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143533 | Lucas et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143542 | Eide | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143551 | Sharma et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143826 | Day et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020151297 | Remboski et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020152045 | Dowling et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020152255 | Smith et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020154160 | Hosokawa | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020161865 | Nguyen | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020163544 | Baker et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020164000 | Cohen et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020165918 | Bettis | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020167534 | Burke | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020169592 | Aityan | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020169605 | Damiba et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173273 | Spurgat et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173889 | Odinak et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173961 | Guerra | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173962 | Tang et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173966 | Henton | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020177993 | Veditz et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020184027 | Brittan et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020184189 | Hay et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020189426 | Hirade et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020191029 | Gillespie et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020193996 | Squibbs et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020198714 | Zhou | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020198715 | Belrose | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030001881 | Mannheimer et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030002632 | Bhogal et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030013483 | Ausems et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030016770 | Trans et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030020760 | Takatsu et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030026402 | Clapper | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030028380 | Freeland et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030033153 | Olson et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030033214 | Mikkelsen et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030037073 | Tokuda et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030037254 | Fischer et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030040908 | Yang et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030046075 | Stone | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030046401 | Abbott et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030046434 | Flanagin et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030050781 | Tamura et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030051136 | Curtis et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030055537 | Odinak et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030061317 | Brown et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030061570 | Hatori et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030063073 | Geaghan et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030065805 | Barnes et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074195 | Bartosik et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074198 | Sussman | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074457 | Kluth | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030076301 | Tsuk et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078766 | Appelt et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078780 | Kochanski et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078969 | Sprague et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030079024 | Hough et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030079038 | Robbin et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030080991 | Crow et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083113 | Chua et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083878 | Lee et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083884 | Odinak et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030084350 | Eibach et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030085870 | Hinckley | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030086699 | Benyamin et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030088414 | Huang et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030088421 | Maes et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030090467 | Hohl et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030090474 | Schaefer | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030095096 | Robbin et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030097210 | Horst et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030097379 | Ireton | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030097408 | Kageyama et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030098892 | Hiipakka | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030099335 | Tanaka et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030101045 | Moffatt et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030115060 | Junqua et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030115064 | Gusler et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030115186 | Wilkinson et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030115552 | Jahnke et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030117365 | Shteyn | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030120494 | Jost et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030122787 | Zimmerman et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030125927 | Seme | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030125955 | Arnold et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030126559 | Fuhrmann | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030128819 | Lee et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030133694 | Yeo | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030134678 | Tanaka | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030135740 | Talmor et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030144846 | Denenberge et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030145285 | Miyahira et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030147512 | Abburi | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030149557 | Cox et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030149567 | Schmitz et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030149978 | Plotnick | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030152203 | Berger et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030152894 | Townshend | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030154081 | Chu et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030157968 | Boman et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158735 | Yamada et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158737 | Csicsatka | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030160702 | Tanaka | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030160830 | Degross | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030163316 | Addison et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030164848 | Dutta et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030167167 | Gong | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030167318 | Robbin et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030167335 | Alexander | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030171928 | Falcon et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030171936 | Sall et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030174830 | Boyer et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030179222 | Noma et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030182115 | Malayath et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030182394 | Ryngler et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187655 | Dunsmuir | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187844 | Li et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187925 | Inala et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030188005 | Yoneda et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030188192 | Tang et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030190074 | Loudon et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030191645 | Zhou | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030193481 | Sokolsky | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030194080 | Michaelis et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030195741 | Mani et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030197736 | Murphy | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030197744 | Irvine | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030200858 | Xie | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204392 | Finnigan et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204492 | Wolf et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030208756 | Macrae et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030210266 | Cragun et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030212961 | Soin et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030214519 | Smith et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030224760 | Day | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030228863 | Vander Veen et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030228909 | Tanaka et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229490 | Etter | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229616 | Wong | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030233230 | Ammicht et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030233237 | Garside et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030233240 | Kaatrasalo | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030234824 | Litwiller | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030236663 | Dimitrova et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040001396 | Keller et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040006467 | Anisimovich et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040012556 | Yong et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040013252 | Craner | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040021676 | Chen et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040022373 | Suder et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040023643 | Vander Veen et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040030554 | Boxberger-Oberoi | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040030556 | Bennett | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040030996 | Van Liempd et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040034520 | Langkilde-geary et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040036715 | Warren | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048627 | Olvera-Hernandez | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040049391 | Polanyi et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040051729 | Borden, IV | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040052338 | Celi, Jr. et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054530 | Davis et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054533 | Bellegarda | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054534 | Junqua | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054535 | Mackie et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054541 | Kryze et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040054690 | Hillerbrand et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040055446 | Robbin et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040056899 | Sinclair, II et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040059577 | Pickering | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040059790 | Austin-Lane et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040061717 | Menon et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040062367 | Fellenstein et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040064593 | Sinclair et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040069122 | Wilson | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040070567 | Longe et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040070612 | Sinclair et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073427 | Moore | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073428 | Zlokarnik et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040076086 | Keller et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040078382 | Mercer et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040082368 | Yoon | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040085162 | Agarwal et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040085368 | Johnson, Jr. et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040086120 | Akins, III et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040093213 | Conkie | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040093215 | Gupta et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040094018 | Ueshima et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040096105 | Holtsberg | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040098250 | Kimchi et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040100479 | Nakano et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040106432 | Kanamori et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040107169 | Lowe | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040111266 | Coorman et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040111332 | Baar et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040114731 | Gillett et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040122656 | Abir | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040122664 | Lorenzo et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040124583 | Landis | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040125088 | Zimmerman et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040125922 | Specht | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040127198 | Roskind et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040127241 | Shostak | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040128137 | Bush et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040133817 | Choi | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135701 | Yasuda et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135774 | La Monica | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040136510 | Vander Veen | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040138869 | Heinecke | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040145607 | Alderson | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040153306 | Tanner et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040160419 | Padgitt | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162741 | Flaxer et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040174399 | Wu et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040174434 | Walker et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040176958 | Salmenkaita et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040177319 | Horn | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040178994 | Kairls, Jr. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040181392 | Parikh et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040183833 | Chua | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040186713 | Gomas et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040186714 | Baker | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040186777 | Margiloff et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193398 | Chu et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193420 | Kennewick et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193421 | Blass | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193426 | Maddux et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040196256 | Wobbrock et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040198436 | Alden | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040199375 | Ehsani et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040199387 | Wang et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040199663 | Horvitz et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203520 | Schirtzinger et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040205151 | Sprigg et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040205671 | Sukehiro et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040208302 | Urban et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040210634 | Ferrer et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040213419 | Varma et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040215731 | Tzann-en Szeto | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040216049 | Lewis et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040218451 | Said et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040220798 | Chi et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040223485 | Arellano et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040223599 | Bear et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040224638 | Fadell et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225501 | Cutaia et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225650 | Cooper et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225746 | Niell et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230637 | Lecoueche et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040236778 | Junqua et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040242286 | Benco et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040243412 | Gupta et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040243419 | Wang | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040249629 | Webster | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040249667 | Oon | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040252119 | Hunleth et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040252604 | Johnson et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040252966 | Holloway et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040254791 | Coifman et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040254792 | Busayapongchai et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040257432 | Girish et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040259536 | Keskar et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040261023 | Bier | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040262051 | Carro | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040263636 | Cutler et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040267825 | Novak et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040268253 | Demello et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040268262 | Gupta et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050002507 | Timmins et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050010409 | Hull et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050012723 | Pallakoff | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050015254 | Beaman | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050015772 | Saare et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050022114 | Shanahan et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050024341 | Gillespie et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050024345 | Eastty et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050027385 | Yueh | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050030175 | Wolfe | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050031106 | Henderson | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050033582 | Gadd et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050033771 | Schmitter et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050034164 | Sano et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050038657 | Roth et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050039141 | Burke et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050043946 | Ueyama et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050043949 | Roth et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050044569 | Marcus | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050045373 | Born | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049880 | Roth et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055212 | Nagao | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055403 | Brittan | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050058438 | Hayashi | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050060155 | Chu et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050071165 | Hofstader et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050071332 | Ortega et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050071437 | Bear et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050074113 | Mathew et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050075874 | Balchandran et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080613 | Colledge et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080620 | Rao et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080625 | Bennett et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080632 | Endo et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080780 | Colledge et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050086059 | Bennett | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050086605 | Ferrer et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050091118 | Fano | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050094475 | Naoi | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050099398 | Garside et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050100214 | Zhang et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102144 | Rapoport | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102614 | Brockett et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102625 | Lee et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050105712 | Williams et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108001 | Aarskog | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108017 | Esser et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108074 | Bloechl et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108338 | Simske et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108344 | Tafoya et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050114124 | Liu et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050114140 | Brackett et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119890 | Hirose | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119897 | Bennett et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050125216 | Chitrapura et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050125235 | Lazay et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050131951 | Zhang et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050132301 | Ikeda | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050136949 | Barnes, Jr. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050138305 | Zellner | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050140504 | Marshall et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143972 | Gopalakrishnan et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050144003 | Iso-Sipila | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050144070 | Cheshire | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050144568 | Gruen et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050148356 | Ferguson et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149214 | Yoo et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149330 | Katae | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149332 | Kuzunuki et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149510 | Shafrir | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050152558 | Van Tassel | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050152602 | Chen et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050154578 | Tong et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050154591 | Lecoeuche | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050159939 | Mohler et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050162395 | Unruh | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050165607 | DiFabbrizio et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050166153 | Eytchison et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177445 | Church | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050181770 | Helferich | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182616 | Kotipalli | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182627 | Tanaka et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182628 | Choi | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182629 | Coorman et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182630 | Miro et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182765 | Liddy | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050187773 | Filoche et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050190970 | Griffin | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192801 | Lewis et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050195077 | Mcculloch et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050195429 | Archbold | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050196733 | Budra et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050201572 | Lindahl et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050202854 | Kortum et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050203747 | Lecoeuche | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050203991 | Kawamura et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050209848 | Ishii | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050210394 | Crandall et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050216331 | Ahrens et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050222843 | Kahn et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050222973 | Kaiser | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050228665 | Kobayashi et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050245243 | Zuniga | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050246350 | Canaran | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050246365 | Lowles et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050246726 | Labrou et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050255874 | Stewart-Baxter et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050267738 | Wilkinson et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050267757 | Iso-Sipila et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050271216 | Lashkari | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050273337 | Erell et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050273626 | Pearson et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050278297 | Nelson | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050278643 | Ukai et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050278647 | Leavitt et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283364 | Longe et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283726 | Lunati | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283729 | Morris et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050288934 | Omi | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050288936 | Busayapongchai et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050289463 | Wu et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060001652 | Chiu et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060004570 | Ju et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060004744 | Nevidomski et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060007174 | Shen | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060009973 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060013414 | Shih | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060015341 | Baker | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060015819 | Hawkins et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060018446 | Schmandt et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060018492 | Chiu et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060020890 | Kroll et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060025999 | Feng et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026233 | Tenembaum et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026521 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026535 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026536 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060033724 | Chaudhri et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035632 | Sorvari et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060036946 | Radtke et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060041424 | Todhunter et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060041431 | Maes | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060047632 | Zhang | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060050865 | Kortum et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052141 | Suzuki | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053365 | Hollander et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053379 | Henderson et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053387 | Ording | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060058999 | Barker et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060059437 | Conklin | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060060762 | Chan et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060061488 | Dunton | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060067535 | Culbert et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060067536 | Culbert et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060069567 | Tischer et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060069664 | Ling et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060072248 | Watanabe et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060072716 | Pham | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074628 | Elbaz et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074660 | Waters et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074674 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074750 | Clark et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074898 | Gavalda et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060077055 | Basir | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060080098 | Campbell | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060085187 | Barquilla | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060085465 | Nori et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060085757 | Andre et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060093998 | Vertegaal | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060095265 | Chu et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060095790 | Nguyen et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060095846 | Nurmi | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060095848 | Naik | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060097991 | Hotelling et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100848 | Cozzi et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100849 | Chan | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060101354 | Hashimoto et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060103633 | Gioeli | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060106592 | Brockett et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060106594 | Brockett et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060106595 | Brockett et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060111906 | Cross et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060111909 | Maes et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060116874 | Samuelsson et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060116877 | Pickering et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060117002 | Swen | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060119582 | Ng et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060122834 | Bennett | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060122836 | Cross et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060129929 | Weber et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060132812 | Barnes et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060135214 | Zhang et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060136213 | Hirose et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060141990 | Zak et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060143007 | Koh et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060143559 | Spielberg et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060143576 | Gupta et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060148520 | Baker et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060150087 | Cronenberger et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060152496 | Knaven | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060153040 | Girish et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060156252 | Sheshagiri et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060156307 | Kunjithapatham et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161870 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161871 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161872 | Rytivaara et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060165105 | Shenfield et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060167676 | Plumb | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060168150 | Naik et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060168507 | Hansen | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060168539 | Hawkins et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060172720 | Islam et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060174207 | Deshpande | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178868 | Billerey-Mosier | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060181519 | Vernier et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060183466 | Lee et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060184886 | Chung et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060187073 | Lin et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060190269 | Tessel et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060190577 | Yamada | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060193518 | Dong | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195206 | Moon et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195323 | Monne et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060197753 | Hotelling | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060197755 | Bawany | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200253 | Hoffberg et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200342 | Corston-Oliver et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200347 | Kim et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060205432 | Hawkins et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060206454 | Forstall et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060212415 | Backer et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060217967 | Goertzen et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060221738 | Park et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060221788 | Lindahl et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060224570 | Quiroga et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060229870 | Kobal | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060229876 | Aaron et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060230410 | Kurganov et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060234680 | Doulton | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060235550 | Csicsatka et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060235700 | Wong et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060235841 | Betz et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060236262 | Bathiche et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060239419 | Joseph et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060239471 | Mao et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060240866 | Eilts et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060242190 | Wnek | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060246955 | Nirhamo et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060247931 | Caskey et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060252457 | Schrager | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060253210 | Rosenberg | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060253787 | Fogg | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060256934 | Mazor | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060262876 | LaDue | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265208 | Assadollahi | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265503 | Jones et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265648 | Rainisto et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060271627 | Szczepanek | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060274051 | Longe et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060274905 | Lindahl et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060277058 | J'maev et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060282264 | Denny et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060282415 | Shibata et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060286527 | Morel | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060288024 | Braica | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060291666 | Ball et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060293876 | Kamatani et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060293880 | Elshishiny et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060293886 | Odell et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070003026 | Hodge et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070004451 | C. Anderson | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070005368 | Chutorash et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070005849 | Oliver | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070006098 | Krumm et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070011154 | Musgrove et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070014420 | Brown | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070016401 | Ehsani et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070016563 | Omoigui | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070016865 | Johnson et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070021956 | Qu et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070022380 | Swartz et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070025704 | Tsukazaki et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070026852 | Logan et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070027732 | Hudgens | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070028009 | Robbin et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070032247 | Shaffer et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070033003 | Morris | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070033026 | Bartosik et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070033054 | Snitkovskiy et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070036117 | Taube et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070036294 | Chaudhuri et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070038436 | Cristoe et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070038609 | Wu | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070040813 | Kushler et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070041361 | Iso-Sipila | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070042812 | Basir | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070043568 | Dhanakshirur et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070043574 | Coffman et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070043687 | Bodart et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070044038 | Horentrup et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070046641 | Lim | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070047719 | Dhawan et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050184 | Drucker et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050191 | Weider et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050393 | Vogel et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050712 | Hull et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070052586 | Horstemeyer | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070055493 | Lee | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070055508 | Zhao et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070055514 | Beattie et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070055525 | Kennewick et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070055529 | Kanevsky et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070058832 | Hug et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060107 | Day | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070061487 | Moore et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070061712 | Bodin et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070061754 | Ardhanari et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070067173 | Bellegarda | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070067272 | Flynt et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070072553 | Barbera et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073540 | Hirakawa et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073541 | Tian | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073543 | Hammler et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073745 | Scott et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070075965 | Huppi et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070079027 | Marriott et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070080936 | Tsuk et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083467 | Lindahl et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083623 | Nishimura et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088556 | Andrew | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070089132 | Qureshey et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070089135 | Qureshey et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070093277 | Cavacuiti et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070094026 | Ativanichayaphong et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070098195 | Holmes | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100206 | Lin et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100602 | Kim | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100619 | Purho et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100635 | Mahajan et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100709 | Lee et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100790 | Cheyer et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100883 | Rose et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070106512 | Acero et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070106513 | Boillot et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070106674 | Agrawal et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070116194 | Agapi et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070116195 | Thompson et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070118377 | Badino et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070118378 | Skuratovsky | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070121846 | Altberg et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070124149 | Shen et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070124676 | Amundsen et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070127888 | Hayashi et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070128777 | Yin et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070129059 | Nadarajah et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070129098 | Cheng et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070130014 | Altberg et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070130128 | Garg et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070132738 | Lowles et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135187 | Kreiner et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135949 | Snover et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070136064 | Carroll | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070136778 | Birger et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070143163 | Weiss et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070149252 | Jobs et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150842 | Chaudhri et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070152978 | Kocienda et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070152980 | Kocienda et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070155346 | Mijatovic et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070156410 | Stohr et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070156627 | D'Alicandro | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070157089 | Van Os et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070157268 | Girish et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070162296 | Altberg et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070162414 | Horowitz et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070168922 | Kaiser et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173233 | Vander Veen et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173267 | Klassen et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070174188 | Fish | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070174396 | Kumar et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070179776 | Segond et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070179778 | Gong et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070180383 | Naik | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070182595 | Ghasabian | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185551 | Meadows et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185754 | Schmidt | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185831 | Churcher | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185917 | Prahlad et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070188901 | Heckerman et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192027 | Lee et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192105 | Neeracher et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192293 | Swen | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192403 | Heine et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192744 | Reponen | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198269 | Braho et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198273 | Hennecke | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198566 | Sustik | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070203955 | Pomerantz | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070207785 | Chatterjee et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070207796 | Yan | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208569 | Subramanian et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208579 | Peterson | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208726 | Krishnaprasad et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070211071 | Slotznick et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070213099 | Bast | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070213857 | Bodin et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070219777 | Chu et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070219803 | Chiu et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070219983 | Fish | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070225980 | Sumita | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070225984 | Milstein et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070226652 | Kikuchi et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070229323 | Plachta et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070230729 | Naylor et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233490 | Yao | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233497 | Paek et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233692 | Lisa et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233725 | Michmerhuizen et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070238488 | Scott | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070238489 | Scott | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070238520 | Kacmarcik | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070239429 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070241885 | Clipsham | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070244702 | Kahn et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070247441 | Kim et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255435 | Cohen et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255979 | Deily et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070257890 | Hotelling et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070258642 | Thota | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260460 | Hyatt | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260595 | Beatty et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260822 | Adams | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070261080 | Saetti | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070265831 | Dinur et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070271104 | McKay | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070271510 | Grigoriu et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070274468 | Cai | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276651 | Bliss et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276714 | Beringer | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276810 | Rosen | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070277088 | Bodin et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070281603 | Nath et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070282595 | Tunning et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070285958 | Platchta et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070286363 | Burg et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070288241 | Cross et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070288449 | Datta et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070291108 | Huber et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070294077 | Narayanan et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070294263 | Punj et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070299664 | Peters et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070299831 | Williams et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070300140 | Makela et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070300185 | Macbeth et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080010355 | Vieri et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080012950 | Lee et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080013751 | Hiselius | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080015864 | Ross et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080016575 | Vincent et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080021708 | Bennett et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080022208 | Morse | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080031475 | Goldstein | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080033719 | Hall et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080034032 | Healey et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080034044 | Bhakta et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080036743 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080040339 | Zhou et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080042970 | Liang et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080043936 | Liebermann | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080043943 | Sipher et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046239 | Boo | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046422 | Lee et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046820 | Lee et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046948 | Verosub | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080048908 | Sato | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080049905 | Seo | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080052063 | Bennett et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080052073 | Goto et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080052077 | Bennett et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080055194 | Baudino et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080056459 | Vallier et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080056579 | Guha | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059190 | Chu et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059200 | Puli | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059876 | Hantler et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080062141 | Chaudhri | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080065382 | Gerl et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080071529 | Silverman et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080071544 | Beaufays et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080075296 | Lindahl et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076972 | Dorogusker et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077310 | Murlidar et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077384 | Agapi et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077386 | Gao et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077391 | Chino et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077393 | Gao et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077406 | Ganong, III | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077859 | Schabes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080079566 | Singh et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082332 | Mallett et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082338 | O'Neil et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082390 | Hawkins et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082576 | Bodin et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082651 | Singh et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080084974 | Dhanakshirur | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080085689 | Zellner et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080091406 | Baldwin et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080091426 | Rempel et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080091443 | Strope et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080096533 | Manfredi et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080096726 | Riley et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080097937 | Hadjarian | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080098302 | Roose | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080098480 | Henry et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080057922 | Kokes et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080100579 | Robinson et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080109222 | Liu | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080114480 | Harb | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080114598 | Prieto et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080114841 | Lambert | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080118143 | Gordon et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080120102 | Rao | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080120112 | Jordan et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080120342 | Reed et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080122796 | Jobs et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080126077 | Thorn | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080126091 | Clark et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080126093 | Sivadas | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080126100 | Grost et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080129520 | Lee | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080130867 | Bowen | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080131006 | Oliver | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080132221 | Willey et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133215 | Sarukkai | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133228 | Rao | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133230 | Herforth | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133241 | Baker et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133245 | Proulx et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133956 | Fadell | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140413 | Millman et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140416 | Shostak | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140652 | Millman et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140657 | Azvine et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080141125 | Ghassabian et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080141180 | Reed et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080141182 | Barsness et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080146245 | Appaji | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080146290 | Sreeram et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080147408 | Da Palma et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080147411 | Dames et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080147874 | Yoneda et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080150900 | Han | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154600 | Tian et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154612 | Evermann et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154828 | Antebi et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080157867 | Krah | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080162137 | Salton et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080162471 | Bernard et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080163119 | Kim et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080163131 | Hirai et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080165144 | Forstall et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080165980 | Pavlovic et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080165994 | Caren et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080167013 | Novick et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080167858 | Christie et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168366 | Kocienda et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080183473 | Nagano et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189099 | Friedman et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189106 | Low et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189110 | Freeman et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189114 | Fail et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189606 | Rybak | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080195312 | Aaron et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080195601 | Ntoulas et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080195940 | Gail et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080200142 | Abdel-Kader et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080201306 | Cooper et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080201375 | Khedouri et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080204379 | Perez-Noguera | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080207176 | Brackbill et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208585 | Ativanichayaphong et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208587 | Ben-David et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080212796 | Denda | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080219641 | Sandrew et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221866 | Katragadda et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221880 | Cerra et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221889 | Cerra et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221903 | Kanevsky et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080222118 | Scian et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228463 | Mod et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228485 | Owen | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228490 | Fischer et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228496 | Yu et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228928 | Donelli et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080229185 | Lynch | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080229218 | Maeng | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080235017 | Satomura et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080235024 | Goldberg et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080235027 | Cross | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080240569 | Tonouchi | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080242280 | Shapiro et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080244390 | Fux et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080244446 | Lefevre et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080247519 | Abella et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080248797 | Freeman et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080249770 | Kim et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080253577 | Eppolito | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080254419 | Cohen | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080254425 | Cohen | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080255837 | Kahn et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080255845 | Bennett | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080256613 | Grover | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080259022 | Mansfield et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262838 | Nurminen et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262846 | Burns et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270118 | Kuo et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270138 | Knight et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270139 | Shi et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270140 | Hertz et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080277473 | Kotlarsky et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080281510 | Shahine | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080292112 | Valenzuela et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080294651 | Masuyama et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080294981 | Balzano et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080298766 | Wen et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080299523 | Chai et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080300871 | Gilbert | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080300878 | Bennett | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080306727 | Thurmair et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080312909 | Hermansen et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080313335 | Jung et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080316183 | Westerman et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080319753 | Hancock | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080319763 | Di Fabbrizio et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090003115 | Lindahl et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090005012 | Van Heugten | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090005891 | Batson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006096 | Li et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006097 | Etezadi et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006099 | Sharpe et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006100 | Badger et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006343 | Platt et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006345 | Platt et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006488 | Lindahl et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006671 | Batson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090007001 | Morin et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090011709 | Akasaka et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090012748 | Beish et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090012775 | El Hady et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018828 | Nakadai et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018834 | Cooper et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018835 | Cooper et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018839 | Cooper et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018840 | Lutz et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090019061 | Scannell, Jr. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090022329 | Mahowald | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090028435 | Wu et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090030800 | Grois | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090030978 | Johnson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090043583 | Agapi et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090048821 | Yam et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090048845 | Burckart et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090049067 | Murray | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090055179 | Cho et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090055186 | Lance et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090058823 | Kocienda | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090058860 | Fong et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090060472 | Bull et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090063974 | Bull et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090064031 | Bull et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090070097 | Wu et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090070102 | Maegawa | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090070114 | Staszak | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090074214 | Bradford et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076792 | Lawson-Tancred | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076796 | Daraselia | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076819 | Wouters et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076821 | Brenner et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076825 | Bradford et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090077165 | Rhodes et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090083035 | Huang et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090083036 | Zhao et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090083037 | Gleason et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090083047 | Lindahl et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090089058 | Bellegarda | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090092260 | Powers | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090092261 | Bard | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090092262 | Costa et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090094029 | Koch et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090094033 | Mozer et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090097634 | Nambiar et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090097637 | Boscher et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090098903 | Donaldson et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090100049 | Cao | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090100454 | Weber | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090104898 | Harris | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090106026 | Ferrieux | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090106376 | Tom et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090106397 | O'Keefe | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112572 | Thorn | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112596 | Syrdal et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112677 | Rhett | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112892 | Cardie et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090119108 | Noh et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090119587 | Allen et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090123021 | Jung et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090123071 | Iwasaki | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090125477 | Lu et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090128505 | Partridge et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132253 | Bellegarda | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090137286 | Luke et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090138736 | Chin | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090138828 | Schultz et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090144049 | Haddad et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090144609 | Liang et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090146848 | Ghassabian | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090150147 | Jacoby et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090150156 | Kennewick et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090153288 | Hope et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090154669 | Wood et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157382 | Bar | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157384 | Toutanova et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157401 | Bennett | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090158423 | Orlassino et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090160803 | Hashimoto | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090163243 | Barbera et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090164441 | Cheyer | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090164655 | Pettersson et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090164937 | Alviar et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090167508 | Fadell et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090167509 | Fadell et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171578 | Kim et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171664 | Kennewick et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090172108 | Singh | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090172542 | Girish et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090174667 | Kocienda et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090174677 | Gehani et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177300 | Lee | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177461 | Ehsani et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090182445 | Girish et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090182702 | Miller et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090187402 | Scholl | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090187577 | Reznik et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090191895 | Singh et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090192782 | Drewes | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090198497 | Kwon | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090204409 | Mozer et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090210230 | Schwarz | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090213134 | Stephanick et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090215466 | Ahl et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090215503 | Zhang et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216704 | Zheng et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090222270 | Likens et al. | Sep 2009 | A2 |
| 20090222488 | Boerries et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228126 | Spielberg et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228273 | Wang et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228281 | Singleton et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228792 | Van Os et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228842 | Westerman et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090234638 | Ranjan et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090234655 | Kwon | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090239202 | Stone | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090239552 | Churchill et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090240485 | Dalal et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090241054 | Hendricks | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090241760 | Georges | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090247237 | Mittleman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090248182 | Logan et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090249198 | Davis et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090252350 | Seguin | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090253457 | Seguin | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090253463 | Shin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090254339 | Seguin | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090254345 | Fleizach et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090259475 | Yamagami et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090259969 | Pallakoff | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090265368 | Crider et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090271109 | Lee et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090271175 | Bodin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090271176 | Bodin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090271178 | Bodin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090274315 | Carnes et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090281789 | Waibel et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090284482 | Chin | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090286514 | Lichorowic et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090287583 | Holmes | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090290718 | Kahn et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090292987 | Sorenson | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090296552 | Hicks et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090298474 | George | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090299745 | Kennewick et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090299849 | Cao et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090300391 | Jessup et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090300488 | Salamon et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090304198 | Herre et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306967 | Nicolov et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306969 | Goud et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306979 | Jaiswal et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306980 | Shin | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306981 | Cromack et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306985 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306988 | Chen et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306989 | Kaji | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090307162 | Bui et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090307201 | Dunning et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090307584 | Davidson et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090313023 | Jones | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090313026 | Coffman et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090313544 | Wood et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090313564 | Rottler et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090316943 | Frigola Munoz et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090318119 | Basir et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090318198 | Carroll | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090319266 | Brown et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090319272 | Coulomb et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326936 | Nagashima | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326938 | Marila et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326949 | Douthitt et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090327977 | Bachfischer et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100004931 | Ma et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100005081 | Bennett | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100013760 | Hirai et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100013796 | Abileah et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100019834 | Zerbe et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100023318 | Lemoine | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100023320 | Di Cristo et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100030928 | Conroy et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100031143 | Rao et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100036655 | Cecil et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100036660 | Bennett | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100037183 | Miyashita et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100042400 | Block et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100049514 | Kennewick et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100050064 | Liu et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100054512 | Solum | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100057457 | Ogata et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100057643 | Yang | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100060646 | Unsal et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063804 | Sato et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063825 | Williams et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063961 | Guiheneuf et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100064113 | Lindahl et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100067723 | Bergmann et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100067867 | Lin et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100070281 | Conkie et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100070899 | Hunt et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100076760 | Kraenzel et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100079501 | Ikeda et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100080398 | Waldmann | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100080470 | Deluca et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100081456 | Singh et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100081487 | Chen et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082327 | Rogers et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082328 | Rogers et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082329 | Silverman et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082346 | Rogers et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082347 | Rogers et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082348 | Silverman et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082349 | Bellegarda et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082970 | Lindahl et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100086152 | Rank et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100086153 | Hagen et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100086156 | Rank et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100088020 | Sano et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100088093 | Lee et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100088100 | Lindahl | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100100212 | Lindahl et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100100384 | Ju et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100103776 | Chan | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100106500 | McKee et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100114856 | Kuboyama | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121637 | Roy | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100125460 | Mellott et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100125811 | Moore et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131273 | Aley-Raz et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131498 | Linthicum et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131899 | Hubert | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100138215 | Williams | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100138224 | Bedingfield, Sr. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100138416 | Bellotti | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100138680 | Brisebois et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100138798 | Wilson et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100142740 | Roerup | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100145694 | Ju et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100145700 | Kennewick et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100146442 | Nagasaka et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100153115 | Klee et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100161313 | Karttunen | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100161554 | Datuashvili et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100164897 | Morin et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100169075 | Raffa et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100169097 | Nachman | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100171713 | Kwok et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100174544 | Heifets | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100179932 | Yoon et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100179991 | Nachman et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185448 | Meisel | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185949 | Jaeger | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100197359 | Harris | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100204986 | Kennewick et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211199 | Naik et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100216509 | Riemer et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100217604 | Baldwin et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100222098 | Garg | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223055 | Mclean | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100228540 | Bennett | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100228691 | Yang et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100231474 | Yamagajo et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100235167 | Bourdon | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100235341 | Bennett | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100235729 | Kocienda et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100235770 | Ording et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100241418 | Maeda et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100250542 | Fujimaki | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100250599 | Schmidt et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100255858 | Juhasz | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100257160 | Cao | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100257478 | Longe et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100262599 | Nitz | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268539 | Xu et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100274753 | Liberty et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100277579 | Cho et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100278320 | Arsenault et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100278453 | King | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100280983 | Cho et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100281034 | Petrou et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100286985 | Kennewick et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100287514 | Cragun et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100293460 | Budelli | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100299133 | Kopparapu et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100299138 | Kim | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100299142 | Freeman et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100302056 | Dutton et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100305807 | Basir et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100305947 | Schwarz et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312547 | van Os et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312566 | Odinak et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100318576 | Kim | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100322438 | Siotis | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324895 | Kurzweil et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324905 | Kurzweil et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325573 | Estrada et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325588 | Reddy et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332224 | Mäkelä et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332235 | David | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332280 | Bradley et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332348 | Cao | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332428 | McHenry et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332976 | Fux et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100333030 | Johns | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110002487 | Panther et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110009107 | Guba et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110010178 | Lee et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110010644 | Merrill et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110016150 | Engstrom et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110018695 | Bells et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021213 | Carr | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110022292 | Shen et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110022394 | Wide et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110022952 | Wu et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110029616 | Wang et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110033064 | Johnson et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110034183 | Haag et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110035144 | Okamoto et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110038489 | Visser et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110047072 | Ciurea | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110047161 | Myaeng et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110050591 | Kim et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110054647 | Chipchase et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110054901 | Qin et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110055256 | Phillips et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110060584 | Ferrucci et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110060587 | Phillips et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110060589 | Weinberg | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110060807 | Martin et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110065456 | Brennan et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110066468 | Huang et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110072492 | Mohler et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110076994 | Kim et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110082688 | Kim et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110083079 | Farrell et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110087491 | Wittenstein et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110090078 | Kim et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110092187 | Miller | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110093261 | Angott | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110093265 | Stent et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110093271 | Bernard et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110099000 | Rai et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110103682 | Chidlovskii et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110105097 | Tadayon et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110106736 | Aharonson et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110110502 | Daye et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110111724 | Baptiste | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112827 | Kennewick et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112837 | Kurki-Suonio et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112921 | Kennewick et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110116610 | Shaw | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110119049 | Ylonen | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110119051 | Li et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110125540 | Jang et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130958 | Stahl et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131036 | Di Cristo et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131038 | Oyaizu et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131045 | Cristo et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110143811 | Rodriguez | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144857 | Wingrove et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144973 | Bocchieri et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144999 | Jang et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110145718 | Ketola et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110151830 | Blanda et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110153209 | Geelen | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110153330 | Yazdani et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110157029 | Tseng | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161076 | Davis et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161079 | Gruhn et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161309 | Lung et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161852 | Vainio et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110167350 | Hoellwarth | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110175810 | Markovic et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110179002 | Dumitru et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110179372 | Moore et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110184721 | Subramanian et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110184730 | LeBeau et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110191271 | Baker et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110191344 | Jin et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110195758 | Damale et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110201387 | Paek et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110205149 | Tom | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110209088 | Hinckley et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110212717 | Rhoads et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218855 | Cao et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110219018 | Bailey et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110224972 | Millett et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110231182 | Weider et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110231188 | Kennewick et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110231474 | Locker et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238407 | Kent | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238408 | Larcheveque et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238676 | Liu et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110242007 | Gray et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110249144 | Chang | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110260861 | Singh et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264643 | Cao | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110274303 | Filson et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110276598 | Kozempel | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110279368 | Klein et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282888 | Koperski et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110288861 | Kurzweil et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110298585 | Barry | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110306426 | Novak et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110307491 | Fisk et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110307810 | Hilerio et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110314032 | Bennett et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110314404 | Kotler et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120002820 | Leichter | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120011138 | Dunning et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120013609 | Reponen et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120016678 | Gruber et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120020490 | Leichter | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022787 | LeBeau et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022857 | Baldwin et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022860 | Lloyd et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022868 | LeBeau et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022869 | Lloyd et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022870 | Kristjansson et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022872 | Gruber et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022874 | Lloyd et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022876 | LeBeau et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120023088 | Cheng et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120034904 | LeBeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035907 | Lebeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035908 | LeBeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035924 | Jitkoff et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035925 | Friend et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035931 | Lebeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035932 | Jitkoff et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120036556 | Lebeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120042343 | Laligand et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120053815 | Montanari et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120053945 | Gupta et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120056815 | Mehra | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078627 | Wagner | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120082317 | Pance et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120084086 | Gilbert et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120108221 | Thomas et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120116770 | Chen et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120124126 | Alcazar et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120136572 | Norton | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120137367 | Dupont et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120149394 | Singh et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150580 | Norton | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158293 | Burnham | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158422 | Burnham et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120163710 | Skaff et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120173464 | Tur et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120174121 | Treat et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120185237 | Gajic et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197995 | Caruso | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197998 | Kessel et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120201362 | Crossan et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120214141 | Raya et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120214517 | Singh et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120221339 | Wang et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120221552 | Reponen et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245719 | Story, Jr. et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245941 | Cheyer | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245944 | Gruber et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120252367 | Gaglio et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120252540 | Kirigaya | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120254152 | Park et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120265528 | Gruber et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120265535 | Bryant-Rich | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271625 | Bernard | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271635 | Ljolje | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271676 | Aravamudan et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120284027 | Mallett et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290300 | Lee et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120296649 | Bansal et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120304124 | Chen et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120309363 | Gruber et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310642 | Cao et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310649 | Cannistraro et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310652 | O'Sullivan | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120311478 | Van Os et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120311583 | Gruber et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120311584 | Gruber et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120311585 | Gruber et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120317498 | Logan et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330660 | Jaiswal | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330661 | Lindahl | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006633 | Grokop et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130006638 | Lindahl | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130055099 | Yao et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130073286 | Bastea-Forte et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130080167 | Mozer | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130080177 | Chen | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130085761 | Bringert | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110505 | Gruber et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110515 | Guzzoni et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110518 | Gruber et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110519 | Cheyer et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110520 | Cheyer et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130111348 | Gruber et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130111487 | Cheyer et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130115927 | Gruber et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130117022 | Chen et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130170738 | Capuozzo et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130185066 | Tzirkel-hancock et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130185074 | Gruber et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130185081 | Cheyer et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130225128 | Gomar | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130238647 | Thompson | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130268956 | Recco | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130275117 | Winer | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130275875 | Gruber et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130275899 | Schubert et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130289991 | Eshwar et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130304758 | Gruber et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325443 | Begeja et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130346068 | Solem et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140074483 | Van Os | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140080428 | Rhoads et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140086458 | Rogers et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140096209 | Saraf et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140152577 | Yuen et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140195252 | Gruber et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140274211 | Sejnoha et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140278435 | Ganong et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140365407 | Miller et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150234636 | Barnes, Jr. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20190095050 | Gruber et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2666438 | Jun 2013 | CA |
| 681573 | Apr 1993 | CH |
| 1263385 | Aug 2000 | CN |
| 1274440 | Nov 2000 | CN |
| 1494695 | May 2004 | CN |
| 1673939 | Sep 2005 | CN |
| 1864204 | Nov 2006 | CN |
| 1959628 | May 2007 | CN |
| 101162153 | Apr 2008 | CN |
| 101183525 | May 2008 | CN |
| 101272558 | Sep 2008 | CN |
| 101297541 | Oct 2008 | CN |
| 101325756 | Dec 2008 | CN |
| 101448340 | Jun 2009 | CN |
| 101535983 | Sep 2009 | CN |
| 101557432 | Oct 2009 | CN |
| 101847405 | Sep 2010 | CN |
| 101939740 | Jan 2011 | CN |
| 102137193 | Jul 2011 | CN |
| 102160043 | Aug 2011 | CN |
| 102685295 | Sep 2012 | CN |
| 102693725 | Sep 2012 | CN |
| 102792320 | Nov 2012 | CN |
| 102917004 | Feb 2013 | CN |
| 3837590 | May 1990 | DE |
| 4126902 | Feb 1992 | DE |
| 4334773 | Apr 1994 | DE |
| 4445023 | Jun 1996 | DE |
| 10-2004-029203 | Dec 2005 | DE |
| 198 41 541 | Dec 2007 | DE |
| 0030390 | Jun 1981 | EP |
| 0057514 | Aug 1982 | EP |
| 0138061 | Sep 1984 | EP |
| 0138061 | Apr 1985 | EP |
| 0218859 | Apr 1987 | EP |
| 0262938 | Apr 1988 | EP |
| 0283995 | Sep 1988 | EP |
| 0293259 | Nov 1988 | EP |
| 0299572 | Jan 1989 | EP |
| 0313975 | May 1989 | EP |
| 0314908 | May 1989 | EP |
| 0327408 | Aug 1989 | EP |
| 0389271 | Sep 1990 | EP |
| 0411675 | Feb 1991 | EP |
| 0441089 | Aug 1991 | EP |
| 0464712 | Jan 1992 | EP |
| 0476972 | Mar 1992 | EP |
| 0558312 | Sep 1993 | EP |
| 0559349 | Sep 1993 | EP |
| 0559349 | Sep 1993 | EP |
| 0570660 | Nov 1993 | EP |
| 0575146 | Dec 1993 | EP |
| 0578604 | Jan 1994 | EP |
| 0586996 | Mar 1994 | EP |
| 0609030 | Aug 1994 | EP |
| 0651543 | May 1995 | EP |
| 0679005 | Oct 1995 | EP |
| 0795811 | Sep 1997 | EP |
| 0476972 | May 1998 | EP |
| 0845894 | Jun 1998 | EP |
| 0863453 | Sep 1998 | EP |
| 0863469 | Sep 1998 | EP |
| 0867860 | Sep 1998 | EP |
| 0869697 | Oct 1998 | EP |
| 0889626 | Jan 1999 | EP |
| 0917077 | May 1999 | EP |
| 0691023 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 0946032 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 0981236 | Feb 2000 | EP |
| 0982732 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 0984430 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 1001588 | May 2000 | EP |
| 1014277 | Jun 2000 | EP |
| 1028425 | Aug 2000 | EP |
| 1028426 | Aug 2000 | EP |
| 1047251 | Oct 2000 | EP |
| 1076302 | Feb 2001 | EP |
| 1091615 | Apr 2001 | EP |
| 1107229 | Jun 2001 | EP |
| 1229496 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1233600 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1245023 | Oct 2002 | EP |
| 1246075 | Oct 2002 | EP |
| 1280326 | Jan 2003 | EP |
| 1311102 | May 2003 | EP |
| 1315084 | May 2003 | EP |
| 1315086 | May 2003 | EP |
| 1347361 | Sep 2003 | EP |
| 1379061 | Jan 2004 | EP |
| 1432219 | Jun 2004 | EP |
| 1435620 | Jul 2004 | EP |
| 1480421 | Nov 2004 | EP |
| 1517228 | Mar 2005 | EP |
| 1536612 | Jun 2005 | EP |
| 1566948 | Aug 2005 | EP |
| 1650938 | Apr 2006 | EP |
| 1693829 | Aug 2006 | EP |
| 1181802 | Feb 2007 | EP |
| 1818786 | Aug 2007 | EP |
| 1892700 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1912205 | Apr 2008 | EP |
| 1939860 | Jul 2008 | EP |
| 0651543 | Sep 2008 | EP |
| 1909263 | Jan 2009 | EP |
| 1335620 | Mar 2009 | EP |
| 2069895 | Jun 2009 | EP |
| 2094032 | Aug 2009 | EP |
| 2109295 | Oct 2009 | EP |
| 1720375 | Jul 2010 | EP |
| 2205010 | Jul 2010 | EP |
| 2309491 | Apr 2011 | EP |
| 2400373 | Dec 2011 | EP |
| 2431842 | Mar 2012 | EP |
| 2293667 | Apr 1996 | GB |
| 2310559 | Aug 1997 | GB |
| 2342802 | Apr 2000 | GB |
| 2346500 | Aug 2000 | GB |
| 2352377 | Jan 2001 | GB |
| 2384399 | Jul 2003 | GB |
| 2402855 | Dec 2004 | GB |
| 2445436 | Jul 2008 | GB |
| FI20010199 | Apr 2003 | IT |
| 57-41731 | Mar 1982 | JP |
| 59-57336 | Apr 1984 | JP |
| 2-86397 | Mar 1990 | JP |
| 2-153415 | Jun 1990 | JP |
| 3-113578 | May 1991 | JP |
| 4-236624 | Aug 1992 | JP |
| 5-79951 | Mar 1993 | JP |
| 5-165459 | Jul 1993 | JP |
| 5-293126 | Nov 1993 | JP |
| 06 019965 | Jan 1994 | JP |
| 6-69954 | Mar 1994 | JP |
| 6-110650 | Apr 1994 | JP |
| 6-274586 | Sep 1994 | JP |
| 6-332617 | Dec 1994 | JP |
| 7-110751 | Apr 1995 | JP |
| 7-199379 | Aug 1995 | JP |
| 7-320051 | Dec 1995 | JP |
| 7-320079 | Dec 1995 | JP |
| 8-63330 | Mar 1996 | JP |
| 8-185265 | Jul 1996 | JP |
| 8-223281 | Aug 1996 | JP |
| 8-227341 | Sep 1996 | JP |
| 9-18585 | Jan 1997 | JP |
| 9-55792 | Feb 1997 | JP |
| 9-259063 | Oct 1997 | JP |
| 9-265457 | Oct 1997 | JP |
| 10-31497 | Feb 1998 | JP |
| 10-105324 | Apr 1998 | JP |
| 11-6743 | Jan 1999 | JP |
| 11-45241 | Feb 1999 | JP |
| 2000-090119 | Mar 2000 | JP |
| 2000-99225 | Apr 2000 | JP |
| 2000-134407 | May 2000 | JP |
| 2000-163031 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2000-207167 | Jul 2000 | JP |
| 2000-224663 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| 2000-339137 | Dec 2000 | JP |
| 2001-34290 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2001-56233 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2001 125896 | May 2001 | JP |
| 2001-148899 | May 2001 | JP |
| 2002-14954 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002 024212 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002-33794 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002-041624 | Feb 2002 | JP |
| 2002-82893 | Mar 2002 | JP |
| 2002-534716 | Oct 2002 | JP |
| 2002-342033 | Nov 2002 | JP |
| 2002-344880 | Nov 2002 | JP |
| 2002-542501 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2003-44091 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2003-84877 | Mar 2003 | JP |
| 2003 517158 | May 2003 | JP |
| 2003-233568 | Aug 2003 | JP |
| 2003-244317 | Aug 2003 | JP |
| 2003-288356 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2004-48804 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-54080 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-505322 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-505525 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-086356 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-152063 | May 2004 | JP |
| 2005-070645 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2005-86624 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2005-506602 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2005-92441 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 2005-181386 | Jul 2005 | JP |
| 2005-189454 | Jul 2005 | JP |
| 2005-221678 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| 2005-283843 | Oct 2005 | JP |
| 2005-311864 | Nov 2005 | JP |
| 2006-023860 | Jan 2006 | JP |
| 2006-31092 | Feb 2006 | JP |
| 2006-80617 | Mar 2006 | JP |
| 2006-107438 | Apr 2006 | JP |
| 2006-146008 | Jun 2006 | JP |
| 2006-195637 | Jul 2006 | JP |
| 2007-4633 | Jan 2007 | JP |
| 2007-53796 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2007-193794 | Aug 2007 | JP |
| 2007-206317 | Aug 2007 | JP |
| 2007-299352 | Nov 2007 | JP |
| 2007-333603 | Dec 2007 | JP |
| 2008-26381 | Feb 2008 | JP |
| 2008-39928 | Feb 2008 | JP |
| 2008-090545 | Apr 2008 | JP |
| 2008-97003 | Apr 2008 | JP |
| 2008-134949 | Jun 2008 | JP |
| 2008-526101 | Jul 2008 | JP |
| 2008-217468 | Sep 2008 | JP |
| 2008-233678 | Oct 2008 | JP |
| 2008-236448 | Oct 2008 | JP |
| 2008-271481 | Nov 2008 | JP |
| 2009-2850 | Jan 2009 | JP |
| 2009-503623 | Jan 2009 | JP |
| 2009 036999 | Feb 2009 | JP |
| 2009-047920 | Mar 2009 | JP |
| 2009-98490 | May 2009 | JP |
| 2009-186989 | Aug 2009 | JP |
| 2009-205367 | Sep 2009 | JP |
| 2009-294913 | Dec 2009 | JP |
| 2009-294946 | Dec 2009 | JP |
| 2010-078979 | Apr 2010 | JP |
| 2010-157207 | Jul 2010 | JP |
| 2010-535377 | Nov 2010 | JP |
| 2010-287063 | Dec 2010 | JP |
| 2011-41026 | Feb 2011 | JP |
| 2011-59659 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2013-511214 | Mar 2013 | JP |
| 2013-517566 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2015-501022 | Jan 2015 | JP |
| 10-1999-0073234 | Oct 1999 | KR |
| 11-2002-0013984 | Feb 2002 | KR |
| 10-2002-0057262 | Jul 2002 | KR |
| 10-2002-0069952 | Sep 2002 | KR |
| 10-2003-0016993 | Mar 2003 | KR |
| 10-2004-0044632 | May 2004 | KR |
| 10-2005-0083561 | Aug 2005 | KR |
| 10-2005-0090568 | Sep 2005 | KR |
| 10-2006-0011603 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0012730 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0073574 | Jun 2006 | KR |
| 10-2007-0024262 | Mar 2007 | KR |
| 10-2007-0057496 | Jun 2007 | KR |
| 10-2007-0071675 | Jul 2007 | KR |
| 10-2007-0100837 | Oct 2007 | KR |
| 10-0776800 | Nov 2007 | KR |
| 10-2008-001227 | Feb 2008 | KR |
| 10-0810500 | Mar 2008 | KR |
| 10-0819928 | Apr 2008 | KR |
| 10-2008-0049647 | Jun 2008 | KR |
| 10 2008 109322 | Dec 2008 | KR |
| 10-2009-0001716 | Jan 2009 | KR |
| 10 2009 086805 | Aug 2009 | KR |
| 10-0920267 | Oct 2009 | KR |
| 10-2010-0032792 | Apr 2010 | KR |
| 10-2010-0119519 | Nov 2010 | KR |
| 10 2011 0113414 | Oct 2011 | KR |
| 10-2012-0020164 | Mar 2012 | KR |
| 10-1193668 | Dec 2012 | KR |
| 1014847 | Oct 2001 | NL |
| 2273106 | Mar 2006 | RU |
| 2349970 | Mar 2009 | RU |
| 2353068 | Apr 2009 | RU |
| 200643744 | Dec 2006 | TW |
| 200735621 | Sep 2007 | TW |
| 200801988 | Jan 2008 | TW |
| 1993020640 | Oct 1993 | WO |
| 1994016434 | Jul 1994 | WO |
| 1994029788 | Dec 1994 | WO |
| WO 9502221 | Jan 1995 | WO |
| 1995016950 | Jun 1995 | WO |
| 1995017746 | Jun 1995 | WO |
| 1997010586 | Mar 1997 | WO |
| WO 9726612 | Jul 1997 | WO |
| 1997029614 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| 1997038488 | Oct 1997 | WO |
| 1997049044 | Dec 1997 | WO |
| 1998009270 | Mar 1998 | WO |
| 1998033111 | Jul 1998 | WO |
| WO 9841956 | Sep 1998 | WO |
| WO 9901834 | Jan 1999 | WO |
| WO 9908238 | Feb 1999 | WO |
| 1999016181 | Apr 1999 | WO |
| WO 9956227 | Nov 1999 | WO |
| 2000019697 | Apr 2000 | WO |
| 2000022820 | Apr 2000 | WO |
| 2000029964 | May 2000 | WO |
| 2000030070 | May 2000 | WO |
| 2000038041 | Jun 2000 | WO |
| 200041065 | Jul 2000 | WO |
| 2000044173 | Jul 2000 | WO |
| 2000063766 | Oct 2000 | WO |
| WO 200060435 | Oct 2000 | WO |
| WO 200060435 | Oct 2000 | WO |
| 2000068936 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| 2001006489 | Jan 2001 | WO |
| 2001030046 | Apr 2001 | WO |
| 2001030047 | Apr 2001 | WO |
| 2001033569 | May 2001 | WO |
| 2001035391 | May 2001 | WO |
| 2001046946 | Jun 2001 | WO |
| 2001065413 | Sep 2001 | WO |
| 2001067753 | Sep 2001 | WO |
| 0210900 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| 2002025610 | Mar 2002 | WO |
| 2002031814 | Apr 2002 | WO |
| 2002037469 | May 2002 | WO |
| 2002071259 | Sep 2002 | WO |
| WO 02073603 | Sep 2002 | WO |
| 2003003152 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| 2003003765 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| 2003023786 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| 2003041364 | May 2003 | WO |
| 2003049494 | Jun 2003 | WO |
| 2003056789 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| 2003067202 | Aug 2003 | WO |
| 2003084196 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| 2003094489 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| 2004008801 | Jan 2004 | WO |
| 2004025938 | Mar 2004 | WO |
| 2004047415 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004055637 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004057486 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004061850 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004084413 | Sep 2004 | WO |
| 2005003920 | Jan 2005 | WO |
| 2005008505 | Jan 2005 | WO |
| 2005008899 | Jan 2005 | WO |
| 2005010725 | Feb 2005 | WO |
| 2005027472 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| 2005027485 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| 2005031737 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| 2005034085 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| 2005041455 | May 2005 | WO |
| 2005059895 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| 2005069171 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| 2005101176 | Oct 2005 | WO |
| 2006020305 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2006054724 | May 2006 | WO |
| 2006056822 | Jun 2006 | WO |
| 2006078246 | Jul 2006 | WO |
| 2006101649 | Sep 2006 | WO |
| 2006133571 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| WO 2006129967 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| 2007002753 | Jan 2007 | WO |
| 2007080559 | Jul 2007 | WO |
| 2007083894 | Jul 2007 | WO |
| 2008030970 | Mar 2008 | WO |
| 2008071231 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008085742 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008109835 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| 2008140236 | Nov 2008 | WO |
| 2008153639 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009009240 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009016631 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| 2009017280 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| 2009104126 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| 2009156438 | Dec 2009 | WO |
| 2010075623 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| 2011057346 | May 2011 | WO |
| 2011060106 | May 2011 | WO |
| WO 2011088053 | Jul 2011 | WO |
| 2011116309 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| 2011133543 | Oct 2011 | WO |
| 2011150730 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2011163350 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2012154317 | Nov 2012 | WO |
| 2012167168 | Dec 2012 | WO |
| 2013048880 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report & Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/028412, dated Sep. 26, 2013, 17 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/028920, dated Jun. 27, 2013, 14 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/029156, dated Jul. 15, 2013, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/058916, dated Sep. 8, 2014, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/029050, dated Jul. 31, 2014, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/029562, dated Sep. 18, 2014, 21 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/040401, dated Sep. 4, 2014, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/040403, dated Sep. 23, 2014, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/041159, dated Sep. 26, 2014, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/041173, dated Sep. 10, 2014, 11 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/23822, dated Sep. 25, 2014, 14 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/056382, dated Apr. 10, 2014, 9 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/028412, dated Sep. 12, 2014, 12 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/028920, dated Sep. 18, 2014, 11 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/029156, dated Sep. 9, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Biemann et al., “Disentangling from Babylonian Confusion—Unsupervised Language Identification”, CICLing'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, vol. 3406, Feb. 2005, pp. 773-784. |
| Choularton et al., “User Responses to Speech Recognition Errors: Consistency of Behaviour Across Domains”, Proceedings of the 10th Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, Dec. 8-10, 2004, pp. 457-462. |
| Jiang et al., “A Syllable-based Name Transliteration System”, Proc. of the 2009 Named Entities Workshop, Aug. 7, 2009, pp. 96-99. |
| Kazemzadeh et al., “Acoustic Correlates of User Response to Error in Human-Computer Dialogues”, Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, 2003, pp. 215-220. |
| Kikui, Gen-Itiro, “Identifying the Coding System and Language of On-Line Documents on the Internet”, International Conference on Computational, Aug. 1996, pp. 652-657. |
| Meng et al., “Generating Phonetic Cognates to Handle Named Entities in English-Chinese Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval”, Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, Dec. 2001, pp. 311-314. |
| Russo et al., “Urgency is a Non-Monotonic Function of Pulse Rate”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 122, No. 5, 2007, 6 pages. |
| Sethy et al., “A Syllable Based Approach for Improved Recognition of Spoken Names”, ITRW on Pronunciation Modeling and Lexicon Adaptation for Spoken language Technology (PMLA2002), Sep. 14-15, 2002, pp. 30-35. |
| Strom et al., “Intelligent Barge-In in Conversational Systems”, MIT laboratory for Computer Science, 2000, 4 pages. |
| Henrich et al., “Language Identification for the Automatic Grapheme-To-Phoneme Conversion of Foreign Words in a German Text-To-Speech System”, Proceedings of the European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, vol. 2, Sep. 1989, pp. 220-223. |
| Sullivan, Danny, “How Google Instant's Autocomplete Suggestions Work”, available at <http://searchengineland.com/how-google-instant-autocomplete-suggestions-work-62592>, Apr. 6, 2011, 12 pages. |
| Summerfield et al., “ASIC Implementation of the Lyon Cochlea Model”, Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, vol. V, 1992, pp. 673-676. |
| T3 Magazine, “Creative MuVo TX 256MB”, available at <http://www.t3.co.uk/reviews/entertainment/mp3_player/creative_muvo_tx_256mb>, Aug. 17, 2004, 1 page. |
| TAOS, “TAOS, Inc. Announces Industry's First Ambient Light Sensor to Convert Light Intensity to Digital Signals”, News Release, available at <http://www.taosinc.com/presssrelease_090902.htm>, Sep. 16, 2002, 3 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “iTunes 2, Playlist Related Help Screens”, iTunes v2.0, 2000-2001, 8 pages. |
| Tello, Ernest R., “Natural-Language Systems”, Mastering AI Tools and Techniques, Howard W. Sams & Company, 1988. |
| TG3 Electronics, Inc., “BL82 Series Backlit Keyboards”, available at <http://www.tg3electronics.com/products/backlit/backlit.htm>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 2 pages. |
| The HP 150, “Hardware: Compact, Powerful, and Innovative”, vol. 8, No. 10, Oct. 1983, pp. 36-50. |
| Tidwell, Jenifer, “Animated Transition”, Designing Interfaces, Patterns for effective Interaction Design, Nov. 2005, First Edition, 4 pages. |
| Touch, Joseph, “Zoned Analog Personal Teleconferencing”, USC / Information Sciences Institute, 1993, pp. 1-19. |
| Toutanova et al., “Feature-Rich Part-of-Speech Tagging with a Cyclic Dependency Network”, Computer Science Dept., Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-9040, 2003, 8 pages. |
| Trigg et al., “Hypertext Habitats: Experiences of Writers in NoteCards”, Hypertext '87 Papers; Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 1987, pp. 89-108. |
| Trowbridge, David, “Using Andrew for Development of Educational Applications”, Center for Design of Educational Computing, Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU-ITC-85-065), Jun. 2, 1985, pp. 1-6. |
| Tsao et al., “Matrix Quantizer Design for LPC Speech Using the Generalized Lloyd Algorithm”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Jun. 1985), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 237-245. |
| Turletti, Thierry, “The INRIA Videoconferencing System (IVS)”, Oct. 1994, pp. 1-7. |
| Uslan et al., “A Review of Henter-Joyce's MAGic for Windows NT”, Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, Dec. 1999, pp. 666-668. |
| Uslan et al., “A Review of Supernova Screen Magnification Program for Windows”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Feb. 1999, pp. 108-110. |
| Uslan et al., “A Review of Two Screen Magnification Programs for Windows 95: Magnum 95 and LP-Windows”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Sep.-Oct. 1997, pp. 9-13. |
| Veiga, Alex, “AT&T Wireless Launching Music Service”, available at <http://bizyahoo.com/ap/041005/at_t_mobile_music_5.html?printer=1>, Oct. 5, 2004, 2 pages. |
| Vogel et al., “Shift: A Technique for Operating Pen-Based Interfaces Using Touch”, CHI '07 Proceedings, Mobile Interaction Techniques I, Apr. 28-May 3, 2007, pp. 657-666. |
| W3C Working Draft, “Speech Synthesis Markup Language Specification for the Speech Interface Framework”, available at <http://www.w3org./TR/speech-synthesis>, retrieved on Dec. 14, 2000, 42 pages. |
| Wadlow, M. G., “The Role of Human Interface Guidelines in the Design of Multimedia Applications”, Carnegie Mellon University (To be Published in Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, Summer 1990 (CMU-ITC-91-101), 1990, pp. 1-22. |
| Walker et al., “The LOCUS Distributed Operating System 1”, University of California Los Angeles, 1983, pp. 49-70. |
| Wang et al., “An Initial Study on Large Vocabulary Continuous Mandarin Speech Recognition with Limited Training Data Based on Sub-Syllabic Models”, International Computer Symposium, vol. 2, 1994, pp. 1140-1145. |
| Wang et al., “Tone Recognition of Continuous Mandarin Speech Based on Hidden Markov Model”, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 8, 1994, pp. 233-245. |
| Ware et al., “The DragMag Image Magnifier”, CHI '95 Mosaic of Creativity, May 7-11, 1995, pp. 407-408. |
| Ware et al., “The DragMag Image Magnifier Prototype I”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, Marlon, on a CD, Applicant is not Certain about the Date for the Video Clip., 1995. |
| Watabe et al., “Distributed Multiparty Desktop Conferencing System: MERMAID”, CSCW 90 Proceedings, Oct. 1990, pp. 27-38. |
| White, George M., “Speech Recognition, Neural Nets, and Brains”, Jan. 1992, pp. 1-48. |
| Wikipedia, “Acoustic Model”, available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AcousticModel>, retrieved on Sep. 14, 2011, 2 pages. |
| Wikipedia, “Language Model”, available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_model>, retrieved on Sep. 14, 2011, 3 pages. |
| Wikipedia, “Speech Recognition”, available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition>, retrieved on Sep. 14, 2011, 10 pages. |
| Wilensky et al., “Talking to UNIX in English: An Overview of UC”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 27, No. 6, Jun. 1984, pp. 574-593. |
| Wilson, Mark, “New iPod Shuffle Moves Buttons to Headphones, Adds Text to Speech”, available at <http://gizmodo.com/5167946/new-ipod-shuffle-moves-buttons-to-headphones-adds-text-to-speech>, Mar. 11, 2009, 13 pages. |
| WIRELESSINFO, “SMS/MMS Ease of Use (8.0)”, available at <http://www.wirelessinfo.com/content/palm-Treo-750-Cell-Phone-Review/Messaging.htm>, Mar. 2007, 3 pages. |
| Wong et al., “An 800 Bit/s Vector Quantization LPC Vocoder”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Oct. 1982), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 222-232. |
| Wong et al., “Very Low Data Rate Speech Compression with LPC Vector and Matrix Quantization”, (Proceedings of the IEEE Int'l Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1983), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 233-236. |
| Wu et al., “Automatic Generation of Synthesis Units and Prosodic Information for Chinese Concatenative Synthesis”, Speech Communication, vol. 35, No. 3-4, Oct. 2001, pp. 219-237. |
| Yang et al., “Auditory Representations of Acoustic Signals”, IEEE Transactions of Information Theory, vol. 38, No. 2, Mar. 1992, pp. 824-839. |
| Yang et al., “Hidden Markov Model for Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 36, No. 7, Jul. 1988, pp. 988-992. |
| Yiourgalis et al., “Text-to-Speech system for Greek”, ICASSP 91, vol. 1, May 14-17, 1991., pp. 525-528. |
| Zainab, “Google Input Tools Shows Onscreen Keyboard in Multiple Languages [Chrome]”, available at <http://www.addictivetips.com/internet-tips/google-input-tools-shows-multiple-language-onscreen-keyboards-chrome/>, Jan. 3, 2012, 3 pages. |
| Zelig, “A Review of the Palm Treo 750v”, available at <http://www.mtekk.com.au/Articles/tabid/54/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/769/A-Review-of-the-Palm-Treo-750v.aspx>, Feb. 5, 2007, 3 pages. |
| Zhang et al., “Research of Text Classification Model Based on Latent Semantic Analysis and Improved HS-SVM”, Intelligent Systems and Applications (ISA), 2010 2nd International Workshop, May 22-23, 2010, 5 pages. |
| Ziegler, K, “A Distributed Information System Study”, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 18, No. 3, 1979, pp. 374-401. |
| Zipnick et al., “U.S. Appl. No. 10/859,661, filed Jun. 2, 2004”. |
| “2004 Chrysler Pacifica: U-Connect Hands-Free Communication System”, The Best and Brightest of 2004, Brief Article, Automotive Industries, Sep. 2003, 1 page. |
| “2007 Lexus GS 450h 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl Gas/Electric Hybrid CVT)”, available at <http://review.cnet.com/4505-10865_16-31833144.html>, retrieved on Aug. 3, 2006, 10 pages. |
| “All Music Website”, available at <http://www.allmusic.com/>, retrieved on Mar. 19, 2007, 2 pages. |
| “BluePhoneElite: About”, available at <http://www.reelintelligence.com/BluePhoneElite>, retrieved on Sep. 25, 2006, 2 pages. |
| “BluePhoneElite: Features”, available at <http://www.reelintelligence.com/BluePhoneElite/features.shtml,>, retrieved on Sep. 25, 2006, 2 pages. |
| “Digital Audio in the New Era”, Electronic Design and Application, No. 6, Jun. 30, 2003, 3 pages. |
| “Mobile Speech Solutions, Mobile Accessibility”, SVOX AG Product Information Sheet, available at <http://www.svox.com/site/bra840604/con782768/mob965831936.aSQ?osLang=1>, Sep. 27, 2012, 1 page. |
| “N200 Hands-Free Bluetooth Car Kit”, available at <www.wirelessground.com>, retrieved on Mar. 19, 2007, 3 pages. |
| “PhatNoise”, Voice Index on Tap, Kenwood Music Keg, available at <http://www. phatnoise.com/kenwood/kenwoodssamail.html>, retrieved on Jul. 13, 2006, 1 page. |
| “What is Fuzzy Logic?”, available at <http://www.cs.cmu.edu>, retrieved on Apr. 15, 1993, 5 pages. |
| “Windows XP: A Big Surprise!—Experiencing Amazement from Windows XP”, New Computer, No. 2, Feb. 28, 2002, 8 pages. |
| Aikawa et al., “Generation for Multilingual MT”, available at <http://mtarchive.info/MTS-2001-Aikawa.pdf>, retrieved on Sep. 18, 2001, 6 pages. |
| Anhui USTC IFL YTEK Co. Ltd., “Flytek Research Center Information Datasheet”, available at <http://www.iflttek.com/english/Research.htm>, retrieved on Oct. 15, 2004, 3 pages. |
| Borden IV, G.R., “An Aural User Interface for Ubiquitous Computing”, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Wearable Computers, IEEE, 2002, 2 pages. |
| Brain, Marshall, “How MP3 Files Work”, available at <http://www.howstuffworks.com>, retrieved on Mar. 19, 2007, 4 pages. |
| Busemann et al., “Natural Language Diaglogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents”, Technical Report RR-97-02, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Kunstliche Intelligenz GmbH, 1997, 8 pages. |
| Dusan et al., “Multimodal Interaction on PDA's Integrating Speech and Pen Inputs”, Eurospeech Geneva, 2003, 4 pages. |
| Lamel et al., “Generation and synthesis of Broadcast Messages”, Proceedings of ESCA-NATO Workshop: Applications of Speech Technology, Sep. 1, 1993, 4 pages. |
| Lyons et al., “Augmenting Conversations Using Dual-Purpose Speech”, Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology, 2004, 10 pages. |
| Macsimum News, “Apple Files Patent for an Audio Interface for the iPod”, available at <http://www.macsimumnews.com/index.php/archive/apple_files_patent_for_an_audio_interface_for_the_ipod>, retrieved on Jul. 13, 2006, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2004/016519, dated Nov. 3, 2005, 6 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees and Partial International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2004/016519, dated Aug. 4, 2005, 6 pages. |
| International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/037014, dated Oct. 4, 2011, 6 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Search Fees received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/037014, dated Aug. 2, 2011, 6 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/043098, dated Nov. 14, 2012, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/040971, dated Nov. 12, 2013, 11 pages. |
| Quazza et al., “Actor: A Multilingual Unit-Selection Speech Synthesis System”, Proceedings of 4th ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop on Speech Synthesis, Jan. 1, 2001, 6 pages. |
| Ricker, Thomas, “Apple Patents Audio User Interface”, Engadget, available at <http://www.engadget.com/2006/05/04/apple-patents-audio-user-interface/>, May 4, 2006, 6 pages. |
| Santaholma, Marianne E., “Grammar Sharing Techniques for Rule-based Multilingual NLP Systems”, Proceedings of the 16th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics, NODALIDA 2007, May 25, 2007, 8 pages. |
| Taylor et al., “Speech Synthesis by Phonological Structure Matching”, International Speech Communication Association, vol. 2, Section 3, 1999, 4 pages. |
| Xu et al., “Speech-Based Interactive Games for Language Learning: Reading, Translation, and Question-Answering”, Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, vol. 14, No. 2, Jun. 2009, pp. 133-160. |
| Yunker, John, “Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies”, New Riders, Aug. 22, 2002, 11 pages. |
| International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2009/051684, dated Mar. 12, 2010, 4 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2009/051684, dated Jun. 23, 2011, 10 pages. |
| Cucerzan et al., “Bootstrapping a Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagger in One Person-Day”, In Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Natural Language Learning, vol. 20, 2002, pp. 1-7. |
| Schone et al., “Knowledge-Free Induction of Morphology Using Latent Semantic Analysis”, Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Learning Language in Logic and the 4th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, vol. 7, 2000, pp. 67-72. |
| Phillips, Dick, “The Multi-Media Workstation”, SIGGRAPH '89 Panel Proceedings, 1989, pp. 93-109. |
| Gong et al., “Guidelines for Handheld Mobile Device Interface Design”, Proceedings of DSI 2004 Annual Meeting, 2004, pp. 3751-3756. |
| Horvitz et al., “Handsfree Decision Support: Toward a Non-invasive Human-Computer Interface”, Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1995, p. 955. |
| Horvitz et al., “In Pursuit of Effective Handsfree Decision Support: Coupling Bayesian Inference, Speech Understanding, and User Models”, 1995, 8 pages. |
| Apple Computer, “Knowledge Navigator”, published by Apple Computer no later than 2008, as depicted in Exemplary Screenshots from video entitled ‘Knowledge Navigator’, 2008, 7 pages. |
| Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Jan. 8, 2018, 6 pages. |
| Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Jul. 19, 2019, 3 pages. |
| Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Mar. 15, 2016, 6 pages. |
| Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Mar. 11, 2016, 6 pages. |
| Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Mar. 26, 2018, 3 pages. |
| Board Opinion received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280058606.X, dated Apr. 19, 2017, 11 pages (1 page of English Summary and 10 pages of Official Copy). |
| Corrected Notice of Allowance received for U.S. Appl. No. 14/210,183, dated Nov. 20, 2019, 4 pages. |
| Decision on Appeal received for U.S. Appl. No. 14/210,183, dated Aug. 2, 2019, 16 pages. |
| Decision to Grant received for European Patent Application No. 12770373.4, dated Sep. 26, 2019, 2 pages. |
| Decision to Grant received for European Patent Application No. 14737379.9, dated Nov. 22, 2018, 2 pages. |
| Decision to Refusal received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-533617, dated May 6, 2016, 5 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 3 pages of Official Copy). |
| Decision to Refuse received for European Patent Application No. 14736158.8, dated May 15, 2019, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Aug. 31, 2017, 52 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Dec. 4, 2015, 26 pages. |
| Final Office Action Received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Mar. 11, 2019, 39 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Nov. 6, 2015, 20 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Sep. 27, 2017, 26 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Mar. 2, 2017, 20 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Mar. 7, 2019, 27 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Nov. 1, 2017, 23 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Nov. 3, 2015, 32 pages. |
| Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 14/210,183, dated Jun. 27, 2016, 23 pages. |
| Intention to Grant received for European Patent Application No. 12770373.4, dated Jun. 5, 2019, 9 pages. |
| Intention to Grant received for European Patent Application No. 14737379.9, dated Jul. 20, 2018, 7 pages. |
| Minutes of the Oral Proceedings received for European Patent Application No. 14736158.8, mailed on Apr. 30, 2019, 4 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Jun. 14, 2018, 27 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Apr. 10, 2015, 26 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Jan. 18, 2017, 33 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Jun. 5, 2018, 49 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Jan. 13, 2017, 22 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Mar. 23, 2015, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Oct. 9, 2018, 34 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Sep. 23, 2019, 42 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Aug. 21, 2019, 25 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,428, dated Mar. 26, 2015, 31 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 14/210,183, dated Oct. 21, 2015, 19 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 16/200,281, dated May 15, 2019, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Acceptance received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-7011766, dated Jan. 26, 2016, 3 pages (1 page of English Translation and 2 pages of Official Copy). |
| Notice of Allowance received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480029963.2, dated Feb. 25, 2019, 2 pages (1 page of English Translation and 1 page of Official Copy). |
| Notice of Allowance received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480030632.0, dated Mar. 12, 2019, 4 pages (1 page of English Translation and 3 pages of Official Copy). |
| Notice of Allowance received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-533617, dated May 21, 2018, 4 pages (2 page of English Translation and 2 pages of official copy). |
| Notice of Allowance received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-7033597, dated Oct. 13, 2017, 2 pages (Official Copy Only). (See Communication under 37 CFR § 1.98(a) (3)). |
| Notice of Allowance received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-7033745, dated Nov. 29, 2017, 3 pages (1 page of English Translation and 2 pages of Official Copy). |
| Notice of Allowance received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, dated Jul. 30, 2019, 26 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance received for U.S. Appl. No. 14/210,183, dated Oct. 17, 2019, 7 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2012316484, dated Jan. 21, 2016, 4 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2012316484, dated Jan. 30, 2015, 4 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2016200568, dated Feb. 19, 2018, 5 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2016200568, dated Mar. 7, 2018, 6 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2016200568, dated Mar. 9, 2017, 3 pages. |
| Office Action received for Australian Patent Application No. 2016200568, dated Nov. 9, 2017, 3 pages. |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280058606.X, dated Apr. 18, 2016, 11 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280058606.X, dated Feb. 2, 2015, 25 pages (13 pages of English Translation and 12 pages of Official copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280058606.X, dated Oct. 26, 2015, 21 pages (13 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Official copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480029963.2, dated Aug. 6, 2018, 10 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 7 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480029963.2, dated Dec. 18, 2017, 11 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480029963.2, dated May 2, 2017, 14 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 9 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480030632.0, dated Aug. 29, 2018, 8 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480030632.0, dated Mar. 8, 2018, 19 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 14 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201480030632.0, dated May 26, 2017, 19 pages (7 pages of English Translation and 12 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 12770373.4, dated Aug. 25, 2016, 5 pages. |
| Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 14736158.8, dated Feb. 9, 2018, 6 pages. |
| Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 14737379.9, dated Mar. 5, 2018, 5 pages. |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-533617, dated Jul. 17, 2015, 9 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 4 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-533617, dated Mar. 3, 2017, 6 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 3 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-533617, dated Nov. 13, 2017, 6 pages (3 page of English Translation and 3 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-172025, dated Feb. 12, 2019, 5 pages (2 Pages of English Translation and 3 Pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-172025, dated Jul. 7, 2017, 8 pages (4 pages of English Translation and 4 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-172025, dated Jun. 8, 2018, 8 pages (4 pages of English Translation and 4 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-7011766, dated Jun. 22, 2015, 4 pages (1 page of English Translation and 3 pages of Official Copy). |
| Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-7033597, dated Feb. 8, 2017, 9 pages (4 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-7033745, dated Jul. 31, 2017, 9 pages (4 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of official copy). |
| Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-7033745, dated Sep. 14, 2016, 16 pages (7 pages of English Translation and 9 pages of Official Copy). |
| Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition (SISR) Version 1.0,“W3C Recommendation”, Apr. 5, 2007, 45 pages. |
| Summons to Attend Oral Proceeding received for European Patent Application No. 12770373.4, mailed on Oct. 17, 2018, 9 pages. |
| Summons to Attend Oral Proceedings received for European Patent Application No. 14736158.8, mailed on Nov. 6, 2018, 11 pages. |
| Funakoshi et al., “Lalognosis based on Domain Ontology”, Manuscripts of 21st National Convention of JSAI2007, The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, Jun. 22, 2007, 8 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Official Copy). |
| Popescu et al., “Modern natural language interfaces to databases: composing statistical parsing with semantic tractability”, Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics, Aug. 23-27, 2004, Article No. 141, 7 pages. |
| Sutton et al., “Joint parsing and semantic role labeling”, Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, Jun. 29-30, 2005, pp. 225-228. |
| Tanaka, Tatsuo, “Next Generation IT Channel Strategy Through Experience Technology”, Intellectual Resource Creation, Japan, Nomura Research Institute Ltd. vol. 19, No. 1, Dec. 20, 2010, 17 pages (Official Copy only). (See Communication under 37 CFR § 1.98(a) (3)). |
| Eslambolchilar et al., “Making Sense of Fisheye Views”, Second Dynamics and Interaction Workshop at University of Glasgow, Aug. 2005, 6 pages. |
| Eslambolchilar et al., “Multimodal Feedback for Tilt Controlled Speed Dependent Automatic Zooming”, UIST'04, Oct. 24-27, 2004, 2 pages. |
| Fanty et al., “A Comparison of DFT, PLP and Cochleagram for Alphabet Recognition”, IEEE, Nov. 1991. |
| Findlater et al., “Beyond QWERTY: Augmenting Touch-Screen Keyboards with Multi-Touch Gestures for Non-Alphanumeric Input”, CHI '12, Austin, Texas, USA, May 5-10, 2012, 4 pages. |
| Fisher et al., “Virtual Environment Display System”, Interactive 3D Graphics, Oct. 23-24, 1986, pp. 77-87. |
| Forsdick, Harry, “Explorations into Real-Time Multimedia Conferencing”, Proceedings of the Ifip Tc 6 International Symposium on Computer Message Systems, 1986, 331 pages. |
| Furnas et al., “Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces”, CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1995, pp. 234-241. |
| Furnas, George W., “Effective View Navigation”, Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Mar. 1997, pp. 367-374. |
| Furnas, George W., “Generalized Fisheye Views”, CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, vol. 17, No. 4, Apr. 1986, pp. 16-23. |
| Furnas, George W., “The Fisheye Calendar System”, Bellcore Technical Memorandum, Nov. 19, 1991. |
| Gardner, Jr., P. C., “A System for the Automated Office Environment”, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 20, No. 3, 1981, pp. 321-345. |
| Garretson, R., “IBM Adds ‘Drawing Assistant’ Design Tool to Graphic Series”, PC Week, vol. 2, No. 32, Aug. 13, 1985, 1 page. |
| Gaver et al., “One Is Not Enough: Multiple Views in a Media Space”, INTERCHI, Apr. 24-29, 1993, pp. 335-341. |
| Gaver et al., “Realizing a Video Environment: EuroPARC's RAVE System”, Rank Xerox Cambridge EuroPARC, 1992, pp. 27-35. |
| Giachin et al., “Word Juncture Modeling Using Inter-Word Context-Dependent Phone-Like Units”, Cselt Technical Reports, vol. 20, No. 1, Mar. 1992, pp. 43-47. |
| Gillespie, Kelly, “Adventures in Integration”, Data Based Advisor, vol. 9, No. 9, Sep. 1991, pp. 90-92. |
| Gillespie, Kelly, “Internationalize Your Applications with Unicode”, Data Based Advisor, vol. 10, No. 10, Oct. 1992, pp. 136-137. |
| Gilloire et al., “Innovative Speech Processing for Mobile Terminals: An Annotated Bibliography”, Signal Processing, vol. 80, No. 7, Jul. 2000, pp. 1149-1166. |
| Glinert-Stevens, Susan, “Microsoft Publisher: Desktop Wizardry”, PC Sources, vol. 3, No. 2, Feb. 1992, 1 page. |
| Gmail, “About Group Chat”, available at <http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=81090>, Nov. 26, 2007, 2 pages. |
| Goldberg, Cheryl, “IBM Drawing Assistant: Graphics for the EGA”, PC Magazine, vol. 4, No. 26, Dec. 24, 1985, 1 page. |
| Good et al., “Building a User-Derived Interface”, Communications of the ACM; (Oct. 1984) vol. 27, No. 10, Oct. 1984, pp. 1032-1043. |
| Gray et al., “Rate Distortion Speech Coding with a Minimum Discrimination Information Distortion Measure”, (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Nov. 1981), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press), 1990, pp. 208-221. |
| Greenberg, Saul, “A Fisheye Text Editor for Relaxed-WYSIWIS Groupware”, CHI '96 Companion, Vancouver, Canada, Apr. 13-18, 1996, 2 pages. |
| Griffin et al., “Signal Estimation From Modified Short-Time Fourier Transform”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-32, No. 2, Apr. 1984, pp. 236-243. |
| Gruhn et al., “A Research Perspective on Computer-Assisted Office Work”, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 18, No. 3, 1979, pp. 432-456. |
| Hain et al., “The Papageno TTS System”, Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Munich, Germany TC-STAR Workshop, 2006, 6 pages. |
| Halbert, D. C., “Programming by Example”, Dept. Electrical Engineering and Comp. Sciences, University of California, Berkley, Nov. 1984, pp. 1-76. |
| Hall, William S., “Adapt Your Program for Worldwide Use with Windows.TM. Internationalization Support”, Microsoft Systems Journal, vol. 6, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1991, pp. 29-58. |
| Haoui et al., “Embedded Coding of Speech: A Vector Quantization Approach”, (Proceedings of the IEEE International Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Mar. 1985), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 297-299. |
| Hartson et al., “Advances in Human-Computer Interaction”, Chapters 1, 5, and 6, vol. 3, 1992, 121 pages. |
| Heger et al., “KNOWBOT: An Adaptive Data Base Interface”, Nuclear Science and Engineering, V. 107, No. 2, Feb. 1991, pp. 142-157. |
| Hendrix et al., “The Intelligent Assistant: Technical Considerations Involved in Designing Q&A's Natural-Language Interface”, Byte Magazine, Issue 14, Dec. 1987, 1 page. |
| Heyer et al., “Exploring Expression Data: Identification and Analysis of Coexpressed Genes”, Genome Research, vol. 9, 1999, pp. 1106-1115. |
| Hill, R. D., “Some Important Features and Issues in User Interface Management System”, Dynamic Graphics Project, University of Toronto, CSRI, vol. 21, No. 2, Apr. 1987, pp. 116-120. |
| Hinckley et al., “A Survey of Design Issues in Spatial Input”, UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 1994, pp. 213-222. |
| Hiroshi, “TeamWork Station: Towards a Seamless Shared Workspace”, NTT Human Interface Laboratories, CSCW 90 Proceedings, Oct. 1990, pp. 13-26. |
| Holmes, “Speech System and Research”, 1955, pp. 129-135, 152-153. |
| Hon et al., “Towards Large Vocabulary Mandarin Chinese Speech Recognition”, Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP-94, IEEE International, vol. 1, Apr. 1994, pp. 545-548. |
| Hopper, Andy, “Pandora—An Experimental System for Multimedia Applications”, Olivetti Research Laboratory, Apr. 1990, pp. 19-34. |
| Howard, John H., “(Abstract) An Overview of the Andrew File System”, Information Technology Center, Carnegie Mellon University; (CMU-ITC-88-062) To Appear in a future issue of the ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 1988, pp. 1-6. |
| Huang et al., “Real-Time Software-Based Video Coder for Multimedia Communication Systems”, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, 1993, 10 pages. |
| Hukin, R. W., “Testing an Auditory Model by Resynthesis”, European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Sep. 26-29, 1989, pp. 243-246. |
| Hunt, “Unit Selection in a Concatenative Speech Synthesis System Using a Large Speech Database”, Copyright 1996 IEEE. “To appear in Proc. ICASSP-96, May 7-10, Atlanta, GA” ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Labs, Kyoto Japan, 1996, pp. 373-376. |
| IBM, “Why Buy: ThinkPad”, available at <http://www.pc.ibm.com/us/thinkpad/easeofuse.html>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 2 pages. |
| IBM Corporation, “Simon Says Here's How”, Users Manual, 1994, 3 pages. |
| IChat AV, “Video Conferencing for the Rest of Us”, Apple—Mac OS X—iChat AV, available at <http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/ichat/>, retrieved on Apr. 13, 2006, 3 pages. |
| IPhone Hacks, “Native iPhone MMS Application Released”, available at <http://www.iphonehacks.com/2007/12/iphone-mms-app.html>, retrieved on Dec. 25, 2007, 5 pages. |
| IPhonechat, “iChat for iPhone in JavaScript”, available at <http://www.publictivity.com/iPhoneChat/>, retrieved on Dec. 25, 2007, 2 pages. |
| Jabra, “Bluetooth Headset: User Manual”, 2005, 17 pages. |
| adobe.com, “Reading PDF Documents with Adobe Reader 6.0 A Guide for People with Disabilities”, Available online at <https://www.adobe.com/enterprise/accessibility/pdfs/acro6_cg_ue.pdf>, Jan. 2004, 76 pages. |
| Bertolucci, Jeff, “Google Adds Voice Search to Chrome Browser”, PC World, Jun. 14, 2011, 5 pages. |
| Dobrisek et al., “Evolution of the Information-Retrieval System for Blind and Visually-Impaired People”, International Journal of Speech Technology, 2003, vol. 6, pp. 301-309. |
| Lee et al., “A Multi-Touch Three Dimensional Touch-Sensitive Tablet”, CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 1985, pp. 21-25. |
| Martins et al., “Extracting and Exploring the Geo-Temporal Semantics of Textual Resources”, IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, 2008, pp. 1-9. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2009/055577, completed on Aug. 6, 2010, 12 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2009/055577, dated Jan. 26, 2010, 9 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/041225, dated Nov. 27, 2014, 9 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/047668, dated Jan. 8, 2015, 13 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/052558, dated Feb. 12, 2015, 12 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/058916, dated Mar. 19, 2015, 8 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/060121, dated Apr. 2, 2015, 6 pages. |
| Rios, Mafe, “New Bar Search for Facebook”, YouTube, available at <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwgN1WbvCas>, Jul. 19, 2013, 2 pages. |
| Rubine, Dean, “Combining Gestures and Direct Manipulation”, CHI '92, May 3-7, 1992, pp. 659-660. |
| Rubine, Dean Harris., “The Automatic Recognition of Gestures”, CMU-CS-91-202, Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at Carnegie Melon University, Dec. 1991, 285 pages. |
| Sen et al., “Indian Accent Text-to-Speech System for Web Browsing”, Sadhana, vol. 27, No. 1, Feb. 2002, pp. 113-126. |
| Tombros et al., “Users' Perception of Relevance of Spoken Documents”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, New York, vol. 51, No. 10, Aug. 2000, pp. 929-939. |
| Westerman, Wayne, “Hand Tracking, Finger Identification and Chordic Manipulation on a Multi-Touch Surface”, Doctoral Dissertation, 1999, 363 Pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/047668, dated Feb. 13, 2014, 17 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/052558, dated Jan. 30, 2014, 15 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/060121, dated Dec. 6, 2013, 8 pages. |
| Applicant Initiated Interview Summary received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/913,421, dated Jan. 16, 2020, 4 pages. |
| Alfred App, 2011, http://www.alfredapp.com/, 5 pages. |
| Ambite, JL., et al., “Design and Implementation of the CALO Query Manager,” Copyright © 2006, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, (www.aaai.org), 8 pages. |
| Ambite, JL., et al., “Integration of Heterogeneous Knowledge Sources in the CALO Query Manager,” 2005, The 4th International Conference on Ontologies, DataBases, and Applications of Semantics (ODBASE), Agia Napa, Cyprus, ttp://www.isi.edu/people/ambite/publications/integration_heterogeneous_knowledge_sources_calo_query_manager, 18 pages. |
| Belvin, R. et al., “Development of the HRL Route Navigation Dialogue System,” 2001, In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research, Paper, Copyright © 2001 HRL Laboratories, LLC, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.6538, 5 pages. |
| Berry, P. M., et al. “PTIME: Personalized Assistance for Calendaring,” ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, vol. 2, No. 4, Article 40, Publication date: Jul. 2011, 40:1-22, 22 pages. |
| Bussler, C., et al., “Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX),” Jun. 3, 2005, W3C Member Submission, http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSMX, 29 pages. |
| Butcher, M., “EVI arrives in town to go toe-to-toe with Siri,” Jan. 23, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/23/evi-arrives-in-town-to-go-toe-to-toe-with-siri/, 2 pages. |
| Chen, Y., “Multimedia Siri Finds and Plays Whatever You Ask for,” Feb. 9, 2012, http://www.psfk.com/2012/02/multimedia-siri.html, 9 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., “About Adam Cheyer,” Sep. 17, 2012, http://www.adam.cheyer.com/about.html, 2 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., “A Perspective on AI & Agent Technologies for SCM,” VerticalNet, 2001 presentation, 22 pages. |
| Cheyer, A. et al., “Spoken Language and Multimodal Applications for Electronic Realties,” © Springer-Verlag London Ltd, Virtual Reality 1999, 3:1-15, 15 pages. |
| Cutkosky, M. R. et al., “PACT: An Experiment in Integrating Concurrent Engineering Systems,” Journal, Computer, vol. 26 Issue 1, Jan. 1993, IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos, CA, USA, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=165320, 14 pages. |
| Domingue, J., et al., “Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)—An Ontology for Semantic Web Services,” Jun. 9-10, 2005, position paper at the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria, 6 pages. |
| Elio, R. et al., “On Abstract Task Models and Conversation Policies,” http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/˜ree/publications/papers2/ATS.AA99.pdf, May 1999, 10 pages. |
| Ericsson, S. et al., “Software illustrating a unified approach to multimodality and multilinguality in the in-home domain,” Dec. 22, 2006, Talk and Look: Tools for Ambient Linguistic Knowledge, http://www.talk-project.eurice.eu/fileadmin/talk/publications_public/deliverables_public/D1_6.pdf, 127 pages. |
| Evi, “Meet Evi: the one mobile app that provides solutions for your everyday problems,” Feb. 8, 2012, http://www.evi.com/, 3 pages. |
| Feigenbaum, E., et al., “Computer-assisted Semantic Annotation of Scientific Life Works,” 2007, http://tomgruber.org/writing/stanford-cs300.pdf, 22 pages. |
| Gannes, L., “Alfred App Gives Personalized Restaurant Recommendations,” allthingsd.com, Jul. 18, 2011, http://allthingsd.com/20110718/alfred-app-gives-personalized-restaurant-recommendations/, 3 pages. |
| Gautier, P. O., et al. “Generating Explanations of Device Behavior Using Compositional Modeling and Causal Ordering,” 1993, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.8394, 9 pages. |
| Gervasio, M. T., et al., Active Preference Learning for Personalized Calendar Scheduling Assistancae, Copyright © 2005, http://www.ai.sri.com/˜gervasio/pubs/gervasio-iui05.pdf, 8 pages. |
| Glass, A., “Explaining Preference Learning,” 2006, http://cs229.stanford.edu/proj2006/Glass-ExplainingPreferenceLearning.pdf, 5 pages. |
| Glass, J., et al., “Multilingual Spoken-Language Understanding in the MIT Voyager System,” Aug. 1995, http://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/1995/speechcomm95-voyager.pdf, 29 pages. |
| Goddeau, D., et al., “A Form-Based Dialogue Manager for Spoken Language Applications,” Oct. 1996, http://phasedance.com/pdf/icslp96.pdf, 4 pages. |
| Goddeau, D., et al., “Galaxy: A Human-Language Interface to On-Line Travel Information,” 1994 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Sep. 18-22, 1994, Pacific Convention Plaza Yokohama, Japan, 6 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., et al., “An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics,” In Jon Doyle, Piero Torasso, & Erik Sandewall, Eds., Fourth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Gustav Stresemann Institut, Bonn, Germany, Morgan Kaufmann, 1994, http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/knowledge-sharing/papers/engmath.html, 22 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Sep. 1992, Technical Report KSL 92-71, Revised Apr. 1993, 27 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Automated Knowledge Acquisition for Strategic Knowledge,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Machine Learning, 4, 293-336 (1989), 44 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “(Avoiding) the Travesty of the Commons,” Presentation at NPUC 2006, New Paradigms for User Computing, IBM Almaden Research Center, Jul. 24, 2006. http://tomgruber.org/writing/avoiding-travestry.htm, 52 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Big Think Small Screen: How semantic computing in the cloud will revolutionize the consumer experience on the phone,” Keynote presentation at Web 3.0 conference, Jan. 27, 2010, http://tomgruber.org/writing/web30jan2010.htm, 41 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Collaborating around Shared Content on the WWW,” W3C Workshop on WWW and Collaboration, Cambridge, MA, Sep. 11, 1995, http://www.w3.org/Collaboration/Workshop/Proceedings/P9.html, 1 page. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Collective Knowledge Systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web,” Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web (2007), doi:10.1016/j.websem.2007.11.011, keynote presentation given at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Nov. 7, 2006, 19 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Despite our Best Efforts, Ontologies are not the Problem,” AAAI Spring Symposium, Mar. 2008, http://tomgruber.org/writing/aaai-ss08.htm, 40 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Enterprise Collaboration Management with Intraspect,” Intraspect Software, Inc., Instraspect Technical White Paper Jul. 2001, 24 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Every ontology is a treaty—a social agreement—among people with some common motive in sharing,” Interview by Dr. Miltiadis D. Lytras, Official Quarterly Bulletin of AIS Special Interest Group on Semantic Web and Information Systems, vol. 1, Issue 3, 2004, http://www.sigsemis.org 1, 5 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., et al., “Generative Design Rationale: Beyond the Record and Replay Paradigm,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Dec. 1991, Technical Report KSL 92-59, Updated Feb. 1993, 24 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Helping Organizations Collaborate, Communicate, and Learn,” Presentation to NASA Ames Research, Mountain View, CA, Mar. 2003, http://tomgruber.org/writing/organizational-intelligence-talk.htm, 30 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Intelligence at the Interface: Semantic Technology and the Consumer Internet Experience,” Presentation at Semantic Technologies conference (SemTech08), May 20, 2008, http://tomgruber.org/writing.htm, 40 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., Interactive Acquisition of Justifications: Learning “Why” by Being Told “What” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Oct. 1990, Technical Report KSL 91-17, Revised Feb. 1991, 24 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “It Is What It Does: The Pragmatics of Ontology for Knowledge Sharing,” (c) 2000, 2003, http://www.cidoc-crm.org/docs/symposium_presentations/gruber_cidoc-ontology-2003.pdf, 21 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., et al., “Machine-generated Explanations of Engineering Models: A Compositional Modeling Approach,” (1993) In Proc. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.930, 7 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “2021: Mass Collaboration and the Really New Economy,” TNTY Futures, the newsletter of The Next Twenty Years series, vol. 1, Issue 6, Aug. 2001, http://www.tnty.com/newsletter/futures/archive/v01-05business.html, 5 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., et al.,“NIKE: A National Infrastructure for Knowledge Exchange,” Oct. 1994, http://www.eit.com/papers/nike/nike.html and nike.ps, 10 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Ontologies, Web 2.0 and Beyond,” Apr. 24, 2007, Ontology Summit 2007, http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolog-social-web-keynote.pdf, 17 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Ontology of Folksonomy: A Mash-up of Apples and Oranges,” Originally published to the web in 2005, Int'l Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems, 3(2), 2007, 7 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Siri, a Virtual Personal Assistant—Bringing Intelligence to the Interface,” Jun. 16, 2009, Keynote presentation at Semantic Technologies conference, Jun. 2009. http://tomgruber.org/writing/semtech09.htm, 22 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “TagOntology,” Presentation to Tag Camp, www.tagcamp.org, Oct. 29, 2005, 20 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., et al., “Toward a Knowledge Medium for Collaborative Product Development,” In Artificial Intelligence in Design 1992, from Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, Pittsburgh, USA, Jun. 22-25, 1992, 19 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing,” In International Journal Human-Computer Studies 43, p. 907-928, substantial revision of paper presented at the International Workshop on Formal Ontology, Mar. 1993, Padova, Italy, available as Technical Report KSL 93-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, further revised Aug. 23, 1993, 23 pages. |
| Gruber, T. R., “Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web,” Presentation at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Nov. 7, 2006, 38 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “A Unified Platform for Building Intelligent Web Interaction Assistants,” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, Computer Society, 4 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “Modeling Human-Agent Interaction with Active Ontologies,” 2007, AAAI Spring Symposium, Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 8 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, a Tool for Building Intelligent User Interfaces,” ASC 2007, Palma de Mallorca, http://lsro.epfl.ch/page-34241.html, 6 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, a Platform for Building Intelligent Operating Rooms,” Surgetica 2007 Computer-Aided Medical Interventions: tools and applications, pp. 191-198, Paris, 2007, Sauramps Médical, http://lsro.epfl.ch/page-68384-en.html, 8 pages. |
| Hardawar, D., “Driving app Waze builds its own Siri for hands-free voice control,” Feb. 9, 2012, http://venturebeat.com/2012/02/09/driving-app-waze-builds-its-own-siri-for-hands-free-voice-control/, 4 pages. |
| Intraspect Software, “The Intraspect Knowledge Management Solution: Technical Overview,” http://tomgruber.org/writing/intraspect-whitepaper-1998.pdf, 18 pages. |
| Julia, L., et al., Un éditeur interactif de tableaux dessinés à main levée (An Interactive Editor for Hand-Sketched Tables), Traitement du Signal 1995, vol. 12, No. 6, 8 pages. No English Translation Available. |
| Karp, P. D., “A Generic Knowledge-Base Access Protocol,” May 12, 1994, http://lecture.cs.buu.ac.th/˜f50353/Document/gfp.pdf, 66 pages. |
| Lemon, O., et al., “Multithreaded Context for Robust Conversational Interfaces: Context-Sensitive Speech Recognition and Interpretation of Corrective Fragments,” Sep. 2004, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 11, No. 3, 27 pages. |
| Leong, L., et al., “CASIS: A Context-Aware Speech Interface System,” IUI'05, Jan. 9-12, 2005, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, San Diego, California, USA, 8 pages. |
| Lieberman, H., et al., “Out of context: Computer systems that adapt to, and learn from, context,” 2000, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 39, Nos. 3/4, 2000, 16 pages. |
| Lin, B., et al., “A Distributed Architecture for Cooperative Spoken Dialogue Agents with Coherent Dialogue State and History,” 1999, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.272, 4 pages. |
| Martin, D., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture: A Framework for building distributed software systems,” Jan.-Mar. 1999, Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal, vol. 13, No. 1-2, http://adam.cheyer.com/papers/oaa.pdf, 38 pages. |
| McGuire, J., et al., “SHADE: Technology for Knowledge-Based Collaborative Engineering,” 1993, Journal of Concurrent Engineering: Applications and Research (CERA), 18 pages. |
| Meng, H., et al., “Wheels: A Conversational System in the Automobile Classified Domain,” Oct. 1996, httphttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.3022, 4 pages. |
| Milward, D., et al., “D2.2: Dynamic Multimodal Interface Reconfiguration,” Talk and Look: Tools for Ambient Linguistic Knowledge, Aug. 8, 2006, http://www.ihrinc.us/users/nblaylock/Pubs/Files/talk_d2.2.pdf, 69 pages. |
| Mitra, P., et al., “A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of Ontology Interdependencies,” 2000, http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/442/1/2000-20.pdf, 15 pages. |
| Moran, D. B., et al., “Multimodal User Interfaces in the Open Agent Architecture,” Proc. of the 1997 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI97), 8 pages. |
| Mozer, M., “An Intelligent Environment Must be Adaptive,” Mar./Apr. 1999, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 3 pages. |
| Mühlhäuser, M., “Context Aware Voice User Interfaces for Workflow Support,” Darmstadt 2007, http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/876/1/PhD.pdf, 254 pages. |
| Naone, E., “TR10: Intelligent Software Assistant,” Mar.-Apr. 2009, Technology Review, http://www.technologyreview.com/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=22117, 2 pages. |
| Neches, R., “Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing,” Fall 1991, AI Magazine, pp. 37-56, (21 pages). |
| Nöth, E., et al., “Verbmobil: The Use of Prosody in the Linguistic Components of a Speech Understanding System,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, No. 5, Sep. 2000, 14 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 29, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/518,292, 29 pages (Cheyer). |
| Final Office Action dated May 10, 2011, received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/518,292, 14 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Nov. 24, 2010, received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/518,292, 12 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Nov. 9, 2009, received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/518,292, 10 pages (Cheyer). |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 13, 2012 for Application No. 2011205426, 7 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Oct. 31, 2012 for Application No. 2012101191, 6 pages. |
| EP Communication under Rule-161(2) and 162 EPC for Application No. 117079392.2-2201, 4 pages. |
| Phoenix Solutions, Inc. v. West Interactive Corp., Document 40, Declaration of Christopher Schmandt Regarding the MIT Galaxy System dated Jul. 2, 2010, 162 pages. |
| Rice, J., et al., “Monthly Program: Nov. 14, 1995,” The San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of ACM SIGCHI, http://www.baychi.org/calendar/19951114/, 2 pages. |
| Rice, J., et al., “Using the Web Instead of a Window System,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, (http://tomgruber.org/writing/ksl-95-69.pdf, Sep. 1995.) CHI '96 Proceedings: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 13-18, 1996, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 14 pages. |
| Rivlin, Z., et al., “Maestro: Conductor of Multimedia Analysis Technologies,” 1999 SRI International, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (CACM), 7 pages. |
| Roddy, D., et al., “Communication and Collaboration in a Landscape of B2B eMarketplaces,” VerticalNet Solutions, white paper, Jun. 15, 2000, 23 pages. |
| Seneff, S., et al., “A New Restaurant Guide Conversational System: Issues in Rapid Prototyping for Specialized Domains,” Oct. 1996, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.16 . . . rep . . . , 4 pages. |
| Sheth, A., et al., “Relationships at the Heart of Semantic Web: Modeling, Discovering, and Exploiting Complex Semantic Relationships,” Oct. 13, 2002, Enhancing the Power of the Internet: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, SpringerVerlag, 38 pages. |
| Simonite, T., “One Easy Way to Make Siri Smarter,” Oct. 18, 2011, Technology Review, http:// www.technologyreview.com/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=38915, 2 pages. |
| Stent, A., et al., “The CommandTalk Spoken Dialogue System,” 1999, http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1024.pdf, 8 pages. |
| Tofel, K., et al., “SpeakTolt: A personal assistant for older iPhones, iPads,” Feb. 9, 2012, http://gigaom.com/apple/speaktoit-siri-for-older-iphones-ipads/, 7 pages. |
| Tucker, J., “Too lazy to grab your TV remote? Use Siri instead,” Nov. 30, 2011, http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/30/too-lazy-to-grab-your-tv-remote-use-siri-instead/, 8 pages. |
| Tur, G., et al., “The-CALO-Meeting-Assistant System,” IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 18, No. 6, Aug. 2010, 11 pages. |
| Tur, G., et al., “The CALO Meeting Speech Recognition and Understanding System,” 2008, Proc. IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop, 4 pages. |
| Vlingo, “Vlingo Launches Voice Enablement Application on Apple App Store,” Vlingo press release dated Dec. 3, 2008, 2 pages. |
| Vlingo InCar, “Distracted Driving Solution with Vlingo InCar,” 2:38 minute video uploaded to YouTube by Vlingo Voice on Oct. 6, 2010, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vqs8XfXxgz4, 2 pages. |
| YouTube, “Knowledge Navigator,” 5:34 minute video uploaded to YouTube by Knownav on Apr. 29, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRH8eimU_20, 1 page. |
| YouTube,“Send Text, Listen to and Send E-Mail ‘By Voice’ www.voiceassist.com,” 2:11 minute video uploaded to YouTube by VoiceAssist on Jul. 30, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tEU61nHHA4, 1 page. |
| YouTube,“Text'nDrive App Demo—Listen and Reply to your Messages by Voice while Driving!,” 1:57 minute video uploaded to YouTube by TextnDrive on Apr. 27, 2010, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaGfzoHsAMw, 1 page. |
| YouTube, “Voice on the Go (BlackBerry),” 2:51 minute video uploaded to YouTube by VoiceOnTheGo on Jul. 27, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJqpWgQS98w, 1 page. |
| Zue, V., “Conversational Interfaces: Advances and Challenges,” Sep. 1997, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/˜dod/papers/zue97.pdf, 10 pages. |
| Zue, V. W., “Toward Systems that Understand Spoken Language,” Feb. 1994, ARPA Strategic Computing Institute, © 1994 IEEE, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Nov. 29, 2011, received in International Application No. PCT/US2011/20861, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 12/987,982, 15 pages (Thomas Robert Gruber). |
| Jabra, “Bluetooth Introduction”, 2004, 15 pages. |
| Jabra Corporation, “FreeSpeak: BT200 User Manual”, 2002, 42 pages. |
| Jaybird, “Everything Wrong with AIM: Because We've All Thought About It”, available at <http://www.psychonoble.com/archives/articles/82.html>, May 24, 2006, 3 pages. |
| Jeffay et al., “Kernel Support for Live Digital Audio and Video”, In Proc. of the Second Intl. Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video, vol. 614, Nov. 1991, pp. 10-21. |
| Jelinek et al., “Interpolated Estimation of Markov Source Parameters from Sparse Data”, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice,, May 1980, pp. 381-397. |
| Johnson, Jeff A., “A Comparison of User Interfaces for Panning on a Touch-Controlled Display”, CHI '95 Proceedings, 1995, 8 pages. |
| Kaeppner et al., “Architecture of HeiPhone: A Testbed for Audio/Video Teleconferencing”, IBM European Networking Center, 1993. |
| Kamba et al., “Using Small Screen Space More Efficiently”, CHI '96 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 13-18, 1996, pp. 383-390. |
| Kang et al., “Quality Improvement of LPC-Processed Noisy Speech by Using Spectral Subtraction”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, No. 6, Jun. 1989, pp. 939-942. |
| Keahey et al., “Non-Linear Image Magnification”, Apr. 24, 1996, 11 pages. |
| Keahey et al., “Nonlinear Magnification Fields”, Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 1997, 12 pages. |
| Keahey et al., “Techniques for Non-Linear Magnification Transformations”, IEEE Proceedings of Symposium on Information Visualization, Oct. 1996, pp. 38-45. |
| Keahey et al., “Viewing Text With Non-Linear Magnification: An Experimental Study”, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Apr. 24, 1996, pp. 1-9. |
| Kennedy, P. J., “Digital Data Storage Using Video Disc”, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 24, No. 2, Jul. 1981, p. 1171. |
| Kerr, “An Incremental String Search in C: This Data Matching Algorithm Narrows the Search Space with each Keystroke”, Computer Language, vol. 6, No. 12, Dec. 1989, pp. 35-39. |
| Abut et al., “Vector Quantization of Speech and Speech-Like Waveforms”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Jun. 1982), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 258-270. |
| Kim, E.A. S., “The Structure and Processing of Fundamental Frequency Contours”, University of Cambridge, Doctoral Thesis, Apr. 1987, 378 pages. |
| Kirstein et al., “Piloting of Multimedia Integrated Communications for European Researchers”, Proc. INET '93, 1993, pp. 1-12. |
| Kjelldahl et al., “Multimedia—Principles, Systems, and Applications”, Proceedings of the 1991 Eurographics Workshop on Multimedia Systems, Applications, and Interaction, Apr. 1991. |
| Kline et al., “Improving GUI Accessibility for People with Low Vision”, CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 7-11, 1995, pp. 114-121. |
| Kline et al., “UnWindows 1.0: X Windows Tools for Low Vision Users”, ACM SIGCAPH Computers and the Physically Handicapped, No. 49, Mar. 1994, pp. 1-5. |
| Knight et al., “Heuristic Search”, Production Systems, Artificial Intelligence, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1983-1991. |
| Kroon et al., “Quantization Procedures for the Excitation in CELP Coders”, (Proceedings of IEEE International Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1987), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 320-323. |
| Kuo et al., “A Radical-Partitioned coded Block Adaptive Neural Network Structure for Large-Volume Chinese Characters Recognition”, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 3, Jun. 1992, pp. 597-601. |
| Kuo et al., “A Radical-Partitioned Neural Network System Using a Modified Sigmoid Function and a Weight-Dotted Radical Selector for Large-Volume Chinese Character Recognition VLSI”, IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, Jun. 1994, pp. 3862-3865. |
| Kurlander et al., “Comic Chat”, [Online], 1996 [Retrieved on: Feb. 4, 2013], SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, [Retrieved from: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/240000/237260/p225-kurlander.pdf], 1996, pp. 225-236. |
| Laface et al., “A Fast Segmental Viterbi Algorithm for Large Vocabulary Recognition”, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 1, May 1995, pp. 560-563. |
| Lafferty et al., “Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data”, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Machine Learning, 2001, 9 pages. |
| Adium, “AboutAdium—Adium X—Trac”, available at <http://web.archive.org/web/20070819113247/http://trac.adiumx.com/wiki/AboutAdium>, retrieved on Nov. 25, 2011, 2 pages. |
| Lamping et al., “Laying Out and Visualizing Large Trees Using a Hyperbolic Space”, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Nov. 1994, pp. 13-14. |
| Lamping et al., “Visualizing Large Trees Using the Hyperbolic Browser”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, MIT Media Library, on a CD, 1995. |
| Lantz et al., “Towards a Universal Directory Service”, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 1985, pp. 250-260. |
| Lantz, Keith, “An Experiment in Integrated Multimedia Conferencing”, 1986, pp. 267-275. |
| Lauwers et al., “Collaboration Awareness in Support of Collaboration Transparency: Requirements for the Next Generation of Shared Window Systems”, CHI'90 Proceedings, 1990, pp. 303-311. |
| Lauwers et al., “Replicated Architectures for Shared Window Systems: A Critique”, COCS '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEE CS TC-OA conference on Office information systems, ACM SIGOIS Bulletin, 1990, pp. 249-260. |
| Lazzaro, Joseph J., “Adapting Desktop Computers to Meet the Needs of Disabled Workers is Easier Than You Might Think”, Computers for the Disabled, BYTE Magazine, Jun. 1993, 4 pages. |
| Leahy et al., “Effect of Touch Screen Target Location on User Accuracy”, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting, 1990, 5 pages. |
| Lee, Kai-Fu, “Automatic Speech Recognition”, 1989, 14 pages (Table of Contents). |
| Leung et al., “A Review and Taxonomy of Distortion-Oriented Presentation Techniques”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), vol. 1, No. 2, Jun. 1994, pp. 126-160. |
| Levinson et al., “Speech synthesis in telecommunications”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 31, No. 11, Nov. 1993, pp. 46-53. |
| Lewis, “Speech synthesis in a computer aided learning environment”, UK IT, Mar. 19-22, 1990, pp. 294-298. |
| Lewis, Peter, “Two New Ways to Buy Your Bits”, CNN Money, available at <http://money.cnn.com/2003/12/30/commentary/ontechnology/download/>,, Dec. 31, 2003, 4 pages. |
| Lieberman, Henry, “A Multi-Scale, Multi-Layer, Translucent Virtual Space”, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, Aug. 1997, pp. 124-131. |
| Lieberman, Henry, “Powers of Ten Thousand: Navigating in Large Information Spaces”, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Nov. 1994, pp. 1-2. |
| Lyon, R., “A Computational Model of Binaural Localization and Separation”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Apr. 1983, pp. 1148-1151. |
| Ahlberg et al., “The Alphaslider: A Compact and Rapid Selector”, CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 1994, pp. 365-371. |
| Lyons, Richard F., “CCD Correlators for Auditory Models”, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Nov. 4-6, 1991, pp. 785-789. |
| Mackenzie et al., “Alphanumeric Entry on Pen-Based Computers”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 41, 1994, pp. 775-792. |
| Mackinlay et al., “The Perspective Wall: Detail and Context Smoothly Integrated”, ACM, 1991, pp. 173-179. |
| Ahlberg et al., “Visual Information Seeking: Tight Coupling of Dynamic Query Filters with Starfield Displays”, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 24-28, 1994, pp. 313-317. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/041159, dated Dec. 17, 2015, 8 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/041173, dated Dec. 17, 2015, 9 pages. |
| Omologo et al., “Microphone Array Based Speech Recognition with Different Talker-Array Positions”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 1, Apr. 21-24, 1997, pp. 227-230. |
| Oregon Scientific, “512MB Waterproof MP3 Player with FM Radio & Built-in Pedometer”, available at <http://www2.oregonscientific.com/shop/product.asp?cid=4&scid=11&pid=581>, retrieved on Jul. 31, 2006, 2 pages. |
| Oregon Scientific, “Waterproof Music Player with FM Radio and Pedometer (MP121)—User Manual”, 2005, 24 pages. |
| Padilla, Alfredo, “Palm Treo 750 Cell Phone Review—Messaging”, available at <http://www.wirelessinfo.com/content/palm-Treo-750-Cell-Phone-Review/Messaging.htm>, Mar. 17, 2007, 6 pages. |
| Palay et al., “The Andrew Toolkit: An Overview”, Information Technology Center, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1988, pp. 1-15. |
| Palm, Inc., “User Guide : Your Palm® Treo.TM. 755p Smartphone”, 2005-2007, 304 pages. |
| Panasonic, “Toughbook 28: Powerful, Rugged and Wireless”, Panasonic: Toughbook Models, available at <http://www.panasonic.com/computer/notebook/html/01a_s8.htm>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 3 pages. |
| Parks et al., “Classification of Whale and Ice Sounds with a cochlear Model”, IEEE, Mar. 1992. |
| Patterson et al., “Rendezvous: An Architecture for Synchronous Multi-User Applications”, CSCW '90 Proceedings, 1990, pp. 317-328. |
| International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2002/033330, dated Feb. 4, 2003, 6 pages. |
| Ahmed et al., “Intelligent Natural Language Query Processor”, TENCON '89, Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, Nov. 22-24, 1989, pp. 47-49. |
| Ahuja et al., “A Comparison of Application Sharing Mechanisms in Real-Time Desktop Conferencing Systems”, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1990, pp. 238-248. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/038819, dated Apr. 5, 2006, 12 pages. |
| International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/046797, dated Nov. 24, 2006, 6 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees and Partial Search Report received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2005/046797, dated Jul. 3, 2006, 6 pages. |
| Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/046797, dated Nov. 24, 2006, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/048669, dated Jul. 2, 2007, 12 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/048670, dated May 21, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Addition Fees and Partial International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/048738, dated Jul. 10, 2007, 4 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/048753, dated Jun. 19, 2007, 15 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2007/026243, dated Mar. 31, 2008, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2007/077424, dated Jun. 19, 2008, 13 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/077424, dated Apr. 29, 2008, 6 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2007/077443, dated Feb. 21, 2008, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2007/088872, dated May 8, 2008, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2007/088873, dated May 8, 2008, 7 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000032, dated Jun. 12, 2008, 7 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000042, dated May 21, 2008, 7 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000043, dated Oct. 10, 2008, 12 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000043, dated Jun. 27, 2008, 4 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000045, dated Jun. 12, 2008, 7 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000047, dated Sep. 11, 2008, 12 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000047, dated Jul. 4, 2008, 4 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000059, dated Sep. 19, 2008, 18 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/000061, dated Jul. 1, 2008, 13 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/050083, dated Jul. 4, 2008, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/020350, dated Jun. 30, 2011, 17 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees and Partial International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/020350, dated Apr. 14, 2011, 5 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/020861, dated Aug. 2, 2012, 11 pages. |
| Aikawa, K. “Time-Warping Neural Network for Phoneme Recognition”, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 3, Nov. 18-21, 1991, pp. 2122-2127. |
| Allen et al., “Automated Natural Spoken Dialog”, Computer, vol. 35, No. 4, Apr. 2002, pp. 51-56. |
| Alleva et al., “Applying SPHINX-II to DARPA Wall Street Journal CSR Task”, Proceedings of Speech and Natural Language Workshop, Feb. 1992, pp. 393-398. |
| Amrel Corporation, “Rocky Matrix BackLit Keyboard”, available at <http://www.amrel.com/asi_matrixkeyboard.html>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 1 page. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/034028, dated Jun. 11, 2012, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/040931, dated Feb. 1, 2013, 4 pages (International Search Report only). |
| Apple, “VoiceOver”, available at <http://www.apple.com/accessibility/voiceover/>, Feb. 2009, 5 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Apple—iPod—Technical Specifications, iPod 20GB and 60GB Mac + PC”, available at <http://www.apple.com/ipod/color/specs.html>, 2005, 3 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/041225, dated Aug. 23, 2013, 3 pages (International Search Report only). |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/047659, dated Feb. 27, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Invitation to Pay Additional Fees received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/052558, dated Nov. 7, 2013, 6 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “iTunes 2: Specification Sheet”, 2001, 2 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “iTunes, Playlist Related Help Screens”, iTunes v1.0, 2000-2001, 8 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “QuickTime Movie Playback Programming Guide”, Aug. 11, 2005, pp. 1-58. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “QuickTime Overview”, Aug. 11, 2005, pp. 1-34. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Welcome to Tiger”, available at <http://www.maths.dundee.ac.uk/software/Welcome_to_Mac_OS_X_v10.4_Tiger.pdf>, 2005, pp. 1-32. |
| “Corporate Ladder”, BLOC Publishing Corporation, 1991, 1 page. |
| Arango et al., “Touring Machine: A Software Platform for Distributed Multimedia Applications”, 1992 IFIP International Conference on Upper Layer Protocols, Architectures, and Applications, May 1992, pp. 1-11. |
| Arons, Barry M., “The Audio-Graphical Interface to a Personal Integrated Telecommunications System”, Thesis Submitted to the Department of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 1984, 88 pages. |
| Badino et al., “Language Independent Phoneme Mapping for Foreign TTS”, 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA, Jun. 14-16, 2004, 2 pages. |
| Baechtle et al., “Adjustable Audio Indicator”, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Jul. 1, 1984, 2 pages. |
| Baeza-Yates, Ricardo, “Visualization of Large Answers in Text Databases”, AVI '96 Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces, 1996, pp. 101-107. |
| Bahl et al., “Recognition of a Continuously Read Natural Corpus”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, Apr. 1978, pp. 422-424. |
| Bajarin, Tim, “With Low End Launched, Apple Turns to Portable Future”, PC Week, vol. 7, Oct. 1990, p. 153(1). |
| Barthel, B., “Information Access for Visually Impaired Persons: Do We Still Keep a “Document” in “Documentation”?”, Professional Communication Conference, Sep. 1995, pp. 62-66. |
| Baudel et al., “2 Techniques for Improved HC Interaction: Toolglass & Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, CHI'94 Video Program on a CD, 1994. |
| Beck et al., “Integrating Natural Language, Query Processing, and Semantic Data Models”, COMCON Spring '90. IEEE Computer Society International Conference, 1990, Feb. 26-Mar. 2, 1990, pp. 538-543. |
| Bederson et al., “Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate Interface Physics”, UIST' 94 Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Nov. 1994, pp. 17-26. |
| Bederson et al., “The Craft of Information Visualization”, Elsevier Science, Inc., 2003, 435 pages. |
| “Diagrammaker”, Action Software, 1989. |
| “Diagram-Master”, Ashton-Tate, 1989. |
| Benel et al., “Optimal Size and Spacing of Touchscreen Input Areas”, Human-Computer Interaction—INTERACT, 1987, pp. 581-585. |
| Beringer et al., “Operator Behavioral Biases Using High-Resolution Touch Input Devices”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 1989, 3 pages. |
| Beringer, Dennis B., “Target Size, Location, Sampling Point and Instruction Set: More Effects on Touch Panel Operation”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 34th Annual Meeting, 1990, 5 pages. |
| Bernabei et al., “Graphical I/O Devices for Medical Users”, 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 3, 1992, pp. 834-836. |
| Bernstein, Macrophone, “Speech Corpus”, IEEE/ICASSP, Apr. 22, 1994, pp. 1-81 to 1-84. |
| Berry et al., “Symantec”, New version of MORE.TM, Apr. 10, 1990, 1 page. |
| Best Buy, “When it Comes to Selecting a Projection TV, Toshiba Makes Everything Perfectly Clear”, Previews of New Releases, available at <http://www.bestbuy.com/HomeAudioVideo/Specials/ToshibaTVFeatures.asp>, retrieved on Jan. 23, 2003, 5 pages. |
| Betts et al., “Goals and Objectives for User Interface Software”, Computer Graphics, vol. 21, No. 2, Apr. 1987, pp. 73-78. |
| Biemann, Chris, “Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging Employing Efficient Graph Clustering”, Proceeding COLING ACL '06 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop, 2006, pp. 7-12. |
| Bier et al., “Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface”, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings), vol. 27, 1993, pp. 73-80. |
| Birrell, Andrew, “Personal Jukebox (PJB)”, available at <http://birrell.org/andrew/talks/pjb-overview.ppt>, Oct. 13, 2000, 6 pages. |
| Black et al., “Multilingual Text-to-Speech Synthesis”, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP'04) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference, vol. 3, May 17-21, 2004, 4 pages. |
| Bleher et al., “A Graphic Interactive Application Monitor”, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 19, No. 3, Sep. 1980, pp. 382-402. |
| Bluetooth PC Headsets, “‘Connecting’ Your Bluetooth Headset with Your Computer”, Enjoy Wireless VoIP Conversations, available at <http://www.bluetoothpcheadsets.com/connect.htm>, retrieved on Apr. 29, 2006, 4 pages. |
| Card et al., “Readings in Information Visualization Using Vision to Think”, Interactive Technologies, 1999, 712 pages. |
| Bociurkiw, Michael, “Product Guide: Vanessa Matz”, available at <http://www.forbes.com/asap/2000/1127/vmartz_print.html>, retrieved on Jan. 23, 2003, 2 pages. |
| “Glossary of Adaptive Technologies: Word Prediction”, available at <http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/techwordpred.html>, retrieved on Dec. 6, 2005, 5 pages. |
| Borenstein, Nathaniel S., “Cooperative Work in the Andrew Message System”, Information Technology Center and Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University; Thyberg, Chris A. Academic Computing, Carnegie Mellon University, 1988, pp. 306-323. |
| Boy, Guy A., “Intelligent Assistant Systems”, Harcourt Brace Jovanovicy, 1991, 1 page. |
| “IAP Sports Lingo 0×09 Protocol V1.00”, May 1, 2006, 17 pages. |
| Brown et al., “Browing Graphs Using a Fisheye View”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, Systems Research Center, CHI '92 Continued Proceedings on a CD, 1992. |
| Brown et al., “Browsing Graphs Using a Fisheye View”, CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1993, p. 516. |
| Burger, D., “Improved Access to Computers for the Visually Handicapped: New Prospects and Principles”, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 2, No. 3, Sep. 1994, pp. 111-118. |
| “IEEE 1394 (Redirected from Firewire”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, available at <http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewire>, retrieved on Jun. 8, 2003, 2 pages. |
| Butler, Travis, “Archos Jukebox 6000 Challenges Nomad Jukebox”, available at <http://tidbits.com/article/6521>, Aug. 13, 2001, 5 pages. |
| Butler, Travis, “Portable MP3: The Nomad Jukebox”, available at <http://tidbits.com/article/6261>, Jan. 8, 2001, 4 pages. |
| Buxton et al., “EuroPARC's Integrated Interactive Intermedia Facility (IIIF): Early Experiences”, Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.4 Conference on Multi-User Interfaces and Applications, 1990, pp. 11-34. |
| Call Centre, “Word Prediction”, The CALL Centre & Scottish Executive Education Dept., 1999, pp. 63-73. |
| Campbell et al., “An Expandable Error-Protected 4800 BPS CELP Coder (U.S. Federal Standard 4800 BPS Voice Coder)”, (Proceedings of IEEE Int'l Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference, May 1983), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 328-330. |
| Scheifler, R. W., “The X Window System”, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Gettys, Jim Digital Equipment Corporation and MIT Project Athena; ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 5, No. 2, Apr. 1986, pp. 79-109. |
| Schluter et al., “Using Phase Spectrum Information for Improved Speech Recognition Performance”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001, pp. 133-136. |
| Schmandt et al., “A Conversational Telephone Messaging System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-30, Aug. 1984, pp. xxi-xxiv. |
| Schmandt et al., “Phone Slave: A Graphical Telecommunications Interface”, Society for Information Display, International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Jun. 1984, 4 pages. |
| Schmandt et al., “Phone Slave: A Graphical Telecommunications Interface”, Proceedings of the SID, vol. 26, No. 1, 1985, pp. 79-82. |
| Schmid, H., “Part-of-speech tagging with neural networks”, COLING '94 Proceedings of the 15th conference on Computational linguistics—vol. 1, 1994, pp. 172-176. |
| Schooler et al., “A Packet-switched Multimedia Conferencing System”, by Eve Schooler, et al; ACM SIGOIS Bulletin, vol. I, No. 1, Jan. 1989, pp. 12-22. |
| Schooler et al., “An Architecture for Multimedia Connection Management”, Proceedings IEEE 4th Comsoc International Workshop on Multimedia Communications, Apr. 1992, pp. 271-274. |
| Schooler et al., “Multimedia Conferencing: Has it Come of Age?”, Proceedings 24th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol. 3, Jan. 1991, pp. 707-716. |
| Schooler et al., “The Connection Control Protocol: Architecture Overview”, USC/Information Sciences Institute, Jan. 28, 1992, pp. 1-6. |
| Schooler, Eve, “A Distributed Architecture for Multimedia Conference Control”, ISI Research Report, Nov. 1991, pp. 1-18. |
| Schooler, Eve M., “Case Study: Multimedia Conference Control in a Packet-Switched Teleconferencing System”, Journal of Internetworking: Research and Experience, vol. 4, No. 2, Jun. 1993, pp. 99-120. |
| Schooler, Eve M., “The Impact of Scaling on a Multimedia Connection Architecture”, Multimedia Systems, vol. 1, No. 1, 1993, pp. 2-9. |
| Schütze, H., “Distributional part-of-speech tagging”, EACL '95 Proceedings of the seventh conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1995, pp. 141-148. |
| Schütze, Hinrich, “Part-of-speech induction from scratch”, ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, 1993, pp. 251-258. |
| Schwartz et al., “Context-Dependent Modeling for Acoustic-Phonetic Recognition of Continuous Speech”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 10, Apr. 1985, pp. 1205-1208. |
| Schwartz et al., “Improved Hidden Markov Modeling of Phonemes for Continuous Speech Recognition”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 9, 1984, pp. 21-24. |
| Schwartz et al., “The N-Best Algorithm: An Efficient and Exact Procedure for Finding the N Most Likely Sentence Hypotheses”, IEEE, 1990, pp. 81-84. |
| Scott et al., “Designing Touch Screen Numeric Keypads: Effects of Finger Size, Key Size, and Key Spacing”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 41st Annual Meeting, Oct. 1997, pp. 360-364. |
| Seagrave, Jim, “A Faster Way to Search Text”, EXE, vol. 5, No. 3, Aug. 1990, pp. 50-52. |
| Sears et al., “High Precision Touchscreens: Design Strategies and Comparisons with a Mouse”, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 34, No. 4, Apr. 1991, pp. 593-613. |
| Sears et al., “Investigating Touchscreen Typing: The Effect of Keyboard Size on Typing Speed”, Behavior & Information Technology, vol. 12, No. 1, 1993, pp. 17-22. |
| Sears et al., “Touchscreen Keyboards”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, on a CD, Apr. 1991. |
| Seide et al., “Improving Speech Understanding by Incorporating Database Constraints and Dialogue History”, Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Philadelphia,, 1996, pp. 1017-1020. |
| Shiraki et al., “LPC Speech Coding Based on Variable-Length Segment Quantization”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Sep. 1988), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 250-257. |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction”, Second Edition, 1992, 599 pages. |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction”, Third Edition, 1998, 669 pages. |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “Direct Manipulation for Comprehensible, Predictable and Controllable User Interfaces”, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 1997, pp. 33-39. |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction”, 1993, (Table of Contents, Title Page, Ch. 4, Ch. 6 and List of References). |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations”, IEEE Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages, 1996, pp. 336-343. |
| Shneiderman, Ben, “Touch Screens Now Offer Compelling Uses”, IEEE Software, Mar. 1991, pp. 93-94. |
| Shoham et al., “Efficient Bit and Allocation for an Arbitrary Set of Quantizers”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Sep. 1988) as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 289-296. |
| Simkovitz, Daniel, “LP-DOS Magnifies the PC Screen”, IEEE, 1992, pp. 203-204. |
| Singh et al., “Automatic Generation of Phone Sets and Lexical Transcriptions”, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP'00), 2000, 1 page. |
| Sinitsyn, Alexander, “A Synchronization Framework for Personal Mobile Servers”, Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, Piscataway, 2004, pp. 1, 3 and 5. |
| Slaney et al., “On the Importance of Time—A Temporal Representation of Sound”, Visual Representation of Speech Signals, 1993, pp. 95-116. |
| Smeaton, Alan F., “Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval”, Information Processing and Management, vol. 26, No. 1, 1990, pp. 19-20. |
| Smith et al., “Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software”, User Lab, Inc., Aug. 1986, pp. 1-384. |
| Smith et al., “Relating Distortion to Performance in Distortion Oriented Displays”, Proceedings of Sixth Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, Nov. 1996, pp. 6-11. |
| Sony Eiicsson Corporate, “Sony Ericsson to introduce Auto pairing.TM. to Improve Bluetooth.TM. Connectivity Between Headsets and Phones”, Press Release, available at <http://www.sonyericsson.com/spg.jsp?cc=global&lc=en&ver=4001&template=pc3_1_ 1&z . . . >, Sep. 28, 2005, 2 pages. |
| Soong et al., “A High Quality Subband Speech Coder with Backward Adaptive Predictor and Optimal Time-Frequency Bit Assignment”, (Proceedings of the IEEE International Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1986), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 316-319. |
| Spiller, Karen, “Low-Decibel Earbuds Keep Noise at a Reasonable Level”, available at <http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?Date=20060813&Cate . . . >, Aug. 13, 2006, 3 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Inside Macintosh”, vol. VI, 1985. |
| Srinivas et al., “Monet: A Multi-Media System for Conferencing and Application Sharing in Distributed Systems”, CERC Technical Report Series Research Note, Feb. 1992. |
| Stealth Computer Corporation, “Peripherals for Industrial Keyboards & Pointing Devices”, available at <http://www.stealthcomputer.com/peripherals_oem.htm>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 6 pages. |
| Steinberg, Gene, “Sonicblue Rio Car (10 GB, Reviewed: 6 GB)”, available at <http://electronics.cnet.com/electronics/0-6342420-1304-4098389.html>, Dec. 12, 2000, 2 pages. |
| Su, Joseph C., “A Review of Telesensory's Vista PCI Screen Magnification System”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Oct. 1998, pp. 705, 707-710. |
| Stone et al., “The Movable Filter as a User Interface Tool”, CHI '94 Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1994, pp. 306-312. |
| Su et al., “A Review of ZoomText Xtra Screen Magnification Program for Windows 95”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Feb. 1998, pp. 116-119. |
| Acero, A., et al., “Environmental Robustness in Automatic Speech Recognition,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), Apr. 3-6, 1990, 4 pages. |
| Acero, A., et al., “Robust Speech Recognition by Normalization of the Acoustic Space,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1991, 4 pages. |
| Ahlbom, G., et al., “Modeling Spectral Speech Transitions Using Temporal Decomposition Techniques,” IEEE International Conference of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'87), Apr. 1987, vol. 12, 4 pages. |
| Aikawa, K., “Speech Recognition Using Time-Warping Neural Networks,” Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing, Sep. 30 to Oct. 1, 1991, 10 pages. |
| Anastasakos, A., et al., “Duration Modeling in Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'95), May 9-12, 1995, 4 pages. |
| Anderson, R. H., “Syntax-Directed Recognition of Hand-Printed Two-Dimensional Mathematics,” In Proceedings of Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics: Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Inc. Symposium, © 1967, 12 pages. |
| Ansari, R., et al., “Pitch Modification of Speech using a Low-Sensitivity Inverse Filter Approach,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 5, No. 3, Mar. 1998, 3 pages. |
| Anthony, N. J., et al., “Supervised Adaption for Signature Verification System,” Jun. 1, 1978, IBM Technical Disclosure, 3 pages. |
| Apple Computer, “Guide Maker User's Guide,” © Apple Computer, Inc., Apr. 27, 1994, 8 pages. |
| Apple Computer, “Introduction to Apple Guide,” © Apple Computer, Inc., Apr. 28, 1994, 20 pages. |
| Asanoviá, K., et al., “Experimental Determination of Precision Requirements for Back-Propagation Training of Artificial Neural Networks,” In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Microelectronics for Neural Networks, 1991, www.ICSI.Berkeley.EDU, 7 pages. |
| Atal, B. S., “Efficient Coding of LPC Parameters by Temporal Decomposition,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'83), Apr. 1983, 4 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al., “Acoustic Markov Models Used in the Tangora Speech Recognition System,” In Proceeding of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'88), Apr. 11-14, 1988, vol. 1, 4 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al., “A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-5, No. 2, Mar. 1983, 13 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al., “A Tree-Based Statistical Language Model for Natural Language Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, Issue 7, Jul. 1989, 8 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al., “Large Vocabulary Natural Language Continuous Speech Recognition,” In Proceedings of 1989 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 23-26, 1989, vol. 1, 6 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al, “Multonic Markov Word Models for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 1, No. 3, Jul. 1993, 11 pages. |
| Bahl, L. R., et al., “Speech Recognition with Continuous-Parameter Hidden Markov Models,” In Proceeding of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'88), Apr. 11-14, 1988, vol. 1, 8 pages. |
| Banbrook, M., “Nonlinear Analysis of Speech from a Synthesis Perspective,” A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1996, 35 pages. |
| Belaid, A., et al., “A Syntactic Approach for Handwritten Mathematical Formula Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-6, No. 1, Jan. 1984, 7 pages. |
| Bellegarda, E. J., et al., “On-Line Handwriting Recognition Using Statistical Mixtures,” Advances in Handwriting and Drawings: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Europia, 6th International IGS Conference on Handwriting and Drawing, Paris-France, Jul. 1993, 11 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “A Latent Semantic Analysis Framework for Large-Span Language Modeling,” 5th European Conference on Speech, Communication and Technology, (EUROSPEECH'97), Sep. 22-25, 1997, 4 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “A Multispan Language Modeling Framework for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 6, No. 5, Sep. 1998, 12 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “A Novel Word Clustering Algorithm Based on Latent Semantic Analysis,” In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'96), vol. 1, 4 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “Experiments Using Data Augmentation for Speaker Adaptation,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'95), May 9-12, 1995, 4 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “Exploiting Both Local and Global Constraints for Multi-Span Statistical Language Modeling,” Proceeding of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'98), vol. 2, May 12-15, 1998, 5 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “Exploiting Latent Semantic Information in Statistical Language Modeling,” In Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug. 2000, vol. 88, No. 8, 18 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “Interaction-Driven Speech Input—A Data-Driven Approach to the Capture of Both Local and Global Language Constraints,” 1992, 7 pages, available at http://old.sigchi.org/bulletin/1998.2/bellegarda.html. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., “Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition with Multispan Statistical Language Models,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 2000, 9 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “Performance of the IBM Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System on the ARPA Wall Street Journal Task,” Signal Processing VII: Theories and Applications, © 1994 European Association for Signal Processing, 4 pages. |
| Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “The Metamorphic Algorithm: A Speaker Mapping Approach to Data Augmentation,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 2, No. 3, Jul. 1994, 8 pages. |
| Black, A. W., et al., “Automatically Clustering Similar Units for Unit Selection in Speech Synthesis,” In Proceedings of Eurospeech 1997, vol. 2, 4 pages. |
| Blair, D. C., et al., “An Evaluation of Retrieval Effectiveness for a Full-Text Document-Retrieval System,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 28, No. 3, Mar. 1985, 11 pages. |
| Briner, L. L., “Identifying Keywords in Text Data Processing,” In Zelkowitz, Marvin V., ED, Directions and Challenges, 15th Annual Technical Symposium, Jun. 17, 1976, Gaithersbury, Maryland, 7 pages. |
| Bulyko, I. et al., “Error-Correction Detection and Response Generation in a Spoken Dialogue System,” © 2004 Elsevier B.V., specom. 2004.09.009, 18 pages. |
| Bulyko, I., et al., “Joint Prosody Prediction and Unit Selection for Concatenative Speech Synthesis,” Electrical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, 2001, 4 pages. |
| Bussey, H. E., et al., “Service Architecture, Prototype Description, and Network Implications of a Personalized Information Grazing Service,” INFOCOM'90, Ninth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies, Jun. 3-7, 1990, http://slrohall.com/publications/, 8 pages. |
| Buzo, A., et al., “Speech Coding Based Upon Vector Quantization,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. Assp-28, No. 5, Oct. 1980, 13 pages. |
| Caminero-Gil, J., et al., “Data-Driven Discourse Modeling for Semantic Interpretation,” In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 7-10, 1996, 6 pages. |
| Cawley, G. C., “The Application of Neural Networks to Phonetic Modelling,” PhD Thesis, University of Essex, Mar. 1996, 13 pages. |
| Chang, S., et al., “A Segment-based Speech Recognition System for Isolated Mandarin Syllables,” Proceedings TENCON '93, IEEE Region 10 conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering, Oct. 19-21, 1993, vol. 3, 6 pages. |
| Conklin, J., “Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey,” Computer Magazine, Sep. 1987, 25 pages. |
| Connolly, F. T., et al., “Fast Algorithms for Complex Matrix Multiplication Using Surrogates,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Jun. 1989, vol. 37, No. 6, 13 pages. |
| Cox, R. V., et al., “Speech and Language Processing for Next-Millennium Communications Services,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 88, No. 8, Aug. 2000, 24 pages. |
| Deerwester, S., et al., “Indexing by Latent Semantic Analysis,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 41, No. 6, Sep. 1990, 19 pages. |
| Deller, Jr., J. R., et al., “Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals,” © 1987 Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0-02-328301-7, 14 pages. |
| Digital Equipment Corporation, “Open VMS Software Overview,” Dec. 1995, software manual, 159 pages. |
| Donovan, R. E., “A New Distance Measure for Costing Spectral Discontinuities in Concatenative Speech Synthesisers,” 2001, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.6398, 4 pages. |
| Frisse, M. E., “Searching for Information in a Hypertext Medical Handbook,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, No. 7, Jul. 1988, 8 pages. |
| Goldberg, D., et al., “Using Collaborative Filtering to Weave an Information Tapestry,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 35, No. 12, Dec. 1992, 10 pages. |
| Gorin, A. L., et al., “On Adaptive Acquisition of Language,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), vol. 1, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages. |
| Gotoh, Y., et al., “Document Space Models Using Latent Semantic Analysis,” In Proceedings of Eurospeech, 1997, 4 pages. |
| Gray, R. M., “Vector Quantization,” IEEE ASSP Magazine, Apr. 1984, 26 pages. |
| Harris, F. J., “On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform,” In Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, No. 1, Jan. 1978, 34 pages. |
| Helm, R., et al., “Building Visual Language Parsers,” In Proceedings of CHI'91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 8 pages. |
| Hermansky, H., “Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP) Analysis of Speech,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 87, No. 4, Apr. 1990, 15 pages. |
| Hermansky, H., “Recognition of Speech in Additive and Convolutional Noise Based on Rasta Spectral Processing,” In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'93), Apr. 27-30, 1993, 4 pages. |
| Hoehfeld M., et al., “Learning with Limited Numerical Precision Using the Cascade-Correlation Algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 3, No. 4, Jul. 1992, 18 pages. |
| Holmes, J. N., “Speech Synthesis and Recognition—Stochastic Models for Word Recognition,” Speech Synthesis and Recognition, Published by Chapman & Hall, London, ISBN 0 412 534304, © 1998 J. N. Holmes, 7 pages. |
| Hon, H.W., et al., “CMU Robust Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition System,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-91), Apr. 14-17, 1991, 4 pages. |
| IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Speech Editor,” vol. 29, No. 10, Mar. 10, 1987, 3 pages. |
| IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Integrated Audio-Graphics User Interface,” vol. 33, No. 11, Apr. 1991, 4 pages. |
| IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Speech Recognition with Hidden Markov Models of Speech Waveforms,” vol. 34, No. 1, Jun. 1991, 10 pages. |
| Iowegian International, “FIR Filter Properties,” dspGuro, Digital Signal Processing Central, http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/taqs/fir/properties, downloaded on Jul. 28, 2010, 6 pages. |
| Jacobs, P. S., et al., “Scisor: Extracting Information from On-Line News,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 33, No. 11, Nov. 1990, 10 pages. |
| Jelinek, F., “Self-Organized Language Modeling for Speech Recognition,” Readings in Speech Recognition, edited by Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee, May 15, 1990, © 1990 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., ISBN: 1-55860-124-4, 63 pages. |
| Jennings, A., et al., “A Personal News Service Based on a User Model Neural Network,” IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E75-D, No. 2, Mar. 1992, Tokyo, JP, 12 pages. |
| Ji, T., et al., “A Method for Chinese Syllables Recognition based upon Sub-syllable Hidden Markov Model,” 1994 International Symposium on Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks, Apr. 13-16, 1994, Hong Kong, 4 pages. |
| Jones, J., “Speech Recognition for Cyclone,” Apple Computer, Inc., E.R.S., Revision 2.9, Sep. 10, 1992, 93 pages. |
| Katz, S. M., “Estimation of Probabilities from Sparse Data for the Language Model Component of a Speech Recognizer,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, No. 3, Mar. 1987, 3 pages. |
| Kitano, H., “PhiDM-Dialog, An Experimental Speech-to-Speech Dialog Translation System,” Jun. 1991 Computer, vol. 24, No. 6, 13 pages. |
| Klabbers, E., et al., “Reducing Audible Spectral Discontinuities,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 2001, 13 pages. |
| Klatt, D. H., “Linguistic Uses of Segmental Duration in English: Acoustic and Perpetual Evidence,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 59, No. 5, May 1976, 16 pages. |
| Kominek, J., et al., “Impact of Durational Outlier Removal from Unit Selection Catalogs,” 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop, Jun. 14-16, 2004, 6 pages. |
| Kubala, F., et al., “Speaker Adaptation from a Speaker-Independent Training Corpus,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), Apr. 3-6, 1990, 4 pages. |
| Kubala, F., et al., “The Hub and Spoke Paradigm for CSR Evaluation,” Proceedings of the Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Mar. 6-8, 1994, 9 pages. |
| Lee, K.F., “Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition: The SPHINX System,” Apr. 18, 1988, Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 195 pages. |
| Lee, L., et al., “A Real-Time Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Language with Unlimited Texts and Very Large Vocabulary,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 1, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages. |
| Lee, L, et al., “Golden Mandarin(II)—An Improved Single-Chip Real-Time Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Language with Very Large Vocabulary,” 0-7803-0946-4/93 © 1993IEEE, 4 pages. |
| Lee, L, et al., “Golden Mandarin(II)—An Intelligent Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Character Input with Adaptation/Learning Functions,” International Symposium on Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks, Apr. 13-16, 1994, Hong Kong, 5 pages. |
| Lee, L., et al., “System Description of Golden Mandarin (I) Voice Input for Unlimited Chinese Characters,” International Conference on Computer Processing of Chinese & Oriental Languages, vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Nov. 1991, 16 pages. |
| Lin, C.H., et al., “A New Framework for Recognition of Mandarin Syllables With Tones Using Sub-syllabic Unites,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-93), Apr. 27-30, 1993, 4 pages. |
| Linde, Y., et al., “An Algorithm for Vector Quantizer Design,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 28, No. 1, Jan. 1980, 12 pages. |
| Liu, F.H., et al., “Efficient Joint Compensation of Speech for the Effects of Additive Noise and Linear Filtering,” IEEE International Conference of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP-92, Mar. 23-26, 1992, 4 pages. |
| Logan, B., “Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for Music Modeling,” In International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 2000, 2 pages. |
| Lowerre, B. T., “The-HARPY Speech Recognition System,” Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Apr. 1976, 20 pages. |
| Maghbouleh, A., “An Empirical Comparison of Automatic Decision Tree and Linear Regression Models for Vowel Durations,” Revised version of a paper presented at the Computational Phonology in Speech Technology workshop, 1996 annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics in Santa Cruz, California, 7 pages. |
| Markel, J. D., et al., “Linear Prediction of Speech,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1976, 12 pages. |
| Morgan, B., “Business Objects,” (Business Objects for Windows) Business Objects Inc., DBMS Sep. 1992, vol. 5, No. 10, 3 pages. |
| Mountford, S. J., et al., “Talking and Listening to Computers,” The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, Copyright © 1990 Apple Computer, Inc. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 17 pages. |
| Murty, K. S. R., et al., “Combining Evidence from Residual Phase and MFCC Features for Speaker Recognition,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 13, No. 1, Jan. 2006, 4 pages. |
| Murveit H. et al., “Integrating Natural Language Constraints into HMM-based Speech Recognition,” 1990 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages. |
| Nakagawa, S., et al., “Speaker Recognition by Combining MFCC and Phase Information,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Mar. 14-19, 2010, 4 pages. |
| Niesler, T. R., et al., “A Variable-Length Category-Based N-Gram Language Model,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'96), vol. 1, May 7-10, 1996, 6 pages. |
| Papadimitriou, C. H., et al., “Latent Semantic Indexing: A Probabilistic Analysis,” Nov. 14, 1997, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html, 21 pages. |
| Parsons, T. W., “Voice and Speech Processing,” Linguistics and Technical Fundamentals, Articulatory Phonetics and Phonemics, © 1987 McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN: 0-07-0485541-0, 5 pages. |
| Parsons, T. W., “Voice and Speech Processing,” Pitch and Formant Estimation, © 1987 McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN: 0-07-0485541-0, 15 pages. |
| Picone, J., “Continuous Speech Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models,” IEEE ASSP Magazine, vol. 7, No. 3, Jul. 1990, 16 pages. |
| Rabiner, L. R., et al., “Fundamental of Speech Recognition,” © 1993 AT&T, Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., ISBN: 0-13-285826-6, 17 pages. |
| Rabiner, L. R., et al., “Note on the Properties of a Vector Quantizer for LPC Coefficients,” The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 62, No. 8, Oct. 1983, 9 pages. |
| Ratcliffe, M., “ClearAccess 2.0 allows SQL searches off-line,” (Structured Query Language), ClearAcess Corp., MacWeek Nov. 16, 1992, vol. 6, No. 41, 2 pages. |
| Remde, J. R., et al., “SuperBook: An Automatic Tool for Information Exploration-Hypertext?,” In Proceedings of Hypertext'87 papers, Nov. 13-15, 1987, 14 pages. |
| Reynolds, C. F., “On-Line Reviews: A New Application of the HICOM Conferencing System,” IEE Colloquium on Human Factors in Electronic Mail and Conferencing Systems, Feb. 3, 1989, 4 pages. |
| Rigoll, G., “Speaker Adaptation for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems Using Speaker Markov Models,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'89), May 23-26, 1989, 4 pages. |
| Riley, M. D., “Tree-Based Modelling of Segmental Durations,” Talking Machines Theories, Models, and Designs, 1992 © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, ISBN: 08-444-89115.3, 15 pages. |
| Rivoira, S., et al., “Syntax and Semantics in a Word-Sequence Recognition System,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'79), Apr. 1979, 5 pages. |
| Rosenfeld, R., “A Maximum Entropy Approach to Adaptive Statistical Language Modelling,” Computer Speech and Language, vol. 10, No. 3, Jul. 1996, 25 pages. |
| Roszkiewicz, A., “Extending your Apple,” Back Talk—Lip Service, A+ Magazine, The Independent Guide for Apple Computing, vol. 2, No. 2, Feb. 1984, 5 pages. |
| Sakoe, H., et al., “Dynamic Programming Algorithm Optimization for Spoken Word Recognition,” IEEE Transactins on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Feb. 1978, vol. ASSP-26 No. 1, 8 pages. |
| Salton, G., et al., “On the Application of Syntactic Methodologies in Automatic Text Analysis,” Information Processing and Management, vol. 26, No. 1, Great Britain 1990, 22 pages. |
| Savoy, J., “Searching Information in Hypertext Systems Using Multiple Sources of Evidence,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 38, No. 6, Jun. 1993, 15 pages. |
| Scagliola, C., “Language Models and Search Algorithms for Real-Time Speech Recognition,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 22, No. 5, 1985, 25 pages. |
| Schmandt, C., et al., “Augmenting a Window System with Speech Input,” IEEE Computer Society, Computer Aug. 1990, vol. 23, No. 8, 8 pages. |
| Schütze, H., “Dimensions of Meaning,” Proceedings of Supercomputing'92 Conference, Nov. 16-20, 1992, 10 pages. |
| Sheth B., et al., “Evolving Agents for Personalized Information Filtering,” In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications, Mar. 1-5, 1993, 9 pages. |
| Shikano, K., et al., “Speaker Adaptation Through Vector Quantization,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'86), vol. 11, Apr. 1986, 4 pages. |
| Sigurdsson, S., et al., “Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients: An Evaluation of Robustness of MP3 Encoded Music,” In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2006, 4 pages. |
| Silverman, K. E. A., et al., “Using a Sigmoid Transformation for Improved Modeling of Phoneme Duration,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Mar. 15-19, 1999, 5 pages. |
| Tenenbaum, A.M., et al., “Data Structure Using Pascal,” 1981 Prentice-Hall, Inc., 34 pages. |
| Tsai, W.H., et al., “Attributed Grammar—A Tool for Combining Syntactic and Statistical Approaches to Pattern Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-10, No. 12, Dec. 1980, 13 pages. |
| Udell, J., “Computer Telephony,” BYTE, vol. 19, No. 7, Jul. 1, 1994, 9 pages. |
| Van Santen, J. P. H., “Contextual Effects on Vowel Duration,” Journal Speech Communication, vol. 11, No. 6, Dec. 1992, 34 pages. |
| Vepa, J., et al., “New Objective Distance Measures for Spectral Discontinuities in Concatenative Speech Synthesis,” In Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 Workshop on Speech Synthesis, 4 pages. |
| Verschelde, J., “MATLAB Lecture 8. Special Matrices in MATLAB,” Nov. 23, 2005, UIC Dept. of Math., Stat.. & C.S., MCS 320, Introduction to Symbolic Computation, 4 pages. |
| Vingron, M. “Near-Optimal Sequence Alignment,” Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Abteilung Theoretische Bioinformatik, Heidelberg, Germany, Jun. 1996, 20 pages. |
| Werner, S., et al., “Prosodic Aspects of Speech,” Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, 1994, Fundamentals of Speech Synthesis and Speech Recognition: Basic Concepts, State of the Art, and Future Challenges, 18 pages. |
| Wikipedia, “Mel Scale,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, last modified page date: Oct. 13, 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_scale, 2 pages. |
| Wikipedia, “Minimum Phase,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, last modified page date: Jan. 12, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_phase, 8 pages. |
| Wolff, M., “Poststructuralism and the ARTFUL Database: Some Theoretical Considerations,” Information Technology and Libraries, vol. 13, No. 1, Mar. 1994, 10 pages. |
| Wu, M., “Digital Speech Processing and Coding,” ENEE408G Capstone-Multimedia Signal Processing, Spring 2003, Lecture-2 course presentation, University of Maryland, College Park, 8 pages. |
| Wu, M., “Speech Recognition, Synthesis, and H.C.I.,” ENEE408G Capstone-Multimedia Signal Processing, Spring 2003, Lecture-3 course presentation, University of Maryland, College Park, 11 pages. |
| Wyle, M. F., “A Wide Area Network Information Filter,” In Proceedings of First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence on Wall Street, Oct. 9-11, 1991, 6 pages. |
| Yankelovich, N., et al., “Intermedia: The Concept and the Construction of a Seamless Information Environment,” Computer Magazine, Jan. 1988, © 1988 IEEE, 16 pages. |
| Yoon, K., et al., “Letter-to-Sound Rules for Korean,” Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University, 2002, 4 pages. |
| Zhao, Y., “An Acoustic-Phonetic-Based Speaker Adaptation Technique for Improving Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 2, No. 3, Jul. 1994, 15 pages. |
| Zovato, E., et al., “Towards Emotional Speech Synthesis: A Rule Based Approach,” 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop—Pittsburgh, Jun. 14-16, 2004, 2 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 25, 2010, received in International Application No. PCT/US2010/037378, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 16 pages (Apple Inc.). |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Nov. 16, 2012, received in International Application No. PCT/US2012/040571, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,088 14 pages (Apple Inc.). |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 20, 2012, received in International Application No. PCT/US2012/056382, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, 11 pages (Gruber). |
| International Search Report dated Nov. 9, 1994, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12666, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,302, 8 pages. (Robert Don Strong). |
| International Preliminary Examination Report dated Mar. 1, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12666, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,302, 5 pages (Robert Don Strong). |
| International Preliminary Examination Report dated Apr. 10, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12637, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,354, 7 pages (Alejandro Acero). |
| International Search Report dated Feb. 8, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 7 pages (Yen-Lu Chow). |
| International Preliminary Examination Report dated Feb. 28, 1996, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 4 pages (Yen-Lu Chow). |
| Written Opinion dated Aug. 21, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 4 pages (Yen-Lu Chow). |
| International Search Report dated Nov. 8, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1995/08369, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/271,639, 6 pages (Peter V. De Souza). |
| International Preliminary Examination Report dated Oct. 9, 1996, received in International Application No. PCT/US1995/08369, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/271,639, 4 pages (Peter V. De Souza). |
| Australian Office Action dated Jul. 2, 2013 for Application No. 2011205426, 9 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Dec. 7, 2012 for Application No. 2010254812, 8 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 27, 2012 for Application No. 2012101471, 6 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 22, 2012 for Application No. 2012101466, 6 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 14, 2012 for Application No. 2012101473, 6 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101470, 5 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 28, 2012 for Application No. 2012101468, 5 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101472, 5 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101469, 6 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 15, 2012 for Application No. 2012101465, 6 pages. |
| Australian Office Action dated Nov. 30, 2012 for Application No. 2012101467, 6 pages. |
| Canadian Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2013 for Application No. 2,793,118, 3 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated Apr. 29, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101191, 4 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 21, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101471, 5 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 10, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101466, 4 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 9, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101473, 4 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101470, 5 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 2, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101468, 5 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101472, 5 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101469, 4 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 13, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101465, 5 pages. |
| Certificate of Examination dated May 13, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101467, 5 pages. |
| Current claims of PCT Application No. PCT/US11/20861 dated Jan. 11, 2011, 17 pages. |
| GB Patent Act 1977: Combined Search Report and Examination Report under Sections 17 and 18(3) for Application No. GB1009318.5, report dated Oct. 8, 2010, 5 pages. |
| GB Patent Act 1977: Combined Search Report and Examination Report under Sections 17 and 18(3) for Application No. GB1217449.6, report dated Jan. 17, 2013, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 10, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,656, 14 pages (Gruber). |
| Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 12, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/518,292, 16 pages (Cheyer). |
| Final Office Action dated Jun. 19, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 46 pages (van Os). |
| Final Office Action dated Mar. 25, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,127, 53 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Jul. 26, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,512, 36 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Jul. 11, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/784,707, 29 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Jul. 5, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,713, 34 pages (Guzzoni). |
| Office Action dated Jul. 2, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,761, 14 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Jun. 28, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,616, 29 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Jun. 27, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,742, 29 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Apr. 16, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,550, 8 pages (Cheyer). |
| Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,656, 22 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Mar. 14, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/987,982, 59 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Mar. 7, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/492,809, 26 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Jul. 5, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,481, 26 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Sep. 29, 2011, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 32 pages (van Os). |
| Office Action dated Jan. 31, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,088, 38 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Nov. 28, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,104, 49 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Dec. 7, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,118, 52 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated Nov. 8, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,127, 35 pages (Gruber). |
| Russian Office Action dated Nov. 8, 2012 for Application No. 2012144647, 7 pages. |
| Russian Office Action dated Dec. 6, 2012 for Application No. 2012144605, 6 pages. |
| Agnäs, MS., et al., “Spoken Language Translator: First-Year Report,” Jan. 1994, SICS (ISSN 0283-3638), SRI and Telia Research AB, 161 pages. |
| Allen, J., “Natural Language Understanding,” 2nd Edition, Copyright @ 1995 by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 671 pages. |
| Alshawi, H., et al., “CLARE: A Contextual Reasoning and Cooperative Response Framework for the Core Language Engine,” Dec. 1992, SRI International, Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, Cambridge, 273 pages. |
| Alshawi, H., et al., “Declarative Derivation of Database Queries from Meaning Representations,” Oct. 1991, Proceedings of the BANKAI Workshop on Intelligent Information Access, 12 pages. |
| Alshawi H., et al., “Logical Forms in the Core Language Engine,” 1989, Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages. |
| Alshawi, H., et al., “Overview of the Core Language Engine,” Sep. 1988, Proceedings of Future Generation Computing Systems, Tokyo, 13 pages. |
| Alshawi, H., “Translation and Monotonic Interpretation/Generation,” Jul. 1992, SRI International, Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, Cambridge, 18 pages, http://www.cam.sri.com/tr/crc024/paper.ps.Z 1992. |
| Appelt, D., et al., “Fastus: A Finite-state Processor for Information Extraction from Real-world Text,” 1993, Proceedings of IJCAI, 8 pages. |
| Appelt, D., et al., “SRI: Description of the JV-FASTUS System Used for MUC-5,” 1993, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 19 pages. |
| Appelt, D., et al., SRI International Fastus System MUC-6 Test Results and Analysis, 1995, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 12 pages. |
| Archbold, A., et al., “A Team User's Guide,” Dec. 21, 1981, SRI International, 70 pages. |
| Bear, J., et al., “A System for Labeling Self-Repairs in Speech,” Feb. 22, 1993, SRI International, 9 pages. |
| Bear, J., et al., “Detection and Correction of Repairs in Human-Computer Dialog,” May 5, 1992, SRI International, 11 pages. |
| Bear, J., et al., “Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources for Detection and Correction of Repairs in Human-Computer Dialog,” 1992, Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 8 pages. |
| Bear, J., et al., “Using Information Extraction to Improve Document Retrieval,” 1998, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 11 pages. |
| Berry, P., et al., “Task Management under Change and Uncertainty Constraint Solving Experience with the CALO Project,” 2005, Proceedings of CP'05 Workshop on Constraint Solving under Change, 5 pages. |
| Bobrow, R. et al., “Knowledge Representation for Syntactic/Semantic Processing,” From: AAA-80 Proceedings. Copyright © 1980, AAAI, 8 pages. |
| Bouchou, B., et al., “Using Transducers in Natural Language Database Query,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 17 pages. |
| Bratt, H., et al., “The SRI Telephone-based ATIS System,” 1995, Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, 3 pages. |
| Burke, R., et al., “Question Answering from Frequently Asked Question Files,” 1997, AI Magazine, vol. 18, No. 2, 10 pages. |
| Burns, A., et al., “Development of a Web-Based Intelligent Agent for the Fashion Selection and Purchasing Process via Electronic Commerce,” Dec. 31, 1998, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information system (AMCIS), 4 pages. |
| Carter, D., “Lexical Acquisition in the Core Language Engine,” 1989, Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages. |
| Carter, D., et al., “The Speech-Language Interface in the Spoken Language Translator,” Nov. 23, 1994, SRI International, 9 pages. |
| Chai, J., et al., “Comparative Evaluation of a Natural Language Dialog Based System and a Menu Driven System for Information Access: a Case Study,” Apr. 2000, Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Information Retrieval (RIAO), Paris, 11 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., et al., “Multimodal Maps: An Agent-based Approach,” International Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication, 1995, 15 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent systems, vol. 4, Mar. 1, 2001, 6 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture: Building communities of distributed software agents” Feb. 21, 1998, Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International, Power Point presentation, downloaded from http://www.ai.sri.com/˜oaa/, 25 pages. |
| Codd, E. F., “Databases: Improving Usability and Responsiveness—‘How About Recently’,” Copyright © 1978, by Academic Press, Inc., 28 pages. |
| Cohen, P.R., et al., “An Open Agent Architecture,” 1994, 8 pages. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.480. |
| Coles, L. S., et al., “Chemistry Question-Answering,” Jun. 1969, SRI International, 15 pages. |
| Coles, L. S., “Techniques for Information Retrieval Using an Inferential Question-Answering System with Natural-Language Input,” Nov. 1972, SRI International, 198 Pages. |
| Coles, L. S., “The Application of Theorem Proving to Information Retrieval,” Jan. 1971, SRI International, 21 pages. |
| Constantinides, P., et al., “A Schema Based Approach to Dialog Control,” 1998, Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 4 pages. |
| Craig, J., et al., “Deacon: Direct English Access and Control,” Nov. 7-10, 1966 AFIPS Conference Proceedings, vol. 19, San Francisco, 18 pages. |
| Dar, S., et al., “DTL's DataSpot: Database Exploration Using Plain Language,” 1998 Proceedings of the 24th VLDB Conference, New York, 5 pages. |
| Decker, K., et al., “Designing Behaviors for Information Agents,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, Jul. 6, 1996, 15 pages. |
| Decker, K., et al., “Matchmaking and Brokering,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, May 16, 1996, 19 pages. |
| Dowding, J., et al., “Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding,” 1993, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages. |
| Dowding, J., et al., “Interleaving Syntax and Semantics in an Efficient Bottom-Up Parser,” 1994, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 7 pages. |
| Epstein, M., et al., “Natural Language Access to a Melanoma Data Base,” Sep. 1978, SRI International, 7 pages. |
| Exhibit 1, “Natural Language Interface Using Constrained Intermediate Dictionary of Results,” Classes/Subclasses Manually Reviewed for the Search of U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,798, Mar. 22, 2013, 1 page. |
| Exhibit 1, “Natural Language Interface Using Constrained Intermediate Dictionary of Results,” List of Publications Manually reviewed for the Search of U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,798, Mar. 22, 2013, 1 page. |
| Ferguson, G., et al., “TRIPS: An Integrated Intelligent Problem-Solving Assistant,” 1998, Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98) and Tenth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-98), 7 pages. |
| Fikes, R., et al., “A Network-based knowledge Representation and its Natural Deduction System,” Jul. 1977, SRI International, 43 pages. |
| Gambäck, B., et al., “The Swedish Core Language Engine,” 1992 NOTEX Conference, 17 pages. |
| Glass, J., et al., “Multilingual Language Generation Across Multiple Domains,” Sep. 18-22, 1994, International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Japan, 5 pages. |
| Green, C. “The Application of Theorem Proving to Question-Answering Systems,” Jun. 1969, SRI Stanford Research Institute, Artificial Intelligence Group, 169 pages. |
| Gregg, D. G., “DSS Access on the WWW: An Intelligent Agent Prototype,” 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems-Association for Information Systems, 3 pages. |
| Grishman, R., “Computational Linguistics: An Introduction,” © Cambridge University Press 1986, 172 pages. |
| Grosz, B. et al., “Dialogic: A Core Natural-Language Processing System,” Nov. 9, 1982, SRI International, 17 pages. |
| Grosz, B. et al., “Research on Natural-Language Processing at SRI,” Nov. 1981, SRI International, 21 pages. |
| Grosz, B., et al., “TEAM: An Experiment in the Design of Transportable Natural-Language Interfaces,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 32, 1987, 71 pages. |
| Grosz, B., “Team: A Transportable Natural-Language Interface System,” 1983, Proceedings of the First Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, 7 pages. |
| Guida, G., et al., “NLI: A Robust Interface for Natural Language Person-Machine Communication,” Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, vol. 17, 1982, 17 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, A platform for Building Intelligent Software,” Computational Intelligence 2006, 5 pages. http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/˜ley/pers/hd/g/Guzzoni:Didier. |
| Guzzoni, D., “Active: A unified platform for building intelligent assistant applications,” Oct. 25, 2007, 262 pages. |
| Guzzoni, D., et al., “Many Robots Make Short Work,” 1996 AAAI Robot Contest, SRI International, 9 pages. |
| Haas, N., et al., “An Approach to Acquiring and Applying Knowledge,” Nov. 1980, SRI International, 22 pages. |
| Hadidi, R., et al., “Students' Acceptance of Web-Based Course Offerings: An Empirical Assessment,” 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages. |
| Hawkins, J., et al., “Hierarchical Temporal Memory: Concepts, Theory, and Terminology,” Mar. 27, 2007, Numenta, Inc., 20 pages. |
| He, Q., et al., “Personal Security Agent: KQML-Based PKI,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, Oct. 1, 1997, 14 pages. |
| Hendrix, G. et al., “Developing a Natural Language Interface to Complex Data,” ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 3, No. 2, Jun. 1978, 43 pages. |
| Hendrix, G., “Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing,” Feb. 1977, SRI International, 27 pages. |
| Hendrix, G., “Klaus: A System for Managing Information and Computational Resources,” Oct. 1980, SRI International, 34 pages. |
| Hendrix, G., “Lifer: A Natural Language Interface Facility,” Dec. 1976, SRI Stanford Research Institute, Artificial Intelligence Center, 9 pages. |
| Hendrix, G., “Natural-Language Interface,” Apr.-Jun. 1982, American Journal of Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, No. 2, 7 pages. Best Copy Available. |
| Hendrix, G., “The Lifer Manual: A Guide to Building Practical Natural Language Interfaces,” Feb. 1977, SRI International, 76 pages. |
| Hendrix, G., et al., “Transportable Natural-Language Interfaces to Databases,” Apr. 30, 1981, SRI International, 18 pages. |
| Hirschman, L., et al., “Multi-Site Data Collection and Evaluation in Spoken Language Understanding,” 1993, Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology, 6 pages. |
| Hobbs, J., et al., “Fastus: A System for Extracting Information from Natural-Language Text,” Nov. 19, 1992, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 26 pages. |
| Hobbs, J., et al.,“Fastus: Extracting Information from Natural-Language Texts,” 1992, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 22 pages. |
| Hobbs, J., “Sublanguage and Knowledge,” Jun. 1984, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 30 pages. |
| Hodjat, B., et al., “Iterative Statistical Language Model Generation for Use with an Agent-Oriented Natural Language Interface,” vol. 4 of the Proceedings of HCI International 2003, 7 pages. |
| Huang, X., et al., “The SPHINX-II Speech Recognition System: An Overview,” Jan. 15, 1992, Computer, Speech and Language, 14 pages. |
| Issar, S., et al., “CMU's Robust Spoken Language Understanding System,” 1993, Proceedings of EUROSPEECH, 4 pages. |
| Issar, S., “Estimation of Language Models for New Spoken Language Applications,” Oct. 3-6, 1996, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Spoken language Processing, Philadelphia, 4 pages. |
| Janas, J., “The Semantics-Based Natural Language Interface to Relational Databases,” © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986, Germany, 48 pages. |
| Johnson, J., “A Data Management Strategy for Transportable Natural Language Interfaces,” Jun. 1989, doctoral thesis submitted to the Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Canada, 285 pages. |
| Julia, L., et al., “http://www.speech.sri.com/demos/atis.html,” 1997, Proceedings of AAAI, Spring Symposium, 5 pages. |
| Kahn, M., et al., “CoABS Grid Scalability Experiments,” 2003, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 7, 8 pages. |
| Kamel, M., et al., “A Graph Based Knowledge Retrieval System,” © 1990 IEEE, 7 pages. |
| Katz, B., “Annotating the World Wide Web Using Natural Language,” 1997, Proceedings of the 5th RIAO Conference on Computer Assisted Information Searching on the Internet, 7 pages. |
| Katz, B., “A Three-Step Procedure for Language Generation,” Dec. 1980, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 42 pages. |
| Kats, B., et al., “Exploiting Lexical Regularities in Designing Natural Language Systems,” 1988, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Coling'88, Budapest, Hungary, 22 pages. |
| Katz, B., et al., “REXTOR: A System for Generating Relations from Natural Language,” In Proceedings of the ACL Oct. 2000 Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (NLP&IR), 11 pages. |
| Katz, B., “Using English for Indexing and Retrieving,” 1988 Proceedings of the 1st RIAO Conference on User-Oriented Content-Based Text and Image (RIAO'88), 19 pages. |
| Konolige, K., “A Framework for a Portable Natural-Language Interface to Large Data Bases,” Oct. 12, 1979, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 54 pages. |
| Laird, J., et al., “SOAR: An Architecture for General Intelligence,” 1987, Artificial Intelligence vol. 33, 64 pages. |
| Langly, P., et al.,“A Design for the Icarus Architechture,” SIGART Bulletin, vol. 2, No. 4, 6 pages. |
| Larks, “Intelligent Software Agents: Larks,” 2006, downloaded on Mar. 15, 2013 from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/larks.html, 2 pages. |
| Martin, D., et al., “Building Distributed Software Systems with the Open Agent Architecture,” Mar. 23-25, 1998, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 23 pages. |
| Martin, D., et al., “Development Tools for the Open Agent Architecture,” Apr. 1996, Proceedings of the International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 17 pages. |
| Martin, D., et al., “Information Brokering in an Agent Architecture,” Apr. 1997, Proceedings of the second International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 20 pages. |
| Martin, D., et al., “PAAM '98 Tutorial: Building and Using Practical Agent Applications,” 1998, SRI International, 78 pages. |
| Martin, P., et al., “Transportability and Generality in a Natural-Language Interface System,” Aug. 8-12, 1983, Proceedings of the Eight International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, West Germany, 21 pages. |
| Matiasek, J., et al., “Tamic-P: A System for NL Access to Social Insurance Database,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 7 pages. |
| Michos, S.E., et al., “Towards an adaptive natural language interface to command languages,” Natural Language Engineering 2 (3), © 1994 Cambridge University Press, 19 pages. Best Copy Available. |
| Milstead, J., et al., “Metadata: Cataloging by Any Other Name . . . ” Jan. 1999, Online, Copyright © 1999 Information Today, Inc., 18 pages. |
| Minker, W., et al., “Hidden Understanding Models for Machine Translation,” 1999, Proceedings of ETRW on Interactive Dialogue in Multi-Modal Systems, 4 pages. |
| Modi, P. J., et al., “CMRadar: A Personal Assistant Agent for Calendar Management,” © 2004, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Systems Demonstrations, 2 pages. |
| Moore, R., et al., “Combining Linguistic and Statistical Knowledge Sources in Natural-Language Processing for ATIS,” 1995, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 4 pages. |
| Moore, R., “Handling Complex Queries in a Distributed Data Base,” Oct. 8, 1979, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 38 pages. |
| Moore, R., “Practical Natural-Language Processing by Computer,” Oct. 1981, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 34 pages. |
| Moore, R., et al., “SRI's Experience with the ATIS Evaluation,” Jun. 24-27, 1990, Proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, 4 pages. Best Copy Available. |
| Moore, et al., “The Information Warefare Advisor: An Architecture for Interacting with Intelligent Agents Across the Web,” Dec. 31, 1998 Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages. |
| Moore, R., “The Role of Logic in Knowledge Representation and Commonsense Reasoning,” Jun. 1982, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 19 pages. |
| Moore, R., “Using Natural-Language Knowledge Sources in Speech Recognition,” Jan. 1999, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 24 pages. |
| Moran, D., et al., “Intelligent Agent-based User Interfaces,” Oct. 12-13, 1995, Proceedings of International Workshop on Human Interface Technology, University of Aizu, Japan, 4 pages. http://www.dougmoran.com/dmoran/PAPERS/oaa-iwhit1995.pdf. |
| Moran, D., “Quantifier Scoping in the SRI Core Language Engine,” 1988, Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages. |
| Motro, A., “Flex: A Tolerant and Cooperative User Interface to Databases,” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 2, No. 2, Jun. 1990, 16 pages. |
| Murveit, H., et al., “Speech Recognition in SRI's Resource Management and ATIS Systems,” 1991, Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language (HTL'91), 7 pages. |
| OAA, “The Open Agent Architecture 1.0 Distribution Source Code,” Copyright 1999, SRI International, 2 pages. |
| Odubiyi, J., et al., “SAIRE—a scalable agent-based information retrieval engine,” 1997 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 12 pages. |
| Owei, V., et al., “Natural Language Query Filtration in the Conceptual Query Language,” © 1997 IEEE, 11 pages. |
| Pannu, A., et al., “A Learning Personal Agent for Text Filtering and Notification,” 1996, The Robotics Institute School of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, 12 pages. |
| Pereira, “Logic for Natural Language Analysis,” Jan. 1983, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 194 pages. |
| Perrault, C.R., et al., “Natural-Language Interfaces,” Aug. 22, 1986, SRI International, 48 pages. |
| Pulman, S.G., et al., “Clare: A Combined Language and Reasoning Engine,” 1993, Proceedings of JFIT Conference, 8 pages. URL: http://www.cam.sri.com/tr/crc042/paper.ps.Z. |
| Ravishankar, “Efficient Algorithms for Speech Recognition,” May 15, 1996, Doctoral Thesis submitted to School of Computer Science, Computer Science Division, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, 146 pages. |
| Rayner, M., et al., “Adapting the Core Language Engine to French and Spanish,” May 10, 1996, Cornell University Library, 9 pages. http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9605015. |
| Rayner, M., “Abductive Equivalential Translation and its application to Natural Language Database Interfacing,” Sep. 1993 Dissertation paper, SRI International, 163 pages. |
| Rayner, M., et al., “Deriving Database Queries from Logical Forms by Abductive Definition Expansion,” 1992, Proceedings of the Third Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, ANLC'92, 8 pages. |
| Rayner, M., “Linguistic Domain Theories: Natural-Language Database Interfacing from First Principles,” 1993, SRI International, Cambridge, 11 pages. |
| Rayner, M., et al., “Spoken Language Translation With Mid-90's Technology: A Case Study,” 1993, EUROSPEECH, ISCA, 4 pages. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/interspeech/eurospeech1993.html#RaynerBCCDGKKLPPS93. |
| Rudnicky, A.I., et al., “Creating Natural Dialogs in the Carnegie Mellon Communicator System,”. |
| Russell, S., et al., “Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach,” © 1995 Prentice Hall, Inc., 121 pages. |
| Sacerdoti, E., et al., “A Ladder User's Guide (Revised),” Mar. 1980, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 39 pages. |
| Sagalowicz, D., “A D-Ladder User's Guide,” Sep. 1980, SRI International, 42 pages. |
| Sameshima, Y., et al., “Authorization with security attributes and privilege delegation Access control beyond the ACL,” Computer Communications, vol. 20, 1997, 9 pages. |
| San-Segundo, R., et al., “Confidence Measures for Dialogue Management in the CU Communicator System,” Jun. 5-9, 2000, Proceedings of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'00), 4 pages. |
| Sato, H., “A Data Model, Knowledge Base, and Natural Language Processing for Sharing a Large Statistical Database,” 1989, Statistical and Scientific Database Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 339, 20 pages. |
| Schnelle, D., “Context Aware Voice User Interfaces for Workflow Support,” Aug. 27, 2007, Dissertation paper, 254 pages. |
| Sharoff, S., et al., “Register-domain Separation as a Methodology for Development of Natural Language Interfaces to Databases,” 1999, Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT'99), 7 pages. |
| Shimazu, H., et al., “CAPIT: Natural Language Interface Design Tool with Keyword Analyzer and Case-Based Parser,” NEC Research & Development, vol. 33, No. 4, Oct. 1992, 11 pages. |
| Shinkle, L., “Team User's Guide,” Nov. 1984, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 78 pages. |
| Shklar, L., et al., “Info Harness: Use of Automatically Generated Metadata for Search and Retrieval of Heterogeneous Information,” 1995 Proceedings of CAiSE'95, Finland. |
| Singh, N., “Unifying Heterogeneous Information Models,” 1998 Communications of the ACM, 13 pages. |
| Starr, B., et al., “Knowledge-Intensive Query Processing,” May 31, 1998, Proceedings of the 5th KRDB Workshop, Seattle, 6 pages. |
| Stern, R., et al. “Multiple Approaches to Robust Speech Recognition,” 1992, Proceedings of Speech and Natural Language Workshop, 6 pages. |
| Stickel, “A Nonclausal Connection-Graph Resolution Theorem-Proving Program,” 1982, Proceedings of AAAI'82, 5 pages. |
| Sugumaran, V., “A Distributed Intelligent Agent-Based Spatial Decision Support System,” Dec. 31, 1998, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information systems (AMCIS), 4 pages. |
| Sycara, K., et al., “Coordination of Multiple Intelligent Software Agents,” International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems (IJCIS), vol. 5, Nos. 2 & 3, Jun. & Sep. 1996, 33 pages. |
| Sycara, K., et al., “Distributed Intelligent Agents,” IEEE Expert, vol. 11, No. 6, Dec. 1996, 32 pages. |
| Sycara, K., et al., “Dynamic Service Matchmaking Among Agents in Open Information Environments ,” 1999, SIGMOD Record, 7 pages. |
| Sycara, K., et al., “The RETSINA MAS Infrastructure,” 2003, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 7, 20 pages. |
| Tyson, M., et al., “Domain-Independent Task Specification in the TACITUS Natural Language System,” May 1990, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 16 pages. |
| Wahlster, W., et al., “Smartkom: multimodal communication with a life-like character,” 2001 EUROSPEECH—Scandinavia, 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, 5 pages. |
| Waldinger, R., et al., “Deductive Question Answering from Multiple Resources,” 2003, New Directions in Question Answering, published by AAAI, Menlo Park, 22 pages. |
| Walker, D., et al., “Natural Language Access to Medical Text,” Mar. 1981, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 23 pages. |
| Waltz, D., “An English Language Question Answering System for a Large Relational Database,” © 1978 ACM, vol. 21, No. 7, 14 pages. |
| Ward, W., et al., “A Class Based Language Model for Speech Recognition,” © 1996 IEEE, 3 pages. |
| Ward, W., et al., “Recent Improvements in the CMU Spoken Language Understanding System,” 1994, ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop, 4 pages. |
| Ward, W., “The CMU Air Travel Information Service: Understanding Spontaneous Speech,” 3 pages. |
| Warren, D.H.D., et al., “An Efficient Easily Adaptable System for Interpreting Natural Language Queries,” Jul.-Dec. 1982, American Journal of Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, No. 3-4, 11 pages. |
| Weizenbaum, J., “ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 1966, 10 pages. |
| Winiwarter, W., “Adaptive Natural Language Interfaces to FAQ Knowledge Bases,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 22 pages. |
| Wu, X. et al., “KDA: A Knowledge-based Database Assistant,” Data Engineering, Feb. 6-10, 1989, Proceeding of the Fifth International Conference on Engineering (IEEE Cat. No. 89CH2695-5), 8 pages. |
| Yang, J., et al., “Smart Sight: A Tourist Assistant System,” 1999 Proceedings of Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 6 pages. |
| Zeng, D., et al., “Cooperative Intelligent Software Agents,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, Mar. 1995, 13 pages. |
| Zhao, L., “Intelligent Agents for Flexible Workflow Systems,” Oct. 31, 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages. |
| Zue, V., et al., “From Interface to Content: Translingual Access and Delivery of On-Line Information,” 1997, EUROSPEECH, 4 pages. |
| Zue, V., et al., “Jupiter: A Telephone-Based Conversational Interface for Weather Information,” Jan. 2000, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 13 pages. |
| Zue, V., et al., “Pegasus: A Spoken Dialogue Interface for On-Line Air Travel Planning,” 1994 Elsevier, Speech Communication 15 (1994), 10 pages. |
| Zue, V., et al., “The Voyager Speech Understanding System: Preliminary Development and Evaluation,” 1990, Proceedings of IEEE 1990 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 4 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Jul. 16, 2013, received in Application No. 12186663.6-1910, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,854, 8 pages (Gruber). |
| Final Office Action dated Jun. 13, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,118, 42 pages (Gruber). |
| Office Action dated May 23, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/784,694, 27 pages (Gruber). |
| AppleEvent Manager, which is described in the publication Inside Macintosh vol. VI, available from Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1985. |
| Dual Rate Speech Coder for Multimedia Communications Transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s, International Telecommunication Union Recommendation G.723, 7 pages. |
| Quick Search Algorithm, Communications of the ACM, 33(8), 1990, pp. 132-142. |
| Worldwide Character Encoding, Version 2.0, vols. 1,2 by Unicode, Inc., 12 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes Supplementary European Search Report and Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 12727027.0, dated Sep. 26, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (inclusive of the Partial European Search Report and European Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 12729332.2, dated Oct. 31, 2014, 6 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes Partial European Search Report and European Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 13169672.6, dated Aug. 14, 2013, 11 pages. |
| Amano, Junko, “A User-Friendly Authoring System for Digital Talking Books”, IEICE Technical Report, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, vol. 103 No. 418, Nov. 6, 2003, pp. 33-40. |
| Amano et al., “A User-friendly Multimedia Book Authoring System”, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers Technical Report, vol. 103, No. 416, Nov. 2003, pp. 33-40. |
| Barrett et al., “How to Personalize the Web”, 1997 In proceddings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems, Mar. 22-27, 1997, pp. 75-82. |
| Boyer et al., “A Fast String Searching Algorithm”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 20, 1977, pp. 762-772. |
| Cao et al., “Adapting Ranking SVM to Document Retrieval”, SIGIR '06, Seattle, WA, Aug. 6-11, 2006, 8 pages. |
| Chomsky et al., “The Sound Pattern of English”, New York, Harper and Row, 1968, 242 pages. |
| Church, Kenneth W., “Phonological Parsing in Speech Recognition”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1987, 261 pages. |
| Erol et al., “Multimedia Clip Generation From Documents for Browsing on Mobile Devices”, IEEE Transactions on Multimiedia, vol. 10, No. 5, Aug. 2008, 13 pages. |
| Evermann et al., “Posterior Probability Decoding, Confidence Estimation and System Combination”, Proceedings Speech Transcription Workshop, 2000, 4 pages. |
| Fiscus, J. G., “A Post-Processing System to Yield Reduced Word Error Rates: Recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (ROVER)”, IEEE Proceedings, Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, Dec. 14-17, 1997, pp. 347-354. |
| Gonnet et al., “Handbook of Algorithms and Data Structures: in Pascal and C. (2nd ed.)”, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., 1991, 17 pages. |
| Gruber et al., U.S. Appl. No. 61/186,414, filed Jun. 12, 2009 titled “System and Method for Semantic Auto-Completion”, 13 pages. |
| Gruber et al., U.S. Appl. No. 61/493,201, filed Jun. 3, 2011 titled “Generating and Processing Data Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”, 68 pages. |
| Gruber et al., U.S. Appl. No. 61/657,744, filed Jun. 9, 2012 titled “Automatically Adapting User Interfaces for Hands-Free Interaction”, 40 pages. |
| Gruber et al., U.S. Appl. No. 07/976,970, filed Nov. 16, 1992 titled “Status Bar for Application Windows”. |
| Guay, Matthew, “Location-Driven Productivity with Task Ave”, available at “http://iphone.appstorm.net/reviews/productivity/location-driven-productivity-with-task-ave/”, Feb. 19, 2011, 7 pages. |
| Haitsma et al., “A Highly Robust Audio Fingerprinting System”, In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2002, 9 pages. |
| Hendrickson, Bruce, “Latent Semantic Analysis and Fiedler Retrieval”, Discrete Algorithms and Mathematics Department, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM, Sep. 21, 2006, 12 pages. |
| id3.org, “id3v2.4.0—Frames”, available at “http://id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames?action=print”, retrieved on Jan. 22, 2015, 41 pages. |
| Jawaid et al., “Machine Translation with Significant Word Reordering and Rich Target-Side Morphology”, WDS'11 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part I, 2011, pp. 161-166. |
| Kane et al., “Slide Rule: Making Mobile Touch Screens Accessible to Blind People Using Multi-Touch Interaction Techniques”, ASSETS, Oct. 13-15, 2008, pp. 73-80. |
| Kohler, Joachim, “Multilingual Phone Models for Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition Tasks”, Speech Communication, vol. 35, No. 1-2, Aug. 2001, pp. 21-30. |
| Kroon et al., “Pitch Predictors with High Temporal Resolution”, IEEE, vol. 2, 1990, pp. 661-664. |
| Ladefoged, Peter, “A Course in Phonetics”, New York, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Second Edition, 1982. |
| Lau et al., “Trigger-Based Language Models: A Maximum Entropy Approach”, ICASSP'93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech, and signal processing: speech processing—vol. II, 1993, pp. 45-48. |
| Lee et al., “On URL Normalization”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications, ICCSA 2005, pp. 1076-1085. |
| Leveseque et al., “A Fundamental Tradeoff in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning”, Readings in Knowledge Representation, 1985, 30 pages. |
| Mangu et al., “Finding Consensus in Speech Recognition: Word Error Minimization and Other Applications of Confusion Networks”, Computer Speech and Language, vol. 14, No. 4, 2000, pp. 291-294. |
| Manning et al., “Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing”, The MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1999, pp. 10-11. |
| International Preliminary Examination Report on received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US1993/12637, dated Apr. 10, 1995, 7 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/030234, dated Mar. 20, 2007, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2005/030234, dated Mar. 17, 2006, 11 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2009/051954, dated Mar. 24, 2011, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2009/051954, dated Oct. 30, 2009, 10 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/040571, dated Dec. 19, 2013, 10 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/040801, dated Dec. 19, 2013, 16 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/040801, dated Oct. 22, 2012, 20 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/043100, dated Nov. 15, 2012, 8 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/041233, dated Nov. 18, 2014, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/041233, dated Nov. 22, 2013, 3 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/028785, dated Oct. 17, 2014, 23 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/049568, dated Nov. 14, 2014, 12 pages. |
| Reddi, “The Parser”. |
| “Top 10 Best Practices for Voice User Interface Design” available at <http://www.developer.com/voice/article.php/1567051/Top-10-Best-Practices-for-Voice-UserInterface-Design.htm>, Nov. 1, 2002, 4 pages. |
| Car Working Group, “Hands-Free Profile 1.5 HFP1.5_SPEC”, Bluetooth Doc, available at <www.bluetooth.org>, Nov. 25, 2005, 93 pages. |
| Cohen et al., “Voice User Interface Design,”, Excerpts from Chapter 1 and Chapter 10, 2004, 36 pages. |
| Pearl, Amy, “System Support for Integrated Desktop Video Conferencing”, Sunmicrosystems Laboratories, Dec. 1992, pp. 1-15. |
| Penn et al., “Ale for Speech: A Translation Prototype”, Bell Laboratories, 1999, 4 pages. |
| Phillipps, Ben, “Touchscreens are Changing the Face of Computers—Today's Users Have Five Types of Touchscreens to Choose from, Each with its Own Unique Characteristics”, Electronic Products, Nov. 1994, pp. 63-70. |
| Schaffer et al., “Navigating Hierarchically Clustered Networks through Fisheye and Full-Zoom Methods”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 3, No. 2, Jun. 1996, pp. 162-188. |
| Pickering, J. A., “Touch-Sensitive Screens: The Technologies and Their Application”, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 25, No. 3, Sep. 1986, pp. 249-269. |
| Pingali et al., “Audio-Visual Tracking for Natural Interactivity”, ACM Multimedia, Oct. 1999, pp. 373-382. |
| Plaisant et al., “Touchscreen Interfaces for Alphanumeric Data Entry”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 36th Annual Meeting, 1992, pp. 293-297. |
| Plaisant et al., “Touchscreen Toggle Design”, CHI'92, May 3-7, 1992, pp. 667-668. |
| Poly-Optical Products, Inc., “Poly-Optical Fiber Optic Membrane Switch Backlighting”, available at <http://www.poly-optical.com/membrane_switches.html>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 3 pages. |
| Poor, Alfred, “Microsoft Publisher”, PC Magazine, vol. 10, No. 20, Nov. 26, 1991, 1 page. |
| Potter et al., “An Experimental Evaluation of Three Touch Screen Strategies within a Hypertext Database”, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 1, No. 1, 1989, pp. 41-52. |
| Potter et al., “Improving the Accuracy of Touch Screens: An Experimental Evaluation of Three Strategies”, CHI '88 ACM, 1988, pp. 27-32. |
| Public Safety Technologies, “Tracer 2000 Computer”, available at <http://www.pst911.com/tracer.html>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 3 pages. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Apple Announces iTunes 2”, Press Release, Oct. 23, 2001, 2 pages. |
| Rabiner et al., “Digital Processing of Speech Signals”, Prentice Hall, 1978, pp. 274-277. |
| Rampe et al., “SmartForm Designer and SmartForm Assistant”, News release, Claris Corp., Jan. 9, 1989, 1 page. |
| Rao et al., “Exploring Large Tables with the Table Lens”, Apple Inc., Video Clip, Xerox Corp., on a CD, 1994. |
| Rao et al., “Exploring Large Tables with the Table Lens”, CHI'95 Mosaic of Creativity, ACM, May 7-11, 1995, pp. 403-404. |
| Rao et al., “The Table Lens: Merging Graphical and Symbolic Representations in an Interactive Focus+Context Visualization for Tabular Information”, Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 1994, pp. 1-7. |
| Raper, Larry K. ,“The C-MU PC Server Project”, (CMU-ITC-86-051), Dec. 1986, pp. 1-30. |
| Ratcliffe et al., “Intelligent Agents Take U.S. Bows”, MacWeek, vol. 6, No. 9, Mar. 2, 1992, 1 page. |
| Reddy, D. R., “Speech Recognition by Machine: A Review”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Apr. 1976, pp. 501-531. |
| Reininger et al., “Speech and Speaker Independent Codebook Design in VQ Coding Schemes”, (Proceedings of the IEEE International Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Mar. 1985), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 271-273. |
| Ren et al., “Efficient Strategies for Selecting Small Targets on Pen-Based Systems: An Evaluation Experiment for Selection Strategies and Strategy Classifications”, Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/TC13 WG2.7/WG13.4 Seventh Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 150, 1998, pp. 19-37. |
| Ren et al., “Improving Selection Performance on Pen-Based Systems: A Study of Pen-Based Interaction for Selection Tasks”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 7, No. 3, Sep. 2000, pp. 384-416. |
| Ren et al., “The Best among Six Strategies for Selecting a Minute Target and the Determination of the Minute Maximum Size of the Targets on a Pen-Based Computer”, Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT, 1997, pp. 85-92. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Apple Introduces iTunes—World's Best and Easiest to Use Jukebox Software”, Macworld Expo, Jan. 9, 2001, 2 pages. |
| Riecken, R D., “Adaptive Direct Manipulation”, IEEE Xplore, 1991, pp. 1115-1120. |
| Rioport, “Rio 500: Getting Started Guide”, available at <http://ec1.images-amazon.com/media/i3d/01/A/man-migrate/MANUAL000023453.pdf>, 1999, 2 pages. |
| Robbin et al., “MP3 Player and Encoder for Macintosh!”, SoundJam MP Plus, Version 2.0, 2000, 76 pages. |
| Robertson et al., “Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 36, No. 4, Apr. 1993, pp. 57-71. |
| Robertson et al., “The Document Lens”, UIST '93, Nov. 3-5, 1993, pp. 101-108. |
| Root, Robert, “Design of a Multi-Media Vehicle for Social Browsing”, Bell Communications Research, 1988, pp. 25-38. |
| Roseberry, Catherine, “How to Pair a Bluetooth Headset & Cell Phone”, available at <htip://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourphone/ht/blueheadset_p.htm>, retrieved on Apr. 29, 2006, 2 pages. |
| Rosenberg et al., “An Overview of the Andrew Message System”, Information Technology Center Carnegie-Mellon University, Jul. 1987, pp. 99-108. |
| Rosner et al., “In Touch: A Graphical User Interface Development Tool”, IEEE Colloquium on Software Tools for Interface Design, Nov. 8, 1990, pp. 12/1-12/7. |
| Rossfrank, “Konstenlose Sprachmitteilungins Festnetz”, XP002234425, Dec. 10, 2000, pp. 1-4. |
| Roucos et al., “A Segment Vocoder at 150 B/S”, (Proceedings of the IEEE International Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1983), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 246-249. |
| Roucos et al., “High Quality Time-Scale Modification for Speech”, Proceedings of the 1985 IEEE Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, pp. 493-496. |
| Sabin et al., “Product Code Vector Quantizers for Waveform and Voice Coding”, (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Jun. 1984), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 274-288. |
| Apple Computer, Inc., “Apple's iPod Available in Stores Tomorrow”, Press Release, Nov. 9, 2001, 1 page. |
| Santen, Jan P., “Assignment of Segmental Duration in Text-to-Speech Synthesis”, Computer Speech and Language, vol. 8, No. 2, Apr. 1994, pp. 95-128. |
| Sarawagi, Sunita, “CRF Package Page”, available at <http://crf.sourceforge.net/>, retrieved on Apr. 6, 2011, 2 pages. |
| Sarkar et al., “Graphical Fisheye Views”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 37, No. 12, Dec. 1994, pp. 73-83. |
| Sarkar et al., “Graphical Fisheye Views of Graphs”, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation,, Mar. 17, 1992, 31 pages. |
| Sarkar et al., “Graphical Fisheye Views of Graphs”, CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 3-7, 1992, pp. 83-91. |
| Sarkar et al., “Stretching the Rubber Sheet: A Metaphor for Viewing Large Layouts on Small Screens”, UIST'93, ACM, Nov. 3-5, 1993, pp. 81-91. |
| Sastry, Ravindra W., “A Need for Speed: A New Speedometer for Runners”, submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999, pp. 1-42. |
| Schafer et al., “Digital Representations of Speech Signals”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 63, No. 4, Apr. 1975, pp. 662-677. |
| Carpendale et al., “3-Dimensional Pliable Surfaces: For the Effective Presentation of Visual Information”, UIST '95 Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology, Nov. 14-17, 1995, pp. 217-226. |
| Carpendale et al., “Extending Distortion Viewing from 2D to 3D”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Jul./Aug. 1997, pp. 42-51. |
| Carpendale et al., “Making Distortions Comprehensible”, IEEE Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages, 1997, 10 pages. |
| Casner et al., “N-Way Conferencing with Packet Video”, The Third International Workshop on Packet Video, Mar. 22-23, 1990, pp. 1-6. |
| Chakarova et al., “Digital Still Cameras—Downloading Images to a Computer”, Multimedia Reporting and Convergence, available at <http://journalism.berkeley.edu/multimedia/tutorials/stillcams/downloading.html>, retrieved on May 9, 2005, 2 pages. |
| Chartier, David, “Using Multi-Network Meebo Chat Service on Your iPhone”, available at <http://www.tuaw.com/2007/07/04/using-multi-network-meebo-chat-service-on-your-iphone/>, Jul. 4, 2007, 5 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes European Search Report and European Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 06256215.2, dated Feb. 20, 2007, 6 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes Supplementary European Search Report and Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 07863218.9, dated Dec. 9, 2010, 7 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes European Search Report and European Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 12186113.2, dated Apr. 28, 2014, 14 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report (includes European Search Report and European Search Opinion) received for European Patent Application No. 13155688.8, dated Aug. 22, 2013, 11 pages. |
| Abcom Pty. Ltd. “12.1″ 925 Candela Mobile PC”, LCDHardware.com, available at <http://www.lcdhardware.com/panel/12_1_panel/default.asp.>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 2 pages. |
| Cisco Systems, Inc., “Cisco Unity Unified Messaging User Guide”, Release 4.0(5), Apr. 14, 2005, 152 pages. |
| Cisco Systems, Inc., “Installation Guide for Cisco Unity Unified Messaging with Microsoft Exchange 2003/2000 (With Failover Configured)”, Release 4.0(5), Apr. 14, 2005, 152 pages. |
| Cisco Systems, Inc., “Operations Manager Tutorial, Cisco's IPC Management Solution”, 2006, 256 pages. |
| Coleman, David W., “Meridian Mail Voice Mail System Integrates Voice Processing and Personal Computing”, Speech Technology, vol. 4, No. 2, Mar./Apr. 1988, pp. 84-87. |
| Compaq, “Personal Jukebox”, available at <http://research.compaq.com/SRC/pjb/>, 2001, 3 pages. |
| Compaq Inspiration Technology, “Personal Jukebox (PJB)—Systems Research Center and PAAD”, Oct. 13, 2000, 25 pages. |
| Conkie et al., “Preselection of Candidate Units in a Unit Selection-Based Text-to-Speech Synthesis System”, ISCA, 2000, 4 pages. |
| Conklin, Jeffrey, “A Survey of Hypertext”, MCC Software Technology Program, Dec. 1987, 40 pages. |
| Copperi et al., “CELP Coding for High Quality Speech at 8 kbits/s”, Proceedings of IEEE International Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1986), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press), 1990, pp. 324-327. |
| Corr, Paul, “Macintosh Utilities for Special Needs Users”, available at <http://homepage.mac.com/corrp/macsupt/columns/specneeds.html>, Feb. 1994 (content updated Sep. 19, 1999), 4 pages. |
| Creative, “Creative NOMAD MuVo”, available at <http://web.archive.org/web/20041024075901/www.creative.com/products/product.asp?category=213&subcategory=216&product=4983>, retrieved on Jun. 7, 2006, 1 page. |
| Creative, “Creative NOMAD MuVo TX”, available at <http://web.archive.org/web/20041024175952/www.creative.com/products/pfriendly.asp?product=9672>, retrieved on Jun. 6, 2006, 1 page. |
| Creative, “Digital MP3 Player”, available at <http://web.archive.org/web/20041024074823/www.creative. com/products/product.asp?category=213&subcategory=216&product=4983, 2004, 1 page. |
| Creative Technology Ltd., “Creative NOMAD®: Digital Audio Player: User Guide (On-Line Version)”, available at <http://ec1.images-amazon.com/media/i3d/01/A/man-migrate/MANUAL000010757.pdf>, Jun. 1999, 40 pages. |
| Creative Technology Ltd., “Creative NOMAD® II: Getting Started—User Guide (on Line Version)”, available at <http://ec1.images-amazon.com/media/i3d/01/A/man-migrate/MANUAL000026434.pdf>, Apr. 2000, 46 pages. |
| Creative Technology Ltd., “Nomad Jukebox”, User Guide, Version 1.0, Aug. 2000, 52 pages. |
| Croft et al., “Task Support in an Office System”, Proceedings of the Second ACM-SIGOA Conference on Office Information Systems, 1984, pp. 22-24. |
| Crowley et al., “MMConf: An Infrastructure for Building Shared Multimedia Applications”, CSCW 90 Proceedings, Oct. 1990, pp. 329-342. |
| Cuperman et al., “Vector Predictive Coding of Speech at 16 kbit s/s”, (IEEE Transactions on Communications, Jul. 1985), as reprinted in Vector Quantization (IEEE Press, 1990), 1990, pp. 300-311. |
| ABF Software, “Lens-Magnifying Glass 1.5”, available at <http://download.com/3000-2437-10262078.html?tag=1st-0-1>, retrieved on Feb. 11, 2004, 1 page. |
| Davis et al., “Stone Soup Translation”, Department of Linguistics, Ohio State University, 2001, 11 pages. |
| De Herrera, Chris, “Microsoft ActiveSync 3.1”, Version 1.02, available at <http://www.cewindows.net/wce/activesync3.1.htm>, Oct. 13, 2000, 8 pages. |
| Degani et al., “‘Soft’ Controls for Hard Displays: Still a Challenge”, Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, 1992, pp. 52-56. |
| Del Strother, Jonathan, “Coverflow”, available at <http://www.steelskies.com/coverflow>, retrieved on Jun. 15, 2006, 14 pages. |
| Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc., “Rio PMP300: User's Guide”, available at <http://ec1.images-amazon.com/media/i3d/01/A/man-migrate/MANUAL000022854.pdf>, 1998, 28 pages. |
| Dickinson et al., “Palmtips: Tiny Containers for All Your Data”, PC Magazine, vol. 9, Mar. 1990, p. 218(3). |
| Digital Equipment Corporation, “OpenVMS RTL DECtalk (DTK$) Manual”, May 1993, 56 pages. |
| Donahue et al., “Whiteboards: A Graphical Database Tool”, ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, vol. 4, No. 1, Jan. 1986, pp. 24-41. |
| Dourish et al., “Portholes: Supporting Awareness in a Distributed Work Group”, CHI 1992;, May 1992, pp. 541-547. |
| Abut et al., “Low-Rate Speech Encoding Using Vector Quantization and Subband Coding”, (Proceedings of the IEEE International Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Conference, Apr. 1986), as reprinted in Vector Quantization IEEE Press, 1990, pp. 312-315. |
| dyslexic.com, “AlphaSmart 3000 with CoWriter SmartApplet: Don Johnston Special Needs”, available at <http://www.dyslexic.com/procuts.php?catid- 2&pid=465&PHPSESSID=2511b800000f7da>, retrieved on Dec. 6, 2005, 13 pages. |
| Edwards, John R., “Q&A: Integrated Software with Macros and an Intelligent Assistant”, Byte Magazine, vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1986, pp. 120-122. |
| Egido, Carmen, “Video Conferencing as a Technology to Support Group Work: A Review of its Failures”, Bell Communications Research, 1988, pp. 13-24. |
| Elliot, Chip, “High-Quality Multimedia Conferencing Through a Long-Haul Packet Network”, BBN Systems and Technologies, 1993, pp. 91-98. |
| Elliott et al., “Annotation Suggestion and Search for Personal Multimedia Objects on the Web”, CIVR, Jul. 7-9, 2008, pp. 75-84. |
| Elofson et al., “Delegation Technologies: Environmental Scanning with Intelligent Agents”, Jour. of Management Info. Systems, Summer 1991, vol. 8, No. 1, 1991, pp. 37-62. |
| Eluminx, “Illuminated Keyboard”, available at <http://www.elumix.com/>, retrieved on Dec. 19, 2002, 1 page. |
| Engst, Adam C., “SoundJam Keeps on Jammin'”, available at <http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05988>, Jun. 19, 2000, 3 pages. |
| Ericsson Inc., “Cellular Phone with Integrated MP3 Player”, Research Disclosure Journal No. 41815, Feb. 1999, 2 pages. |
| Mactech, “KeyStrokes 3.5 for Mac OS X Boosts Word Prediction”, available at <http://www.mactech.com/news/?p=1007129>, retrieved on Jan. 7, 2008, 3 pages. |
| Mahedero et al., “Natural Language Processing of Lyrics”, In Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, Nov. 6-11, 2005, 4 pages. |
| Marcus et al., “Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank”, Computational Linguistics, vol. 19, No. 2, 1993, pp. 313-330. |
| Markel et al., “Linear Production of Speech”, Reviews, 1976, pp. xii, 288. |
| Masui, Toshiyuki, “POBox: An Efficient Text Input Method for Handheld and Ubiquitous Computers”, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing, 1999, 12 pages. |
| Matsui et al., “Speaker Adaptation of Tied-Mixture-Based Phoneme Models for Text-Prompted Speaker Recognition”, 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Apr. 19-22, 1994, 1-125-1-128. |
| Matsuzawa, A, “Low-Voltage and Low-Power Circuit Design for Mixed Analog/Digital Systems in Portable Equipment”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, No. 4, 1994, pp. 470-480. |
| Mellinger, David K., “Feature-Map Methods for Extracting Sound Frequency Modulation”, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1991, pp. 795-799. |
| Menico, Costas, “Faster String Searches”, Dr. Dobb's Journal, vol. 14, No. 7, Jul. 1989, pp. 74-77. |
| Menta, Richard, “1200 Song MP3 Portable is a Milestone Player”, available at <http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/personaljuke.html>, Jan. 11, 2000, 4 pages. |
| Meyer, Mike, “A Shell for Modern Personal Computers”, University of California, Aug. 1987, pp. 13-19. |
| Meyrowitz et al., “Bruwin: An Adaptable Design Strategy for Window Manager/Virtual Terminal Systems”, Department of Computer Science, Brown University, 1981, pp. 180-189. |
| Miastkowski, Stan, “paperWorks Makes Paper Intelligent”, Byte Magazine, Jun. 1992. |
| Microsoft, “Turn on and Use Magnifier”, available at <http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/accessibility/magnifierturnon.mspx>, retrieved on Jun. 6, 2009. |
| Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Office Word 2003 (SP2), Microsoft Corporation, SP3 as of 2005, pp. MSWord 2003 Figures 1-5, 1983-2003. |
| Microsoft Corporation, “Microsoft MS-DOS Operating System User's Guide”, Microsoft Corporation, 1982, pp. 4-1 to 4-16, 5-1 to 5-19. |
| Microsoft Press, “Microsoft Windows User's Guide for the Windows Graphical Environment”, version 3.0, 1985-1990, pp. 33-41 & 70-74. |
| Microsoft Windows XP, “Magnifier Utility”, Oct. 25, 2001, 2 pages. |
| Microsoft Word 2000 Microsoft Corporation, pp. MSWord Figures 1-5, 1999. |
| Microsoft/Ford, “Basic Sync Commands”, www.SyncMyRide.com, Sep. 14, 2007, 1 page. |
| Milner, N. P., “A Review of Human Performance and Preferences with Different Input Devices to Computer Systems”, Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the British Computer Society on People and Computers, Sep. 5-9, 1988, pp. 341-352. |
| Miniman, Jared, “Applian Software's Replay Radio and Player v1.02”, pocketnow.com—Review, available at <http://www.pocketnow.com/reviews/replay/replay.htm>, Jul. 31, 2001, 16 pages. |
| Moberg et al., “Cross-Lingual Phoneme Mapping for Multilingual Synthesis Systems”, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Jeju Island, Korea, INTERSPEECH 2004, Oct. 4-8, 2004, 4 pages. |
| Moberg, M., “Contributions to Multilingual Low-Footprint TTS System for Hand-Held Devices”, Doctoral Thesis, Tampere University of Technology, Aug. 17, 2007, 82 pages. |
| Mobile Tech News, “T9 Text Input Software Updated”, available at <http://www.mobiletechnews.com/info/2004/11/23/122155.html>, Nov. 23, 2004, 4 pages. |
| Mok et al., “Media Searching on Mobile Devices”, IEEE EIT 2007 Proceedings, 2007, pp. 126-129. |
| Morland, D. V., “Human Factors Guidelines for Terminal Interface Design”, Communications ofthe ACM vol. 26, No. 7, Jul. 1983, pp. 484-494. |
| Morris et al., “Andrew: A Distributed Personal Computing Environment”, Communications of the ACM, (Mar. 1986); vol. 29 No. 3,, Mar. 1986, pp. 184-201. |
| Muller et al., “CSCW'92 Demonstrations”, 1992, pp. 11-14. |
| Musicmatch, “Musicmatch and Xing Technology Introduce Musicmatch Jukebox”, Press Releases, available at <http://www.musicmatch.com/info/company/press/releases/?year= 1998&release=2>, May 18, 1998, 2 pages. |
| Muthesamy et al., “Speaker-Independent Vowel Recognition: Spectograms versus Cochleagrams”, IEEE, Apr. 1990. |
| My Cool Aids, “What's New”, available at <http://www.mycoolaids.com/>, 2012, 1 page. |
| Myers, Brad A., “Shortcutter for Palm”, available at <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/˜pebbles/v5/shortcutter/palm/index.html>, retrieved on Jun. 18, 2014, 10 pages. |
| Nadoli et al., “Intelligent Agents in the Simulation of Manufacturing Systems”, Proceedings of the SCS Multiconference on AI and Simulation, 1989, 1 page. |
| Nakagawa et al., “Unknown Word Guessing and Part-of-Speech Tagging Using Support Vector Machines”, Proceedings of the 6th NLPRS, 2001, pp. 325-331. |
| Ahlstrom et al., “Overcoming Touchscreen User Fatigue by Workplace Design”, CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1992, pp. 101-102. |
| NCIP, “NCIP Library: Word Prediction Collection”, available at <http://www2.edc.org/ncip/library/wp/toc.htm>, 1998, 4 pages. |
| NCIP, “What is Word Prediction?”, available at <http://www2.edc.org/NCIP/library/wp/what_is.htm>, 1998, 2 pages. |
| NCIP Staff, “Magnification Technology”, available at <http://www2.edc.org/ncip/library/vi/magnifi.htm>, 1994, 6 pages. |
| Newton, Harry, “Newton's Telecom Dictionary”, Mar. 1998, pp. 62, 155, 610-611, 771. |
| Nguyen et al., “Generic Manager for Spoken Dialogue Systems”, In DiaBruck: 7th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, Proceedings, 2003, 2 pages. |
| Nilsson, B. A., “Microsoft Publisher is an Honorable Start for DTP Beginners”, Computer Shopper, Feb. 1, 1992, 2 pages. |
| Noik, Emanuel G., “Layout-Independent Fisheye Views of Nested Graphs”, IEEE Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 6 pages. |
| Nonhoff-Arps et al., “StraBenmusik: Portable MP3—Spieler mit USB Anschluss”, CT Magazin Fuer Computer Technik, Verlag Heinz Heise GMBH, Hannover DE, No. 25, 2000, pp. 166-175. |
| Northern Telecom, “Meridian Mail PC User Guide”, 1988, 17 Pages. |
| Notenboom, Leo A., “Can I Retrieve Old MSN Messenger Conversations?”, available at <http://ask-leo.com/can_i_retrieve_old_msn_messenger_conversations.html>, Mar. 11, 2004, 23 pages. |
| O'Connor, Rory J., “Apple Banking on Newton's Brain”, San Jose Mercury News, Apr. 22, 1991. |
| Ohsawa et al., “A computational Model of an Intelligent Agent Who Talks with a Person”, Research Reports on Information Sciences, Series C, No. 92, Apr. 1989, pp. 1-18. |
| Ohtomo et al., “Two-Stage Recognition Method of Hand-Written Chinese Characters Using an Integrated Neural Network Model”, Denshi Joohoo Tsuushin Gakkai Ronbunshi, D-II, vol. J74, Feb. 1991, pp. 158-165. |
| Okazaki et al., “Multi-Fisheye Transformation Method for Large-Scale Network Maps”, IEEE Japan, vol. 44, No. 6, 1995, pp. 495-500. |
| Rose et al., “Inside Macintosh”, vols. I, II, and III, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., Jul. 1988, 1284 pages. |
| Sankar, Ananth, “Bayesian Model Combination (BAYCOM) for Improved Recognition”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Mar. 18-23, 2005, pp. 845-848. |
| Stifleman, L, “Not Just Another Voice Mail System”, Proceedings of 1991 Conference, American Voice, Sep. 24-26, 1991, Atlanta GA,, Sep. 1991, pp. 21-26. |
| Stuker et al., “Cross-System Adaptation and Combination for Continuous Speech Recognition: The Influence of Phoneme Set and Acoustic Front-End”, Influence of Phoneme Set and Acoustic Front-End, Interspeech, Sep. 17-21, 2006, pp. 521-524. |
| Sundaram et al., “Latent Perceptual Mapping with Data-Driven Variable-Length Acoustic Units for Template-Based Speech Recognition”, ICASSP 2012, Mar. 2012, pp. 4125-4128. |
| Waibel, Alex, “Interactive Translation of Conversational Speech”, Computer, vol. 29, No. 7, Jul. 1996, pp. 41-48. |
| Wang et al., “An Industrial-Strength Audio Search Algorithm”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2003, 7 pages. |
| Young, S. J., “The HTK Book”, Available on “http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk”, 4 pages. |
| “Interactive Voice”, available at <http://www.helloivee.com/company/>, retrieved on Feb. 10, 2014, 2 pages. |
| “Meet Ivee, Your Wi-Fi Voice Activated Assistant”, available at <http://www.helloivee.com/>, retrieved on Feb. 10, 2014, 8 pages. |
| “Speaker Recognition”, Wikipedia, The Free Enclyclopedia, Nov. 2, 2010, 4 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/029810, dated Oct. 3, 2013, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/029810, dated Aug. 17, 2012, 11 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report and Search Opinion received for European Patent Application No. 12185276.8, dated Dec. 18, 2012, 4 pages. |
| Werner et al., “Prosodic Aspects of Speech, Universite de Lausanne”, Fundamentals of Speech Synthesis and Speech Recognition: Basic Concepts, State of the Art and Future Challenges, 1994, 18 pages. |
| Viegas et al., “Chat Circles”, SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 15-20, 1999, pp. 9-16. |
| Applebaum et al., “Enhancing the Discrimination of Speaker Independent Hidden Markov Models with Corrective Training”, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 23, 1989, pp. 302-305. |
| Bellegarda, Jerome R. “Latent Semantic Mapping”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 22, No. 5, Sep. 2005, pp. 70-80. |
| Bellegarda et al., “Tied Mixture Continuous Parameter Modeling for Speech Recognition”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 38, No. 12, Dec. 1990, pp. 2033-2045. |
| Chang et al., “Discriminative Training of Dynamic Programming based Speech Recognizers”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 1, No. 2, Apr. 1993, pp. 135-143. |
| Cheyer et al., “Demonstration Video of Multimodal Maps Using an Agent Architecture”, published by SRI International no later than 1996, as depicted in Exemplary Screenshots from video entitled Demonstration Video of Multimodal Maps Using an Agent Architecture, 1996, 6 pages. |
| Cheyer et al., “Demonstration Video of Multimodal Maps Using an Open-Agent Architecture”, published by SRI International no later than 1996, as depicted in Exemplary Screenshots from video entitled Demonstration Video of Multimodal Maps Using an Open-Agent Architecture, 6 pages. |
| Cheyer, A., “Demonstration Video of Vanguard Mobile Portal”, published by SRI International no later than 2004, as depicted in ‘Exemplary Screenshots from video entitled Demonstration Video of Vanguard Mobile Portal’, 2004, 10 pages. |
| Choi et al., “Acoustic and Visual Signal based Context Awareness System for Mobile Application”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 57, No. 2, May 2011, pp. 738-746. |
| Kickstarter, “Ivee Sleek: Wi-Fi Voice-Activated Assistant”, available at <https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ivee/ivee-sleek-wi-fi-voice-activated-assistant>, retrieved on Feb. 10, 2014, 13 pages. |
| Navigli, Roberto, “Word Sense Disambiguation: A Survey”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 41, No. 2, Feb. 2009, 70 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/015418, dated Aug. 26, 2014, 17 pages. |
| Guim, Mark, “How to Set a Person-Based Reminder with Cortana”, available at <http://www.wpcentral.com/how-to-person-based-reminder-cortana>, Apr. 26, 2014, 15 pages. |
| Miller, Chance, “Google Keyboard Updated with New Personalized Suggestions Feature”, available at <http://9to5google.com/2014/03/19/google-keyboard-updated-with-new-personalized-suggestions-feature/>, Mar. 19, 2014, 4 pages. |
| Roddy et al., “Interface Issues in Text Based Chat Rooms”, SIGCHI Bulletin, vol. 30, No. 2, Apr. 1998, pp. 119-123. |
| Bocchieri et al., “Use of Geographical Meta-Data in ASR Language and Acoustic Models”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 2010, pp. 5118-5121. |
| Davis et al., “A Personal Handheld Multi-Modal Shopping Assistant”, IEEE, 2006, 9 pages. |
| Schnelle, Dirk, “Context Aware Voice User Interfaces for Workflow Support”, Dissertation paper, Aug. 27, 2007, 254 pages. |
| SRI2009, “SRI Speech: Products: Software Development Kits: EduSpeak”, available a <http://web.archive.org/web/20090828084033/http://www.speechatsri.com/products/eduspeak> shtml., 2009, 2 pages. |
| Stent et al., “Geo-Centric Language Models for Local Business Voice Search”, AT&T Labs—Research, 2009, pp. 389-396. |
| Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201810162529.1, dated Feb. 3, 2020, 19 pages (8 pages of English Translation and 11 pages of Official Copy). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130275138 A1 | Oct 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61657744 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61493201 | Jun 2011 | US | |
| 61295774 | Jan 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13250947 | Sep 2011 | US |
| Child | 13913423 | US | |
| Parent | 12987982 | Jan 2011 | US |
| Child | 13250947 | US |
