Patent Application
20080219917
1. Technical Field
The present invention provides harmonized water and aqueous solutions containing harmonized water, harmonized hydroxyl fullerenes, fullerenes thin films, and other beneficial additives. What is meant by the term “harmonized” is that ratio of two quantities obeys the golden mean ratio.
2. Background Art
Schrödinger's book What is Life? has had an enormous influence on the development of molecular biology, stimulating scientists such as Crick and Watson to explore the double helix structure of DNA as the basis of life (Schrödinger 1943, Watson and Crick, 1953). One of the central points in the book is statement “that the most essential part of a living cell—the chromosome fiber—may suitably be called an aperiodic crystal” as opposed to a periodic crystal in classical physics. It has been found that DNA works as a classical information system based on a double helix structure and a ternary coding system with 43=64 coding words [Crick, 1963]. Many years later it was recognized that that the genetic ternary code, which codes for amino and imino acids in proteins, also, may be represented as a classical binary code 26=64 [Swanson, 1984, Doolittle, 1981, Rakocević, 1998].
Based on information coding theory, a binary system is useful for energy-information coding system (e.g., on-off energy switch system of neurons, computers, etc.), while a ternary system is useful for structure-information code (DNA, RNAs: three nucleate acids code coding one amino acid, etc.). However, for integral structure-energy-information (SEI) systems, like biological systems, the optimal coding system is neither binary nor ternary but one based on base e=2.71828. To support mapping binary DNA energy-information code (physical signalling system) to a ternary DNA structure-information system (chemical signalling system via iRNA, tRNA and rRNA to protein chain) a bridging coding system has to exist with base e. Bearing in mind that there are 20 amino acids we believe the SEI coding system should be In(20)=In(e3). The present inventor submits that clusters of water molecules fill this SEI roll as water molecules through a hydrogen bonding network can code with a base of 2.71441 which closely approximates the ideal base value e=2.7182. The importance of hydrogen bonding in the structure and function of biological macromolecules was predicted by the earliest investigators (Pauling, Corey, and Branson, 1951). According to Linus Pauling, the first prediction of the existence of a hydrogen bond should be attributed to M. L. Huggins in 1919 and independently to W. M. Latimir and W. H. Rodebush in 1920. Bearing in mind that most biological systems contain water from 60% to 80%, the importance of hydrogen bonds has become most relevant for understanding how biomolecular machinery, as a complex system, works. Within a collection of water molecules, the hydrogen atom is covalently bound to an oxygen atom in the water molecule and hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms on separate water molecules. It is well known that covalent bond may only be described by quantum mechanics, because each electron does not really belong to a single atom—it belongs to both simultaneously. For a long period of time, scientists believed that the hydrogen bond could be perfectly understood by the principles of electrostatic interactions using Coulomb's law (pre-20th century classical physics), based on the attraction and repulsion between charged particles separated from each other by a distance. However, recent experimental data indicate that a hydrogen bond has double identity: classical and quantum (Isaacs, 1999, Barbiellini, and Shukla, 2003). This is the key point for understanding a new approach to explaining how DNA and proteins function in water. It has been shown that water itself may be a coding structure, via its hydrogen bonds, if some water molecules are organized in clusters and some of them are ordered in interconnected chains between water clusters by Fibonacci law. Some local domains of water, under the influence of DNA and microtubules, may be responsible for organizing water molecules into clusters as complementary coding forms. In a human, 40% of it is water is free water, while 60% is captured by biomolecules. Estimates predict that only 5% of free water is in clusters organized by a sphere packing law of coding number 12. The remaining 95% of free water is in the form of “chaos” with local polymerized islands.
According to a coding approach based on sphere packing analysis, the optimal molecular organization of water molecule as clusters should be as a hydrogen-bonded (H2O)n polyhedra 5126n (n=0, 2, 4 . . . ), where 512 represents 12 pentagons and n different number of hexagons (Jeffrey, 1997). Through hydrogen bonding dynamics, this polyhedra-shaped structure of a cluster of water molecules is capable of a spherical coding system 25=32. The arrangement of water molecules, based on the number 12, may represent a coding system which is part of an optimal information peak of sphere packing (Sloane 1984, Koruga, 1986). Accordingly, water hydrogen-bonded polyhedra (25) and hydrogen bonding chains network (e3=20) is both compatible and complementary with the coding system of the genetic code (DNA and proteins).
An understanding of the hydrogen bonding dynamic on quantum chemical scales is useful in the study of biological systems, including the study of diseases such as cancer and medical and cosmetic conditions related to the human skin. By way of background with regard to the human skin, the epidermis is a dynamic renewing structure that provides life-sustaining protection from the environment. Keratinocytes and melanocytes are the major cells types responsible for the structure of the epidermis. They begin as stem cells in the basal epidermal layer. As keratinocytes move to the epidermal surface, the cells cease cell division and undergo morphological changes to form the prickle or spinous cells, granular cells, transition cells, keratinized squames and surface squames. One melanocyte cell may overlap a few keratinocytes giving them melanin (mechanism is yet unknown), which is responsible for protection of the environmental electromagnetic radiation (UV radiation) and neutralization of free radicals (Vami et al, 2004 van den Bossche, at al. 2006).
It is also well known that vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) can be used in the treatment of conditions related to the skin. One of the major roles of vitamin C is its stimulation effects on collagen synthesis without affecting other protein synthesis. Vitamin C is a desired component of cosmetic products for both praline and lysine hydroxylase which stabilize the collagen molecule. This reaction is necessary for skin to maintain its strength.
Also, collagen distortion below the base level membrane (lamina fibroreticularis) occurs when cancer penetrates through the epidermis into the dermis, and “opens the door” for metastases. From a classical communication channels point of view, gene expression is responsible for it: normal collagen, type I [α1(I)2α2(I)], comprises two procollagen chains, the first α1(I) (gene located on chromosome 17 (q21-q22)), and the second procollagen chain α2(I) (gene located on chromosome 7(q21-q22)). According to quantum theory, quantum communication channels exists among keratinocyte or melanocyte and fibroblast cells (entanglement) based on hydrogen bonding in the DNA. When symmetry-breaking of hydrogen bonds happens in DNA, then automatically, through DNA-microtubule-water coding entanglement, synergy of classical and quantum communication is broken. There is experimental evidence that fibroblast cells and human melanoma cells interact with tumour cell growth as a function of tumour progression (Coinil, at. al. 1991). If UV radiation damages DNA on chromosome 7, in keratinocyte or melanocyte cells, then through non-classical quantum channels this information will transfer to both centriole (damaged cell) and fibroblast cells in the region. The centriole will become “wild” (from bipolar mitosis change to three polar or multipolar mitosis) and will start to divide chromosomes irregularly. The nucleus of an initial cancer cell will grow faster than normal cells. The “wild” cell will be duplicated and rapidly increase in number because positive feedback control mechanism water-centriole will change perpendicularly to centriole pairs (Koruga, et. al. 1992). From another side, fibroblast cells will cease synthesizing collagen α2(I). In the absence of α2(I), procollagen chains during assembly into procollagen molecules, will incorporate an additional α1(I) procollagen chain. This will give collagen type I-trimer with a structure [α1(I)3]. The I-trimer links between procollagen chains do not fit well, and OH groups will be removed from collagen to make free water molecules. The volume of free water will increase from 20% in tissue (Foster and Schwan, 1986). A similar occurrence is observed in skin aging an accounts for the reason for people of advancing age frequently having cancer (Richard, et. al., 2004).
When this type of collagen becomes dominant in a given tissue, the lamina fibroreticularis (as “a woof” of basal lamina) becomes weak, because the interconnection between procollagen chains in procollagen molecules, based on hydrogen bonds, is not adequate (the electromagnetic shield of a basal membrane has holes). Then, a mass of skin cancer or melanoma, can penetrate the basal lamina and reach the superficial arteriovenous plexus (Brinkley, 2001).
Hydrogen bonding in biomolecule networks in cell and tissue, as well as their complex intermolecular connections, resemble spider webs. It is a link between classical and quantum behaviour of matter on molecular level, and it is a basic element of synergy between mass-energy and information in living matter.
DNA is coded by 4th perfect number code 2n(2n+1−1) with 8128 code words (n=6), which is responsible for protein coding (classical) and system complexity coding (quantum) by entanglement (Koruga, 2005, Koruga, et al. 2006). There is mapping one-to-one from genetic code to proteins by synergetic code. There is synergetic code (classical/quantum) in protein chain based on amino acids and peptide plains. Hydrogen bonds are links between classical and quantum behaviours of matter on a molecular level, and it is a basic element for synergy of mass-energy-information in living matter.
Understanding DNA as synergetic classical/quantum device, based on golden mean and the forth prefect number, may help us not only for better understanding of the origin of life, but also for finding methods for prevention and healing the most illnesses. Bearing in mind that proteins are the second side of DNA code, interaction and communication DNA-protein may be both through separate classical and quantum communications channels, and through synergetic one. However, synergetic approach, which we proposed open a new possibilities for therapy of many skin illnesses including cancer.
DNA and water exist in a very delicate relationship. In normal situations, DNA operates in accordance with the fourth perfect number law [2n(2n(2n+1−1)=8128, where n=6], while ordinary water (drinking water) operates in accordance with the third perfect number law 2n(2n+1−1)=496, where n=4. In normal situations, the DNA-water system works harmonically. However, when, for some reason, DNA collapses from operating in accordance with the fourth perfect number law to the third perfect number law [2n(2n+1−1)22−2(2n−1−1), for n=6], then information about the disharmonic state of DNA travels more smoothly through water than its harmonic one. It happens because both structures, DNA and water, as information entities, operate by same perfect number. To address this negative event water has to change its structure to be harmonized. That means water has to change form of the third perfect number form [2n(2n+1−1)=496, where n=4] to [2n−1(2n−1)=496, where n=5]. Since 2n or 2n−1 represents classical coding law of water by hydrogen bonds, while 2n+1−1 or 2n−1 represents quantum coding law of water by hydrogen bonds, that means that to protect from such negative events of DNA disorder (and repairing it) water has to be clustered in dodecahedral and icosahedral polyhedra and connected by Fibonacci water chains.
These and other aspects and attributes of the present invention will be discussed with reference to the following drawings and accompanying specification
a is a diagrammatic view of a C60 fullerene molecule;
b is a diagrammatic view of a C60(OH)24 molecule;
a is a diagrammatic view of general internal hydrogen bonding in a protein (healthy bonding);
b is a diagrammatic view of external hydrogen bonding in a protein (unhealthy bonding);
a is a diagrammatic representation of a cluster of electrons in the ground state;
b is a diagrammatic representation of the cluster of electrons in an excited state resulting from applying energy to the electron cluster shown in
c is a diagrammatic representation of an electron cloud in an excited state forming a sunflower pattern as a result of subjecting the electron cluster of
a,b,c are diagrammatic representations of three-water-molecule clusters in three different hydrogen bonding conformations;
a,b,c are diagrammatic representations of four-water-molecule clusters in three different hydrogen bonding conformations;
a,b,c are diagrammatic representations of five-water-molecule clusters in three different hydrogen bonding conformations;
a-f shows a diagrammatic view of a progression of from one water molecule to a six-water-molecule chain with a continued fraction representation of the golden ratio for the individual molecule (
a,b respectively are a diagrammatic view of a water cluster having icosahedral symmetry interacting with a protein in an unhealthy bonding (
a is a diagrammatic representation of a cluster of π-electrons (electron cloud) of a C60 in the ground state;
b is a diagrammatic view of a C60 thin film showing a π-electron cloud;
c is a diagrammatic representation of a C60 thin film showing a π-electron cloud in an excited state resulting from the input of diffused light energy on one surface of the thin film structure and an output of harmonized light from an opposite surface of the film structure;
d is a diagrammatic representation of a harmonized light pathway passing through the eyes of a human subject, then through the optical nerve to the hypothalamus and finally the visual cortex;
a-c are diagrammatic representations of diffusion light, polarizing light and harmonizing light, respectively;
a,b are photographs taken by a digital camera without a filter and with a harmonized glass filter respectively;
a,b are EEG plots before and after exposure of a subject to harmonized light;
a,b are photographs of an epidermis of a human subject before and after exposure to harmonized light;
c,d are photomicrographs (1 cm=50 μm) of collagen before and after exposure of a human subject to harmonized light, respectively; and
e,f are photomicrographs 1 cm=50 μm of elastin before and after exposure of a human subject to harmonized light, respectively.
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will be described herein in detail, specific embodiments thereof with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated.
a and
The C60 has two bond lengths. A first bond length is along the edges of two hexagons and the second bond length is between the edge of a hexagon and a pentagon, the first bond length being greater than the second bond length. One of the crucial properties of the fullerene C60 is the energy states of T1g, T2g, T1u, and T2u for symmetry elements C5, C52, S10 and S103 are consistent with the golden mean (
Φ=±(1+√5)/2≈±1.618033
The conjugate golden ratio φ=±1/Φ≅±0.618 corresponds to the length ratio taken in reverse order b/a.
In a preferred form of the invention,
Experiments with C60(OH)24 20 (
Toxicity test for harmonized, Modified Fullerenes has shown this substance is not cytotoxic when the material is subjected to a Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (AMES test). The Ames test is used to determine any potential mutagenic activity of the test HMF material. The HMF material was exposed to a large number of test organism in an agar plate. The agar plates were monitored for growth of revertants (organisms mutating to the wild type). The number of wild type organisms are counted to estimate the mutagenic potential of the HMF material. The tests results showed the HMF material was not mutagenic.
It has been found by the present inventor, the Modified Fullerenes can be stabilized in a harmonization process. Modified Fullerenes, are made by a procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,523 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety by reference and made a part hereof. More particularly, Modified Fullerenes can be prepared by one of the following six methods. First, Modified Fullerenes can be prepared from hydrolysis of the reaction products of fullerenes, either pure C60 or a mixture of C60 (84%) and C70 (16%), with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of organocarboxylic acid (RCO2 H) at ambient temperature. Chiang, et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,177,248; et al. 5,294,732; and et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10154; Chiang, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5453. The structure of the resultant Modified Fullerene has been characterized to consist of C60 Ox (OH)y with x<5 and y=18 on average.
Second, a Modified Fullerene can be synthesized via hydrolysis of the reaction products of fullerenes, either pure C60 or a mixture of C60 (85%) and C70 (16%), with a solution of sulfur trioxide (30%) in sulfuric acid. See Chiang, et al., J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3960. The structure of the resultant Modified Fullerene has been characterized to consist of C60 (OH)y with y=12 on average.
Third, a Modified Fullerene can be prepared by the reaction of fullerenes with either a mixture of conc. H2 SO4, conc. HNO3 and water at 90° C. or a mixture of oleum (H2 SO4—SO3), KNO2 and water. See Chiang, et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,177,248; 5,294,732; J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1791; Chiang, et al., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1992, 247. The structure of the resultant Modified Fullerene has been characterized to consist of C60 Ox (OH)y with x<5 and y=15 on average.
Fourth, a Modified Fullerene can be synthesized by the reaction of fullerenes, dissolved in either benzene or toluene, with aqueous sodium hydroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and oxygen (in air). See Li, et al., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 1784. The structure of the resultant Modified Fullerene has been characterized to consist of polyhydroxylated C60 fullerene derivatives with 26 hydroxy groups per C60 cage on average.
Fifth, a Modified Fullerene can be prepared by the reaction of fullerenes, dissolved in either benzene or toluene, and gaseous nitrogen dioxide, followed by hydrolysis of resulting products with aqueous NaOH. See Chiang, et al., Tetrahedron, “Efficient Own-Flask Synthesis of Water-soluble Fullerenols.” Gaseous nitrogen dioxide can be generated by either reacting NaNO2 with FeSO4 in aqueous H2 SO4 in the presence of air (Roy, et al., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 275) or reacting NaNO2 with conc. HNO3. The former method yields nitrofullerenols consisting of 6-8 nitro and 7-12 hydroxyl groups per C60. Hydrolysis of these products results in Modified Fullerenes with 13-20 hydroxy groups per C60. The later method gives water-soluble Modified Fullerenes with a maximum number of hydroxyl groups per C60 as 20 as identified by the FAB mass spectroscopy.
Sixth, a Modified Fullerene can be synthesized by the reaction of fullerenes with an excess of BH3-tetrahydrofuran (THF) complex followed by hydrolysis with either sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide or sodium hydroxide. See Schneider, et al., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 463.
Harmonizing the Modified Fullerene
To stabilize the Modified Fullerenes to withstand chemical and environmental attacks to avoid stripping of their functional groups, the Modified Fullerenes are subjected to a harmonization procedure. The harmonization procedure promotes the electron energy levels of the molecular orbitals of the O—H covalent bonds from a ground state (
a-c shows the electron cloud of a hydrogen atom in three different states.
Prior to 1999, the standard teaching stated that hydrogen bonds existed between water molecules because of the electrical attractions between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen atom in a neighboring molecule. These electrostatic interactions can be explained perfectly by classical physics—Coulomb's law, by which it is possible to describe the attraction and repulsion between charged particles separated from each other by a distance. Experiments carried out 1999 clearly showed that electrons, like all other objects in nature, naturally seek their lowest energy state, through minimization of their total energy (including their energy of motion). Lowering an electron's kinetic energy means reducing its velocity and momentum. According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, by reducing the momentum of electrons the electrons must spread out in space thereby delocalizing the electrons into a semi-π electron cloud 84 (Θ cloud). In other words, the electrons in the hydrogen bond are quantum mechanically shared with more than one bonding site. Isaacs' experiment provides unambiguous evidence of the possible existence of multi-bonding hydrogen electrons in hydrogen bonds. Recent studies of hydrogen bonding in water, using very fast multi-dimensional nonlinear infrared spectroscopy, shows that hydrogen-bonded network of liquid water has an energy redistribution on a femtosecond timescale (Cowan, 2005). Those experiments prove that multi-bonding hydrogen electrons exist and play an important role in hydrogen bond network of matter.
The hydrogen atom is the simplest case of positive/negative charge organization in a spherical shape because it has a nucleus of one proton and one electron orbiting the nucleus. The electron has a certain total energy; the essence of quantum theory is that electrons remain in stable states of specific energies, and for each state there is a particular orbit. When an electron is in the lowest energy level, called the ground state, its radius is 52.9 pm. The electron must gain energy to move out to larger orbits. The orbits, and so the energy levels, follow strict spacing rules determined by quantum physics. Energy can be added to the atom either by collision with another particle or by absorption of a photon with sufficient energy. When the electron jumps up one or more energy levels the hydrogen is said to be in an excited state with an orbital radius of 236.8 pm for level two and 473.0 pm for level three (Lyman series). In normal conditions, electrons remain in an excited state for a very short period of time and drop to a lower level in about 10−8 seconds (Balmar series), emitting a photon with energy equal to the difference in the energy of the excited level to the level to which it drops. A hydrogen atom is in state one (ground state) as a gas H2 or in an inorganic compound. However, hydrogen atoms in biomolecules and biological water are mostly in state two. Hydrogen ions in water have a quasi-proton existence because the proton never exists in aqueous solution as a free ion; it is always hydrated by being associated with neighboring water molecules. A proton in aqueous solution is very mobile, hopping from one water molecule to another with a period of about 10-15 second.
The potential importance of hydrogen bonding in the structure and function of biomolecules was predicted by Pauling and Corey (1951), Watson and Crick (1953) and numerous other scientists. Hydrogen bond energies can vary in strength depending on numerous factors and can have values of 15-40 kcal/mol, 4-15 kcal/mol and 1-4 kcal/mol for strong bonds, moderate bonds and weak bonds, respectively. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds have force constant from 60 N/m to 120·N/m. In a preferred form of the present invention, hydrogen bonds will be of moderate strength with a force constant of about 80 N/m and energies 4-15 kcal/mol. Such moderate hydrogen bond strengths correspond to a hydrogen bonding structure having a distance from a center of a donor atom to a center of an acceptor atom of about 280±10 pm.
It is well known that hydrogen-bonding 32 exists in functional groups 33 in protein side chains 34 (See
We have identified a direct correlation between the energy levels of the unhealthy hydrogen bonding to the structural intramolecular integrity of biomolecules (e.g., protein, DNA, among others). We further identified that a bio-molecule (e.g., protein, DNA, among others) is “healthy” (
One suitable source of the externally induced excitation energy having a wave number between 500 to 3800 cm−1 can be provided by exposure of the unhealthy biomolecule to a harmonized Modified Fullerene 20 as shown in
The harmonization procedure requires forming a solution of the Modified Fullerenes and exposing the solution to polarized light, heating and a pulsing magnetic field. More particularly, solutions of Modified Fullerene are formed by dissolving the Modified Fullerene into an aqueous solution or other solubilizing agent. These solutions are optionally subjected to ultrasonication for 10 to 30 minutes. The Modified Fullerene-containing solution is then treated by exposure for a period of 0.5 hours to 2 hours simultaneously to: (1) a pulsing polarized light where the power source pulses from 20 W to 500 W in accordance with the (Fibonacci series “φ”), from a distance of 10 cm to 60 cm, and with a wave length of 320 nm to 4200 nm; (2) heating the solution while continuously stirring from 20° C. to 80° C. for ⅓ of the treatment time period followed by cooling the solution from 80° C. to 15° C. for ⅔ of the treatment time period; and (3) subjecting the solution to an oscillatory (Fibonacci series “Φ”) magnetic field intensity from 0.4 T to 1.2 T. This procedure can be conducted in a “PHM system” (Photo-Heath-Magnet Devices) where solutions of volumes from 0.2-3 liters can be treated.
According to this procedure, the Θ cloud 84 of temporally delocalized electrons of the hydrogen bonds of the now harmonized Modified Fullerene move around the surface of the harmonized Modified Fullerene forming a magnetic shield 84 (
We characterized the starting Modified Fullerene and the harmonized Modified Fullerene ([C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ) as follows: (1) starting substance C60(OH)10-36 with NMR (1H NMR Bruker AC 250 E, 250 MHz and 13C NMR 62.9 MHz), IR (Perkin Elmer 457, FTIR Bomem MB100 FT), UV/Vis Perkin-Elmer series λ, ESR (Bruker ESR-300), TG (DuPont 1090 TA, TGA 951) and remnant magnetism (JR-5, with accuracy±3pT), (2) after harmonization [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ with 13C NMR and JR-5, (3) collagen in vitro with IR and FTIR before and after the harmonization procedure, (4) group of 50 mice which were induced by carcinoma before and after influence [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ, (5) group of 60 people with different skin problems including wrinkle, rashes, pigmentation, BCC, and skin cancer with documentation which include clinical pictures before and after treatment by [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ, and (6) six human skin biopsies with characterization state of epiderm, basal membrane, collagen and elastin before and after treatment by [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ.
NMR is an effective characterization technique to distinguish a harmonized form of [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ from a non-harmonized form C60(OH)10-36. A non-harmonized form of C60(OH)10-36 will have a dominant peak from 72 ppm to 78 ppm representing the C60(OH)10-36 functional body (
The remanent magnetism of C60(OH)24 was measured before and after subjecting the C60(OH)24 to a harmonization procedure described above. The harmonized, hydroxyl modified fullerene [C60(OH)24]Φ/φ showed an increased magnetic field strength of about 4 nT.
Hydrated Harmonized Modified Fullerenes
A second level of hydrogen bonding 70 occurs between an oxygen atom 64 of an OH group 26 of the harmonized Modified Fullerene 20 and a hydrogen atom 72 of a water molecule 37. The effects of the Θ cloud 84 of temporally delocalized electrons of the harmonized Modified Fullerene acts as a template to cause the hydrogen bond lengths 70 between the harmonized Modified Fullerene 20 and the water molecules directly hydrogen bonding thereto, to obey the Fibonacci law. What is meant by this is that the ratio of the length of the covalent bond of the O—H bond (strong interaction) and the hydrogen bond length between an oxygen and hydrogen atoms is about 1.61803. The intermolecular formula for this hydrated form of the harmonized Modified Fullerene will be designated as [C60(OH)24]Φ/φ)·n(H2O).
A third level of hydrogen bonding 80 occurs between hydrogen atoms 72 of water molecules 37 and oxygen atoms 82 of adjacent water molecules 72. The intermolecular formula for this two-layered hydrated structure will be designated as {[C60(OH)24]Φ/φ)·n(H2O)} m (H2O).
The first level of hydrogen bonds is the strongest of the three and is 1.8 times stronger than the level three hydrogen bonds 80. The second level of hydrogen bonds 70 is the second strongest of the three levels and has a strength of 1.5 times that of level three hydrogen bonds 80. The hydrogen bonds of levels one and two provide the electron cloud 84 and produce an oscillatory magnetic field of 0.5 nT and causes water molecule surrounding the harmonized Modified Fullerene 20 to generate a magnetic field up to 4 nT.
A third hydrated form of the harmonized Modified Fullerene will include ions and will have the intermolecular formula of {[C60(OH)24](Φ/φ)n(H2O)·p(Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and other ions) ·m (H2O). The ions can be present in an amount by weight of from about 0.01% to about 15%.
Cosmetic Products Based on [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ
Cosmetic products containing the harmonized Modified Fullerene (HMF) can include from 0.1-25% by weight, more preferably from 0.2-15% and most preferably from 0.5-8% of the HMF with other substances commonly used in cosmetics to produce cosmetic compounds; moisturizing lotions, gels and oils; sun protection lotion, gels and oils; and other cosmetic products. Suitable delivery vehicles or components of such cosmetics can include, but are not limited to aqua purificate, propylene glycol, isopropyl isostearate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, butyrospermum parkii (Shea Butter), C12-20 acid PEG-8 ester, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, squalane, DEA-cetil phosphate, carbomer, simmondisia chinensis (Jojoba) seed oil, echinacea angustifolia extract, parfum, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, PEG-8, tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed serum protein, hydrolized yeast protein, pyridoxine, niacinamide, panthenol, allantoin, biotin, Vitamin C, sodium sydrocside, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, iron, chloride/sulfate, pentylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, carbomer, sodium hydroxide, coenzyme Q10, vitamin A, vitamin E, proline, silver nanoparticulate, gold nanoparticulate, zinc oxide nanoparticulate, titanium dioxide nanoparticulate, active carbon micro- and nanoparticulate, and any type of icosohedral fullerenes.
The HMF cosmetic products are useful for numerous skin treatments including but not limited to, skin cancer, melanoma, non-melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, merkle cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, eccrine porocarcinoma, actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, actinic porokeratosis, wounds, scars, inflammations, acne, rosacea, eczema, hyper-pigmentation, anti-aging prevention, wrinkle reduction, herpes, rashes, pimples, boils, sun-damage, solar lentigo, skin conditioning, skin rejuvenation, oily skin, stretch marks, cold sores, vein ulcers, incision scar healing, and other skin damage repairs, or conditions.
Example 1 of a Topical Cream
The Phase A ingredients set forth in the table below were added to a tank in the order set forth in the table with mixing until the batch was uniform and smooth. The Phase B ingredient of a harmonized Modified Fullerene [C60(OH)24]Φ/φ (NHS-Best) was added to Phase A at 300 rpm until the mixture was uniform and smooth.
Example 2 Topical Cream
The ingredients set forth in the Table below were added together in the following order. Phase A ingredients were added to a first vessel and blended until uniform and lump free. Phase B ingredients were added to a second vessel and pasted. Add Phase C ingredients to a third vessel and add Phase B ingredients with high shear mixing. Add Phase D ingredients to Phases B/C and mix until all ingredients are dissolved. Slowly add Phase E ingredient [C60(OH)24]Φ/φ (NHS-Best) to Phase B/C/D and mix at or below 300 rpm until uniform. Slowly add and blend Phases B/C/D/E ingredients to Phase A in small increments and mix at or below 300 rpm. Continue mixing until the batch is uniform and smooth.
Example 3 Topical Cream
The ingredients set forth in the Table below were added together in the following order. Phase A ingredients were added to a first vessel and blended until uniform and lump free. Phase B ingredients were added to a second vessel and mixed at 300 rpm or less until all solids dissolve. Add Phase B ingredients to Phase A while mixing at 300 rpm or slower until uniform.
A Mother Tincture for Homeopathy Pharmaceuticals
Five published clinical outcome studies in homeopathy focus on diverse medical conditions: headache, acute otitis media, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, respiratory tract and ear complaints, including allergies, and male infertility (Muccari-Tomaioli, 2001, Frei, 2001a, Frei, 2001b, Riley, 2001, Gerhard, 2002) conclude in favor of the clinical effectiveness of homeopathy. The World Health Organization (WHO) is favorably disposed to homeopathy in spite of the resistance of medical doctors. However, in basic research, there are some contradictory results, but a recent experimental results about quantum property of hydrogen bonding indicates that the right homeopathy pharmaceuticals may have beneficial effects. Our invention is a mother of tincture product including HMF in a suitable carrier an in an amount by weight of from 0.6 mg/cm3 to 14 mg/cm3.
The present invention also provides a homeopathic composition having a harmonized form of a hydroxyl modified fullerene having a molecular formula of C60(OH)xHy∀, (where x is from 10 to 36, and y is from 0 to 24 and z is from 0 to 12) for homeopathic pharmacy in concentration from 10−4 to 10−20000, or according to centesimal potency from 2 cH to 10 M.
NHS Stabilized Vitamin C
The harmonized form of [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ has been shown to be an effective stabilizing agent or preservative for increasing the shelf life of Vitamin C in an aqueous solution. It is contemplated that the shelf life of other environmentally delicate compounds could be increased with the use of the harmonized form of [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ either as a component in a solution or as an additive to a dry or semi-liquid dosage form. Environmentally delicate compounds can include those compounds that have a therapeutic of cosmetic effect. The compounds are typically in a composition suitable for delivery in vivo by an administrative route such as parenteral, oral, ophthalmic, topical, buccal, transdermal or the like.
Shelf-life studies were conducted on six aqueous solutions containing Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid). The samples contain the contents as set forth in the Table below. Each of the samples were tested to determine the percentage of active Vitamin C remained in the sample after 28 days, 30 days and after being subjected to a heat treatment designed to simulate the sample had been stored for 120 days. Vitamin C activities were measured by: (1) HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) method using peak difference on 254 nm (retention time was 10.5 min, absorption maxima was on 244.5 nm based on Waters 996 photodiode array detector), and (2) time-dependent UV-vis absorbtion based on AA (L-ascorbic acid) —DHA (dehydroascorbic) acid. Initial AA peak (active vitC) was on 264 nm, while DHA peak (non-active vitC) was on 253 nm. Peak decreasing on 264 nm indicates the oxidation AA (when AA is oxidized to DHA the band shifted to lower wavelength at 253 nm).
Sample 1 results show that an 8.3% by weight solution of Vitamin C had only 0.12% active Vitamin C remaining after 28 days. Sample 2 results show that a 7.5% solution of Vitamin C had 18.2% of active Vitamin C remaining after 28 days. However, Sample 3 results show that when the harmonized form of [C60(OH)33]Φ/φ with 7.5% Vitamin C, 75.4% of the Vitamin C remained active after 28 days. Sample 4 results show that a 3.1% by weight solution of Vitamin C with the harmonized form of [C60(OH)33]Φ/φ 84.8% of the Vitamin C remained active after 28 days. When EDTA was added to a 3.1% by weight solution of Vitamin C along with the harmonized form of [C60(OH)33]Φ/φ, Sample 5 results shows that 95.4% of Vitamin C remained after 28 days. Finally, Sample 6 results showed that adding EDTA alone, without adding the harmonized form of [C60(OH)33]Φ/φ, to a 3.1% by weight Vitamin C solution had 2.3% active Vitamin C after 28 days. Accordingly, the harmonized form of [C60(OH)33]Φ/φ is an effective preservative for Vitamin C in an aqueous solution.
Each of the samples was also tested by UV-vis spectrophotometer at the beginning (blind probe) and after 30 days to determine the capacity for the sample to scavenge radicals (Radical Scavenger Capacity). This test was conducted using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Samples were made in 18 different concentrations (from 2.5 μL to 200 μL substance in 10 mL 95% ethanol). For each sample a blind probe was done. The activity of samples was identified by the absorbance change occurring at 517 nm. RSC (Radical Scavenger Capacity) is equal to IC50, which represent concentration of antioxidants when 50% of DPPH* radicals are scavenged (IC50=50% RSC).
Based on these results for Vitamin C it is contemplated that other environmentally delicate substances could be stabilized by adding an effective amount of a harmonized form of [C60(OH)10-36]Φ/φ. Other therapeutic substances include vitamins, hormones, peptides, polypeptides, pharmaceutically active compounds, proteins, minerals, electrolytes and others.
Example Anti-Inflammatory Topical Cream
The ingredients set forth in the Table below were added together in the following order. Phase A ingredient, water, was added to a first vessel. Phase B ingredients were added to a second vessel and pasted. Add Phase C ingredients to Phase B ingredients with mixing and heat to 70° to 75°. Add Phase D ingredients to Phases B/C, heat to 70° to 75°, and mix until all solids melt. Add Phase B/C/D ingredients to the water and mix until uniform and cool to 35°. Add Phase E ingredient [C60(OH)24]Φ/φ (NHS-Best) to Phase A/B/C/D and mix at or below 300 rpm until uniform.
Harmonized Water
Human physiology and functionality depends on the volume, quality and state of water. The volume of water in the human body is from 65% to 85% by weight of the human body. Of this percentage, 62% is bound water associated with biomolecules, while 38% is “free” water. We have found that water should fit biomolecules in terms of structural and energetic states. This means that the criteria for optimal water properties is dictated by the structure and functionality and needs of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, membrane and etc.), cell and tissue. Water interacts with biomolecules primarily through hydrogen bonding. As set forth above, biomolecules typically have numerous intramolecular hydrogen bonds. For example each nucleotide of DNA has two (A=T) or three (C≡G) hydrogen bonds. A hydrogen bond network of water in cells may be used to influence DNA hydrogen bonds though resonance. This means that the energy state of water may have a positive and/or a negative influence on biomolecules. From a structural point, one or more water molecules can be associated with a biomolecule depending on the size of the biomolecule. The organization of these associated water molecules into small or medium-sized clusters is preferred. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules has two principal components. The first component is electrostatic in nature and results from the electrical attractions between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen atom in a neighboring molecule. These electrostatic interactions can be quantified by classical physics—Coulomb's law, by which it is possible to describe the attraction and repulsion between charged particles separated from each other by a distance. The second component is quantum in nature and results from electron delocalization that allows for a sharing of electrons between the hydrogen bond and the stronger covalent bonds in the water molecule (Isaacs, 1999). This means that hydrogen bonds have their double identity: classical (Coulomb law—μ) and quantum (wave function—ψ).
Professor Isaacs' experiment clearly demonstrated that electrons naturally seek their lowest energy state, through minimization of their total energy, which includes their energy of motion—kinetic energy. Lowering an electron kinetic energy means reducing its velocity and its momentum, which leads, according to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, to electrons spreading out in space. This electron “delocalization” means the electron in the hydrogen bonds may be shared by more than one bonding site.
This means that a comparison of the electrical and magnetic interaction between two electron charges in neighboring atoms in relative motion in a water cluster may give an answer to the question: what intensity of the magnetic field we should expect? We know that it is not easy to calculate the magnetic interaction between two charged particles in motion relative to an observer Ob in a form similar to the electric interaction given by Coulomb's law. However, we may compare the order of magnitude of the magnetic interaction with the electrical interaction. Considering two charges q and q′ of neighboring atoms (O and H) moving with velocities v and v′ relative to observer we may simplify the formulas, because we want to determine by an order of magnitude of the magnetic interaction. Thus, we can say that the electrical force produced by q′ on q as measured by Ob is qE. The magnetic field produced by q′, if we use equation B=1/c2 (v×E), is of order of magnitude of v′E/c2 and the magnetic force on q is of the order of qvB=(vv′/c2)qE. Since, qE is the electrical force on q then the ratio of the magnetic force/electrical force (FM/FE)≅vv′/c2. If the velocities of the charges are small compared with the velocity of light c, the magnetic force is negligible compared to the electrical force and in many cases can be ignored. The orbital velocity of valence electrons in atoms is about 106 m/s, which gives FM/FE≅10−4. This means that existence of quantum action could be 6.626×10−34<h*<6.626×10−30 Js per each multi-hydrogen bonding electron. In this action area, from an energy point of view, there simultaneously exists both classical and quantum phenomena which may be detected by measuring the time period for existence of a hydrogen bonding network (as a quantum phenomena), induced magnetic field (as a coupling classical/quantum phenomenon) and velocity of multi-sites electrons (“Θ electron cloud”).
Recent experiments using very fast multi-dimensional nonlinear infrared spectroscopy provided data that indicated a hydrogen-bonded network of liquid water has memory (cluster state) of ˜50 femtosecond timescale (Cowan, 2005). If water losses memory for 50 fs it means that the quantum mechanical frequency of hydrogen network is v˜50×1015 s. This corresponds to an energy per hydrogen bond network in water of E(O . . . H)=h×v=6.26×10−34×50×10−153.13×1047 J. From another approach E(O . . . H) energy has to be equal to the kinetic energy of multi-site hydrogen electrons cloud (Θcloud) of hydrogen network, Ek=1/2 mevc
This gives that existence of pulsing hydrogen bond network of 50 fs, will generate magnetic field of “Θ cloud” from 3.5 s to 61.2 s lifetime (ω-oscillation).
The force of a magnetic field of delocalized electrons (Θ cloud) should be equal to the product of the mass of an electron and its radial acceleration (evcB=m vc2/R). For a water cluster R=0.5 nm (H3O+@(H2O)20— hydronium ion overlapping with 20 water molecules as a decahedron structure) and vc=1.29×10−9 m/s magnetic field will be B=0.587 nT. However, some of these clusters spontaneously will be organized in bigger cluster of 13 of them and we may expect a magnetic field from 0.587 nT to 7.63 nT. To compare with the Earth magnetic field of about 47,000 nT it is small, but if we compare with intensity of 0.003 nT of a human brain signals, it is large.
To test this approach we did experiments with tap water having high ion concentration (
The water was protected from exposure to air and all measurements were performed at room temperature. To measure changes in the magnetic field intensity of the Earth magnetic field on a 10 ml sample of tap water with a known chemical composition we employed the two Proton magnetometers (GSM-10, Canada) based on the Overhauser effect. (National Geomagnetic Institute, Serbia). The magnetometers had been synchronized giving the same value intensity of measuring the external magnetic field at a time. However, we could not control the ion concentration in air, the velocity and density of the outside air so from time to time we observed small differences in the readings of the two magnetometers, which were spaced 50 m from one another, in the range of 0 nT to 0.2 nT. The first magnetometer was used to measure the referent magnetic field while the second one measured the magnetic field of water and the referent magnetic field. The increase in magnetization of the sample is achieved by adding free electrons to liquid and utilizing the coupling of these electrons to protons. The generation of a proton signal is generated by a short pulse (35 μs) in a direction perpendicular to the measured field. The magnetometer resolution is 0.1 nT operating with a 100 mA working current. The maximum error of measurement under these conditions was about 0.4 nT (±0.30 nT from the measured value).
All measurements were done in the national laboratory (Geomagnetic Institute, Grocka, Serbia), under controlled conditions (light, temperature, and measurement of intensity and change of Earth magnetic field). Two hundred samples were measured for a period of 10 minutes each. The sensor position of GSM-10 and sample position were in accordance with a standard scheme of geomagnetic procedure measurement (Guide for Magnetic Measurements and Observatory Practice, NOAA Space Environment Center, Boulder, USA).
The experimental results show the existence of a magnetic field for a period of about 18 s with very dynamic changes in its intensity over the 18 s period of from 0 to 4 nT. Since water was under the influence of the external magnetic field (Earth magnetic field is about 47,000 nT) means that the intensity of the magnetic effect of water changes over time. According to statistics of clusters composition/decomposition, paramagnetic (increasing) and diamagnetic (decreasing) magnetic field in which a substance is present changes in the magnetic field can be detected as shown in
However, when the same water samples were subjected to a harmonization process described herein the harmonized water make water clusters having a radius of R=0.5 nm, (20 water molecules in a decahedron structure) and vc=1.29×10−9 m/s. The magnetic field of the harmonized water having a high ion concentration and a low ion concentration oscillate about a center line 0.28 nT and 0.587 nT, respectively (
These experimental results have led us to form harmonized water in a similar fashion that we prepared the harmonized Modified Fullerenes described above. The method of making harmonized water is based on the regulation of the ratio of hydrogen bonds of water molecule with intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a multiple water molecule cluster forming a Θ cloud such as the one shown in
a,b,c show three orientations of three-water-molecule-clusters with the central water molecule 200 positioned in a shaded box 202. The water molecules in these clusters are designated with a “D” for donor and an “A” for acceptor. The water molecule 200 is designated as a donor if one of its hydrogen atoms 204 is hydrogen bonding with an oxygen atom 206 in an adjacent water molecule 208. The water molecule 200 is designated as an acceptor if its oxygen atom 206 is part of a hydrogen bond with an adjacent water molecule. In
a,b,c show three orientations of four-water-molecule-clusters with the central water molecule 200 positioned in a shaded box 202.
a,b,c show three orientations of five-water-molecule-clusters with the central water molecule 200 positioned in a shaded box 202 and the fourth adjacent water molecule is designated as 218. Thus,
It has been determined by the present inventor that if water molecules around biomolecules are in chaotic state (individual, dimer or trimer randomly moving) than they may attack hydrogen bonds of biomolecules and change conformation state of biomolecules from a healthy conformation
The hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding of the central water molecule 200 in the four molecule water clusters (
a-f shows the assembly of a water molecule chain that obeys the Fibonacci law.
One example for the use of harmonized water is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease which destroys intracellular information hardware of the brain. Cytoskeleton is a “cell brain” structure which is composed of more than thirty different biomolecules. However, one of the major structures is a microtubule which obeys the golden mean ratio (Koruga, 1993). Healthy microtubules work well in interaction with water and other biomolecules including, tau proteins. It was experimentally observed that in Alzheimer disease microtubules are disrupted, and the golden mean of information processing in cell is violated (Wolfe, 2002). Water with golden mean property may help to reverse this process and return the nonharmonized microtubules to their healthy, harmonized state.
Another example is cell multipolar mitosis which is caused by malignant tumor development. In each cell cycle, the centrosome (microtubules are a major part of the centrosome structure) is duplicated to give rise to two centrosomes (i.e., the mitotic spindle poles) that organize the microtubule array of the mitotic spindle and thereby make possible equal segregation of sister chromatids into each of two daughter cells at the time of cell division. For reasons yet unknown, cell division switches in direction from a polar to three polar or multipolar direction. The cause for this switch may be due to a violation of a biophysical harmony (energy and information) of cell and tissue in general, and between microtubules and water particularly. We strongly believe that one of three key points for cancer generation results from an adverse change in the microtubule-water interaction. Also, we assume that treatment of subjects by exposure to harmonized water may help in both cancer
The system and devices for transforming water in its ordinary energy state to water in a harmonized state (where its hydrogen bonding interaction with other water molecules and biomolecules obey the golden ratio) includes the step of filtering tap water, agitating the filtered water, heating and cooling the agitated water and exposing the water under treatment to a polarized light source and an oscillating magnetic field. The step of filtering the tap water is by filtering the water through a filter media of activated carbon and HMF material in an amount by weight of from 60:40 to 97:3 respectively.
For water with high ion concentrations, the water can be treated by reverse osmoses. After reverse osmoses, it may be desirable to optionally add ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+/3+, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO4− with concentration 2-6%, 1.7-2.90%, 0.8-1.9%, 0.02-0.9%, 0.006-0.018%, 2.85-5.22%, 7.93-1525%, 0.46-10%, 2.00-3.84%, g/l, respectively.
For water with low concentration of ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+/3+, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO4−2 it may be also desirable to add these ions to bring the ions to a concentration of 2-6%, 1.7-2.90%, 0.8-1.9%, 0.02-0.9%, 0.006-0.018%, 2.85-5.22%, 7.93-1525%, 0.46-10%, 2.00-3.84%, g/l, respectively.
The step of agitating the solution can be carried out by stirring or ultrasonication using a standard sonication energy probe.
The step of heating and cooling of the filtered water includes heating the water from room temperature to 105° C. followed by cooling from 105° C. to 6° C.
The step of exposing the water to a polarized light source and an oscillating magnetic field can be carried out in a “PHM system” (Photo-Heath-Magnet Devices) discussed above. The step of exposing the water to polarized light is carried out in a continuous process or in a batch process. In the batch process the water is stored in a tank with transparent walls and at least one polarized light source is utilized or numerous light sources arranged about the tank and preferably positioned symmetrically about the tank. The light sources are directed through the tank of water and at a wave length from about λ=320 nm to about λ=1200 nm. The light sources are operated at 50 W to 150 W.
For continuous processing of water flowing through a transparent tube, the light sources are arranged about the transparent tube and the water is provided under pressure through the tube at a rate of from 0.5 m/s to 6 m/s. The light is at a wavelength from the range of λ=320 nm to about λ=1200 nm and are operated from 80 W to 500 W.
For exposing water to an oscillating magnetic field for batch processing of water in a tank, the water is exposed to a pulsing homogenic magnetic field, with intensity from B=0.4 T to B=1.2 T, with power intensity changing (oscillation) by the Fibonacci series (the Golden mean). For exposing water to an oscillating magnetic field in a continuous flow through transparent tubing a pulsing homogenic magnetic field is provided on length of tubing from l=0.2 m to l=2.0 m, with an intensity from B=0.8 T to B=3.0 T, with power intensity changing (oscillation) by the Fibonacci series (the Golden mean).
a,b,c show the electron cloud 30 of a π-electrons of carbon atoms of a fullerene 10 in different states.
What is meant by the term diffused light is light where the photons of varying wave lengths are randomly ordered (
b represents polarized light with photons of the same first frequency 70 frequency are aligned in a straight line across the lens 71 are in a single plane and a mirror image plane 70′. Light of different frequencies 72, 74, and 76 are of differing wavelengths each aligned along a single plane, and mirror image plane designated with a prime (′), with each plane parallel to one another.
c shows a representation of harmonized light. The term harmonized light is meant to refer to light where photons of different wave lengths (energy) are ordered by the golden mean law. Photons of numerous different wavelengths each emanate from a central point 80 and rotate clockwise in the form of a golden spiral (e.g., 82, 84, etc.) (with mirror image spirals designated with a prime (′)). Each wavelength will have three spirals circumferentially spaced by 120° because the golden ratio in two dimensions obeys the equation φ2+Φ2=3. A golden spiral is one that gets wider or further from the center point 80 by every quarter of a turn by a factor of Φ=2/1, 3/2, 5/3, 8/5, 13/8, etc. Harmonized light would also include golden spirals that rotate counterclockwise in accordance with φ but these spirals are not shown for the sake of clarity. Harmonized light can be said to be hypopolarized light as photons of equal wavelength are lineararly polarized light (in plane) and are circularlary polarized in circles in such a way that linear-circular ratio by wave lengths (energy) are both φ and Φ.
Since 1990, the optical properties of molecules C60 in solution, thin film and crystal states has been investigated and well summarized in the literature (Dreselhaus, 1996). However, until now no one investigator has paid serious attention to its optical golden mean properties. One of the clearest features in a regular, periodic optical crystal is the photonic band gap, which is similar to the electronic band gap in semiconductors. However, under influence of light, samples, which consists of multilayer dielectric structures of the golden mean (1 D quasicrystal), also generate mode beating and pulse stretching with strongly suppressed group velocity for frequencies close to a Fibonacci band gap (Dal Negro, 2003). Consideration of this phenomena based on transfer matrix theory suggest the existence of Fibonacci band-edge resonance. As discussed above in reference to
The brain memory span—the link between psychometric intelligence and cognition—could be understood as a superposition of n harmonics times 2Φ, where half of the fundamental is the golden mean as the point of resonance. The brain wave packets are ordered by the golden mean and may be very well understood as bifurcations which occur at the edge of chaos by relation 2Φ=3+Φ3 (Weiss, 2003).
We tested the resonance capability of the golden mean as an influence of Fibonacci type optical spectrum to the brain. In order to do that we employed a fullerene C60 as a Fibonacci type structures (OD quasi-crystals) and its effects on the biomolecule clathrin, which is present in the synapses in the human brain. We assume, if resonance exists between the clathrin molecule and the fullerene C60 then the optical transmission spectrum of C60 will have an influence on the clathrin functionality that is measurable using an EEG signal taken from a human being exposed to optical transmission.
To make a prototype of a nanophotonic glass we deposited fullerene C60 onto a planar surface of a sheet of transparent white floatglass (PGO, Germany) to form a thin film of the fullerene C60 on the glass (
A pair of harmonized filters 32 were mounted into a pair of eye glass frames with one harmonized filter mounted into separate eye glass frames for each eye to form a pair of harmonized eye glasses. These glasses were worn by subjects to provide harmonized light to the eyes of a subject wearing the glasses.
In our experiment we choose four measuring loci on the human head to place separate EEG electrodes. During normal brain function the EEG signals from each electrode (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4) should be roughly the same in terms of amplitude. Since the clock cycle of the human brain waves obey the golden ratio (Weiss, 2003), we expect in our experiment that on all four measuring positions (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4) the power intensity will change under the influence of exposure to harmonized light. We made twelve measurements, before and after the patient's eyes were exposed for 10 minutes to the diffusion of sun light and Harmonized Light, respectively. Experiments were carried out under standard clinical procedure at the Medical School, University of Belgrade and Hospital of Military Academy-VMA, Belgrade). Results strongly indicate that there are objective (EEG signals) and subjective (patient statements) differences.
Proper human brain function is indicated when the EEG signals from locations Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4 are of the same frequency and amplitude. A human subject was first exposed to sunlight and his or her EEG signals were measured in the four locations and the results of the EEG signals are shown in
Next, the human subject wore the pair of harmonized eye glasses and after 10 minutes of exposure to harmonized light the EEG readings showed a substantial positive improvement. All four EEG signals were very similar and were of the desired amplitude.
From a subjective standpoint patients with this brain state explained that before the experiment they were a little depressed, while now they feel better, in a sense relaxed.
We conducted further experiments by fitting a digital camera with the harmonized filter. We took photographs without (
Experiments were also conducted to determine the potential effects on the health of human skin by exposing the skin to harmonized light. Twelve human subjects were tested over a two month period in the Department of Dermatology in the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. Each subject was exposed to harmonized light three times per day for ten minutes session over the two month period. A comparison of measurements of the epidermis of the human subjects taken before and after the exposure to harmonized light (
c,d are photomicrographs showing an increase in the number of collagen cells 94 in a representative subject's skin comparing the number of collagen cells per square area counted at a time before a treatment (
e,f are photomicrographs showing an increase in the number of elastin cells 96, in terms of the number of cells per square area, counted before (
Not wishing to bound to any particular theory, it is believed the harmonized light had a positive impact because fibroblasts have a clathrin coating. Clathrin is meant to refer to a protein complex of three large polypeptide chains and three smaller polypeptide chain to form a triskelion structure The triskelion structures assemble into structures having icosahedral symmetry (with diameters 120 nm), and, therefore, a resonant energy of the harmonized light interacts with a conformation energy state of clathrin. It is contemplated that the harmonized filters 32 could be used to filter numerous light sources such as from incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent light bulbs, LEDs, LCDs and other sources of light. The incident light can be diffused light, or polarized light as discussed above with reference to
From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific inventions disclosed herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/899,140 filed on Feb. 2, 2007 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/959,431 filed Jul. 13, 2007 each of which are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof. Not Applicable.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60899140 | Feb 2007 | US | |
| 60959431 | Jul 2007 | US |
