Hazardous materials transfer system and method

Abstract

A hazardous fluid materials transfer system is automated to control the transfer of the hazardous fluid while maintaining the fluid within a closed environment for providing maximum personal protection to the operators handling the hazardous materials during the transfer, such as those operations in the mosquito control industry. The system includes the transfer of the fluid to storage tanks intermediate the source and target tanks between the transfer is desired. A pre-programmed processor receiving pressure, weights, and connection signals from transducers, such as pressure sensors and load cells, located throughout the system controls the operation of pumps and valves to allow the fluid being transferred to remain within a closed environment.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to the transfer of hazardous materials, and more particularly to a method of transferring hazardous materials within an environmentally closed system for protecting the health and well being of personnel responsible for the materials transfer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The transfer of hazardous materials is known to present potential problems to both the environment within which the hazardous materials are being used, and to the user responsible for handling the materials. There is a particular need to control such transfer of hazardous materials without an undue reliance on the skill or training of the personnel handling the materials. It would be preferable is such transfer could be an easy as filling ones gas tank at a self-service gas station, and in particular not require cumbersome and expensive protective wear. There is further a need to handle such hazardous materials with a thought of protecting the environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, herein described and embodied in a chemical materials transfer system and method, includes an automated system useful in mosquito control, by way of example, for transferring hazardous chemicals from a chemical storage tank to a tank on board a vehicle or aircraft from which the chemicals will be distributed. The chemical materials transferred using the system and method of the present invention remain within a closed (gas sealed) environment in order to provide the maximum personal protection to the user during a transfer operation.

While not the same as filling ones automobile fuel tank with gasoline, operation of the system is intended to be as simple. However, embodiments of the present invention prevent the hazardous materials, both liquids and gases, from escaping into the environment. As a result, there is no need for personnel protective suits or rebreathing equipment, and the possible exposure to the chemical is still dramatically reduced. The present invention provides a capability to mix at varying ratios as well as safely transfer the hazardous material.

An automated system, as herein described by way of example, is useful for mosquito control personnel required to transfer and/or mix harsh chemical materials with a diluent from a chemical materials storage drum to a storage tank on board a vehicle or aircraft. The embodiment of the present invention herein described discloses a closed system for providing personal protection.

The present invention, a fluid materials transfer system useful for transferring hazardous fluids form a source to a target while maintaining the fluid materials within a closed environment in order to provide the maximum personal protection to the user during a transfer operation, comprises fluid storage means for storing a fluid within a closed environment, first flow control means operable with the fluid storage means for delivering a fluid from a source location thereto while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment, sensing means for sensing an amount of fluid carried by the storage means, second flow control means operable with the storage means for delivering the fluid therein to a target location while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment, and processing means operable with the first and second flow control means for controlling flows therewith in response to an amount of fluid sensed by the sensing means.

A method aspect of the invention includes transferring hazardous fluids from a source to a target while maintaining the fluid materials within a closed environment in order to provide the maximum personal protection to the user during a transfer operation comprising storing a fluid within a closed environment, delivering the fluid from the source location while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment, sensing an amount of fluid from the storing, delivering a controlled amount of the fluid to a target location while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment, and controlling the delivering of the fluid from the source location to the target location in response to the sensing of the amount of fluid being stored.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention are described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention including a closed system for the mixing and transfer of chemicals;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention illustrating elements used for transfer of a hazardous chemical material from a source to a target tank;

FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C present a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention illustrating elements used for mixing and transfer of multiple chemicals from source to target tanks; and

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one system controller operable with the embodiments of FIGS. 1 - 3 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of illustration and example. This invention may, however, be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

With reference initially to FIG. 1 , the system 10 illustrative of the present invention and herein described by way of example, includes a first subsystem 12 for illustrating a transfer of a highly hazardous material such as Dibrom (dibromochloropropane-a colorless, halogenated, carcinogenic hydrocarbon used as a pesticide, fumigant, and nematocide, and restricted in usage), a second subsystem 14 for illustrating a mixing and transferring of environmentally harmful materials, by way of example, and a controller 16 operable with both subsystems for controlling the transfer of the materials to be handled and keeping a record thereof. Expanded details of each will be addressed with reference to FIGS. 2-4 . It is expected that the first subsystem (CS 1 ) 12 will use Teflon fittings and other special processing components (pumps and valves) to handle the Dibrom product. The second subsystem (CS 2 ) 14 will have additional components to provide for the mixing process with oil or water as may be required by the particular chemical material for the pre-selected use.

With continued reference to FIG. 1 , consider the mechanical aspects of the present invention with reference to those needs known in the mosquito control industry. The embodiments illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings accommodate the transfer of chemical materials from source tanks 18 such as 30, 55, or 275-gallon drums or bulk containers. Elements herein described for the embodiments illustrated, such as closed connectors may be selected from trusted and reliable manufacturers, and are herein presented are for illustrative purposes. Continuing with the example for mosquito control, a target tank 20 in the transfer may include a chemical container to be transported onboard a vehicle, such as a pickup truck, which truck may be part of the system of the present invention. This target tank 20 will likely have a 15-20 gallon capacity, be UV resistant, and preferably be manufactured from a high-density polyethylene. Typically, larger containers will be the target tank 20 when used on an aircraft from which the chemical will be spread.

Some chemical materials (chemicals) planned for use may require mixing with a diluent, such as a light oil or water. Mixing ratios may typically range from 4:1 to approximately 15:1 and may be either mechanically adjusted or logic controlled. Generally, most chemicals used in mosquito control will not require mixing and are known generally known as ready-to-use (RTU) chemicals. As will be described in more detail later in this section, a connector 22 on a vehicle container will be sealed while connected or unconnected to any supply line 24 . The connector 26 on the supply line 24 is also sealed to prevent leaks while unconnected. As is described more fully with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3A , 3 B, and 3 C, the supply hose 28 connected to the vehicle is preferably not pressurized while not in use. Transfer times may range from approximately 5 gallons per minute for ground vehicles to about 20 gallons per minute for aircraft. Any system component contacting the chemical must be compatible with the harsh, corrosive mosquito control chemicals, such as Dibrom, by way of example. MSDS for Dibrom will be provided as well as material compatibility from AMVAC, the manufacturer of the chemical. Baytex and Fyfanon are other chemicals known to be corrosive and hazardous, thus requiring care when handling. The system 10 will automatically stop the transfer of the chemical materials when the target tank 20 is full. The system 10 as illustrated with reference again to FIG. 1 , with further details illustrated in FIG. 4 , includes a manually operated emergency stop button 30 which when activated will cause an override any automatically operated stop or start control. The emergency stop button 30 for the transfer process is mounted on a user interface panel of the controller 16 . The stop button removes the 24 volt system power 31 supplied, thus stopping all operations after emergency stop flow valves have been activated, which valves are described later in further detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3A , 3 B, and 3 C. The system 10 will capture ore re-circulate any vapor generated by the chemical materials during transfer. Also, an alarm 48 is activated which is separately battery powered.

With reference again to FIG. 1 and specifically the controller 16 , consider the intelligence and control aspects of the present invention. The system 10 controls flow of the chemical materials and meters its presence within a closed loop. The controller 16 controls and records the operation and data collection for both the first subsystem (CS 1 ) 12 and the second subsystem (CS 2 ) 14 . Individually controlled operation is preferred, but the system 10 and its controller 16 may not be limited to an individual or a simultaneous control of both subsystems, which control will depend on the operation and the support personal. Therefore, one subsystem, dual subsystems, two distinct subsystems, or any combination will be selected by a used to meet the need.

By way of example, the metering method as herein described includes us of weighing devices such as load cells 33 , as will be further described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3A , 3 B, and 3 C, but it is expected that other methods and devices, such as in-line metering will be used by those of skill in the art now having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention. Flow data is stored in a computer memory, and data reporting may include but is not limited to total chemical material per vehicle, data and time chemical material was transferred, total amount of chemical material used per day, and the cumulative total. A graphic display 34 is provided. Password entry or card reader 36 data entry will be required for access to the controls. In addition, a keypad 38 is provided for data entry for the embodiment herein described. Desired amounts of material to be transferred will be programmed, and an automatic shut-off provided as an override. The graphic (LCD) display 34 and the keypad 38 to enable user commands to the system 10 and the ability to view data relating to the transfer process. Reports on the transfer process are available via an RS232 connection port either in real-time or a call up report.

As above described, the present invention provides for chemical materials transfer while providing personnel and environmental protection. As herein presented, by way of example, for the hazardous material Dibrom, and for certain other mosquito insecticide materials, the standalone first subsystem (CS 1 ) 12 may be required, and will need to be dedicated to that specific chemical material or product throughout its use, or until thoroughly cleaned. With such a requirement, a separate standalone subsystem, such as the second subsystem (CS 2 ) 14 will be used to transfer, or mix and transfer, all other chemical materials for the mosquito insecticides anticipated for the example herein described. Again, it is anticipated that various alternatives, combinations and sub-combinations of the embodiments herein presented by way of example, will be developed now having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention.

With reference again to FIG. 1 , the source tanks 18 carrying a supply of insecticide carry a bar code ID strip 40 . The bar code strip 40 is read by a bar code reader 42 , which also transmits the data to the controller 16 via an RF signaling unit 44 . This will permit identifying that the source (supply) tank 18 is carrying an acceptable product. The controller algorithm will utilize known bar code data provided by a supplier, a customer identification number, and chemical utilization data for the particular source tank to qualify that source tank as being acceptable for use. Provisions for the bar code reader 42 are included in the controller 16 . As a further safety consideration, a shower and eye wash station 46 is provided as a part of the system 10 . An RS232 connection 48 is also used as will be described later in further detail.

The controller 16 includes numerous inputs and outputs (I/O) to each subsystem 12 , 14 for an operator interface, the bar code reader 42 and the RS-232 serial port 50 . By way of example, the second subsystem 14 illustrated with reference to FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C, will have I/O which will include: six 4-20 mA inputs from the load cell summations, differential pressure sensor, and the pressure transducer to the A/D on the system; two PWM signals at 24 volts from the system 14 to pumps P 2 and P 4 pumps; and two logic 5 volt signals to the controller 16 ; and ten 24 volt control commands from the controller 16 to the subsystem 14 .

The first subsystem 12 will have direct I/O which include: two 4-20 mA inputs from the load cell summations, pressure transducer to an A/D converter for the controller 16 ; one 24 volt PWM signal to a pump (P 2 ); three logic 5 volt signals to the controller 16 ; and six 24 volt control signal commands from the controller 16 to the first subsystem (CS 1 ) 12 .

With reference again to FIG. 4 , and by way of example, a processor 17 , including a TDS2020 and a Mother Board with 12 C paths can satisfy these I/O requirements. Therefore, while one may prefer using a dual TDS2020 implementation based on desired control, one is probably not required.

Consider the operation of the first subsystem 12 with reference again to FIG. 2 . The chemical material being used is Dibrom, a corrosive insecticide in a liquid form carried in the source tank 18 . A dry connector (manufactured by Micro-Matic) is used for the connection 22 / 26 , as earlier described with reference to FIG. 1 , to this mosquito control chemical source. The chemical material transfer flow process is automatic and is controlled by the controller 16 , after the desired start data have been entered through the keypad 38 , by way of example. Transfer process feedback is achieved by reading data from the sensors and process hardware control is via on/off switches at 5 volts, 24 volts or PWM signals to pumps, as illustrated with reference to FIG. 4 .

The measurement accuracy of the total chemical transferred will depend upon the accuracy of the load cells 33 on the first and second tanks 50 , 52 (also identified in FIG. 2 as t 1 and t 2 ). The error in measurement will be less than 2%. The transfer of chemical materials using the first subsystem 12 will assume that the requirement includes transferring the Dibrom from the source tank 18 to the target tank 20 without a need for mixing, unlike the example described with reference to FIG. 4 illustrating the second subsystem 14 . The sequential process steps for the insecticide chemical transfer from the source tank 18 to the target tank 20 located on an aircraft will be as follows:

The controller 16 described earlier with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4 , verifies at an initial time (time # 0 ) that the first tank (t 1 ) 50 and the second tank (t 2 ) 52 are at a “full” level. If the first tank 50 is not full, a first pump (p 1 ) 54 is switched on. If the first tank 50 is such that its level does not increase, a message is displayed with instruction to change the source tank 18 . If the first tank 50 is full but the second tank 52 is not, a diverter styled valve (v 1 ), a first valve 56 is held in its normally open (NO) position allowing the first pump 54 to be switched on for filling the second tank 52 through the normally open second diverter valve (v 2 ) 58 . If the fluid level in the second tank 52 still does not increase, a message is again displayed to change source tank 18 .

The controller 16 verifies at a later time (time # 1 ) that the supply hose 24 at location (h 1 ) is attached to a receptacle/connector 60 by checking the status of micro switch (ms 1 ) 62 . The micro switch 62 must be closed to begin user keypad interface operation. The controller 16 will switch valve (v 3 ) 64 allow flow to the first tank 50 and the first valve 56 and the first pump (p 1 ) 54 and second pump (p 2 ) 66 to wet the system flow lines 68 to be ready for connection to the target tank 20 .

After a predetermined wetting time, the first valve (v 1 ) 56 is turned off and pressure is delivered to the system lines 68 until it is measured at approximately 30 PSI, by way of example, and indicated by a signal from a pressure transducer (pt 1 ) 70 . The controller 16 will then turn off the first valve 56 and the first (p 1 ) and second (p 2 ) pumps 54 , 66 .

The controller 16 will then display a message to disconnect the hose 28 at the connector (mm 2 ) 60 and connect the hose connector 22 to the target tank connector (mm 3 ) 26 .

Once the hose 28 is connected at (mm 3 ) to the target tank 20 , the controller will sense a pressure drop at the transducer (pt 1 ) 70 indicating that the system line 68 has been connected. The transfer and filling process can then start.

The controller 16 then takes the preset conditions (GPM and pre-programmed total), initiating the fill cycle.

During this fill cycle, the material/product (e.g. Dibrom) is first transferred from the first tank 50 (t 1 ) to the target tank 20 . If more product is needed to complete the fill cycle, flow from the second tank 52 (t 2 ) will be switched by the controller 16 using the third switching valve 64 (v 3 ) to the second tank (t 2 ) and refilling the first tank (t 1 ) by second switching valve 58 (v 2 ) to the first tank 50 (t 1 ) and also turning on the first pump 54 (p 1 ). The controller 16 will check the weight of the first tank 50 using a signal from the load cell 33 until a full condition indication has been met. The controller will then turn the first pump 54 (p 1 ) off, while metering the output of the second tank 52 (t 2 ) using its associated load cell 33 , or alternatively by using a flow metering device. If more material is required to complete the filling of the target tank 20 , this step is repeated with a toggling between the first and second tanks.

The controller 16 will transfer a pre-programmed quantity of product (Dibrom) to the target tank 20 . If the target tank 20 becomes full before the pre-programmed amount, pressure in the target tank will be sensed by a pressure sensing switch (pss 1 ) 72 operable within vent/vapor line 74 of the system 10 for providing a pressure signal to the controller 16 via control input lines 76 lines operable with the controller indicating that the second pump 66 must be turned off and a two-way valve (v 4 ) 78 closed. By way of example, when filling is within 2 gallons of the pre-programmed amount, the controller 16 will taper (slow) the rate of the second pump (p 2 ) 66 output until a desired amount is reached. During the transfer and filling operation, vapor from the target tank 20 is transferred back to the source tank 18 via the line 74 to keep the system 10 closed to the surrounding/outside environment.

Should an emergency condition exist, pressing the large emergency stop button 30 will immediately close the two-way valve (v 4 ) 78 and all operating system components. To restart the system, the emergency stop button 30 must be manually reset as will be indicated by a message from the controller 16 .

Operation includes draining the hose 28 . Upon completion of the filling of the target tank 20 , the controller 16 will display a message “do you want to fill another tank”. If your keypad entry is a “no,” the controller 16 will display a message to disconnect the connectors 22 / 26 (mm 3 ) from the target tank 20 , retract the hose 28 on its hose reel 80 and connect the hose connector 26 to the connector/receptacle 60 (mm 2 ). If your answer and keypad entry id a “yes,” the controller 16 will display message to disconnect connectors 22 / 26 (mm 3 ) from the target tank 20 , retract the hose 28 on the reel 80 to prevent damage to the hose and connector 26 , and do not reconnect to the receptacle 60 (mm 2 ). This will leave the system lines 68 wet for filling additional target tanks.

When connecting to receptacle (mm 2 ) 60 after filling has been completed, the controller 16 will sense a signal from a micro switch (ms 1 ) 82 indicating a closure and thus indicating that the hose 28 is connected. The controller 16 will then open a fifth valve (v 5 ) 84 (a three-way valve) to provide air into the fluid system lines 68 to prevent hose collapse during drainage. In addition to opening the fifth valve 84 (v 5 ), the controller 16 will open the first valve (v 1 ) 56 , close the two-way valve (v 4 ) 78 and turn on the first pump (p 1 ) 54 . The controller will then make a determination as to which tank, the first(t 1 ) or the second (t 2 ) is to be used for draining the hose 28 and will position the second valve (v 2 ) 58 accordingly for draining the hose based on which tank is less full. This operation will continue until no further material/product is pumped into one of these two tanks as sensed by the corresponding load cells 33 .

The last step in this sequence to be performed is to fill both the first (t 1 ) and second (t 2 ) tanks 50 , 52 . After this final sequence is complete, the computer TDS2020 will go into “sleep mode” after a predetermined time period.

By way of further example and use of alternate embodiments of the present invention, consider an operation of the second subsystem 14 with reference again to FIG. 3 for a use of the invention in mixing and transferring chemical materials within a closed system 11 . In the example herein described, liquid inputs to the system 11 are an insecticide chemical carried within the source tank 18 and a dilution chemical, either oil or water (if dilution is required) carried within the dilution tank 86 . As earlier described with reference to FIG. 1 , dry connectors 22 , 26 are used on the source tank 18 with the mosquito chemical.

As earlier described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the chemical materials transfer flow process is automatic and controlled by the controller 16 (after the necessary start data has been entered at the keypad 38 ). Process feedback is achieved by reading data from the various system sensors and process hardware control is via on/off switches at 5 volts and 24 volts or PWM signals (24 volt) to system pumps. The accuracy of the materials mixing is dependent upon the accuracy of the load cells 33 used. It is expected to be within better than 2%.

The transfer of chemical material from the source tank 18 to the target tank 20 including mixing of the chemical material with a diluent transferred form the dilution tank 86 will assume that a particular mixing of the insecticide and dilution chemical is required. One preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the following sequential process steps for this insecticide chemical transfer from the source tank 18 to the target tank 20 , some of which steps may be eliminated depending upon the requirements imposed by the chemicals being transferred and the desires of the user.

As way similarly described for the operation of system 10 , with reference to FIG. 2 , the controller 18 verifies at an initial time (time # 0 ) that the tank (t 1 ) 50 c and the tank (t 2 ) 52 c levels are full. If tank (t 1 ) 50 c is not full, pump (p 1 ) 54 c is switched on. If tank (t 1 ) 50 c levels still do not increase, a message is displayed to change the source tank 18 . If tank (t 1 ) 50 c is full but tank (t 2 ) 52 c is not, valve (v 1 ) 58 c and pump (p 1 ) 54 c are both switched on until a full condition is indicated. If tank (t 2 ) 52 c levels still do not increase, a message is again displayed to change the source tank 18 .

If mixing with a dilution chemical is not required, the controller 16 will not attempt to fill tank (t 3 ) 50 d and tank (t 4 ) 52 d . If mixing is required, the controller 16 will also verify at time (time # 0 ) that tank (t 3 ) 50 d and tank (t 4 ) 52 d levels are full. If tank (t 3 ) 50 d is not full, pump (p 3 ) 54 d is switched on. If tank (t 3 ) 50 d levels still do not increase, a message is displayed to change the dilution tank 86 . If tank (t 3 ) 50 d is full but tank (t 4 ) 52 d is not, valve (v 4 ) 58 d and pump (p 3 ) 54 d are both switched on until the controller 16 receives a sensing signal indicating a full condition. If tank (t 4 ) 52 d levels do not rise at any time during this sequence, a message is displayed to change the dilution tank 86 .

The controller 16 verifies at time (time# 1 ) that the hose (h 1 ) 28 is attached to the receptacle (mm 2 ) 60 , as earlier described with reference to FIG. 2 , by checking the status of micro switch (ms 1 ) 62 , which micro switch (ms 1 ) must be closed to begin user keypad interface operation. The controller 16 will switch on valve (v 2 ) 64 c and valve (v 5 ) 64 d as well as pumps (p 2 ) 66 c and (p 4 ) 66 d at preferably low flow rates, and switch a transfer pump (p 5 ) 88 on and off until a fifth tank (t 5 ) 90 within this mixing system 11 is full. A tank level sensor (tsf) 92 signals the controller 16 that the tank (t 5 ) 90 is full. The controller 16 will then turn off pump (p 5 ) 88 and close a valve (v 9 ) 94 located between the tank 90 and the pump 88 connected to the receptacle/connector 60 . The controller will then turn off pump (p 2 ) 66 c & pump (p 4 ) 66 d when a pressure transducer (pt 1 ) operable within the system line indicates 30 PSI. This sequence indicates that the system 11 is within a wet condition.

The controller 16 will then display a message to disconnect the hose (h 1 ) 28 at the connector (mm 2 ) 60 and connect the hose connector 26 to the target tank connector (mm 3 ) 22 .

Once the hose 28 has been connected using the connectors (mm 3 ) 22 / 26 to the target tank 20 , the controller 16 will receive a signal from the pressure sensor indicating a pressure drop at (pt 1 ) indicating that the system 11 is closed, properly connected, and ready to start the filling process.

The controller 16 will now take the preset conditions and programmed requirements (GPM, mix ratio, pre-programmed total, and the like) and will initiate the transfer and filling cycle.

In the way of providing further example with regard to using the system 11 without mixing, such as is known for RTU products, the controller 16 will first open valve (v 6 ) 98 , close valve (v 5 ) 64 d and turn on pump (p 4 ) 66 d until a tank level empty signal from level sensor (tse) 100 is indicated in tank (t 5 ) 90 . In this embodiment, once the +5 volt signal has been sensed from the (tse) sensor 100 , the controller 16 will close valve (v 6 ) 98 , and turn off pump (p 4 ) 66 d . During this fill cycle, product is transferred from tank (t 1 ) 50 c first to the target tank 20 . The controller 16 will turn on pump (p 2 ) 66 c and open valve (v 2 ) 64 c . If additional product is needed to complete the filling cycle, and tank (t 1 ) 50 c is empty, tank (t 2 ) 52 c will be used by the controller 16 switching valve (v 2 ) 64 c to tank (t 2 ) 52 c and valve (v 1 ) 58 c and pump (p 1 ) 54 c to refill tank (t 1 ) 50 c . The controller 16 will check the weight of tank (t 1 ) 50 c until a full indication has been met, then turn pump (p 1 ) 54 c off, while metering the output of tank (t 2 ) 52 c . If yet additional product is required to complete the filling of the target tank 20 , this step is repeated, toggling between the two tanks 50 c , 52 c.

Consider the mixing of the chemical material with diluent, keeping in mind that while a liquid is used herein by way of example for the mosquito control industry, it is anticipated that any fluid, including beads by way of example, may be used in the transfer now having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention. This step including a mixing is as previously described except that both are accomplished simultaneously. It is to be noted that when a three-way manually operated valve, valve (v 3 ) 102 is used to select between oil or water dilutions, the controller 16 will display a message to check the manual position of this valve accordingly. This sequence will be the same as that described for the RTU but with different components designated to complete the task, as will herein be described. The controller 16 must first open valve (v 6 ) 98 , close valve (v 5 ) 64 d and turn on pump (p 4 ) 66 d until a tank level empty (tse) is indicated for tank (t 5 ) 90 . Once the +5 volt signal has been sensed from the (tse) sensor 100 , valve (v 6 ) 98 is closed and valve (v 5 ) 64 d is opened. During this cycle, product is first transferred from tank (t 3 ) 50 d to the target tank 20 . The controller 16 will turn on pump (p 4 ) 66 d and open valve (v 5 ) 64 d . If additional product is needed to complete the transfer and fill cycle and tank (t 3 ) 50 d is empty, the controller 16 will switch operation to tank (t 4 ) 52 d by switching valve (v 5 ) 64 d to tank (t 4 ) 52 d , valve (v 4 ) 58 d to tank (t 3 ) 50 d , and pump (p 3 ) 54 d to be used to refill tank (t 3 ). Using a signal from the appropriate load cell 33 , the controller 16 will check the weight of tank (t 3 ) 50 d until a full indication has been met, then turn pump (p 3 ) 54 d off, while metering the output of tank (t 4 ) 52 d . If yet additional product is required to complete the filling of the target tank 20 , this step is repeated, toggling between the two tanks 50 d , 52 d . It should be herein that the use of a pair of tanks 50 , 52 described with reference to FIG. 2 , and tank pairs 50 c , 52 c and 50 d , 52 d may each be replaced by single larger capacity tank. However, the use of tank pairs minimizes the need for the large volume subsystems 12 , 14 by toggling between the tanks within the tank pairs. Further, it should be appreciated based on the teachings of the present invention, that the tank pairs in combination with the associated load cells combine to provide a measure of flow and flow rate. Alternatively, flow meters may be used.

In the mixing cycle of the embodiment of the system 11 herein described by way of example, the controller 16 controls the mixing ratio of pump (p 2 ) 66 c and pump (P 4 ) 66 d with the output going through a mechanical mixer (ml) 104 through additional valves and hose 28 , which hose is conveniently carried on a reel 80 , as earlier described with reference to FIG. 2 , and out to the target tank 20 .

Again, if an emergency condition exists, pressing the large red emergency stop button 30 illustrated with reference again to FIGS. 1 and 4 , will immediately close valve (v 7 ) 106 positioned intermediate to the mixer 104 and target tank 20 , as illustrated in FIG. 3 . In addition, the system operation will be turned off. In order to restart the system, the emergency stop button 30 must be manually reset as is indicated by an automatically displayed message from the controller 16 .

The system 11 , as performed by the controller 16 , will transfer a predetermined and pre-programmed quantity of product to the target tank 20 . If the target tank 20 becomes full before the pre-programmed amount has been reached, pressure in target tank 20 will be sensed by a pressure sensing switch (pss 1 ) 108 communicating with the controller 16 indicating that pumps (p 2 and p 4 ) 66 c , 66 d need to be turned off, valve (v 7 ) 106 is to be closed. Preferably, when filling within approximately 2 gallons of the pre-programmed amount, the controller 16 will taper (slow down) the flow rates and thus outputs of pumps (p 2 and p 4 ) 66 c , 66 d until the desired amount is reached.

During the filling operation, vapor from the target tank 20 is transferred back to the source tank 18 to keep the system 11 closed to the surrounding environment. Venting the vapor back to the source tank 18 is accomplished by monitoring pressure in the source tank using the pressure sensing switch (pss 2 ) 110 until reaching approximately 3 to 5 PSI, which will supply a +5 volt signal to the controller 16 , resulting in the controller in turn closing solenoid valve (v 10 ) 112 to divert vapor through a carbon filter 114 , and out to the surrounding environment if appropriate for the chemical materials being transferred.

Once the transfer operation is completed, it is desirable to drain the hose 28 . Upon completion of the filling of the target tank 20 , the controller 16 will display a message such as “do you want to fill another tank”. If the answer is “no,” the controller will display a message to disconnect the connectors (mm 3 ) 22 , 26 from the target tank 20 , retract the hose 28 onto the reel 80 and connect the hose connector 26 to the receptacle/connector (mm 2 ) 60 . If the answer is “yes,” the controller 16 will display a message to disconnect (mm 3 ) 22 , 26 from the target tank 20 , retract the hose 28 onto the reel 80 to prevent damage to hose and connector, and do not reconnect to (mm 2 ) 60 . This will leave the lines of the system 11 wet for filling additional tanks.

With continued reference to FIGS. 3A , 3 B, and 3 C, when connecting to receptacle/connector (mm 2 ) 60 after filling has completed, the controller 16 receives a sensed signal from the micro switch (ms 1 ) 62 indicating a closure and that the hose (h 1 ) 28 is connected to the system 11 . The controller 16 will then open a three-way valve (v 8 ) 116 located inline between the two-way valve (v 7 ) 106 and the exit portion of the hose 28 , close valve (v 7 ) 106 and turn on pump (p 5 ) 88 . This sequence will continue until the tank empty sensor (tse) 100 indicates a condition other than empty, plus a predetermined time, but not a full indication signaled by the sensor (tsf) 92 .

The last sequence to be performed will be to fill tanks (t 1 & t 2 ) 50 c , 52 c , and (t 3 & t 4 ) 50 d , 52 d if applicable. After this final sequence is complete, the processor 17 (TDS2020) as earlier described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4 , will place the system into a “sleep mode” after a predetermined time period.

Although the invention has been described relative to specific embodiments thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A method for transferring a hazardous fluid from a source to a target while maintaining the hazardous fluid within a closed environment in order to provide the maximum personal protection to an operator during a transfer operation, the method comprising the steps of:storing a hazardous fluid within a source for transfer thereof within a closed environment; transferring the hazardous fluid from the source to a target while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment; sensing an amount of fluid transferred from the source to the target; delivering a controlled amount of the fluid to the target while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment; and controlling the delivering of the fluid to the target in response to the sensing of the amount of the fluid being transferred from the source.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the hazardous liquid comprises a carcinogenic hydrocarbon useful in at least one of a pesticide, fumigant, and nematocide.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid sensing step includes sensing an amount of liquid delivered from the source.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing of the amount of fluid being transferred includes monitoring pressure within the target and controlling the fluid flow thereto.

5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:transferring vapor from the target to the source; monitoring pressure at the target; and stopping the vapor transferring step upon reaching a preselected pressure at the target.

6. A method of transferring a hazardous fluid from a source to a target including a mixing of a second fluid therewith while maintaining the hazardous fluid within a closed environment for providing personal protection to an operator during the transferring, the method comprising the steps of:providing a controller for controlling a fluid flow from the source to the target and a mixing of a second fluid therewith; monitoring time during a transferring of the hazardous fluid and second fluid to the target; making a fluid flow connection from the source to the target; providing preset conditions to the controller, the preset conditions selected from operational input requirements including at least one of flow rate, mixing ratio for mixing the second fluid with the hazardous fluid, and total amount of the fluids to be transferred; pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to the target; pumping the second fluid to the target; automatically monitoring a pressure during the pumping steps for determining an amount of both the hazardous and second fluid being transferred; stopping the pumping upon achieving a preselected pressure level; repeating the pumping steps; repeating the automatically pressure monitoring step; and continuing the stopping and repeating steps until a desired fluid level is reached for the target.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the pressure monitoring step comprises the steps of:pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to a first container; providing a load cell operable with the first container for determining an amount of the hazardous fluid carried therein; monitoring the load cell for determining the amount of hazardous fluid contained therein; pumping the second fluid to a second container; providing a load cell operable with the second container for determining an amount of the second fluid carried therein; and monitoring the load cell for determining the amount of the second fluid contained therein.

8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of minimizing a container size useful in the transferring by providing first and second container pairs for each of the first and second containers, respectively.

9. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:automatically monitoring the weight of the containers through operation of the controller; determining a level of the containers and his an amount of fluid therein thought the weight thereof; providing an appropriate level with each of the first and second containers to meet a preselected mixing of the hazardous fluid with the second fluid; pumping the hazardous fluid from the first container to the target; and pumping the second fluid to the target.

10. A method of transferring a hazardous fluid from a source to a target while maintaining the hazardous fluid within a closed environment for providing personal protection to an operator during the transferring of the hazardous fluid using a materials transfer system having fluid flow control means communicating with the source for controlling flow therefrom, the flow control means employing a pump for a pumping of the fluid, and sensing means operable between the source and the target for sensing pressure and flow, and thus an amount of fluid transferred to the target, the method comprising the steps of:making a fluid flow connection from the source to the target through the flow control means; unlocking an emergency stop switch operable with the fluid flow control means, powering up the fluid flow control means, wherein the powering up step includes operating a pressure transducer operable therewith for monitoring pressure within the system; selecting an amount of fluid to be transferred; initiating a transferring of the fluid from the source to the target; pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to the target; automatically monitoring pressure within the material transfer system during the pumping step; stopping the pumping upon achieving a preselected pressure level identified by the sensing means; repeating the pumping step; repeating the automatically pressure monitoring step; and continuing the stopping and repeating steps until a desired fluid level is reached for the target.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the pressure monitoring step comprises the steps of:pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to a container; providing a load cell operable with the container for determining an amount of the hazardous fluid carried therein; and monitoring the load cell for determining the amount of hazardous fluid contained therein.

12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of minimizing the size of the container useful in the transferring by providing a container pair operable connected therebetween.

13. A method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:automatically monitoring the weight of the container through operation of the flow control means; determining a level within the container and thus an amount of hazardous fluid therein thought the weight thereof; filling the container to a level for meeting a preselected transferring of the hazardous fluid; and pumping the hazardous fluid from the container to the target.

14. A method of transferring fluids to a target using a materials transfer system having a fluid flow controller communicating therewith, the flow controller employing a pump for pumping the fluid, the system further including a pressure transducer operable between the source and the target for sensing pressure, the method comprising the steps of:making a fluid flow connection from a source of hazardous fluid to the target through the flow controller; unlocking an emergency stop switch operable with the fluid flow controller, selecting an amount of hazardous fluid to be transferred; initiating a transferring of the hazardous fluid from the source; pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to the target; automatically monitoring pressure within the materials transfer system during the pumping step; stopping the pumping upon achieving a preselected pressure level identified by the sensing means; repeating the pumping step; repeating the automatically pressure monitoring step; and continuing the stopping and repeating steps until a desired fluid level is reached for the target.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the pressure monitoring step comprises the steps of:pumping the hazardous fluid from the source to a first container; providing a load cell operable with the first container for determining an amount of the hazardous fluid carried therein; monitoring the load cell for determining the amount of hazardous fluid contained therein; pumping a second fluid to a second container; providing a load cell operable with the second container for determining an amount of the second fluid carried therein; and monitoring the load cell for determining the amount of the second fluid contained therein.

16. A method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of minimizing a container size useful in the transferring by providing first and second container pairs for each of the first and second containers, respectively.

17. A method according to claim 15, further comprising the steps of:automatically monitoring the weight of the first and second containers through operation of the controller; determining a fluid level within the first and second containers and thus an amount of fluid therein thought the weight thereof; providing an appropriate level with the first and second containers to meet a preselected mixing of the hazardous fluid with the second fluid; pumping the hazardous fluid from the first container to the target; and pumping the second fluid from the second container to the target.

18. A method for transferring a hazardous fluid, the method comprising:storing a hazardous fluid within a source for transfer thereof within a closed environment; transferring the hazardous fluid from the source to a target while maintaining the fluid within the closed environment; sensing an amount of fluid transferred from the source to the target; delivering a controlled amount of the fluid to the target while maintaining the fluid within the dosed environment; and controlling the delivering of the fluid to the target in response to the sensing of the amount of the fluid being transferred from the source; transferring vapor from the target to the source; monitoring pressure at the target; and stopping the vapor transferring step upon reaching a preselected pressure at the target.