The invention relates to automobile passenger restraints. More particularly, the invention relates to a helmet attached restraint for restraining a wearer's head during rapid deceleration, such as may be experienced in a crash.
A potential cause of death among race car drivers is injuries that result from violent head movements during a crash. In a typical crash, the driver's body is secured to the vehicle seat with seat belts. However, during a rapid deceleration, a driver's head can continue to move forward, causing a basilar skull fracture resulting in serious injury or immediate death.
A head restraint device is desirable to prevent neck injuries for drivers in race cars. The head restraint device prevents the head of a driver from whipping forward in a crash. The head restraint device additionally prevents excessive rotational movement of the head. Ideally, the head restraint device provides these protections without otherwise restricting movement of the neck.
During use of known head restraint devices, e.g., the “HANS device”, a vehicle driver is able to move his or her head as normal while operating the vehicle. However, in a crash, the device restricts head movements that would otherwise exceed the normal articulation range of the skeletal/muscular system and cause severe injury. Without the HANS device, in a crash, a driver's body is decelerated by the seatbelt while the head maintains velocity until it is decelerated by the neck. The HANS device maintains the relative position of the head to the body and transfers energy to the drivers chest, torso, shoulder, seatbelts, and seat as the head is decelerated.
A typical HANS device is shaped like a U, wherein the back of the U locates behind the neck of the driver. The two legs of the U lie flat along the front of the chest over the pectoral muscles. The device is supported primarily by the shoulders. A typical HANS device is only attached to the driver's helmet, but is not attached the belts, the driver's body, or to the seat. The helmet is attached to the HANS device at two connection locations on each side of the helmet.
When wearing a typical racing harness, the harness belts that cross the driver's upper body pass over the HANS device on the driver's shoulders and the belts buckle at the center of the driver's abdomen. Therefore, the HANS device is secured with the body of the driver, not the seat.
Despite the substantial improvement in driver safety afforded by the use of the HANS device, drivers involved in high speed accidents may experience a concussion when using the device. The majority of concussions in auto racing do not result from the head coming in contact with objects within the vehicle. Instead, concussions experienced by auto racing drivers while using the HANS device may be caused by the straps that are affixed to a driver's helmet. During a crash impact, when the driver's head moves forward and fully extends the straps, the helmet and the driver's skull within the helmet come to an abrupt stop, while the driver's brain continues to move forward until the brain impacts the front of the skull. Therefore, without anything touching the helmet or even getting a scratch, the driver can get a very serious concussion.
The head restraint device of the invention includes a collar portion having legs extending therefrom, wherein the legs wrap around the neck of a driver and down in front of a driver's chest. On the back of the collar portion, a headrest portion is provided that extends upwards behind the driver's head. In a one embodiment, the collar portion and the leg portions are constructed of a single piece.
The device is placed over the shoulders of the driver and then the driver is secured within the vehicle, e.g., with a 5 point harness. The straps of the harness lay over the legs of the brace. Once the straps are tightened, the straps hold the brace securely to the driver's body.
In one embodiment, approximately ¾ of the way up the headrest portion, straps are connected from the headrest portion to two connecting points or anchors on the back or sides of the driver's helmet. In the event of an impact, the straps limit how far the driver's head can move forwardly or to the side.
In the head restraint device of the invention, a shock absorber is added to the brace. In one embodiment, the head restraint device is constructed of two pieces, e.g., a collar portion and a headrest portion. The two pieces may be connected together at a hinge. Two bolts and a small shock absorber additionally connect the collar portion and the headrest portion. The shock absorber may be valved extremely light for slow speed extension, to add comfort to the driver when getting strapped into the car and for maintaining a driver's ability to look around. However, at high speed extension, the valving is stiff enough to withstand the forces found in a major impact.
By implementing the shock absorber and specially designed head restraint assembly, deceleration of the helmet is significantly slowed during a crash. The head restraint of the invention softens the blow to the brain while maintaining the same features provided by existing HANS devices.
Referring to the figures, head protective device 10 is shown. Head protective device 10 includes collar portion 12 having right side 14, left side 16, neck facing side 18 (
Left leg 24 is connected to left side 16 of collar portion 12. Left leg 24 extends forwardly and downwardly from left side 16 of collar portion 12. In a preferred embodiment, collar portion 12, right leg 22, and left leg 24 are constructed of a single solid piece.
Upwardly extending head rest portion 30 is movably affixed to collar portion 12. Upwardly extending head rest portion 30 has base end 32. Base end 32 is adjacent to central collar portion 12. Upwardly extending head rest portion 30 additionally defines an upper end 34. In one embodiment, base end 32 is hingedly affixed to collar portion 12 with hinge member 36 (
In one embodiment, upwardly extending head rest portion 30 is constructed in a U shape that defines downwardly extending legs 38 wherein lower ends of downwardly extending legs 38 define base end 32. In one embodiment, upwardly extending head rest portion 30 further comprises connecting rod 40 (
Shock absorbing mechanism 50 is provided for resisting forward motion of upwardly extending head rest portion 30. Shock absorbing mechanism 50 has a lower end 52 that may be affixed to collar portion 12, e.g., with attachment bracket 51 (
In one embodiment, shock absorber member 50 is a predominantly metal closed hydraulic dampening device constructed of an external body, a shaft, a shaft to body seal, a fluid control piston, and fluid control metal piston shims. When assembled, a viscous fluid is contained around the piston, shaft, and shims inside the body and sealed by the shaft to body seal.
In one embodiment, shock absorber member 50 absorbs energy by creating resistance to input forces in both the compression and extension direction. This is achieved by metering the fluid flow through piston. As the shaft with piston is forced through the fluid in either direction, the piston, piston shims, and metering slots work together to slow down the shaft. This is done progressively based on piston port size and shape, shim diameters and thickness, the order in which the shims are stacked over piston ports, size and quantity of metering slots, and viscosity of fluid. Characteristics of shock absorber member 50 may be modified by manipulating these items. Therefore, an object may be slowed down in a progressive manner minimizing or eliminating the possibility of damage to the object.
A user's head is typically protected by helmet 60 (
Thus, the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and attain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherent therein. While presently preferred embodiments have been described for purposes of this disclosure, numerous changes and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such changes and modifications are encompassed within the spirit of this invention as defined by the claims.
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/377,338 titled “HEAD AND NECK RESTRAINT FOR AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANTS,” filed Aug. 19, 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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62377338 | Aug 2016 | US |