Headboard apparatus for holding a decorative cover and having diatomaceous earth incorporated therein for pest control

Description

BACKGROUND
1. Field

The invention relates generally to an apparatus for holding a decorative cover, a kit and a system including the same, a headboard apparatus comprising a substantially thermoplastic body, a furniture apparatus comprising diatomaceous earth, legume extracts, or both, and use of one of the apparatuses, kits, or systems to control a population of animals.

2. Related Art

Many bedrooms in homes and hotels, for example, include headboards, which may be attached to a head of a bed, or which may be attached to a wall proximate the head of the bed. Many conventional headboards include a decorative cover upholstered to a wooden frame. However, wood is disadvantageously difficult to clean, and upholstered decorative covers may be difficult or impossible to replace. Generally, once an upholstered cover is removed from a frame, the cover will be significantly damaged where it was attached, and either not reusable or reusable only on a smaller frame. Therefore, if such a headboard becomes infested with Cimex lectularius (also known as “bedbugs”) or if there is a desire to change the decorative cover for a new colour scheme, for example, then generally such conventional headboards must be discarded and replaced. Discarding and replacing headboards is wasteful and environmentally damaging, and may be very expensive or cost-prohibitive for large institutions such as hotels, for example. Further, in some institutions such as hotels for example, closing large parts or all of the hotel for bedbug or other pest removal can result in significant loss of revenue.

There have been attempts to attach decorative covers by techniques other than conventional upholstery. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,508,506 to Fridolph (“Fridolph”) discloses receiving fastener heads, which are around a perimeter of a decorative panel, in respective recesses on a frame, and then in respective slots adjacent the recesses. The slots hold the fastener heads, and thus the decorative panel, to the frame. However, such a technique attaches the decorative panel only at discrete locations of the fastener heads, thereby leaving unsightly gaps along the perimeter of the decorative panel between the discrete locations where the decorative panel is attached. Further, to position the fastener heads in the slots, the fastener heads must be received in the respective recesses and then slid from the respective recesses into the adjacent slots. Disadvantageously, sliding the fastener heads from respective recesses into respective slots may require stretching or deforming the decorative panel. Further, the fastener heads may have to be spaced a minimum distance from the decorative panel to permit such sliding, and because of such spacing the fastener heads may not hold the decorative panel close to the frame. The decorative panel may therefore not be tightly held against the frame, disadvantageously giving the decorative panel a loose or saggy appearance. It is believed that at least because of such disadvantages, a headboard as disclosed by Fridolph would not be commercially viable and is unlikely to have been produced commercially.

Also, U.S. Pat. No. 5,195,195 to Murray (“Murray”) discloses covering a front side of a headboard with fabric, and positioning tubing in a groove in a back side of the headboard to hold the fabric in the groove under the tubing. However, such a technique requires carefully positioning the fabric on the headboard, and maintaining the fabric in position while the tubing is positioned in the groove. Simultaneously holding the fabric and positioning the tubing is disadvantageously cumbersome and time-consuming. Again, it is believed that at least because of such disadvantages, a headboard as disclosed by Murray would not be commercially viable and is unlikely to have been produced commercially.

Some known methods of controlling bedbug and other pest populations involve using certain pesticides, but some pesticides may be harmful to humans and to other life. Other known methods of controlling bedbug populations include applying diatomaceous earth, but known methods of applying diatomaceous earth can be cumbersome. For example, known methods of applying diatomaceous earth may undesirably require handling the diatomaceous earth. Further, known methods may be sufficiently complex so as to require professional involvement, which may undesirably add to cost and delay of bedbug treatment.

SUMMARY

According to one illustrative embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for holding a decorative cover. The apparatus comprises: a body having front and rear opposite sides, the front side of the body having a front surface having a perimeter, the rear side of the body having a rear surface, and the body having an outwardly facing lateral surface between the front and rear surfaces; and a first connector on the body, the first connector detachably connectable, continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter of the front surface, to a second connector, complementary to the first connector, on the decorative cover.

The first connector may be on the lateral surface. The first connector may comprise a hook side of a hook-and-loop connector. The first connector may comprise a loop side of a hook-and-loop connector.

The first connector may extend adjacent at least a majority of the perimeter of the front surface. The first connector may extend adjacent substantially the entire perimeter of the front surface.

The apparatus may further comprise a third connector for mounting the apparatus on a wall. The third connector may comprise a first edge on the rear side of the body for coupling with a complementary edge on a fourth connector mounted to the wall. The third connector may comprise a first plurality of spaced apart edges on the rear side of the body for coupling with respective complementary edges on the fourth connector.

The apparatus may further comprise a fifth connector for mounting the apparatus on a wall. The fifth connector may comprise a second edge on the rear side of the body for coupling with the complementary edge on the fourth connector. The second edge may extend non-parallel to the first edge. The second edge may extend perpendicular to the first edge. The fifth connector may comprise a second plurality of spaced apart edges on the rear side of the body for coupling with the respective complementary edges on the fourth connector.

The apparatus may further comprise a bed frame connector for connecting the body to a bed frame. The bed frame connector may comprise at least one receptacle defined by the body for receiving at least one respective support attachable to the bed frame.

The apparatus may further comprise a light source connector for connecting a light source proximate the lateral surface. The light source may comprise a plurality of lights in a light string, and the light source connector may comprise a plurality of clips for holding the light string proximate the lateral surface. The lateral surface of the body may comprise a translucent portion for transmitting light from the light source. The apparatus may further comprise a translucent cover connectable to the lateral surface of the body for covering the light source.

The body may define a storage compartment on the rear side of the body for storing objects.

The apparatus may further comprise an inclination measuring device for measuring inclination of the body. The inclination measuring device may comprise a bubble level.

The front surface may define a recess for receiving padding between the body and the decorative cover. The body may define a plurality of through-openings extending between the front and rear surfaces, the through-openings for receiving respective fasteners receivable through the padding and through the decorative cover to compress the padding in respective regions surrounding the respective fasteners. The front surface may comprise a generally flat planar portion and an inward-facing portion between the generally flat planar portion and the lateral surface of the body. The generally flat planar portion of the front surface and the inward-facing portion of the front surface may define the recess. An adjacent similar apparatus may be stackable against the rear side of the body. The body may define a first projection having the lateral surface and the inward-facing portion of the front surface, and at least a portion of the lateral surface may be positioned to contact at least a portion of the inward-facing portion of the front surface of an adjacent similar apparatus such that the adjacent similar apparatus is stackable against the rear side of the body when the at least the portion of the lateral surface contacts the at least the portion of the inward-facing portion of the front surface of the adjacent similar apparatus.

The body may define, on the rear surface, at least one additional projection configured to contact the adjacent similar apparatus when the adjacent similar apparatus is stacked against the rear side of the body.

The body may be substantially thermoplastic. The body may comprise carbon plastic. The body may comprise a PA1b-related peptide incorporated in the body. The body may further comprise saponin incorporated in the body. The body may comprise diatomaceous earth incorporated in the body. The diatomaceous earth may be about 30% by weight of the body.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a kit comprising the apparatus and the decorative cover.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a kit comprising the apparatus, the padding, and the decorative cover.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a system comprising the apparatus and the decorative cover, wherein the first connector is connected to the second connector such that the decorative cover covers at least a portion of the front surface of the body surrounded by the perimeter of the front surface of the body.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a system comprising the apparatus, the padding, and the decorative cover, wherein the first connector is connected to the second connector such that the decorative cover covers at least a portion of the front surface of the body surrounded by the perimeter of the front surface of the body, and such that the decorative cover holds the padding between the body and the decorative cover and in the recess for receiving padding.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a headboard apparatus comprising a substantially thermoplastic body having a holder for holding a decorative cover. The body may comprise carbon plastic.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a furniture apparatus comprising at least one substantially thermoplastic body and a PA1b-related peptide incorporated in one or more of the at least one body. The body may further comprise saponin incorporated in the body. The body may further comprise diatomaceous earth incorporated in the body. The diatomaceous earth may be about 30% by weight of the one or more of the at least one body. The at least one body may comprise carbon plastic.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided a furniture apparatus comprising at least one substantially thermoplastic body and diatomaceous earth incorporated in one or more of the at least one body. The diatomaceous earth may be about 30% by weight of the one or more of the at least one body. The at least one body may comprise carbon plastic.

The furniture apparatus may comprise an apparatus for holding a decorative cover.

The furniture apparatus may comprise a bed. The at least one substantially thermoplastic body may comprise at least one support for contacting a floor of a room, and the bed may comprise a platform supportable by the at least one support and configured to support a mattress on the platform.

The furniture apparatus may comprise a table. The at least one substantially thermoplastic body may comprise at least one support for contacting a floor of a room, and the table may comprise a platform supportable by the at least one support.

The furniture apparatus may comprise a dresser or a nightstand.

The diatomaceous earth may comprise CELATOM™ MN-51. The diatomaceous earth may have a median particle diameter of about 15 microns. The diatomaceous earth may have a median particle diameter of more than about 14 microns. The diatomaceous earth may be about 5.6% CaO. The diatomaceous earth may comprise more than about 0.9% CaO. The diatomaceous earth may be about 7.8% Al₂O₃. The diatomaceous earth may comprise more than about 5.6% Al₂O₃. The diatomaceous earth may have a pH of about 7.5 in a 10% slurry. The diatomaceous earth may have a pH of more than about 7.0 in a 10% slurry. The diatomaceous earth may be about 73.6% SiO₂. The diatomaceous earth may be less than about 83.7% SiO₂. The diatomaceous earth may be about 1.8% Fe₂O₃. The diatomaceous earth may be less than about 2.3% Fe₂O₃. The diatomaceous earth may comprise less than about 5.0% H₂O by weight. The diatomaceous earth may be about 3.0% H₂O by weight. The diatomaceous earth may absorb water in an amount of about 165% by weight. The diatomaceous earth may be about 0.3% MgO. The diatomaceous earth may be heat-treated. The diatomaceous earth may be flash dried. The diatomaceous earth may be flash dried at about 480° C.

According to another illustrative embodiment, there is provided use of the apparatus, the kit, or the system to control one or more of a population of animals having exoskeletons, a population of arthropods, a population of arachnids, a population of insects, and a population of Cimex lectularius.

Other aspects and features will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In drawings of illustrative embodiments:

FIG. 1 is an oblique view of an illustrative room;

FIG. 2 is an exploded oblique view of a headboard system of the room of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a decorative cover of the headboard system of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front oblique view of a body of the headboard system of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a rear oblique view of the body of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the body of FIG. 4 along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the body of FIG. 4 along the line VII-VII in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative system of bodies including the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an oblique view of an electrical switch on the body of FIG. 4;

FIG. 10 is a partial oblique view of the body FIG. 4 and a cleat of the headboard system of FIG. 2;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the headboard system of FIG. 2 including the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative system of bodies including the cross-sectional view of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a front oblique view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 15 is a rear oblique view of the body of FIG. 14 and of an illustrative cleat;

FIG. 16 is a partial rear oblique view of the body of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a front plan view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 18 is a rear oblique view of the body of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the body of FIG. 17 along the line XIX-XIX in FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 is a rear oblique view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 21 is a rear plan view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 22 is a front plan view of an illustrative French cleat;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative system including the body of FIG. 21 and the French cleat of FIG. 22 taken along the lines XXIII-XXIII in FIGS. 21 and 22;

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative system including a cross-sectional view of the body of FIG. 21 taken along the line XXIV-XXIV in FIG. 21;

FIG. 25 is a rear oblique view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 26 is a front elevational view of another illustrative body;

FIG. 27 is a front elevational view of another illustrative body; and

FIG. 28 is a front elevational view of another illustrative body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, an illustrative room includes a floor 86, a wall 88, and an illustrative furniture system shown generally at 90 and including a nightstand 92, a dresser 94, a bed 96, a mattress 98, and a headboard system 100.

Referring to FIG. 2, the headboard system 100 includes a decorative cover 102, padding 104, a body 106, and a wall-mountable cleat 108. The decorative cover 102 in the embodiment shown includes a generally rectangular portion 110 having an outer surface 112. The outer surface 112 may include any decorative colours, ornamentation, or pattern, for example. The decorative cover 102 also includes lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 extending generally from a perimeter of the generally rectangular portion 110 and generally perpendicular to the generally rectangular portion 110. The generally rectangular portion 110 and the lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 may be made from any commonly available fabric and may be stitched together, for example.

Referring to FIG. 3, the lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 have respective inner surfaces 122, 124, 126 and 128 facing the generally rectangular portion 110. The lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 also have respective outer edges 130, 132, 134, and 136. The decorative cover 102 also has a connector 138 on the inner surfaces 122, 124, 126, and 128 proximate the outer edges 130, 132, 134, and 136. In the embodiment shown, the connector 138 is a so-called “loop side” of a hook-and-loop connector, such as the hook-and-loop connector commonly known as VELCRO™ for example.

Referring back to FIG. 2, the padding 104 in the embodiment shown includes a generally rectangular body made from one or more of many commonly available foam materials. In alternative embodiments, the padding 104 may include an air bladder or feather padding, for example. Therefore the padding 104 in some embodiments may be selected to avoid undesired allergens, for example. The padding 104 may include a fire-retardant substance as may be required by law. Further, the padding 104 is sized to be received in a recess shown generally at 140 in FIG. 3 and defined by the generally rectangular portion 110 and the lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 of the decorative cover 102.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the body 106 has a front side shown generally at 142 and having a front surface 144 having a perimeter 146. The body 106 also has a rear side shown generally at 148 opposite the front side 142 and having a rear surface 150. The body 106 also has an outwardly facing lateral surface 152 between the front surface 144 and the rear surface 150. Further, a connector 154 is on the body 106 continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter 146 of the front surface 144. In the embodiment shown, the connector 154 is a so-called “hook side” of a hook-and-loop connector, such as the hook-loop-connector commonly known as VELCRO™ for example.

Therefore, the connector 154 (which may be referred to as “a first connector” or more generally as “a holder”) on the body 106 is detachably connectable to the connector 138 (which may be referred to as “a second connector”) on the decorative cover 102. In the embodiment shown, the connector 138 on the decorative cover 102 and the connector 154 on the body 106 are so-called “loop side” and “hook side” sides respectively of a hook-and-loop connector, and thus the connector 154 on the body 106 is complementary to the connector 138 on the decorative cover 102.

In alternative embodiments, the decorative cover 102 may include a “hook side” of a hook-and-loop connector and the body 106 may include a “loop side” of the hook-and-loop connector, for example. Also, although the connector 154 is on the lateral surface 152 of the body 106 in the embodiment shown, the connector 154 may be on the front surface 144 or on the rear surface 150, for example, in alternative embodiments. Thus, “adjacent the perimeter 146” in this context does not require the connector 154 to adjoin or be precisely on the perimeter 146, but rather it includes embodiments where the connector 154 is close enough to the perimeter 146 that when the connector 154 is connected to the connector 138, the decorative cover 102 appears to cover at least a portion of the front surface 144 surrounded by the perimeter 146 such that the headboard system 100 generally functions as a headboard or more generally as a decorative panel.

Further, in the embodiment shown, the connector 154 extends adjacent the entire perimeter 146 of the front surface 144. However, in alternative embodiments, the connector 154 may extend adjacent substantially the entire perimeter 146 of the front surface 144, or the connector 154 may extend adjacent at least a majority of the perimeter 146 of the front surface 144. The connector 154 may be considered to extend adjacent “substantially” the entire perimeter 146 of the front surface 144 if the connector 154 extends adjacent a sufficient portion of the perimeter 146 such that the connector 154 is connectable to the connector 138 on the decorative cover 102 such that the decorative cover 102 appears to be connected continuously on the body 106.

Still referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, the body 106 defines a projection 156 having the lateral surface 152 and an inward-facing surface 158. In the embodiment shown, the front surface 144 of the body 106 includes the inward-facing surface 158 of the projection 156, and a generally flat planar portion 160. Further, the inward-facing surface 158 is between the generally flat planar portion 160 and the lateral surface 152 of the body 106. The inward-facing surface 158 and the generally flat planar portion 160 define a recess shown generally at 162 for receiving the padding 104 between the body 106 and the decorative cover 102.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the body 106 defines through-openings shown generally at 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, and 180 in the generally flat planar portion 160 of the front surface 144 and extending between the front surface 144 and the rear surface 150. As shown in FIG. 5, on the rear side 148, the body 106 defines respective cleats proximate the through-openings 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, and 180. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the body 106 defines a cleat 182 on the rear side 148 and proximate the through-opening 172. The cleat 182 includes a relatively wide portion shown generally at 184, and a relatively narrow portion shown generally at 186 between the relatively wide portion 184 and the rear surface 150. The cleat 182 thus permits a thread or string that is passed through the through-opening 172 to be tied around the relatively narrow portion 186 and held in position by the relatively wide portion 184.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the padding 104 may be received in the recess 162 of the body 106, and also in the recess 140 (also shown in FIG. 3) of the decorative cover 102. For example, using a needle (not shown), thread or string may be passed through one or more of the through-openings 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, and 180, through the padding 104 and the decorative cover 102, through a button (not shown), and back through the decorative cover 102, the padding 104, and the through-openings of the body 106. The thread or string may then be fastened to a respective cleat, such as the cleat 182 shown in FIG. 6, for example. Therefore, the through-openings and respective cleats permit respective buttons (not shown) to be pulled against the decorative cover 102 and the padding 104 to compress regions of the padding 104 proximate the buttons to impart a textured appearance to the outer surface 112 of the decorative cover 102. In that example, the buttons and thread or string function as fasteners received through the through-openings, through the padding 104, and through the decorative cover 102 to compress the padding 104 in respective regions surrounding the respective fasteners.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the body 106 defines additional through-openings 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, and 200 extending between the front surface 144 and the rear surface 150. Such additional through-openings in some embodiments may reduce weight and production cost of the body 106. In alternative embodiments, the through-openings 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, and 200 may be omitted or may have different shapes, or may alternatively be closed with a thin film of thermoplastic material (not shown). Such a thin film of thermoplastic material in some embodiments may protect padding (such as the padding 104 shown in FIG. 2, for example) by preventing such padding from passing through the through-openings 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, and 200, or by preventing objects that may damage the padding from passing through the through-openings 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, and 200.

Referring to FIG. 5, on the rear side 148, the body 106 in the embodiment shown also defines a plurality of structural ribs, such as illustrative structural ribs 202 and 204 to impart additional strength to the body 106.

Referring to FIG. 7, in the embodiment shown, the projection 156 extends at an oblique angle 206 from the generally flat planar portion 160 of the body 106, and the body 106 also defines a projection 208 on the rear side 148 extending generally perpendicularly from the generally flat planar portion 160. In the embodiment shown, the connector 154 is on the projection 208, and the lateral surface 152 is on the projection 156 and 208. However, in alternative embodiments, the connector 154 may be on the projection 156 or, as indicated above, on the front surface 144 or on the rear surface 150.

Referring to FIG. 8, the body 106 is stackable against an adjacent similar body 210 on the front side 142 of the body 106, and against an adjacent similar body 212 on the rear side 148 of the body 106. In the embodiment shown, the adjacent similar body 210 has a lateral surface 214 that is substantially the same as the lateral surface 152 of the body 106, and the lateral surfaces 152 and 214 are positioned such that a portion of the lateral surface 214 of the adjacent similar body 210 contacts a portion of the inward-facing surface 158 of the body 106 when the adjacent similar body 210 is received in the recess 162 of the body 106 and stacked against the front side 142. Further, the adjacent similar body 212 has an inward-facing surface 216 that is substantially the same as the inward-facing surface 158 of the body 106, and at least a portion of the lateral surface 152 of the body 106 contacts at least a portion of the inward-facing surface 216 of the adjacent similar body 212 when the adjacent similar body 212 is stacked against the rear side 148 of the body 106.

Referring back to FIG. 5, the body 106 defines additional projections 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, and 234 on the rear side 148. Referring back to FIG. 7, the projection 218 defines a cavity 236 and an opening shown generally at 238 on the rear side 148 of the body 106 and in communication with the cavity 236. The body 106 also defines an opening 240 extending between the front surface 144 of the body 106 and the cavity 236. Referring back to FIG. 5, the projections 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, and 234 are substantially the same as the projection 218 and define respective openings shown generally at 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, and 256 that are substantially the same as the opening 238. In general, the openings 238, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, and 256 face inwardly from respective cavities in the respective projections.

Referring back to FIG. 8, the adjacent similar bodies 210 and 212 have respective projections 258 and 260 that are substantially the same as the projection 218. When the adjacent similar body 210 is stacked against the front side 142 of the body 106, the projection 258 of the adjacent similar body 210 contacts the front surface 144 of the body 106, and when the adjacent similar body 212 is stacked against the rear side 148 of the body 106, the projection 218 contacts a front surface 262 of the adjacent similar body 212 that is substantially the same as the front surface 144 of the body 106. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 8, the projections 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 258, and 260 in some embodiments may thus increase contact between stacked bodies such as the stacked bodies 106, 210, and 212 as illustrated in FIG. 8, for example, and such embodiments may thus have added stability in a stacked system of bodies, such as the stacked system shown in FIG. 8 for example.

Referring back to FIG. 5, on the rear side 148, the body 106 also has a plurality of clips, such as illustrative clips 264 and 266, proximate the projection 208. Referring back to FIG. 7, the clip 266 includes a deformable curled portion 268 for detachably receiving a light source (not shown) such as a light string of light-emitting diodes (“LEDs”), for example. Thus, referring back to FIG. 5, the plurality of clips shown proximate the projection 208 function as a light source connector to connect such a light string to the body 106 substantially around a perimeter of the rear surface 150 of the body 106. Alternative connectors for the light source may include tape, for example.

Still referring to FIG. 5, electrical switches 270 and 272 are positioned on the projection 208 of the body 106 through the lateral surface 152. Referring to FIG. 9, the electrical switch 270 is illustrated, and the electrical switch 272 is substantially the same. The electrical switches 270 and 272 in the embodiment shown are three-way switches, and thus both can be connected to a light source (not shown) such that either electrical switch 270 or 272 can turn the light source on or off. The body 106 may also have a voltage converter (not shown) to supply an appropriate voltage to the light string of LEDs, for example.

Referring back to FIG. 7, the projection 208 in the embodiment shown includes a translucent portion 274 for transmitting light from a light source (not shown) held in the clips such as the clips 264 and 266. Alternative embodiments may include a detachable translucent cover, or alternatively the translucent portion 274 may be omitted to leave a gap in the body 106 in place of the translucent portion 274, through which light may pass. Although in the embodiment shown the only translucent portion is the translucent portion 274, in alternative embodiments other portions or substantially all of the body 106 may be translucent, in which embodiments the body 106 may be formed of a single type of thermoplastic material.

Referring back to FIG. 2, the cleat 108 defines a plurality of through-openings, such as illustrative through-openings 276 and 278, for receiving fasteners (not shown) to mount the cleat 108 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1). Such through-openings are elongate in the embodiment shown to permit fasteners (not shown) to be attached to studs (not shown) in the wall, and to permit the cleat 108 to be slidable relative to such fasteners, which in some embodiments may enable the cleat 108 to be mounted on a wall in a position that may not be unduly restricted by positions of such studs. The cleat 108 also includes projections 280, 282, and 284 having respective upper edges 286, 288, and 290. The projections 280, 282, and 284 in the embodiment shown are spaced apart by a common spacing distance, and referring back to FIG. 5, the openings 238, 242, and 244, the openings 246, 248, and 250, and the openings 252, 254, and 256 are spaced apart by the same spacing distance. Therefore, in one embodiment, the openings 238, 242, and 244 may receive the projections 284, 282, and 280 respectively to mount the body 106 on the wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1) to which the cleat 108 may be mounted. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates the projections 280 and 282 received in the openings 244 and 242 respectively.

In some embodiments, projections such as the projections 280, 282, and 284 may function as latches that cooperate with inner surfaces of projections such as the projections 222, 220, and 218 such that the projections 280, 282, and 284 are releasably held within the projections 222, 220, and 218 respectively, and such that the projections 280, 282, and 284 may be temporarily deformed to release the body 106 from the cleat 108. The projections 280, 282, and 284 in the embodiment shown are accessible from the front side 142 of the body 106, and may thus function as release switches to release the body 106 from the cleat 108, and in some embodiments may hold the body 106 on the cleat 108 such that the body 106 can only be released from the cleat 108 when the decorative cover 102 and padding 104 have been removed. Such releasable connection in such embodiments may further secure the body 106, padding 104, and decorative cover 102 to a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1).

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 5, respective spaced apart edges of the projections 218, 220, and 222 thus function as a connector on the body 106 for mounting the body 106 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1). Further, the plurality of spaced apart upper edges 286, 288, and 290 of the projections 280, 282, and 284 respectively thus function as a connector complementary to such a connector on the body 106.

Still referring to FIGS. 2 and 5, the projections 280, 282, and 284 of the cleat 108 may alternatively be received in the openings 246, 248, and 250 respectively of the projections 224, 226, and 228 respectively. The projections 224, 226, and 228 include edges that are complementary to the upper edges 286, 288, and 290 respectively of the projections 280, 282, and 284 respectively, and such edges in the projections 224, 226, and 228 are generally perpendicular, and more generally non-parallel, to substantially similar edges in the projections 218, 220, and 222. The body 106 may thus be hung in a manner perpendicular to the manner shown in FIG. 10. Further, the projections 284, 282, and 280 of the cleat 108 may also be received in the openings 252, 254, and 256 respectively of the projections 230, 232, and 234 respectively, again mounting the body 106 perpendicular to the manner shown in FIG. 10. The plurality of respective spaced apart edges of the projections 224, 226, and 228 thus also function as another connector for mounting the body 106 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1), and the plurality of respective spaced apart edges of the projections 230, 232, and 234 also function as a connector for mounting the apparatus body 106 on a wall.

Referring back to FIG. 5, the body 106 in the embodiment shown defines, on the rear side 148, a storage compartment 292 for storing objects. For example, it may be desirable to store small but valuable objects invisibly within the headboard system 100 (shown in FIG. 2). In some embodiments, the storage compartment 292 may hold one or more of buttons, a needle, and thread to impart a textured appearance to the outer surface 112 of the decorative cover 102 as described above, for example. In the embodiment shown, the storage compartment 292 is open at an opening shown generally at 294 on a top side of the storage compartment 292. However, in alternative embodiments, the storage compartment 292 may include a removable cover, for example.

Referring back to FIG. 2, in the embodiment shown, the body 106 has an inclination measuring device 296 on the front side 142. The cleat 108 also includes an inclination measuring device 298. The inclination measuring devices 296 and 298 in the embodiment shown are removable bubble levels, which in some embodiments may reveal an inclination of the body 106 and the cleat 108 respectively relative to gravitational force. Such inclination information in such embodiments may assist in positioning the cleat 108 and the body 106 level in a room, for example.

Referring to FIG. 11, the headboard system 100 is shown assembled such that the padding 104 is received in the recess 162 of the body 106 and in the recess 140 of the decorative cover 102. The lateral portions 114, 116, 118, and 120 are positioned over the lateral surface 152 of the body 106 and the connector 154 on the decorative cover 102 is detachably connected to the connector 138 on the body 106, leaving the outer surface 112 exposed to decorate a room, for example. The body 106 in the embodiment shown thus functions as an apparatus for holding the decorative cover 102, and may thus function as a headboard for a bed in some embodiments.

The hook-and-loop connectors 138 and 154 in the embodiment shown may avoid time and expense that would be involved with upholstering the decorative cover 102 to the body 106. If there is a desire to change the decorative cover 102, for example to update the outer surface 112 to reflect a new colour scheme, then the decorative cover 102 may be replaced simply by detaching the hook-and-loop connectors 138 and 154 and reattaching a connector 138 of a new decorative cover 102 to the connector 154 of the body 106.

In the embodiment shown, the body 106 and the cleat 108 are substantially thermoplastic and may be formed from high-density polyethylene or polypropylene, for example, although other thermoplastic materials, such as carbon plastic for example, may alternatively be used. The body 106 and the cleat 108 may include materials that are not thermoplastic, such as the electrical switches 270 and 272 and the inclination measuring devices 296 and 298 for example, but still be “substantially” thermoplastic. In general, a “substantially” thermoplastic body may include principal structural elements that may be formed in a mold, which may permit relatively inexpensive production of a large number of such bodies, but such a “substantially” thermoplastic body may also include elements that are not thermoplastic, such as elements of the electrical switches 270 and 272 and elements of the inclination measuring devices 296 and 298 for example. The body 106 and the cleat 108 may be made from any commonly available thermoplastic material, which may include an additive such as an additive known as ECOPURE™ available from Bio-Tec Environmental, LLC of Albuquerque, N. Mex., for example. Alternative embodiments may include other materials, which may not be thermoplastic in some embodiments.

If the headboard system 100 becomes infested with bedbugs, for example, then the decorative cover 102 and the padding 104 may be removed from the body 106 and either discarded or cleaned and replaced. For example, to kill bedbugs, the decorative cover 102 may be laundered and the padding 104 may be simply left in storage for a sufficient period of time, among other possibilities. Further, the body 106 is substantially thermoplastic and thus may be readily cleaned, and a new or cleaned decorative cover 102 and new or cleaned padding 104 may be installed on the cleaned body 106, which in some embodiments may avoid waste, expense, and environmental damage of replacing entire headboards. Such reduced waste and expense may be particularly advantageous in large institutions such as hotels for example, where responding to bedbug infestations can be very costly. Further, if it is desired to change an appearance of the decorative cover 102 or to change the padding 104, for example, then only those components need be replaced, which may reduce costs to change décor or padding material in one or more rooms or in an entire hotel, for example.

More generally, the headboard system 100 may be more hygienic than known headboards, such as upholstered headboards for example, because the substantially thermoplastic body 106 in some embodiments may be sanitized or otherwise cleaned, and the decorative cover 102 and the padding 104 may be removed, cleaned, and replaced, whereas similar components in upholstered headboards, for example, generally cannot be reused and must be discarded once removed. Therefore, some embodiments of a substantially thermoplastic body having any holder for holding a decorative cover in a headboard may be advantageous over many known headboards.

Further, one or both of the body 106 and the cleat 108 may include diatomaceous earth incorporated therein. In one embodiment, diatomaceous earth is incorporated in the body 106 by adding the diatomaceous earth to the thermoplastic material of the body 106 when the thermoplastic material is in a liquid phase before the thermoplastic material is injected into a mold. In one embodiment, about 30% by weight of the body 106 is diatomaceous earth. Further, additional diatomaceous earth may be adhered to the outwardly facing lateral surface 152 or other surfaces of the body 106. In some experiments, it has been found that bodies including diatomaceous earth in that manner effectively kill bedbugs that are in proximity to such a body. In one such experiment, such a body continued to cause death to bedbugs for at least one year after the body was manufactured. Therefore, such materials may further prevent or reduce bedbug infestations, which can be very costly in large institutions such as hotels, for example.

The diatomaceous earth in some embodiments may include CELATOM™ MN-51, which is available from EP Minerals, LLC of 9785 Gateway Drive, Suite 1000, Reno, Nev., United States of America, and which may be heat-treated or flash dried at about 900° F. (about 480° C.) or at other temperatures, for example. In one embodiment, flash drying diatomaceous earth involves heating the diatomaceous earth at about 900° F. (about 480° C.) for about 15 seconds. It is believed that such heat treatment or flash drying may change the characteristics of the diatomaceous earth to be more abrasive and thus more damaging to animal exoskeletons, or more particularly to bedbug exoskeletons, and that such heat treatment or flash drying may also dry out the diatomaceous earth, thereby making the diatomaceous earth more absorbent to dehydrate and kill an animal such as bedbug and potentially more effective in various embodiments including the various embodiments described herein.

The diatomaceous earth known as CELATOM™ MN-51 may be particularly effective in some embodiments, and such diatomaceous earth is believed to have the following properties.

TABLE 1

Properties of CELATOM ™ MN-51.

Structure
Natural

Colour
Beige

G.E. Brightness
75

Sieve Analysis (Tyler)
6.5

% + 325 Mesh (>44 microns)

Median Particle Diameter (microns)
15.0

pH (10% slurry)
7.5

Free Moisture

(Maximum % H₂O)
Less than 5.0

(Typical % H₂O)
3.0

Density
(lb/ft³)
(g/l)

Wet Bulk
24
385

Dry Bulk
11
176

Specific Gravity
2.00

Refractive Index
1.46

Oil Absorption (ASTM F 726-81) % by weight
150

Water Absorption (ASTM F 726-81) % by weight
165

Chemical Analysis

SiO₂
73.6%

Al₂O₃
7.8%

Fe₂O₃
1.8%

CaO
5.6%

MgO
0.3%

Other Oxides
2.3%

Loss on Ignition
5.5%

In an alternative embodiment, the diatomaceous earth may include diatomaceous earth known as CELATOM™ MN-53, which is also available from EP Minerals, LLC of 9785 Gateway Drive, Suite 1000, Reno, Nev., United States of America. The diatomaceous earth known as CELATOM™ MN-53 is believed to have the following properties.

TABLE 2

Properties of CELATOM ™ MN-53.

Structure
Natural

Colour
Beige

G.E. Brightness
65

Sieve Analysis (Tyler)
5.0

% + 325 Mesh (>44 microns)

Median Particle Diameter (microns)
14.0

pH (10% slurry)
7.0

Free Moisture

(Maximum % H₂O)
Less than 5.0

(Typical % H₂O)
3.0

Density
(lb/ft³)
(g/l)

Wet Bulk
31
500

Dry Bulk
11
175

Specific Gravity
2.00

Refractive Index
1.46

Oil Absorption (ASTM F 726-81) % by weight
150

Water Absorption (ASTM F 726-81) % by weight
165

Chemical Analysis

SiO₂
83.7%

Al₂O₃
5.6%

Fe₂O₃
2.3%

CaO
0.9%

MgO
0.3%

Other Oxides
1.9%

Loss on Ignition
5.0%

In one experiment on Jun. 23, 2011, small plastic Petri dishes available from Gelman Sciences™, each about 5.0 centimeters (“cm”) or about 2.0 inches in diameter, were used in bioassays. A small opening of about 1.5 cm (or about 0.6 inches) in diameter was cut in the lid and closed with a piece of gauze to allow air for bedbug breathing. The Petri dishes were lined with a filter paper about 4.25 cm (or about 1.7 inches) in diameter. Diatomaceous earth was weighed and spread uniformly over the filter paper with forceps. Ten adult field-collected bedbugs were introduced in each of the Petri dishes, and the lids were placed over them to prevent their escape. Petri dishes were transferred in a plastic box lined with paper towels sprayed with water to maintain humidity in the box. Experiments were conducted at room temperature, and mortality was noted 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the bedbugs were introduced into of the Petri dishes. Four concentrations, between about 0.5 and about 2.0 milligrams (“mg”), were used to calculate a lowest lethal concentration sufficient to kill 50% of the bedbugs (“LC₅₀”) of each product. There was a single replication of 10 bedbugs each.

Tables 3 and 4 below show mortality data from the Jun. 23, 2011 experiment, where L refers to a number of bedbugs still living after a corresponding time given in the tables, and D refers to a number that died after the time given.

TABLE 3

Toxicity of adult bedbugs to CELATOM ™ MN-51

Amount of CELATOM ™ MN-51

Time
2.0 mg

1.0 mg

0.8 mg

0.5 mg

(hours)
L
D
L
D
L
D
L
D

48
0
10
3
7
4
6
5
5

72

0
3
0
4
0
5

TABLE 4

Toxicity of adult bedbugs to CELATOM ™ MN-53.

Amount of CELATOM ™ MN-53

Time
2.0 mg

1.0 mg

0.8 mg

0.5 mg

(hours)
L
D
L
D
L
D
L
D

48
6
4
9
1
7
3
8
2

72
6
4
9
1
7
3
8
2

96
0
6
4
6
6
4
7
3

All of the bedbugs died in CELATOM™ MN-51 diatomaceous earth after 48 hours. Therefore, LC₅₀for CELATOM™ MN-51 was calculated for 48 hours only, and LC₅₀after 48 hours for CELATOM™ MN-51 was calculated as 0.7 mg. The data after 48 hours for CELATOM™ MN-53 were not good for calculation, and therefore LC₅₀for CELATOM™ MN-53 was calculated after 96 hours as 0.8 mg (0.552-1.052).

The relatively low LC₅₀for CELATOM™ MN-51 suggests that CELATOM™ MN-51 may be more toxic for bedbugs than CELATOM™ MN-53, and that CELATOM™ MN-51 may be particularly effective for the control of insects, or more particularly for the control of bedbugs.

In another experiment on Feb. 1, 2012, six Petri dishes (each about 5.0 cm or about 2.0 inches in diameter) were sprayed with an aerosol including CELATOM™ MN-51, and a thin coating of the CELATOM™ MN-51 remained after drying; those six Petri dishes were used for an experimental group. An additional six Petri dishes (each 5.0 cm or about 2.0 inches in diameter) did not receive the aerosol or the diatomaceous earth; those six Petri dishes were used for a control group. Five bedbugs were introduced into each of the 12 Petri dishes, and lids were applied to prevent the bedbugs from escaping. Mortality was assessed 3, 15, 18, and 24 hours after the bedbugs were introduced into the Petri dishes, and there was no mortality in the control group. Mortality in the experimental group is shown in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5

Number of bedbugs dead from aerosol including

CELATOM ™ MN-51.

Petri
Number

dish
dead
Number dead
Number dead
Number dead

number
after 3 hours
after 15 hours
after 18 hours
after 24 hours

1
0
5
5
5

2
0
2
3
5

3
0
5
5
5

4
0
4
5
5

5
0
5
5
5

6
0
3
3
5

Total
0
24
26
30

Thus, in the Feb. 1, 2012 experiment, all of the bedbugs exposed to the aerosol including CELATOM™ MN-51 died within 24 hours, whereas none of the control group bedbugs died within 24 hours.

Another experiment on Feb. 12, 2012 involved plastic RUBBERMAID™ translucent boxes (about 73.6 cm×about 45.7 cm×about 33.7 cm, or about 29 inches×about 18 inches×about 13.3 inches), more particularly two such boxes as experimental boxes and two such boxes as control boxes. A section about 20 cm (or about 7.9 inches) wide in the center of each of the experimental boxes was sprayed with the aerosol including CELATOM™ MN-51 and allowed to dry. A piece of a field-collected sheet (about 50 cm×about 24 cm, or about 19.7 inches×about 7.9 inches) was lined on one side of each of the boxes and used as a stimulant. The sheet was collected from a home infested with bedbugs, and had eggs and many freshly fed bedbugs, but the bedbugs were collected from the sheet before placing pieces of the sheet into the boxes. Sides of the boxes opposite the pieces of the field-collected sheet were lined with a clean and new piece of cloth. Fifty adult bedbugs were introduced into each box on the clean cloth, and then the box was closed with a lid. The control boxes were similar to the experimental boxes but did not include the aerosol.

In all four of the boxes, the bedbugs moved from the sides of the boxes having the clean cloths to the sides of the boxes having the pieces of the field-collected sheet. There was no mortality in the control boxes after 48 hours, but after 24 hours, one of the experimental boxes had mortality of 43 of the 50 bedbugs, and the other of the experimental boxes had mortality of 45 of the 50 bedbugs. All of the bedbugs in the experimental boxes died after 48 hours. The bedbugs were found dead lying on their backs and dusted with the product from the aerosol. Therefore, it is believed that even a brief exposure as bedbugs cross an area treated with CELATOM™ MN-51 is sufficient to cause high mortality in the bedbugs.

It is also believed that when one bedbug contacts diatomaceous earth, that bedbug may spread the diatomaceous earth to other bedbugs, and therefore causing one bedbug to contact diatomaceous earth may cause death of several bedbugs. For example, in one experiment, a bedbug was allowed to contact diatomaceous earth and a fluorescent dye directly, and that bedbug was allowed to contact several other bedbugs that had not been allowed to contact the diatomaceous earth directly. It was found that many of the bedbugs that had not been allowed to contact the diatomaceous earth directly died shortly after contacting the bedbug that did contact the diatomaceous earth directly. Also, the fluorescent dye was observed on the bedbugs that died shortly after contacting the bedbug that did contact the diatomaceous earth directly, suggesting that such bedbugs came into contact with diatomaceous earth by contacting the bedbug that had contacted the diatomaceous earth directly. Therefore, it is believed that causing one bedbug to contacted diatomaceous earth directly may in some cases cause the deaths of several bedbugs.

In another experiment on Feb. 18, 2012, mortality of CELATOM™ MN-51 was compared with two commercially available insecticides, namely the insecticides known as ALPINE DUST™ and MOTHER EARTH™. The various products were weighed on a small filter paper, which was then placed in a Petri dish (about 5.0 cm or about 2 inches diameter). Bedbugs were introduced in the various Petri dishes, and mortality was assessed in each of the Petri dishes after 24 hours and after 48 hours. Four concentrations of each product were used, the concentrations ranging from 0.25 mg to 4 mg, and there were three replications of between 9 and 11 bedbugs in each replication. A probit analysis was used to calculate LC₅₀and LC₉₅(lowest lethal concentrations sufficient to kill 95% of the bedbugs) values and confidence intervals (“CIs”) for the LC₅₀and LC₉₅values, as shown in Table 6 below.

TABLE 6

LC₅₀, LC₉₅, and CI for CELATOM ™ MN-51,

ALPINE DUST ™, and MOTHER EARTH ™.

Product
Time (hours)
LC₅₀
CI of LC₅₀
LC₉₅
CI of LC₉₅

CELATOM ™
24
0.24
0.14-0.32
0.95
0.69-1.98

MN-51

ALPINE
24
6.36
3.83-29.27
52.57
15.88-3366

DUST ™

ALPINE
48
1.72
1.37-2.18
6.6
4.47-13.44

DUST ™

MOTHER
24
0.26
0.14-0.36
1.37
0.91-3.44

EARTH ™

The data in Table 6 show that CELATOM™ MN-51 required lower concentrations (specifically lower LC₅₀and LC₉₅, and lower CIs for those values) than ALPINE DUST™ and MOTHER EARTH™ in that experiment, and therefore it is believed that CELATOM™ MN-51 may generally be more effective than ALPINE DUST™ and MOTHER EARTH™ in controlling populations of bedbugs.

In general, it is believed that diatomaceous earth may damage exoskeletons of animals having exoskeletons, which damage may lead to dehydration and death of the animals. Therefore, it is believed that diatomaceous earth, and various apparatuses, kits, and systems such as those including diatomaceous earth as described herein, may be effective in the control of populations of one or more of animals having exoskeletons, arthropods, arachnids, insects, and bedbugs. Herein, “control” of an animal population may include prevention of growth or survival of such a population before discovery of the population, and also killing one or more members of such a population after discovery of the population. Diatomaceous earth is also a natural product, and in general, natural products may be preferable over other pest control products because natural products may be less harmful to humans or more generally to the environment. Animals that may desirably be killed by diatomaceous earth also include cockroaches, ants, fleas, and other pests.

Although CELATOM™ MN-51 and CELATOM™ MN-53 and other products have been discussed above, some embodiments may include other types of diatomaceous earth, which may be supplied by other suppliers. In general, such diatomaceous earth in some embodiments may be heat-treated or flash dried diatomaceous earth, such as diatomaceous earth flash dried at about 480° C. for about 15 seconds for example, or may more generally be modified diatomaceous earth. More generally, such diatomaceous earth may have one or more properties similar to one or more of the properties of CELATOM™ MN-51 or CELATOM™ MN-53 listed in Tables 1 and 2 above in order to achieve effects that may be similar to the effects of CELATOM™ MN-51 or CELATOM™ MN-53 described above.

Further, other embodiments may include products other than diatomaceous earth that may be effective to control bedbug populations or more generally as an insecticide or pesticide. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,101,408 describes various legume extracts, such as one or more of PA1b-related peptides, terpenoid saponins, triterpenoid saponin, soyasaponin I, soyasaponin II, soyasaponin III, soyasaponin VI, dehydrosoyasaponin I, echinocystic acid 3-glucoside, glycyrrhizic acid, hederacoside C, beta-escin, alpha-hederin, and other acetic acid precipitated insecticidal components. In various embodiments, one or both of diatomaceous earth and such legume extracts may be incorporated into thermoplastic bodies, for example by adding the diatomaceous earth, the legume extracts, or both to the thermoplastic material of the body when the thermoplastic material is in a liquid phase and before the thermoplastic material is injected into a mold.

Still referring to FIG. 11, the decorative cover 102 and the body 106 may be manufactured to have the hook-and-loop connectors 138 and 154 in predetermined positions on the decorative cover 102 and on the body 106 respectively, and such predetermined positions may be determined to impart a desired position and tension of the decorative cover 102 over the padding 104. Therefore, the decorative cover 102 may be installed with such a desired position and tension simply by aligning the connector 138 with the connector 154. Therefore, in the embodiment shown, the connector 154 on the body 106 complementary to the connector 138 on the decorative cover 102 may simplify holding the decorative cover 102 on the body 106 because a desirable position of decorative cover 102 on the body 106 may be predetermined by the respective positions of the complementary connectors 138 and 154, which may eliminate a need to position a decorative cover carefully on a frame while connecting the decorative cover to the frame. Further, in some embodiments, there is no need to stretch or deform the decorative cover 102 when installing it on the body 106.

Still further, in the embodiment shown, the connectors 138 and 154 are continuous hook-and-loop connectors, and therefore may avoid unsightly looks that can result from connecting a decorative cover only at discrete points on a frame.

Referring to FIG. 12, another illustrative body is shown generally at 300 and has a front side shown generally at 302 and having a front surface 304. The front surface 304 includes a generally flat planar portion 306 and an inward-facing portion 308. The body 300 also has a rear side shown generally at 310 opposite the front side 302, and an outwardly facing lateral surface 312. The inward facing portion 308 of the front surface 304 is therefore between the generally flat planar portion 306 and the lateral surface 312 of the body 300. The body 300 is substantially similar to the body 106 discussed above, may similarly function as an apparatus for holding a decorative cover, and may include similar materials to the body 106, although the inward-facing portion 308 includes a first portion 314 adjacent and extending generally perpendicular to the generally flat planar portion 306, a second portion 316 adjacent the first portion 314 and extending non-parallel to the first portion 314 and away from the generally flat planar portion 306, and a third portion 318 adjacent the second portion 316 and extending generally parallel to the first portion 314 and away from the generally flat planar portion 306. Also, the lateral surface 312 in the embodiment shown includes a complementary portion 320 that is generally complementary to the inward-facing portion 308.

Therefore, referring to FIG. 13, the body 300 is stackable against an adjacent similar body 322 on the front side 302 of the body 300, and against an adjacent similar body 324 on the rear side 310 of the body 300. Thus, the complementary portion 320 of the lateral surface 312 of the adjacent similar body 322 contacts the inward-facing portion 308 of the body 300 when the adjacent similar body 322 is stacked against the front side 302 of the body 300. Further, the complementary portion 320 of the lateral surface 312 of the body 300 contacts the inward-facing portion 308 of the adjacent similar body 324 when the adjacent similar body 324 is stacked against the rear side 310 of the body 300.

Referring to FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, another illustrative body is shown generally at 326 and includes a front side shown generally at 328 and an opposite rear side shown generally at 330. The front side 328 has a front surface 332 having a perimeter 334, and includes a generally flat planar portion 336 and an inward-facing portion 338. The body 326 also includes an outwardly facing lateral surface 340 between the front surface 332 and a rear surface 342 on the rear side 330. The body 326 defines a plurality of through-openings such as illustrative through-openings 344 and 346 for receiving respective fasteners as discussed above with the through-opening 172 shown in FIG. 6, for example. The through-openings such as the through-opening 344 and 346 also have respective cleats 348 and 350 that are substantially the same as the cleat 182 discussed above and shown in FIG. 6. On the rear side 330, the body 326 defines projections 352, 354, and 356 having respective through-openings shown generally at 358, 360, and 362 for receiving respective projections 364, 366, and 368 of a wall-mountable cleat 370 that is substantially the same as the cleat 108 discussed above. The body 326 also defines, on the rear side 330, projections 372, 374, and 376 having respective through-openings shown generally at 378, 380, and 382 for receiving the projections 368, 366, and 364 respectively of the cleat 370. The body 326 is thus wall-mountable in a first orientation when the projections 364, 366, and 368 are received in the through-openings 358, 360, and 362 respectively, and in a second orientation perpendicular to the first orientation when the projections 364, 366, and 368 are received in the through-openings 382, 380, and 378 respectively. The spaced apart edges of the projections 364, 366, and 368 thus function as a connector, the spaced apart edges of the projections 356, 354, and 352 thus function as a connector complementary to the spaced apart edges of the projections 364, 366, and 368, and the spaced apart edges of the projections 376, 374, and 372 also function as a connector complementary to the spaced apart edges of the projections 364, 366, and 368.

The body 326 also has a connector 384 continuously adjacent the perimeter 334 of the front surface 332, and in the embodiment shown the connector 384 is on the lateral surface 340. The connector 384 is complementary to a connector such as the connector 138 on the decorative cover 102 shown in FIG. 3, and thus the body 326 also functions as an apparatus for holding a decorative cover.

The body 326 also defines additional through-openings such as illustrative through-openings 386 and 388, which may reduce a weight and manufacturing cost of the body 326. In the embodiment shown, the additional through-openings such as the through-openings 386 and 388 are generally rectangular and separated by generally linear members such as illustrative generally linear members 390 and 392, which have through-openings such as the through-openings 344 and 346 and cleats such as the cleats 348 and 350. However, in alternative embodiments, the through-openings such as the through-openings 386 and 388 may be omitted or closed by thin films of thermoplastic material (not shown) received against the front surface 332.

The body 326 also has clips such as illustrative clips 394 and 396, and such clips function as a light source connector for holding a light source (not shown), which may include a plurality of LED lights in a light string, for example. The clips such as the clips 394 and 396 are substantially the same as the clips such as the clips 264 and 266 shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 and discussed above.

Also, on the rear side 330, the body 326 defines a storage compartment 398 for storing objects. In the embodiment shown, the storage compartment 398 includes a removable cover 400. Again, in some embodiments, the storage compartment 398 may hold one or more of buttons, a needle, and thread to impart a textured appearance to the outer surface 112 of the decorative cover 102 as described above, for example.

The body 326 also includes additional projections 402, 406, 408, and 410 on the rear surface 342 to contact at least a portion of an adjacent similar apparatus when the adjacent similar apparatus is stacked against the rear side 330 of the body 326. The additional projections 402, 406, 408, and 410 in some embodiments may thus impart greater stability to a system of stacked similar bodies. The body 326, and other bodies and cleats such as those disclosed herein, may be made from materials such as those discussed above for the body 106.

Referring to FIG. 25, another illustrative embodiment is shown generally at 474 and is similar to the body 326 shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, except that on a rear side 476 of the body 474, the body 474 defines receptacles 478, 480, 482, and 484. In the embodiment shown, the receptacles 478 and 480 receive a support 486, and the receptacles 482 and 484 receive a support 488. When the support 486 is received fully in the receptacles 478 and 480, an exposed end shown generally at 490 of the support 486 has a plurality of through-openings 492 for receiving fasteners (not shown) to attach the support 490 to a bed frame (not shown). Likewise, when the support 488 is fully received in the receptacles 482 and 484, an exposed end shown generally at 494 of the support 488 defines a plurality of through-openings 496 for receiving fasteners (not shown) for attaching the support 488 to the bed frame (not shown). The receptacles 478, 480, 482, and 484 thus function as a connector for connecting the body 474 to a bed frame.

Referring to FIGS. 17, 18, and 19, another illustrative body is shown generally at 412 and is similar to the body 326 except that on a rear side 414 of the body 412, the body 412 includes a plurality of structural reinforcing ribs such as illustrative structural reinforcing ribs 416 and 418.

The body 412 in the embodiment shown is substantially thermoplastic and may be formed in a mold. Such molds are costly to produce, and therefore such molds are preferably adjustable in size to produce bodies similar to the body 412 but having different dimensions. For example, referring to FIG. 17, the line 420 divides the body 412 into portions 422 and 424 that may be formed by respective separate portions of a mold. Those portions of the mold may be separated, and an additional portion of the mold may be inserted therebetween to form a body similar to the body 412 but larger by having an additional portion (not shown) between the portions 422 and 424.

In the embodiment shown, the body 412 has a height 426 of about 109.2 cm (or about 43 inches), and a width 428 of about 147.3 cm (or about 58 inches). Such dimensions may be suitable for a headboard for a North American double-sized bed having a width of about 137.2 cm (or about 54 inches). However, in North America, a queen-sized bed having a width of about 152 cm (or about 60 inches) is also common, and therefore a body suitable for use as a headboard for a North American queen-sized bed may have a width of about 162.6 cm (or about 64 inches) by expanding the mold by inserting a mold expansion portion into the mold, the mold expansion portion having a width of about 15.3 cm (or about 6 inches) to cause an additional portion having a width of about 15.3 cm (or about 6 inches) to be formed in the body 412 between the portions 422 and 424. Also, some North American king-size beds have a width of about 203.2 cm (or about 80 inches), and therefore two bodies 412 may be rotated by 90° and positioned adjacent each other to have a common width of about 218.4 cm (or about 86 inches, namely about twice the height 426) and to have a common height of about 147.3 cm (or about 58 inches, namely about equal to the width 428). Therefore, with a mold expansion portion to form an additional portion between the portions 422 and 424, a single mold may produce bodies suitable for headboards of three different sizes of beds, such as North American double-, queen-, and king-sized beds for example.

In alternative embodiments, a body may include telescoping portions to permit adjustment of an overall size of the body.

Referring to FIG. 20, another illustrative body is shown generally at 430 and is similar to the body 412 except that the body 430 includes additional generally linear members 432 and 434 for additional structural strength. The body 430 also may function as an apparatus for holding a decorative cover similar to the bodies 106, 300, 326, and 412, and may include similar materials as described above.

Referring to FIG. 21, another illustrative body is shown generally at 436. The body 436 may function as an apparatus for holding a decorative cover similar to the bodies 106, 300, 326, 412, and 430, and may include similar materials as described above. The body 436 has a rear side shown generally at 438 and having a rear surface 440. The body 436 defines through-openings generally at 442, 444, and 446 for receiving fasteners similar to the through-opening 172 discussed above and shown in FIG. 6, for example.

The body 436 also defines through-openings 448 and 450. The through-opening 448 is adjacent a bevelled edge 452, and the through-opening 450 is adjacent a bevelled edge 454. The bevelled edges 452 and 454 are connectors complementary to a French cleat to mount the body 436 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1).

Referring to FIG. 22, an illustrative French cleat is shown generally at 456 and includes a bevelled edge 458 for contacting one of the bevelled edges 452 and 454 on the body 436 shown in FIG. 21. The bevelled edge 458 of the French cleat 456 thus also functions as a connector. The French cleat 456 also has through-openings shown generally at 460 and 462 for receiving fasteners (not shown) for mounting the French cleat 456 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1). The French cleat 456 is thus wall-mountable. The French cleat 456 also includes an inclination measuring device 464, which in the embodiment shown is a bubble level to facilitate mounting the French cleat 456 on a wall (such as the wall 88 shown in FIG. 1) such that the bevelled edge 458 is level.

Referring to FIG. 23, the body 436 is shown with the bevelled edge 454 of the body 436 nearly in contact with the bevelled edge 458 of the French cleat 456. When the body 436 is lowered relative to the French cleat 456 such that the bevelled edge 454 of the body 436 contacts the bevelled edge 458 of the French cleat 456, the body 436 is supported by the French cleat 456 and thus mounted on the wall. In the embodiment shown, the bevelled edge 454 is longer than the bevelled edge 458, and therefore the body 436 in some embodiments can be moved relative to the French cleat 456 to position the body 436 in a desired position, such as at the head of a bed, for example.

Referring to FIG. 24, an adjacent similar body 466 is stackable against a front side 468 of the body 436, and a similar adjacent body 470 is stackable against the rear side 438 of the body 436.

The embodiments described above are substantially rectangular, but one skilled in the art will appreciate that other embodiments may have non-rectangular shapes. As illustrative examples, FIG. 26 illustrates a headboard 498 having a shape that may be referred to as an “arched” shape, FIG. 27 illustrates a headboard 500 having a shape that may be referred to as a “camel back” shape, and FIG. 28 illustrates a headboard 502 having a generally rectangular shape with rounded upper corners. It will be appreciated that embodiments such as those illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 25 may alternatively have shapes such as those illustrated in FIGS. 26 to 28, for example.

As indicated above, the bodies disclosed above may form part of headboard systems that hold decorative covers without requiring conventional upholstery techniques and without requiring other more cumbersome alternatives to upholstery. Further, the bodies discussed above may be used to hold decorative covers for applications other than headboards, such as decorating walls more generally, for example. Still further, the bodies discussed above may be stacked as shown in the drawings, for example, and such stacking may permit compact and cost-effective shipping while the contact between adjacent similar bodies stabilizes the bodies during shipping, which may reduce damage during shipping that may be caused from relative movement of adjacent bodies. Further, light sources such as those disclosed above may enhance the visual appearance of walls to which the bodies disclosed above are mounted.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the nightstand 92 includes legs 504, 506, 508, and 510 for contacting the floor 86. The nightstand 92 also includes a generally rectangular frame 512 supported by the legs 504, 506, 508, and 510 over the floor 86, and the nightstand 92 also includes a drawer 514 slidably receivable in the generally rectangular frame 512. In various embodiments, one or more of the legs 504, 506, 508, and 510, the generally rectangular frame 512, and the drawer 514 are substantially thermoplastic bodies of the nightstand, which is a furniture apparatus. One or more of such substantially thermoplastic bodies may be formed in a mold, and in some embodiments, carbon plastic may be desirable because of durability, a polished finish, and various colours that may be available with carbon plastic.

Still further, one or more of such substantially thermoplastic bodies may include incorporated therein one or more of the diatomaceous earth products and legume extracts discussed above. As with the other embodiments discussed, above, such diatomaceous earth, legume extracts, or both may be incorporated into such substantially thermoplastic bodies by adding the diatomaceous earth, the legume extracts, or both to the thermoplastic material when the thermoplastic material is in a liquid phase before the thermoplastic material is injected into a mold. In one embodiment, about 30% by weight of such substantially thermoplastic bodies may be diatomaceous earth or a mixture of diatomaceous earth and one or more legume extracts. Further, additional diatomaceous earth, legume extracts, or both may be adhered to inner surfaces of such substantially thermoplastic bodies, such as inner surfaces of the generally rectangular frame 512 or the drawer 514 for example, for further exposure of the diatomaceous earth to animals such as bedbugs.

In alternative embodiments, the generally rectangular frame 512 and the drawer 514 may be replaced by a table surface platform supported by legs similar to the legs 504, 506, 508, and 510. According to such an embodiment, a furniture apparatus may include a table including substantially thermoplastic bodies and one or both of diatomaceous earth and legume extracts as described above.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the dresser 94 includes a generally rectangular frame 516 and a plurality of drawers, such as the drawers 518 and 520, slidably receivable in the generally rectangular frame 516. The generally rectangular frame 516 and the plurality of drawers slidably receivable therein may be substantially the same as the generally rectangular frame 512 and the drawer 514 described above.

The bed 96 includes a generally rectangular platform 522 for supporting the mattress 98. The bed 96 also includes four substantially thermoplastic bodies at respective corners of the generally rectangular platform 522, and such substantially thermoplastic bodies 524, 526, and 528 are shown in FIG. 1. Such substantially thermoplastic bodies in the embodiment shown are generally cylindrical, and act as supports for contacting the floor 86 and for supporting the generally rectangular platform 522 and thus the mattress 98 above the floor 86. In alternative embodiments, the bed 96 may include more or fewer substantially thermoplastic bodies acting as such supports.

As indicated above, in some embodiments, carbon plastic may be a desirable material for some furniture apparatuses because carbon plastic may be coloured with a desired colour, and externally visible surfaces of the carbon plastic may be polished to reveal the desired colour with a durable and attractive polished finish. Further, in some embodiments, one or more internal surfaces (such as internal surfaces of the generally rectangular frames 512 and 516 shown in FIG. 1, for example, which may be visible when drawers are removed from the generally rectangular frames but otherwise visibly concealed by the drawers) may be darkly coloured, such as coloured black or another dark colour. Thus, when diatomaceous earth, for example, is applied to such internal surfaces, the lighter colour of the diatomaceous earth may make the diatomaceous earth more easily visible on such surfaces, and may facilitate noticing an absence of such products on such surfaces. Therefore, such darkly coloured internal surfaces in some embodiments may assist with visibly determining whether such internal surfaces have been sprayed or otherwise treated with diatomaceous earth or another more lightly coloured product, and such visual determinations may facilitate determining where and when such diatomaceous earth or other products should be applied to ensure a desired amount of such diatomaceous earth or other products on various furniture apparatuses.

Although the nightstand 92, the dresser 94, the bed 96, the mattress 98, and the headboard system 100 are described above, various furniture apparatuses, kits, and systems according to alternative embodiments may include one or more substantially thermoplastic bodies including diatomaceous earth, legume extracts, or both incorporated therein, and such furniture apparatuses according to some embodiments may assist in the control of bedbug and other animal populations. Therefore, commercial use of such apparatuses, kits, and systems may involve distributing, selling, offering for sale, or placing such apparatuses, kits, and systems in bedrooms or hotel rooms in an effort to control populations of animals, such as animals having exoskeletons, arthropods, arachnids, insects, and Cimex lectularius for example, in such bedrooms or hotel rooms.

Further, it is believed that bedbugs are often introduced into a bedroom or hotel room from occupants of the bedroom or hotel room, or from the belongings of the occupants of the bedroom or hotel room. It is also believed that such occupants and belongings are likely to be on one or more of a bed, nightstand, and dresser in the bedroom or hotel room, and therefore that bedbugs are likely to be introduced into the bedroom or hotel room in one or more of a bed, nightstand, and dresser in the bedroom or hotel room. It is also believed that bedbugs are likely to dwell in a bed in the bedroom or hotel room. Therefore, in some embodiments, the nightstand 92, the dresser 94, the bed 96, and the headboard system 100 may cooperate with each other and collectively facilitate control of bedbugs by controlling bedbugs in particular locations where bedbugs may be introduced or may likely dwell into the bedroom or hotel room.

Although specific embodiments have been described and illustrated, such embodiments should be considered illustrative of the invention only and not as limiting the invention as construed according to the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A furniture apparatus comprising: a substantially thermoplastic body; anddiatomaceous earth incorporated in the body, wherein the diatomaceous earth is configured to control bedbug populations such that the diatomaceous earth kills at least 95% of bedbugs within 24 hours of exposure of the bedbugs to a concentration of the diatomaceous earth of between 0.3138 milligrams per square inch and 23.91 milligrams per square inch.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth is about 30% by weight of the body.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a PA1b-related peptide incorporated into the body.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the body further comprises saponin incorporated into the body.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body comprises carbon plastic.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a headboard apparatus configured to hold a decorative cover, and wherein the headboard apparatus comprises the body.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the furniture apparatus comprises a bed comprising the body.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the furniture apparatus comprises a table comprising the body.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a dresser comprising the body.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a nightstand comprising the body.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth has a median particle diameter of more than 14 microns.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth has a median particle diameter of about 15 microns.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth is flash dried.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth is effective to control bedbug populations such that the diatomaceous earth kills at least 95% of bedbugs within 24 hours of exposure of the bedbugs to a concentration of the diatomaceous earth of between 0.3138 milligrams per square inch and 0.9005 milligrams per square inch.
15. A furniture apparatus comprising: a substantially thermoplastic body; anddiatomaceous earth incorporated in the body, wherein the diatomaceous earth is effective to control bedbug populations,wherein the furniture apparatus comprises a headboard apparatus configured to hold a decorative cover,wherein the headboard apparatus comprise the body,wherein the body defines front and rear opposite sides, the front side of the body defining a front surface defining a perimeter, the rear side of the body defining a rear surface, and the body defining an outwardly facing lateral surface between the front and rear surfaces,wherein the apparatus further comprises a first connector on the lateral surface of the body, andwherein the first connector is detachably connectable and continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter of the front surface and to a second connector, complementary to the first connector, on the decorative cover.
16. A furniture apparatus comprising: a substantially thermoplastic body; anddiatomaceous earth incorporated in the body, wherein the diatomaceous earth is effective to control bedbug populations,wherein the furniture apparatus comprises a headboard apparatus configured to hold a decorative cover,wherein the headboard apparatus comprises the body,wherein the body defines front and rear opposite sides, the front side of the body defining a front surface defining a perimeter, the rear side of the body defining a rear surface, and the body defining an outwardly facing lateral surface between the front and rear surfaces,wherein the apparatus further comprises a first connector on the body,wherein the first connector is detachably connectable and continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter of the front surface and to a second connector, complementary to the first connector, on the decorative cover, andwherein the first connector comprises a hook side or a loop side of a hook-and-loop connector.
17. A furniture apparatus comprising: a substantially thermoplastic body; anddiatomaceous earth incorporated in the body, wherein the diatomaceous earth is effective to control bedbug populations,wherein the furniture apparatus comprises a headboard apparatus configured to hold a decorative cover,wherein the headboard apparatus comprises the body,wherein the body defines front and rear opposite sides, the front side of the body defining a front surface defining a perimeter, the rear side of the body defining a rear surface, and the body defining an outwardly facing lateral surface between the front and rear surfaces,wherein the apparatus further comprises a first connector on the body,wherein the first connector is detachably connectable and continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter of the front surface and to a second connector, complementary to the first connector, on the decorative cover, andwherein the first connector extends adjacent at least a majority of the perimeter of the front surface.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first connector extends adjacent substantially the entire perimeter of the front surface.
19. A method of controlling a population bedbugs, the method comprising mounting a headboard apparatus adjacent a bed in a bedroom, the headboard apparatus comprising: a substantially thermoplastic body and comprising diatomaceous earth incorporated in the body, wherein the diatomaceous earth is effective to control bedbug populations.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein mounting the headboard apparatus adjacent the bed comprises mounting the headboard apparatus adjacent the bed on a wall of the bedroom.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein mounting the headboard apparatus adjacent the bed comprises mounting the headboard apparatus on a bed frame of the bed.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the headboard apparatus is configured to hold a decorative cover,the body defines front and rear opposite sides, the front side of the body defining a front surface defining a perimeter, the rear side of the body defining a rear surface, and the body defining an outwardly facing lateral surface between the front and rear surfaces,the apparatus further comprises a first connector on the body,the first connector is detachably connectable and continuously adjacent at least a portion of the perimeter of the front surface and to a second connector, complementary to the first connector, on the decorative cover.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/276,638, filed Sep. 26, 2016, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/114,900, filed Oct. 30, 2013, which is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/CA2012/000389, filed Apr. 26, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/482,067, filed May 3, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/563,220, filed Nov. 23, 2011, the entireties of which are incorporated by reference herein.

US Referenced Citations (215)

Number	Name	Date	Kind
457931	Beattie	Aug 1891	A
1569710	Burt	Jan 1926	A
2095459	Tottenham	Oct 1937	A
2508506	Fridolph	May 1950	A
2579157	Price, Sr.	Dec 1951	A
2671910	Wallen	Mar 1954	A
2687537	Wallace	Aug 1954	A
2968850	Tinnerman	Jan 1961	A
3000779	Goodhue et al.	Sep 1961	A
3010615	Smith et al.	Nov 1961	A
3062709	Ordas	Nov 1962	A
3082147	Newallis et al.	Mar 1963	A
3082148	Baker et al.	Mar 1963	A
3132769	Zehrbach	May 1964	A
3165441	Ludvik et al.	Jan 1965	A
3290198	Lux	Dec 1966	A
3306499	Lykes	Feb 1967	A
3652425	Wilson	Mar 1972	A
3676279	Beaver	Jul 1972	A
3736603	Rothman	Jun 1973	A
3878147	Craven	Apr 1975	A
3992839	La Borde	Nov 1976	A
4008688	Nicholas	Feb 1977	A
4083977	Miesel	Apr 1978	A
4098435	Weyn	Jul 1978	A
4279895	Carle	Jul 1981	A
4526305	Lykes	Jul 1985	A
D286378	Banfield	Oct 1986	S
4683674	Faul	Aug 1987	A
4702046	Haugen	Oct 1987	A
4706422	Ashton	Nov 1987	A
4732430	Byrns	Mar 1988	A
4810590	Rich	Mar 1989	A
4821349	Cohen	Apr 1989	A
4871218	Swinson	Oct 1989	A
4957395	Nelson	Sep 1990	A
4964231	De Maat	Oct 1990	A
5074348	Phillips	Dec 1991	A
5176435	Pipkens	Jan 1993	A
5186935	Tucker	Feb 1993	A
5195195	Murray	Mar 1993	A
5269032	Flocks	Dec 1993	A
5305567	Wittier	Apr 1994	A
5308613	Banfield	May 1994	A
5346296	Kelley	Sep 1994	A
5439690	Knight	Aug 1995	A
5529380	Blansett	Jun 1996	A
5588271	Pitchford	Dec 1996	A
5653072	Seelandt-Stasek	Aug 1997	A
5693344	Knight et al.	Dec 1997	A
5773017	Korunic et al.	Jun 1998	A
5809708	Greer et al.	Sep 1998	A
5881508	Irvine	Mar 1999	A
5937587	Zinbarg	Aug 1999	A
6004569	Bessette et al.	Dec 1999	A
6114384	Bessette et al.	Sep 2000	A
6182307	Rutrick	Feb 2001	B1
6183767	Bessette et al.	Feb 2001	B1
6196156	Denesuk et al.	Mar 2001	B1
6263529	Chadwick	Jul 2001	B1
6276102	Shipman et al.	Aug 2001	B1
6329433	Bessette et al.	Dec 2001	B1
6331572	Bessette et al.	Dec 2001	B1
6333360	Bessette et al.	Dec 2001	B1
6340710	Bessette et al.	Jan 2002	B1
6342535	Bessette et al.	Jan 2002	B1
6342536	Bessette et al.	Jan 2002	B1
6371190	Owens	Apr 2002	B1
6372801	Bessette et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6372803	Bessette et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6375969	Kostka et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6376556	Bessette et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6394321	Bayer	May 2002	B1
6395789	Bessette et al.	May 2002	B1
6405491	Gallant	Jun 2002	B1
6416775	Kostka et al.	Jul 2002	B1
6506409	Hoy et al.	Jan 2003	B1
6530181	Seiber et al.	Mar 2003	B1
6531163	Bessette et al.	Mar 2003	B1
6534099	Bessette et al.	Mar 2003	B1
6543071	Lenner	Apr 2003	B1
6550083	LaMantia	Apr 2003	B1
6581807	Mekata	Jun 2003	B1
6618876	Murphy et al.	Sep 2003	B2
6658677	Paul	Dec 2003	B2
6713518	Bessette et al.	Mar 2004	B1
6799337	Raphael-Davis	Oct 2004	B1
6849614	Bessette et al.	Feb 2005	B1
6986898	Bessette	Jan 2006	B1
7118179	Wilson et al.	Oct 2006	B1
7159253	Yang	Jan 2007	B2
7252041	Overholt	Aug 2007	B2
7387151	Payne	Jun 2008	B1
7434365	Geller	Oct 2008	B2
7487558	Risk, Jr.	Feb 2009	B2
7490509	Bohmer	Feb 2009	B2
7614298	Bohmer	Nov 2009	B2
7624465	Oh	Dec 2009	B2
7744298	Haas et al.	Jun 2010	B2
8101408	Taylor et al.	Jan 2012	B2
8205378	Banfield	Jun 2012	B2
8215051	Alexander et al.	Jul 2012	B2
8215065	Gallant	Jul 2012	B2
8440009	Mahan	May 2013	B2
8501247	Enan et al.	Aug 2013	B2
8522488	Newkirk et al.	Sep 2013	B1
D692089	Rubel et al.	Oct 2013	S
8551235	Mahan et al.	Oct 2013	B2
8707615	Cullen	Apr 2014	B2
8852501	Hedman	Oct 2014	B2
8959684	Oyo-Hoffmann	Feb 2015	B2
20020170256	Annaka	Nov 2002	A1
20030036530	Bessette	Feb 2003	A1
20030039674	Bessette	Feb 2003	A1
20030056587	Carpenter et al.	Mar 2003	A1
20030061758	Wilson	Apr 2003	A1
20030194454	Bessette et al.	Oct 2003	A1
20040175407	McDaniel	Sep 2004	A1
20050004233	Bessette et al.	Jan 2005	A1
20050102921	Mischo	May 2005	A1
20050132500	Karl et al.	Jun 2005	A1
20050136089	Bessette et al.	Jun 2005	A1
20050143260	Bessette et al.	Jun 2005	A1
20050147636	Bessette et al.	Jul 2005	A1
20050163869	Bessette et al.	Jul 2005	A1
20050170024	Bessette et al.	Aug 2005	A1
20050170025	Bessette et al.	Aug 2005	A1
20050170026	Bessette et al.	Aug 2005	A1
20050220662	Hedman	Oct 2005	A1
20050255139	Hurd	Nov 2005	A1
20050260241	Bessette et al.	Nov 2005	A1
20050260242	Bessette et al.	Nov 2005	A1
20050279033	Faber et al.	Dec 2005	A1
20060088564	Bessette	Apr 2006	A1
20060115507	Bessette	Jun 2006	A1
20060115508	Bessette	Jun 2006	A1
20060115509	Bessette	Jun 2006	A1
20060115510	Bessette	Jun 2006	A1
20060121074	Bessette	Jun 2006	A1
20060216367	Taylor	Sep 2006	A1
20060270561	Keim et al.	Nov 2006	A1
20070094794	Ellis	May 2007	A1
20070164059	Rosiello et al.	Jul 2007	A1
20070193171	Finerman	Aug 2007	A1
20070193699	Repp et al.	Aug 2007	A1
20070196412	Karl et al.	Aug 2007	A1
20070207221	Bessette et al.	Sep 2007	A1
20070289225	Kern et al.	Dec 2007	A1
20070298131	Bessette et al.	Dec 2007	A1
20070299037	Bessette et al.	Dec 2007	A1
20070299038	Bessette et al.	Dec 2007	A1
20080003315	Bessette et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080003316	Bessette et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080003317	Bessette et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080004240	Bessette et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080015167	Bessette et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080038383	Bessette et al.	Feb 2008	A1
20080044481	Harel	Feb 2008	A1
20080054020	Pierson et al.	Mar 2008	A1
20080143227	Kim	Jun 2008	A1
20080153904	Bessette	Jun 2008	A1
20080181969	Blanton	Jul 2008	A1
20080190088	Chou	Aug 2008	A1
20080193387	De Wolff	Aug 2008	A1
20080305134	Lucas	Dec 2008	A1
20090031499	Mervar	Feb 2009	A1
20090126257	Banfield	May 2009	A1
20090222995	Perry et al.	Sep 2009	A1
20090233940	Taylor	Sep 2009	A1
20090269381	Schilling et al.	Oct 2009	A1
20100009912	Taylor et al.	Jan 2010	A1
20100056656	Matsuoka et al.	Mar 2010	A1
20100127224	Neff	May 2010	A1
20100215705	Cataldo	Aug 2010	A1
20100239679	Greene et al.	Sep 2010	A1
20100260866	Lu	Oct 2010	A1
20100264165	Hansen et al.	Oct 2010	A1
20110067600	Constantz	Mar 2011	A1
20110070322	Bessette et al.	Mar 2011	A1
20110124502	Enan	May 2011	A1
20110135764	Enan	Jun 2011	A1
20110146133	Bunker et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110226711	Okanishi	Sep 2011	A1
20110236589	Streisfeld	Sep 2011	A1
20110256198	Sonneck et al.	Oct 2011	A1
20110311603	Lucas	Dec 2011	A1
20120048145	Wang et al.	Mar 2012	A1
20120167309	Heidorn	Jul 2012	A1
20120227313	Mozeika, III et al.	Sep 2012	A1
20120258150	Rauckhorst	Oct 2012	A1
20120285076	Banfield	Nov 2012	A1
20130025185	O'Connor	Jan 2013	A1
20130089578	Sumulong et al.	Apr 2013	A1
20130142893	Bessette et al.	Jun 2013	A1
20130161060	Ponce Ibarra et al.	Jun 2013	A1
20130195945	Jenkins	Aug 2013	A1
20140020280	Cullen	Jan 2014	A1
20140041285	Russell et al.	Feb 2014	A1
20140084774	Phillips	Mar 2014	A1
20140221528	Ribi	Aug 2014	A1
20140259879	Logsdon	Sep 2014	A1
20140323539	Dieleman et al.	Oct 2014	A1
20140357489	Dieleman et al.	Dec 2014	A1
20150007486	Backmark et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150132412	Bessette et al.	May 2015	A1
20150132413	Bessette et al.	May 2015	A1
20150140136	Bessette et al.	May 2015	A1
20150264928	Cristau	Sep 2015	A1
20150282483	Sawada	Oct 2015	A1
20150289495	Olszak	Oct 2015	A1
20150368866	Hydock	Dec 2015	A1
20150376163	Kaiser	Dec 2015	A1
20160029616	Johnston	Feb 2016	A1
20160057994	Lipinsky	Mar 2016	A1
20170118998	Bessette et al.	May 2017	A1

Foreign Referenced Citations (61)

Number	Date	Country
1112158	Nov 1981	CA
2149164	Nov 1996	CA
2163246	Feb 2000	CA
2264383	Sep 2000	CA
1550177	Dec 2004	CN
2750730	Jan 2006	CN
200983804	Dec 2007	CN
201012152	Jan 2008	CN
101147643	Mar 2008	CN
101381473	Mar 2009	CN
201375245	Jan 2010	CN
201641161	Nov 2010	CN
0412832	Feb 1991	EP
429849	Jun 1991	EP
2096141	Sep 2009	EP
658221	Oct 1951	GB
673877	Jun 1952	GB
803611	Oct 1958	GB
989014	Apr 1965	GB
998604	Jul 1965	GB
1289308	Sep 1972	GB
1521714	Aug 1978	GB
2107978	May 1983	GB
2180449	Apr 1987	GB
2370224	Jun 2002	GB
2398007	Aug 2004	GB
60-241406	Nov 1985	JP
H01365713	Jul 1991	JP
08173296	Jul 1996	JP
1015038	Jun 1998	JP
11-292704	Oct 1999	JP
2000-176370	Jun 2000	JP
2004049366	Feb 2004	JP
2005053813	Mar 2005	JP
2010-208994	Sep 2010	JP
2011524874	Sep 2011	JP
94-27434	Dec 1994	WO
9636220	Nov 1996	WO
98-54971	Dec 1998	WO
00-05964	Feb 2000	WO
00-15033	Mar 2000	WO
00-51433	Sep 2000	WO
01-00026	Jan 2001	WO
01-00032	Jan 2001	WO
01-00034	Jan 2001	WO
01-60163	Aug 2001	WO
01-91554	Dec 2001	WO
01-91556	Dec 2001	WO
2009017938	Feb 2009	WO
2009045941	Apr 2009	WO
2009058707	May 2009	WO
2009117623	Sep 2009	WO
2009153231	Dec 2009	WO
2011146663	Nov 2011	WO
2012149636	Nov 2012	WO
2013-055773	Apr 2013	WO
2013050967	Apr 2013	WO
2013075212	May 2013	WO
2013-083372	Jun 2013	WO
2013101298	Jul 2013	WO
2013160898	Oct 2013	WO

Non-Patent Literature Citations (80)

Entry
International Search Report dated Aug. 8, 2012, from PCT Application No. PCT/CA2012/000389 (4 pages).
International Search Report dated Feb. 13, 2013, from PCT Application No. PCT-CA2012-001015 (4 pages).
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Nov. 14, 2013, from PCT Application No. PCT/CA2012/000389 (6 pages).
Extended European Search Report dated Sep. 2, 2014, from European Application No. 12779394.1 (5 pages).
Extended European Search Report dated Aug. 11, 2015, from European Application No. 12850927.0 (9 pages).
“The Benefits of Diatomaceaous Earth” accessed at http:/www.offthegridnews.com on Jun. 30, 2014, 2 pages.
Aerosol tops 6, downloaded from http:/en.wikipedia.org-wiki-File:Aerosol_tops_6.svg, Mar. 6, 2007.
Agrium Advanced Technologies, Material Data Safety Sheet, PRO® Green Earth S. D. Insect Dust, Nov. 2010.
Akhtar et al., Horizontal Transfer of Diatomaceous Earth and Botanical Insecticides in the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius L.; Hemiptera: Cimicidae, Sep. 25, 2013, PLoS ONE 8(9): e75626. doi:10.1371-journal.pone.0075626.
Akhtar, Toxicity data for De 51 and DE 53 against bed bugs, Jun. 23, 2011.
American Diatomite Inc., downloaded from http:/-www.americandiatomite.com- on Apr. 12, 2014, NV, USA.
Available Products, Diatomaceous Earth Hawaii, downloaded from http:--www.diatomaceousearthhawaii.com-available-products.html on Jun. 26, 2012.
Bacillariophyceae Algae, downloaded from http:--web.biosci.utexas.edu-utex-algaeDetail.aspx?algaelD=6184, Apr. 5, 2006, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
BadBedBugs.com, Bed Bug Dust: Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a Natural Solution You Can Buy Anywhere, 2008-2014, downloaded from http:--www.badbedbugs.com-bed-bug-dust- on Jan. 4, 2014.
Barrentine, NEW—Oa2ki (DE) in a can!!, from http:--www.barrettine.co.uk-Environmental-Health-index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92:oa2ki-aerosol&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=18 and dated Oct. 24, 2011 on http:--web.archive.org-, Barrentine, United Kingdom.
BASF, The Chemical Company, Better Products for Pest Control Product List, BASF The Chemical Company, USA, downloaded from http:--pestcontrol.basf.us-products-product-index.html on Mar. 19, 2012.
Berg, Bed bugs: The pesticide dilemma, Journal of Environmental Health, Jun. 1, 2010, pp. 32-35, vol. 72, National Environmental Health Association, Denver, CO, USA.
Canada, MotherEarth D Pest Control Dust, Nov. 22, 2012, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Canada.
Canadian Center for the Culture of Microorganisms, downloaded from http:--www3.botany.ubc.ca-cccm-, May 28, 2001, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Chen, Jiannen, “Introduction of a Introduction of a Novel Physical Insecticide (PG),” pp. 21 and 38, Jan. 1995. Foreign Article. Retrieved from the Internet in Oct. 2015 at http:--www.cnki.net.
Diafil 610, EPA Reg. No. 73729-1, Feb. 13, 2003.
DiaSource Diatomaceous Earth, EPA Reg. No. 69261-5, Dec. 16, 2010.
Diatomaceous Earth General Fact Sheet, National Pesticide Information Center, retrieved from http:--npic.orst.edu-factsheets-degen.html on Jan. 27, 2015, 4 pages.
Diatomaceous Earth Hawaii, downloaded from http:--www.diatomaceousearthhawaii.com- on Jun. 26, 2012.
Doggett, Stephen L. et al., “The efficacy of diatomeous earth against the common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularlus: A report for Mount Sylvia Diatomite,” May 1, 2008, pp. 1-50, XP055205184, Retrieved from the Internet on Jul. 29, 2015 at http:--mtsylviadiatomite.com.au-mod-files-documents-Final_ bedbug_trial.pdf.
Domingue et al., Sexual dimorphism of arrestment and gregariousness in the bed bug (Cimex lectularius) in response to cuticular extracts from nymphal exuviae, Physiological Entomology, Sep. 2010, pp. 203-213, vol. 35, Issue No. 3, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Eagle-Picher Minerals, Inc., Crop Guard™, EPA Reg. No. 007655-1, Jan. 11, 1995, Reno, NV, USA.
Ecosmart, Bed Bugs, downloaded from http:--ecosmart.com-bedbugs- on Mar. 6, 2014, EcoSmart Technologies, Roswell, GA, USA.
EP Minerals, Celatom® FN & MN Grades, Material Safety Data Sheet, Jun. 10, 2010, EP Minerals, Reno, NV, USA.
EP Minerals, Celatom® MN-51, Technical Data Sheet, Oct. 2010, EP Minerals, Reno, NV, USA.
EP Minerals, Celatom® MN-53, Technical Data Sheet, Oct. 2010, EP Minerals, Reno, NV, USA.
Gagne et al., Questions on Registration Requirements for an End-use Diatomaceous Earth Product, 2013.
Harlan, Bed Bugs 101: the Basics of Cimex lectularius., American Entomologist, 2006, pp. 99-101, vol. 52, No. 2, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, MD, USA.
Haynes et al., Bed bug deterrence, BMC Biology, Sep. 9, 2010, pp. 117-119, vol. 8, BioMed Central, Lexington, KY, USA.
Health Canada, Diatomaceous Earth in Aerosol, Pesticide Label Search, Feb. 15, 2012, Government of Canada, Canada.
Hopkins et al., Fresh Water, Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth, 2004-2011, Best Prices Storable Foods, Quinlan, TX, USA, cited in International Search Report dated Feb. 13, 2013 in PCT-CA2012-001015 as being dated Oct. 25, 2011 at http:--web.archive.org-web-2011102562102-http:--www.internet-grocer.net-diatome.htm.
Hopkins et al., Fresh Water, Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth, 2004-2011, Best Prices Storable Foods, Quinlan, TX, USA, downloaded from http:--www.internet-grocer.net-diatome.htm on Oct. 31, 2011.
Isman et al., Quantitative Phase Analysis of Diatomaceous Earth Using The Rietveld Method and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data. Scanning Electron Microscope Images of Diatomaceous Earth, May 2, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman et al., Quantitative Phase Analysis of Diatomaceous Earth Using The Rietveld Method and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data. Scanning Electron Microscope Images of Diatomaceous Earth, May 22, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman et al., Scanning Electron Microscope Images of Diatomaceous Earth, Jul. 16, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman et al., Toxicity of different types of diatomaceous earth against the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius in the laboratory, Apr. 30, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman, Residual toxcity of aerosol (51) against bed bugs, Feb. 1, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman, Toxicity data for dust samples, Jul. 17, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Isman, Toxicity data of different dusts, Feb. 18, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
JP Textiles, Headboards—Upholstered, Pricelist, 2008, JP Textiles, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
K-G Spray-Pak Inc, Gravimetric Determination of Solids Concentration (percent active) in JP Bed Bug Killer, Jun. 20, 2012.
Kobylnyk, Similar Registered Product, Nov. 21, 2011.
Korunic, Diatomaceous Earths, a Group of Natural Insecticides, Journal of Stored Products Research, 1998, pp. 87-97, vol. 34, Issue No. 2-3, Elsevier Science, United Kingdom.
Korunic, Rapid Assessment of the Insecticidal Value of Diatomaceous Earths Without Conducting Bioassays, Journal of Stored Products Research, 1997, pp. 219-229, vol. 33, No. 3, Elsevier Science, United Kingdom.
Lebeau, T. et al., “Diatom cultivation and biotechnolgically relevant products. Part II: Current and Putative Products,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2003, vol. 60, issue 6, pp. 624-632.
Malvern Instruments, EP51 Result Analysis Report, Oct. 30, 2012, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK.
Malvern Instruments, Mother Earth Result Analysis Report, Oct. 30, 2012, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK.
Mann, David G., “Raphid diatoms”, Tree of Life Web Project, Feb. 7, 2010, pp. 1-4, XP055205449, Retrieved from the Internet Jul. 30, 2015 at http:--tolweb.org-raphid_diatoms-125307.
McGrath, Is Diatomaceous Earth Harmful?, Demand Media, USA, 1999-2013, downloaded from http:--www.ehow.com-about_6571034_diatomaceous-earth-harmful_.html on Nov. 7, 2013.
Moore et al., Laboratory Evaluations of Insecticide Product Efficacy for Control of Cimex lectularius, Journal of Economic Entomology, Dec. 2006, pp. 2080-2086, vol. 99, No. 6, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, MD, USA.
One Stop Grow Shop, Crop Guard—DustOff PM 250Mls, downloaded from http:--www.onestopgrowshop.co.uk-pest-and-disease-control-leaf-and-flower-mould-rot-control-en-crop-guard-dustoff-pm-250mls.html on Apr. 18, 2014, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.
Pereira, Lethal effects of heat and use of localized heat treatment for control of bed bug infestations, Journal of Economic Entomology, Jun. 2009, pp. 1182-1188, vol. 102, No. 3, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, MD, USA.
Pest Control Direct, Oa2ki Aerosol Pesticide Free Ant Killer Powder, United Kingdom, downloaded from http:--www.pestcontroldirect.co.uk-acatalog-Oa2ki_Aerosol_500gm_Powder_in_a_Can_.html on Oct. 31, 2011.
Pest Control Direct, Pest Control Direct Reviews, United Kingdom, downloaded from http:--www.feefo.com-GB-en-reviews-Pest-Control-Direct-?id=103607 on Oct. 31, 2011.
Pesticide Action Network, Crop guard, downloaded from http:--www.pesticideinfo.org-Detail_Product.jsp?REG_NR=00765500001&DIST_NR=007655 on Apr. 8, 2014.
Power, Examination of sample EP51 by scanning electron microscopy, Aug. 9, 2012, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Power, Review of Diatomaceous Earths in Table 3 of Korunic, a Group of Natural Insecticides, 1998, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2 pages).
ProGreen S.D. Insect Dust Label Notification Change, 2007-2008.
Reinhardt et al., Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae), Annual Review of Entomology, Sep. 1, 2006, pp. 351-374, vol. 52, Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Restriction Requirement dated Oct. 5, 2015, from U.S. Appl. No. 14/114,900 (5 pages).
Romero et al., Insecticide Resistance in the Bed Bug: A Factor in the Pest's Sudden Resurgence?, Journal of Medical Entomology, Mar. 2007, pp. 175-178, vol. 44, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, MD, USA.
Sacred Mountain, Diatomaceous Earth, Sacred Mountain, Visalia, CA, USA, downloaded from http:--sacredmountainjourney.com-id21.html on Nov. 7, 2013.
Synedra delicatissima sensu PR, downloaded from http:--craticula.ncl.ac.uk-Eddi-jsp-showimage.jsp?TaxonId=XXG987 on Mar. 5, 2014, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
The Company's Beginnings, Diatomaceous Earth Hawaii, downloaded from http:--www.diatomaceousearthhawaii.com-the-companys-beginnings.html on Jun. 26, 2012 (2 pages).
Todd, Repellents for Protection from Bed Bugs: The Need, the Candidates, Safety Challenges, Test Methods and the Chance of Success, Recent Developments in Invertebrate Repellents, 2011, pp. 137-150, Chapter 9, ACS Publications, Washington, DC, USA.
Tui Rose, Going Green Using Diatomaceous Earth How-to-Tips, 2012, downloaded from http:--www.tuirose.com-diatomaceous-earth-book-introduction.php on Nov. 7, 2013.
UTEX The Culture Collection of Algae, downloaded from http:--web.biosci.utexas.edu-utex- on Mar. 5, 2014, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Vayias et al., Evaluation of natural diatomaceous earth deposits from south-eastern Europe for stored-grain protection: the effect of particle size, published online Jun. 18, 2009, Pest Management Science, pp. 1118-1123, vol. 65, Society of Chemical Industry.
Wang et al., Case Study: Controlling Bed Bugs in Apartments, Pest Control Technology, Nov. 2007, pp. 64-70, vol. 35, GIE Media, Richfield, OH, USA.
Wang, Jingshing, “Diatomite Using Insecticide,” p. 22, Jul. 1999. Foreign Article. Retrieved from the Internet in Oct. 2015 at http:--www.cnki.net. Wang, Jingshing, “Diatomite Using Insecticide,” p. 22, Jul. 1999. Foreign Article. Retrieved from the Internet in Oct. 2015 at http:--www.cnki.net.
Watson, The Brutal Business of Battling Bedbugs, Sep. 12, 2010, Daily Finance, USA, downloaded from http:--www.dailyfinance.com-2010-09-12-the-business-of-bedbugs- on Apr. 19, 2011.
Weeks et al., A bioassay for studying behavioural responses of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to bed bug-derived volatiles, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Jan. 27, 2010, pp. 1-8, vol. 101, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
What is Diatomaceous Earth ( DE )?, Diatomaceous Earth Hawaii, downloaded from http:--www.diatomaceousearthhawaii.com-what-is-diatomaceous-earth--de.html on Jun. 26, 2012.
Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Laboratories, Inc., Prescription Treatment® brand TRI-DIE®, 2005, St. Louis MO, USA.
Whitmire PT® 239 Tri Die Insecticide, EPA Registration No. 499-385, Aug. 29, 2013.

Related Publications (1)

	Number	Date	Country
	20200093276 A1	Mar 2020	US

Provisional Applications (2)

	Number	Date	Country
	61563220	Nov 2011	US
	61482067	May 2011	US

Divisions (1)

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	14114900		US
Child	15276638		US

Continuations (1)

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	15276638	Sep 2016	US
Child	16695111		US

Headboard apparatus for holding a decorative cover and having diatomaceous earth incorporated therein for pest control

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

Field of Search

US

CPC

International Classifications

Abstract