HEARING AID WITH AN ANTENNA

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Danish Patent Application No. PA 2013 70667 filed on Nov. 11, 2013, pending, and European Patent Application No. 13192323.7 filed on Nov. 11, 2013, pending. The entire disclosures of both of the above applications are expressly incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of hearing aids having antennas, especially adapted for wireless communication, such as for wireless communication with accessory and/or other hearing aids.

BACKGROUND

Hearing aids are very small and delicate devices and comprise many electronic and metallic components contained in a housing small enough to fit in the ear canal of a human or behind the outer ear. The many electronic and metallic components in combination with the small size of the hearing aid housing impose high design constraints on radio frequency antennas to be used in hearing aids with wireless communication capabilities.

Moreover, the antenna in the hearing aid has to be designed to achieve a satisfactory ear-to-ear performance despite the limitation and other high design constraints imposed by the size of the hearing aid.

SUMMARY

It is an object to overcome at least some of the disadvantages as mentioned above, and it is a further object to provide a hearing aid. The hearing aid comprises a hearing aid assembly having a first side and a second side, a signal processor, and a wireless communications unit. The wireless communications unit is connected to the signal processor. The hearing aid comprises an antenna for emission and reception of an electromagnetic field. The antenna is connected to the wireless communications unit. The antenna has an excitation point. A first branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point and a second branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point. The antenna may have a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency.

An advantage of the hearing aids as disclosed herein is that an optimal wireless ear-to-ear communication for most head sizes, shapes and amount of hair may be provided. Human heads and human ears vary in size and shape and also the amount of hair varies from person to person. Hearing aids adapted for wireless communications may be susceptible to impairments of for example the ear-to-ear communication due to e.g. the head of the user. Radio waves from a hearing aid at one side may have to travel around the head in order to reach the hearing aid at the other ear. Therefore, the human head may be perceived as an obstacle to the ear-to-ear communication. It is particularly advantageous that the hearing aid as herein disclosed may be optimal for most heads.

In some embodiments, the antenna has a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency. The first resonant frequency may be different from the second resonant frequency. Typically, the antenna is configured so that current flowing in the antenna forms standing waves along the length of the antenna. The length of an antenna may for example be tailored so that the length of the antenna equals a quarter wavelength of the desired electromagnetic field, or any multiple, or any odd multiple, thereof. In one or more embodiments, an absolute relative difference between the total length of the antenna and the wavelength may be less than a threshold, such as less than 10%, 25%, etc. In some embodiments a total length of the antenna is between three quarters of a wavelength and five quarters of a wavelength.

The first resonant frequency may correspond to a resonant frequency for the first branch, so that the length of the first branch is tailored to be approximately a quarter of a wavelength, or any multiple, or any odd multiple, thereof, for the first resonant frequency, and likewise, the second resonant frequency may correspond to a resonant frequency for the second branch, so that the length of the second branch is tailored to be approximately a quarter of a wavelength, or any multiple, or any odd multiple, thereof, for the second resonant frequency.

The first branch may have a first length and the second branch may have a second length. The first length may be different from the second length, and in one or more embodiments, the second length may be longer than the first length. A different length for each branch may thus provide different resonant frequencies for each branch and thus a larger bandwidth for the antenna transmission. The length of the first or the second branch may be equal to, such as substantially equal to λ/4, where λ corresponds to the wavelength. The first length and/or the second length may be at least λ/4.

Thus, an antenna in a hearing aid having a first and a second resonant frequency may have a total frequency bandwidth which is larger than if the antenna had only a single resonant frequency. It is an advantage of a hearing aid having two different resonant frequencies that the hearing aid may support wireless transmission around a large variety of head sizes and shapes.

Typically, an excitation point is electrically connected to a source, such as the wireless communication unit, such as a radio chip, such as a transceiver, a receiver, a transmitter, etc. The antenna may be excited using any conventional means, using a direct or an indirect or coupled feed, and for example be fed using a feed line, such as a transmission line. The current induced in the antenna may have a first local maximum at a proximate excitation point of the antenna.

The first branch of the antenna may extend from the excitation point to a first end of the antenna, and the second branch of the antenna may extend from the excitation point to a second end of the antenna. The antenna may be structured with two branches extending from the same excitation point.

A first distance from the excitation point to the first end may be smaller than a second distance from the excitation point to the second end. In some embodiments, the relative difference between the first distance and the second distance may be less than 25%, such as less than 10%. The distance may be measured along the first branch and along the second branch, respectively.

The first end and/or the second end may be free, so that the first end and/or the second end may be a free end or an open end. If the first end and/or the second end is free, the current at the end of the first branch and/or at the end of the second branch may be near zero. Alternatively, the first end and/or the second end may be interconnected with the excitation point via at least a third and/or fourth branch. The third branch may be different from the first branch, and/or the fourth branch may be different from the second branch. The current in the third branch may have a local maximum near the excitation point. In some embodiments, In some embodiments, the third branch extends along the first side of the hearing aid assembly. The fourth branch may extend along the second side of the hearing aid assembly.

In one or more embodiments, the first and/or second branch may form a loop. The loop formed by the first and/or the second branch may return to the excitation point. An advantage of a loop formed by the first and/or the second branch is that it may provide a relatively long total length of the antenna and therefore may improve the ear-to-ear performance of the hearing aid. In some embodiments, the first and/or second branch may be a plate or a dish of conductive material.

At least a part of the second branch may extend from the first side to the second side.

At least a part of the first branch may extend along the first side, and/or at least a part of the second branch may extend along the second side. The first side may be a longitudinal side of the hearing aid assembly and the second side may be another longitudinal side of the hearing aid assembly. The first side may be opposite the second side. The second branch may be partly parallel to the first branch. In some embodiments, the part of the first branch extending along the first side of the hearing aid, and the part of the second branch extending along the second side of the hearing aid may be symmetric parts, i.e. so that the said parts form symmetric antenna structures about a plane through the antenna, and/or so that the said parts may have an, at least substantially, same shape.

In some embodiments, the antenna may be a monopole antenna.

The hearing aid may be a behind-the-ear hearing aid configured to be positioned behind the ear of the user during use, and the first side may be a first longitudinal side of the hearing aid and the second side may be a second longitudinal side of the hearing aid. The antenna may be accommodated in the housing with its longitudinal direction along the length of the housing. Preferably, the antenna is accommodated within the hearing aid housing, preferably so that the antenna is positioned inside the hearing aid housing without protruding out of the housing.

The hearing aid disclosed herein may be configured for operation in ISM frequency band. Preferably, the antennas are configured for operation at a frequency of at least 1 GHz, such as at a frequency between 1.5 GHz and 3 GHz such as at a frequency of 2.4 GHz.

A hearing aid includes: a signal processor; a wireless communications unit, the wireless communications unit being connected to the signal processor; and an antenna for electromagnetic field emission and electromagnetic field reception, the antenna being connected to the wireless communications unit, the antenna having an excitation point; wherein a first branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point and a second branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point; and wherein the antenna has a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency.

Optionally, the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency.

Optionally, the first branch has a first length and the second branch has a second length.

Optionally, the first length is different from the second length.

Optionally, the second length is longer than the first length.

Optionally, the first length is at least λ/4 and/or wherein the second length is at least λ/4.

Optionally, the first branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point to a first end, and wherein the second branch of the antenna extends from the excitation point to a second end.

Optionally, a first distance from the excitation point to the first end is smaller than a second distance from the excitation point to the second end.

Optionally, a relative difference between the first distance and the second distance is less than 25%

Optionally, the first end and/or the second end is free, or wherein the first end and/or the second end is interconnected with the excitation point via a third and/or forth branch.

Optionally, the third branch is different from the first branch, and/or wherein the forth branch is different from the second branch.

Optionally, the first branch forms a loop and/or the second branch forms a loop.

Optionally, the antenna is a part of an assembly, and wherein at least a part of the second branch extends from a first side of the assembly to a second side of the assembly.

Optionally, the antenna is a part of an assembly, and wherein at least a part of the first branch extends along a first side of the assembly, and/or wherein at least a part of the second branch extends along a second side of the assembly.

Optionally, the antenna is a part of an assembly, wherein the hearing aid is a behind-the-ear hearing aid configured to be positioned behind an ear of a user during use, and wherein the hearing aid has a first longitudinal side that corresponds with the first side of the assembly and a second longitudinal side that corresponds with the second side of the assembly.

Other aspects and features will be evident from reading the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a block-diagram of a hearing aid,

FIG. 2 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of a hearing aid comprising an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 3 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of a hearing aid comprising an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 4 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of a hearing aid comprising an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 5 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 6 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 7 shows schematically an exemplary implementation of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the current distribution along an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the current distribution along an antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure,

FIG. 10 is a plot showing the signal quality versus a varying frequency, for the antenna of this disclosure with respect to antennas with first or second branch being a monopole,

FIG. 11 is a 3D illustration of an exemplary antenna in a behind-the-ear hearing aid,

FIGS. 12
a-b show a hearing aid positioned on the right and left ear of a user's head with the hearing aid comprising an antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are described hereinafter with reference to the figures, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. The claimed invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. Like elements will, thus, not be described in detail with respect to the description of each figure. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the claimed invention or as a limitation on the scope of the claimed invention. In addition, an illustrated embodiment needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

In the following, the embodiments are described primarily with reference to a hearing aid, such as a binaural hearing aid. It is however envisaged that the disclosed features and embodiments may be used in combination with any aspect described herein.

As used herein, the term “antenna” refers to an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves. An antenna, such as an electric antenna, may comprise an electrically conductive material connected to e.g. a wireless communications unit, such as a radio chip, a receiver or a transmitter.

FIG. 1 shows a block-diagram of a hearing aid. In FIG. 1, the hearing aid 10 comprises a microphone 11 for receiving incoming sound and converting it into an audio signal, i.e. a first audio signal. The first audio signal is provided to a signal processor 12 for processing the first audio signal into a second audio signal compensating a hearing loss of a user of the hearing aid. A receiver is connected to an output of the signal processor 12 for converting the second audio signal into an output sound signal, e.g. a signal modified to compensate for a users hearing impairment, and provides the output sound to a speaker 13. Thus, the hearing instrument signal processor 12 may comprise elements such as amplifiers, compressors and noise reduction systems etc. The hearing aid may further have a feedback loop for optimizing the output signal. The hearing aid has a wireless communication unit 14 (e.g. a transceiver) for wireless communication interconnected with an antenna 15 for emission and reception of an electromagnetic field. The wireless communication unit 14 may connect to the hearing aid signal processor 12 and an antenna 15, for communicating with external devices, or with another hearing aid, located at another ear, in a binaural hearing aid system.

The specific wavelength, and thus the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic field, is of importance when considering communication involving an obstacle. In the present invention the obstacle is a head with a hearing aid comprising an antenna located closed to the surface of the head. If the wavelength is too long such as a frequency of 1 GHz and down to lower frequencies greater parts of the head will be located in the near field region. This results in a different diffraction making it more difficult for the electromagnetic field to travel around the head. If on the other hand the wavelength is too short, the head will appear as being too large an obstacle which also makes it difficult for electromagnetic waves to travel around the head. An optimum between long and short wavelengths is therefore preferred. In general the ear to ear communication is to be done in the band for industry, science and medical with a desired frequency centred around 2.4 GHz.

FIG. 2 shows schematically an embodiment of a hearing aid 20 comprising an antenna 25, a wireless communications unit 24 and a ground plane 26. Antenna 25 comprises an excitation point 23, a first branch 21, and a second branch 22. The first branch 21 extends from the excitation point 23. The second branch 22 extends from the excitation point 23. The first branch 21 and the second branch 22 may extend from the excitation point 23 in different directions. The excitation point 23 is connected to the wireless communications unit 24 via a transmission line 27. A part 221 of the second branch 22 extends from a first side of the hearing aid 20 to a second side of the hearing aid 20.

In general, various branches of the antenna may be formed with different geometries, they may be wires or patches, bend or straight, long or short as long as they obey the above relative configuration with respect to each other such that the antenna comprises an excitation point, a first branch of the antenna extending from the excitation point and a second branch of the antenna extending from the excitation point and such that the antenna has a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency.

FIG. 3 shows schematically an embodiment of a hearing aid 30 according to the present disclosure. The hearing aid 30 comprises an antenna 35. The antenna 35 comprises an excitation point 33, a first branch 31, and a second branch 32. The first branch 31 extends from the excitation point 33. The second branch 32 extends from the excitation point 33. The second branch 32 comprises a part 321 that extends from the first side to the second side, wherein the part 321 extends from the excitation point 33 to the second side in a curve. The first branch 31 and/or the second branch 32 may have any width and/or any shape configured according to hearing aid restrictions and/or antenna optimization while still providing a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency.

FIG. 4 shows schematically an embodiment of a hearing aid 40 according to the present disclosure. The hearing aid 40 comprises an antenna 45. The antenna 45 comprises an excitation point 43, a first branch 41, and a second branch 42. The first branch 41 extends from the excitation point 43 to a first end 412. The second branch 42 extends from the excitation point 43 to a second end 422. In FIG. 4, the second branch 42 comprises a part 421 that extends from a first side of the hearing aid 40 to a second of the hearing aid 40. The part 421 extends from the excitation point 43 positioned at an intersection of the first branch 41 with the second branch 42, wherein the part 421 extends from a first side to a second side directly from the excitation point to thereby obtain a high current at the bridge. The first end 412 and/or the second end 422 may be a free end. The current is seen to be zero at the free ends 412, 422 of the antenna 45. The ends 412, 422 may also be open or have an infinite impedance. Alternatively, the first end 412 and/or the second end 422 may be interconnected with the excitation point 43 via at least a third and/or fourth branch. The third branch may be different from the first branch, and/or the fourth branch may be different from the second branch.

FIG. 5 shows schematically an embodiment of an antenna for a hearing aid according to the present disclosure. The antenna 55 comprises an excitation point 53, a first branch 51, and a second branch 52. The first branch 51 has a first length and the second branch 52 has a second length. The first length and the second length are seen to be different. The second length is longer than the first length. In FIG. 5, a first distance d1 from the excitation point to the first end is smaller than a second distance d2 from the excitation point to the second end. The first or second length may be equal to the first distance d1 or the second distance d2 respectively. The distance is typically measured along the first branch 51 and the second branch 52, respectively.

The relative difference between the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 may be less than a threshold T1. The threshold T1 may be e.g. 25%, or 10%. The antenna 55 may be formed so that the distances d1 and d2 fulfil the following:

$\begin{matrix} d_{2} > d_{1}, d_{1} \approx \frac{1}{4} λ 0 < \langle \frac{d_{1} - d_{2}}{d_{2}} \rangle < T_{1}, T_{1} = 25 %, 10 % & (1) \end{matrix}$

wherein λ is the wavelength. In one or more embodiments, the first length and/or the second length is at least λ/4.

The length of the first and/or second branches 51, 52 is at least λ/4 (where λ is the wavelength) so that the first branch 51 and/or the second branch 52 are resonant structures. Furthermore, when the difference between the distance d1 and d2 is increased, the bandwidth of the antenna 55 increases.

The wavelength corresponds to the frequency that the wireless communication unit operates at.

FIG. 6 shows schematically an embodiment of an antenna for a hearing aid according to the present disclosure. The antenna 65 comprises an excitation point 63, a first branch 61, and a second branch 62. The first branch 61 is a plate. The second branch 62 comprises a plate and a bridge 621. The bridge 621 is a conducting element connecting the two plates, i.e. the first branch 61 and the second branch 62. In one or more embodiment, the length along a top part of a plate forming the first and/or second branch 61, 62 is at least λ/8 and the length along a side part of a plate forming the first and/or second branch 61, 62 is at least λ/8, thus having a total first and/or second length along the current path of at least λ/4. A length may also be measured diagonally across the path, etc. to thereby obtain a plurality of resonance frequencies.

FIG. 7 shows schematically an embodiment of an antenna for a hearing aid according to the present disclosure. The antenna 75 comprises an excitation point 73, a first branch 71, and a second branch 72. The first branch 71 forms a loop. The second branch 72 forms a loop and further comprises a bridge 721. The length d3 of the loop forming part of the second branch 72 may be small or it may be greater than ¼λ. If the length d3 is greater than ¼λ, the current has a zero at a point on the loop. The exact location of the zero depends on the magnitude of the current at the start of the loop (where the loop of the second branch 72 connects with the bridge 721) and the length d3 of the loop.

FIG. 8 shows the current along an antenna 45. The first branch 41 extends from the excitation point 43. The second branch 42 extends from the excitation point 43. The current is seen to be zero at the free ends 412, 422 of the antenna 45. It is furthermore seen that the maximum current is found along the second branch 42 near the excitation point 43. The current flowing in the first or second antenna branch forms standing waves along the length of the antenna branch; and for proper operation, the first or second antenna branch is operated at, or approximately at, a resonance frequency at which the length of the antenna branch equals a quarter wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic field, or any odd multiple, thereof.

A second frequency is applied to the antenna, and the current running through the antenna 45 has a second frequency that provides the antenna 45 with a resonance at the second frequency in the second branch 42 (i.e. the longest branch in FIG. 8) illustrated by the high current in the second branch 42. The antenna 45 has a second resonant frequency. Each antenna branch of antenna 45 is configured and structured to be resonant at an intended frequency of operation. The length of the second branch 42 in FIG. 8 is configured in such a way that it provides a second resonant frequency to the antenna 45 that achieves an optimal resonance. The first branch 41 is configured with a length and/or impedance that achieve sub-optimal resonance at the second resonant frequency. The antenna 45 has thus a second resonant frequency. The first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency.

FIG. 9 shows the current along an antenna 45. The current is seen to be zero at the free ends 412, 422 of the antenna 45. Alternatively to FIG. 8, it is seen that the maximum current is found along the first branch 41 near the excitation point 43. The current running through the antenna 45 has a frequency that provides the antenna 45 with a resonance at that frequency in the first branch 41 due to the appropriate length of the first branch 41 (e.g. at least λ/4 at the frequency of operation). The frequency is illustrated by the high current in the first branch. The antenna 45 has a first resonant frequency in the first branch 41 and a second resonant frequency in the second branch 42 that is different from the first resonant frequency. The different length of the antenna branches and the antenna operating frequency give a different resonant frequency for each branch.

FIG. 10 is a plot showing the signal quality versus a varying frequency, for the antenna of this disclosure with respect to antennas with first or second branch being a monopole. FIG. 10 provides an understanding of an antenna's bandwidth, i.e. the range of frequencies over which the antenna performance are optimal. The bandwidth illustrated in FIG. 10 corresponds to the range of frequencies on either side of the centre frequency (i.e. the resonance frequency of the complete antenna) where the antenna characteristics are within a suitable value of those at the centre frequency (e.g. 2.4 GHz). The plain curve 101 represents the signal quality of an antenna where the first branch is disconnected from excitation point, and the second branch is a monopole. The dashed curve 102 represents the signal quality of an antenna where the first branch is a monopole, and the second branch is disconnected from excitation point. The dotted curve represents the signal quality of the present invention as e.g. disclosed in embodiments 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 with respect to a varying frequency. As seen in FIG. 10, the present disclosure provides an antenna configuration with a wider bandwidth around the centre frequency than the respective antennas with a monopole branch, due to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency provided by the antenna of this disclosure.

The bandwidth provided by the antenna can be tuned using the length of the bridge 421, or the length of the second branch relative to the length of the first branch according to equations (1) above.

As can be derived from FIG. 10, this disclosure provides thus a wider bandwidth for the antenna of the hearing aid, which in turn may result in the hearing aid being suitable for a wider range of head sizes, shapes and hair styles.

FIG. 11 is a 3D illustration of an exemplary antenna in a behind-the-ear hearing aid.

FIG. 11 shows a behind-the-ear hearing aid 110 configured to be positioned behind the ear of the user during use. The behind-the-ear hearing aid 110 comprises an antenna 115, a wireless communication unit 119 (e.g. a radio chip) with a transmission line 119a to an antenna 115, a battery 116, a signal processor 117 and a sound tube 118 leading to the entrance of the ear canal. The antenna 115 comprises an excitation point 113, a first branch 111, and a second branch 120. The second branch 120 comprises a part 121 extending from a first side 130 of the hearing aid assembly to a second side 140 of the hearing aid assembly. The first side 130 of the hearing aid assembly is opposite the second side 140 of the hearing aid assembly 110. The excitation point 113 is at the first side 130 of the hearing aid assembly. The first branch 111 may in one or more embodiments be a first resonant structure provided proximate the first side 130 of the hearing aid, and the second part 120 of the antenna 115 may in one or more embodiments a second resonant structure provided proximate a second side 140 of the hearing aid. At least a part of the first branch 111 extends on the first side 130. At least a part of the second branch 120 extends on the second side 140. The first side 130 or the second side 140 is positioned parallel with the surface of the head of the user when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by the user. The first side 130 is a first longitudinal side of the hearing aid 110. The second side 140 is a second longitudinal side of the hearing aid 110.

FIGS. 12
a-b show an exemplary behind-the-ear hearing aid worn in its operational position by a user. FIG. 12a shows the behind-the-ear hearing aid 150 placed on the right ear of the user. The behind-the-ear hearing aid 150 comprises an antenna 155.

The antenna 155 comprises a first branch 151 and a second branch 152. The first branch 151 of the antenna is on the side of the hearing aid 150 facing away from the head of the user.

FIG. 12
b shows the behind-the-ear hearing aid 150 placed on the left ear of the user.

In FIG. 12b, the second branch 152 (i.e. the other branch than the one shown in FIG. 12a) is on the side of the hearing aid 150 facing away from the head of the user.

FIGS. 12
a-b illustrates the symmetry of the antenna implemented in a hearing aid according to this disclosure. The hearing aid disclosed herein is configured to be operational whether it is placed on the right ear or on the left ear.

The antenna 155 emits an electromagnetic field that propagates in a direction parallel to the surface of the head of the user when the hearing aid housing is positioned in its operational position during use, whereby the electric field of the emitted electromagnetic field has a direction that is orthogonal to, or substantially orthogonal to, the surface of the head during operation. In this way, propagation loss in the tissue of the head is reduced as compared to propagation loss of an electromagnetic field with an electric field component that is parallel to the surface of the head. Diffraction around the head makes the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna propagate from one ear and around the head to the opposite ear.

Although particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the claimed inventions to the preferred embodiments, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without department from the spirit and scope of the claimed inventions. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed inventions are intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
PA 2013 70667	Nov 2013	DK	national
13192323.7	Nov 2013	EP	regional

HEARING AID WITH AN ANTENNA

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