Patent Application
20060276591
The invention relates to a mixture of at least one nitrile rubber and at least one nitrile butadiene rubber and at least one reactive resin, in particular for an adhesive sheet for bonding metal parts adhesively to plastics in portable consumer electronics articles. The mixture has, subsequent to bonding, high bond strength and shock resistance even at low temperatures below −15° C.
The adhesive bonding of metal parts to plastics is typically effected using double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes. The adhesive forces needed for this are enough to fix and fasten the metal components on the plastics. Metals used are preferably steel, including stainless steel, and aluminum. Plastics used are, for example, PVC, ABS, PC or blends based on these polymers. For portable consumer electronics articles, however, the requirements are continually rising. On the one hand these articles are becoming ever smaller, and so the bond areas too are becoming smaller. On the other hand, the bond is required to meet additional requirements, since portable articles are used in a very large temperature range and, moreover, may be exposed to mechanical loads (collision, dropping, etc.). These requirements are particularly problematic for metal bonds to plastics. In a dropping event the plastic may absorb some of the energy, whereas metals do not deform at all. In this case the adhesive tape has to absorb a large part of the energy. This can be done particularly efficiently through the use of heat-activatable sheets, which are able to develop a particularly high adhesive force following activation.
Heat-activatable adhesives can be divided into two categories:
Thermoplastic heat-activatable sheets have already been known for a long time and are based, for example, on polyesters or copolyamides. Commercial examples thereof are available from the companies 3M (products 615, 615S) or tesa (product 8440). For application in portable consumer electronics articles, however, these thermoplastic heat-activatable sheets also have disadvantages. This relates in particular to the “oozing” under temperature and pressure application, since diecuts primarily are processed in the application, and then change their shape.
It is also possible to use reactive heat-activatable sheets. These possess significantly better dimensional stability if the elastomeric component has a high elasticity. Moreover, the reactive resins allow a crosslinking reaction to occur that significantly increases the bond strength. For this bonding, accordingly, it is possible to use, for example, heat-activatable sheets based on nitrile rubbers and phenolic resins, as available commercially, for example, in the product 8401 from tesa. A disadvantage of these reactive heat-activatable sheets, however, is the dependence of the bond strength on the curing conditions. Particularly exacting requirements are imposed here, since consumer electronics devices are manufactured in massive numbers and hence the individual components are produced in very short cycle times.
The high flow viscosity of the nitrile rubber gives the heat-activatable sheet a high dimensional stability and, as a result of the crosslinking reaction, allows high adhesive forces on metals and plastics. The high dimensional stability and low flow capacity, however, also possess disadvantages: As a result of the high strength, the heat-activatable sheet hardens very quickly at low temperatures and becomes brittle, with the result that at very low temperatures the bond becomes shock-sensitive and cracks.
Success has not hitherto been achieved in producing a heat-activatable sheet in a form such that the bond strength is very high at both high and low temperatures and hence allows a wide temperature range to be covered.
In the light of this prior art the object on which the invention is based is that of providing a heat-activatable adhesive sheet for fastening metal parts to plastics for portable consumer electronics articles which is functional across a broad temperature range. The sheet ought advantageously to withstand a cold shock test at −20° C. and to feature a high bonding strength in a temperature range from −20° C. to +50° C.
In accordance with the invention this object is achieved by means of an adhesive sheet comprising at least one heat-activatable adhesive based on a mixture of at least one nitrile rubber S1 and at least one carboxy-, amine-, epoxy- or methacrylate-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber S2, having a molecular weight of Mw of less than or equal to 20 000 g/mol and at least one reactive resin capable of crosslinking with itself, with other reactive resins and/or with S1 and/or S2.
The inventive blend of nitrile rubber S1 and functionalized, terminated nitrile butadiene rubber S2 and at least one reactive resin is a mixture having one, preferably two or more, and very preferably all, of the following properties:
Very advantageously, the mixture is in microphase-separated form (as blend), characterized by at least two different glass transition temperatures in the DSC (Differential or Dynamic Scanning Calorimeter),
The inventive mixture produces an improvement in the adhesive properties of the adhesive sheet.
In an advantageous embodiment of the inventive mixture, an improvement in the adhesive properties can be achieved particularly by virtue of the microphase separation and of the development of two glass transition temperatures at very low temperatures (less than −20° C.) and at high temperatures (>10° C.) (combination of adhesive properties at low and high temperatures).
As a result of chemical coupling of thermodynamically incompatible polymer chain regions, such polymers feature microphase separation: in other words, thermodynamically compatible polymer chain regions associate, whereas thermodynamically incompatible polymer chain regions segregate into spatially separate regions, but without macroscopic phase separation. Depending on the composition this results in phases of different structure (“domain forming”). For the invention it is not necessary for the microphase separation that is measured or observed accordingly to produce “ideal” structures.
Typical methods of determining the existence of microphase separation include, for example,
In the case of the microphase separation, the domains having the low glass transition temperature raise the low-temperature impact strength and the adhesion at low temperatures; the domains at high temperatures maintain the bond strength at high temperatures and the dimensional stability of the diecuts under pressure and temperature.
The glass transition temperatures reported here correspond to those obtained from quasi-steady state experiments, such as DSC (Differential or Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry).
The weight fraction of nitrile rubbers S1 and S2 is preferably between 25% and 70% by weight, more preferably between 30 and 60% by weight, in relation to the overall composition of the reactive heat-activatable sheet.
For the bonding of the metal parts to the plastics, depending on surface roughness, curvature or size, heat-activatable sheets are used with a layer thickness of between 25 and 300 μm; in one particularly preferred embodiment, with a layer thickness of 50 to 250 μm.
The inventive heat-activatable adhesive is based on a mixture of nitrile rubber S1 and a carboxy-, amine-, epoxy- or methacrylate-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber S2 having a molecular weight of Mw<20 000 g/mol.
Nitrile butadiene rubbers are available as Europrene™ from EniChem, or as Krynac™ and Perbunan™ from Bayer, or as Breon™ and Nipol N™ from Zeon. Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubbers are available as Therban™ from Bayer and as Zetpol™ from Zeon. Nitrile butadiene rubbers are polymerized either hot or cold.
The nitrile rubbers S1 in one preferred version of the invention have an acrylonitrile fraction of 15% to 45%. In order to prevent complete phase separation with the reactive resins, the acrylonitrile fraction ought to be greater than 15%, again based on the total fraction of S1.
Another criterion for the nitrile rubber S1 is the Mooney viscosity. Since it is necessary to ensure high flexibility at low temperatures, the Mooney viscosity ought preferably to be below 100 (Mooney ML 1+4 at 100° C.). Commercial examples of such nitrile rubbers include Nipol™ N917 from Zeon Chemicals.
The carboxyl-, amine-, epoxy- or methacrylate-terminated nitrile butadiene rubbers S2 having a molecular weight of Mw<20 000 g/mol preferably have an acrylonitrile fraction of 5% to 30%. In order to obtain optimum miscibility, the acrylonitrile fraction ought preferably to be at least more than 5%, again based on the total fraction of S2. In order to achieve microphase separation, the static glass transition temperature in the DSC ought to be preferably less than −30° C., more preferably less than −35° C. Since it is necessary to ensure high flexibility at low temperatures, the viscosity at 27° C. ought to be less than 3 000 000 mPas, very preferably less than 1 000 000 mPas (Brookfield DV II apparatus, spindle 21, rotary speed 6 min−1, otherwise in accordance with DIN 53018). Commercial examples of such nitrile rubbers S2 include Hycar™ from Noveon.
For carboxy-terminated nitrile butadiene rubbers it is preferred to employ rubbers having a carboxylic acid number of 15 to 45, very preferably of 20 to 40. The carboxylic acid number is reported as the value in milligrams of KOH that is needed in order to neutralize the carboxylic acid completely.
For amine-terminated nitrile butadiene rubbers it is particularly preferred to use rubbers having an amine value of 25 to 150, more preferably of 30 to 125. The amine value relates to the amine equivalents determined by titration against HCl in ethanolic solution. The amine value is based on amine equivalents per 100 grams of rubber, but is ultimately divided by 100.
Very preferably the nitrile rubbers S1 and S2 are used such that the weight ratio lies between 30% nitrile rubber S1 to 70% nitrile rubber S2 and 95% nitrile rubber S1 to 5% nitrile rubber S2. More preferably the weight ratio of nitrile rubber S1 to nitrile rubber S2 lies between 40 to 60 and 70 to 30. It has been found particularly advantageous to select a balanced weight ratio, i.e., essentially 50 to 50.
The fraction of the reactive resins in the heat-activatable adhesive is between 75% and 30% by weight. One very preferred group comprises epoxy resins. The weight-average molecular weight Mw of the epoxy resins varies from 100 g/mol up to a maximum of 10 000 g/mol for polymeric epoxy resins.
The epoxy resins comprise, for example, the reaction product of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, glycidyl ester, the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and p-aminophenol.
Preferred commercial examples include Araldite™ 6010, CY-281™, ECN™ 1273, ECN™ 1280, MY 720, RD-2 from Ciba Geigy, DER™ 331, DER™ 732, DER™ 736, DEN™ 432, DEN™ 438, DEN™ 485 from Dow Chemical, Epon™ 812, 825, 826, 282, 830, 834, 836, 871, 872, 1001, 1004, 1031 etc. from Shell Chemical; and HPT™ 1071 and HPT™ 1079; likewise from Shell Chemical.
Examples of commercial aliphatic epoxy resins include vinylcyclohexane dioxides, such as ERL-4206, ERL-4221, ERL 4201, ERL-4289 or ERL-0400 from Union Carbide Corp.
Examples of novolak resins which can be used include Epi-Rez™ 5132 from Celanese, ESCN-001 from Sumitomo Chemical, CY-281 from Ciba Geigy, DEN™ 431, DEN™ 438, Quatrex 5010 from Dow Chemical, RE 305S from Nippon Kayaku, Epiclon™ N673 from Dai Nippon Ink Chemistry or Epikote™ 152 from Shell Chemical.
As reactive resins it is also possible, furthermore, to use melamine resins, such as Cymel™ 327 and 323 from Cytec.
As reactive resins it is also possible, furthermore, to use terpene-phenolic resins, such as NIREZ™ 2019 from Arizona Chemical.
As reactive resins it is also possible, in a further preferred procedure, furthermore, to use phenolic resins, such as YP 50 from Toto Kasei, PKHC from Union Carbide Corp., and BKR 2620 from Showa Union Gosei Corp. As reactive resins it is also possible, furthermore, to use phenolic resole resins in combination with other phenolic resins.
As reactive resins it is also possible, furthermore, to use polyisocyanates, such as Coronate™ L from Nippon Polyurethane Ind., Desmodur™ N3300 or Mondur™ 489 from Bayer.
In one advantageous embodiment of the adhesive sheet of the invention resins which enhance adhesive force (tackifying resins) are also added to the blend, very advantageously in a fraction of up to 30% by weight, based on the entire mixture of the heat-activatable adhesive. Tackifying resins for addition include, without exception, all tackifier resins already known and described in the literature. Representatives include the pinene resins, indene resins, and rosins, their disproportionated, hydrogenated, polymerized, and esterified derivatives and salts, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon resins, terpene resins and terpene-phenolic resins, and C5, C9, and other hydrocarbon resins. Any combinations of these and further resins may be used in order to adjust the properties of the resulting adhesive in accordance with requirements. Generally speaking, any resins that are compatible (soluble) with the rubbers S1 and/or S2 can be employed; reference may be made in particular to all aliphatic, aromatic, and alkylaromatic hydrocarbon resins, hydrocarbon resins based on single monomers, hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, functional hydrocarbon resins, and natural resins. Express reference is made to the depiction of the state of the art in “Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology” by Donatas Satas (van Nostrand, 1989).
In order to accelerate the reaction between the two components it is also possible, optionally, to additize the mixture with crosslinkers and accelerants.
Suitable accelerants include, for example, imidazoles, available commercially as 2M7, 2E4MN, 2PZ-CN, 2PZ-CNS, P0505, and L07N from Shikoku Chem. Corp. or Curezol 2MZ from Air Products. Also suitable as crosslinkers are additions of HMTA (hexamethylenetetramine).
It is also possible, furthermore, to use amines, especially tertiary amines, for acceleration. Besides reactive resins it is also possible to employ plasticizers. Here, in one preferred embodiment of the invention, plasticizers based on polyglycol ethers, polyethylene oxides, phosphate esters, aliphatic carboxylic esters, and benzoic esters can be used. It is also possible, furthermore, to employ aromatic carboxylic esters, high molecular mass diols, sulfonamides, and adipic esters.
It is additionally possible as an option to add fillers (e.g., fibers, carbon black, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, chalk, solid or hollow glass beads, microspheres of other materials, silica, silicates), nucleators, expandants, adhesion-reinforcing additives and thermoplastics, compounding agents and/or aging inhibitors, in the form for example of primary and secondary antioxidants or in the form of light stabilizers.
In a further preferred embodiment further additives are added to the blend, such as polyvinylformal, polyacrylate rubbers, chloroprene rubbers, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, methyl-vinyl-silicone rubbers, fluorosilicone rubbers, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene copolymer rubbers, butyl rubbers, and styrene-butadiene rubbers. Polyvinylbutyrals are available as Butvar™ from Solutia, Pioloform™ from Wacker, and Mowital™ from Kuraray. Polyacrylate rubbers are available as Nipol AR™ from Zeon. Chloroprene rubbers are available as Baypren™ from Bayer. Ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers are available as Keltan™ from DSM, as Vistalon™ from Exxon Mobil, and as Buna EP™ from Bayer. Methyl-vinyl-silicone rubbers are available as Silastic™ from Dow Corning and as Silopren™ from GE Silicones. Fluorosilicone rubbers are available as Silastic™ from GE silicones. Butyl rubbers are available as Esso Butyl™ from Exxon Mobil. Styrene-butadiene rubbers are available as Buna S™ from Bayer, as Europrene™ from EniChem, and as Polysar S™ from Bayer.
Polyvinylformals are available as Formvar™ from Ladd Research.
In a further preferred embodiment further additives are added to the blend, such as thermoplastic materials from the group of the following polymers: polyurethanes, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, polyesters, unplasticized polyvinyl chlorides, plasticized polyvinyl chlorides, polyoxymethylenes, polybutylene terephthalates, polycarbonates, fluorinated polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamides, ethylene-vinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetates, polyimides, polyethers, copolyamides, copolyesters, polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene and polyisobutene, and poly(meth)acrylates.
The adhesive force of the heat-activatable sheet can be enhanced by further purposive additizing. Thus it is possible, for example, to use polyimine copolymers or polyvinyl acetate copolymers as additions which promote adhesive force.
Preparation Processes
The inventive mixtures are preferably used as heat-activatable adhesives. The heat-activatable adhesives can be prepared from solution or in the melt. For preparation in solution it is preferred to use solvents in which at least one of the components enjoys good solubility. To prepare the mixture the known stirring assemblies, such as compounders, are used. For this purpose it may also be necessary to introduce heat. The heat-activatable adhesives are subsequently coated from solution or from the melt in particular onto a temporary backing. After coating from solution, the solvent is removed in a drying tunnel. For coating from the melt, the solvent is removed from the blend beforehand. In one preferred embodiment the solvent is stripped off in a concentrating extruder under reduced pressure, which can be done using, for example, single-screw or twin-screw extruders, which preferably distill off the solvent in different or like vacuum stages and which possess a feed preheater. Coating then takes place through a melt die or an extrusion die, the adhesive film being stretched if necessary or desired in order to achieve the optimum coating thickness.
In a further embodiment of the invention the heat-activatable adhesive is prepared in the melt. Blending of the resins can be done using a compounder or a twin-screw extruder, or a planetary roller extruder.
Coating then takes place again from the melt, and again preferably onto a temporary backing. Coating takes place through a melt die or an extrusion die, with the adhesive film being stretched if necessary or desired in order to achieve the optimum coating thickness.
Backing materials used are the typical materials familiar to the skilled worker, such as films (polyester, PET, PE, PP, BOPP, PVC, polyimide), nonwovens, foams, fabrics, and woven films, and also release paper (glassine, HDPE, LDPE). The backing materials should have been treated with a release coat. In one very preferred embodiment of the invention the release coat is composed of a silicone release lacquer or a fluorinated release lacquer. In one preferred embodiment the heat-activatable adhesive is coated directly onto a release paper and then used further as a transfer tape. To produce relatively large coat thicknesses it may also be of advantage to laminate two or more layers of adhesive together. This is effected with particular preference under introduced heat and pressure.
Test Methods:
Drop Test A) (See
The bond area is 2 cm2. A plate (1) of aluminum (Al) 1.5 mm thick and 2 cm wide is joined to a polycarbonate (PC) plate (2) 2 cm wide and 3 mm thick using an inventive heat-activatable adhesive sheet (3).
In a first step a heat-activatable sheet 200 μm thick is laminated to the aluminum with the aid of a 95° C. hotplate. Subsequently the release sheet is removed. The test specimens are bonded in a heating press (cf.
Subsequently the drop test is carried out (arrow in the figure: direction of dropping). A 50 g weight (4) is fastened to the PC plate. The whole assembly is then dropped from different heights onto a steel plate (5). A determination is made of the height at which the bond with the heat-activatable sheet is still able to absorb the impact and the Al/PC test specimens do not fall apart. The test is additionally carried out at different temperatures as well.
Bond Strength B)
The bond strength is determined by means of a dynamic shear test. The bond area is 2 cm2. A plate (1) of aluminum (Al) 1.5 mm thick and 2 cm wide is joined to a polycarbonate (PC) plate (2) 2 cm wide and 3 mm thick using an inventive heat-activatable adhesive sheet (3).
In a first step a heat-activatable sheet 200 μm thick is laminated to the aluminum with the aid of a 95° C. hotplate. Subsequently the release sheet is removed. The test specimens are bonded in a heating press (cf.
Subsequently the test specimens are pulled apart with a Zwick machine at 10 mm/min, using the slowly increasing force F. The measured unit is expressed in N/mm2 and is the maximum force measured in separating the test specimens (aluminum and polycarbonate) from one another. The measurement is carried out at different temperatures:
The measurements are carried out immediately after pressing and heat activation, waiting for about 30 minutes for acclimatization to the respective temperature range.
Cellphone Test C)
The heat-activatable sheet is used with a thickness of 200 μm for bonding an aluminum trim piece to a PC cellphone casing. The bond area is approximately 4 cm2. Bonding is carried out using a heating press at 180° C. at 5 bar with a 5-second cure time. After 24 h the cellphone shells are cooled, after bonding, to −20° C. The samples are then twisted counter to one another at this temperature.
Molecular Weight Determination
The average molecular weights Mw (weight averages) were determined by gel permeation chromatography in accordance with the following parameters:
Measurement was made against toluene as the internal standard.
Calibration was carried out with polystyrene standards in the cutoff range of the column; utilizing the known Mark Houwink coefficients a and K, the polystyrene calibration was converted universally to a PMMA calibration.
The molar mass averages and their distribution were calculated by means of the strip method (WinGPC version 6.20) with computer assistance on the basis of the universal (PMMA) calibration.
All figures are “PMMA molar mass equivalents”.
50% by weight of Breon N36 C80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 1 00C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
50% by weight of Nipol N1094-80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 100° C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
35% by weight of Nipol N1094-80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 15% by weight of CTBN 1300×13 CL (carboxy-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber from Noveon, Mw=3150 g/mol, 500 000 mPas at 27° C., carboxylic acid number 32, acrylonitrile fraction 26%), 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 100° C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
30% by weight of Nipol N1094-80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 20% by weight of CTBN 1300×13 CL (carboxy-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber from Noveon, Mw=3150 g/mol, 500 000 mPas at 27° C., carboxylic acid number 32, acrylonitrile fraction 26%), 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 100° C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
35% by weight of Nipol N1094-80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 15% by weight of ATBN 1300×45 (amine-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber from Noveon, Mw=3750 g/mol, 375 000 mPas at 27° C., amine number 30, acrylonitrile fraction 18%), 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 100° C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
30% by weight of Nipol N1094-80 (nitrile rubber) from Zeon, 20% by weight of ATBN 1300×45 (amine-terminated nitrile butadiene rubber from Noveon, Mw=3750 g/mol, 375 000 mPas at 27° C., amine number 30, acrylonitrile fraction 18%), 40% by weight of phenolic novolak resin Durez 33040 blended with 8% HMTA (Rohm & Haas) and 10% by weight of phenolic resole resin 9610 LW from Bakelite were prepared as a 30% strength solution in methyl ethyl ketone in a compounder. The kneading time was 20 h. The heat-activatable adhesive was subsequently coated from solution onto a glassine release paper and dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes. The coat thickness after drying was 100 μm. Two such plies were then laminated together with a roll laminator at 100° C. Thereafter the coat thickness was 200 μm.
Results:
The inventive heat-activatable adhesive sheets 3 to 6 were tested in the same way as with two reference Examples 1 and 2. Reference Example 1 represents a heat-activatable sheet based on a standard heat-activatable adhesive having a nitrile rubber and an acrylonitrile fraction of 36%. Reference Example 2 represents a heat-activatable sheet, which is based on a standard heat-activatable adhesive having a nitrile rubber and an acrylonitrile fraction of 23%. All examples were used under identical curing conditions to bond aluminum to polycarbonate PC—an application occurring frequently, for example, in the manufacture of cellphones. After bonding, the specimens were subjected to a drop test. The results are set out in Table 1. The respective drop height is reported in cm.
From Table 1 it is apparent that the Inventive Examples 3 to 6 have a significantly better cold shock sensitivity at −20° C., which is reflected in turn in the higher drop height possible. At room temperature, in contrast, the differences are very slight and all examples have a high resistance to shock.
Furthermore, the bond strengths were measured for the examples at different temperatures. Again, the bonding/curing conditions were held constant for all examples. The results are set out in Table 2.
From Table 2 it is apparent that at low temperatures in particular the bond strength is greatest for Inventive Examples 3 to 6. This illustrates the fact that, in conjunction with the outstanding low-temperature impact strength, the inventive examples exhibit a significantly better low-temperature behavior.
In a final test, a cellphone shell was bonded to an aluminum trim piece for relevance to actual practice. The cellphone shell was then twisted at a temperature of −20° C. In the case of Reference Examples 1 and 2, the bond opened up very easily. Inventive Examples 3 to 6, in contrast, could be twisted at these low temperatures without problems, and hence exhibit a significantly better adhesive performance at low temperature. At room temperature, in contrast, all 6 examples showed trouble-free performance and a high level of adhesion.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2005 026 191.4 | Jun 2005 | DE | national |
