HEAT EXCHANGE UNIT

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a heat exchange unit.

BACKGROUND ART

R410A is a refrigerant frequently used in conventional heat cycle systems such as air-conditioning apparatuses. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125 or R125), and is a near-azeotropic composition.

Unfortunately, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088. Due to the growing concern over global warming in recent yrs, it is becoming increasingly common to use R32 having a lower GWP of 675.

Accordingly, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No. 2015/141678) proposes various low GWP refrigerant mixtures that can potentially replace R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem

However, some of such low GWP refrigerants are flammable. Accordingly, it is preferable to employ a layout structure that, even if a flammable refrigerant leaks, reduces the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the vicinity of electric components.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and accordingly it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a heat exchange unit with which, even if a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching electric components is reduced.

Solution to Problem

A heat exchange unit according to a first aspect is a heat exchange unit that constitutes a portion of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, and includes a housing, a heat exchanger, a pipe connection part, and an electric component unit. The heat exchange unit is one of a service-side unit and a heat source-side unit. The service-side unit and the heat source-side unit are connected to each other via a connection pipe. The heat exchanger is disposed inside the housing. A refrigerant flows in the heat exchanger. The pipe connection part is connected to the connection pipe. The electric component unit is disposed inside the housing. The refrigerant is a refrigerant mixture containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, and is a flammable refrigerant. When the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end of the electric component unit is positioned above the pipe connection part.

As used herein, the term flammable refrigerant means a refrigerant with a flammability classification of “class 2L” or higher under the US ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.

Although not particularly limited, a pipe connection part may be a connection part connected, either directly or indirectly via another element, to a refrigerant pipe extending from a heat exchanger.

The type of the electric component unit is not particularly limited. The electronic component unit may be an electric component box accommodating a plurality of electric components, or may be a substrate provided with a plurality of electric components.

When the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end of the electric component unit is positioned above the pipe connection part. Therefore, even if a flammable refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene leaks from the pipe connection part, the flammable refrigerant is unlikely to reach the electric component unit because 1,2-difluoroethylene is heavier than air.

A heat exchange unit according to a second aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar to those of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a third aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fourth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventh aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a ninth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a tenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to those of R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to an eleventh aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

A heat exchange unit according to a twelfth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

A heat exchange unit according to a thirteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

A heat exchange unit according to a fourteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventeenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a nineteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (UFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar to that of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twentieth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty first aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty second aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty third aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty fourth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic side view of the indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic front view illustrating the internal structure of an indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a schematic side view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 26 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a second embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the second embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic configuration of an outdoor unit (with its front panel removed) in accordance with the second embodiment.

FIG. 29 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a third embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a plan view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a front view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 35 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit and a water circuit in accordance with a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 37 illustrates the schematic structure of a cold/hot water supply unit in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 38 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit and a water circuit in accordance with Modification A of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 39 illustrates the schematic configuration of a hot water storage apparatus in accordance with Modification A of the fourth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)

HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)

HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)

HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)

HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)

HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)

HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)

HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)

HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)

HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)

HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)

HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)

HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)

HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)

CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)

HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)

HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)

HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)

HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)

HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);

the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or

on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);

the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);

the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and

the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),

or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);

the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of

HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:

point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),

point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c);

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:

point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and

point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),

or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

Comp.
Comp.

Example

Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Example
2
Example
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7

R1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3

GWP
—
2088
1
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
—
30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6

TABLE 2

Comp.

Example

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.

Ex. 5
Example
5
Example
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8

Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2

COP ratio
%
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0

(relative

to 410A)

Refrigerating
%
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9

capacity ratio
(relative

to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80

glide

Discharge
%
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8

pressure
(relative

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0

TABLE 3

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Ex. 9
8
9
10
11
12

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5

410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0

ratio
410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51

Discharge pressure
% (relative to
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7

410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7

TABLE 4

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S′
T

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8

HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3

GWP
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07

Discharge pressure
% (relative
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8

TABLE 5

Comp. Ex.
Example
Example

10
20
21

Item
Unit
G
H
I

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0

GWP
—
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71

glide

Discharge
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
37.4
37.0
36.6

TABLE 6

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1

TABLE 7

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
27
28
29
30
31
32
Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0

TABLE 8

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 16
33
34
35
36
37
38
Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05

glide

Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8

TABLE 9

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61

glide

Discharge
% (relative
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4

TABLE 10

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78

glide

Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3

TABLE 11

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
53
54
55
56
57
58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47

Discharg epressure
% (relative
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2

TABLE 12

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64

Discharge pressure
% (relative
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1

TABLE 13

Example
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
64
65
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5

TABLE 14

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95

glide

Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6

TABLE 15

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0

R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9

TABLE 16

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0

HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1

TABLE 17

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0

GWP
—
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5

TABLE 18

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8

TABLE 19

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6

TABLE 20

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21

glide

Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4

TABLE 21

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58

glide

Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5

TABLE 22

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5

TABLE 23

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4

TABLE 24

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48

glide

Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5

TABLE 25

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3

TABLE 26

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62

glide

Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4

TABLE 27

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0

HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3

TABLE 28

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9

TABLE 29

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3

TABLE 30

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2

TABLE 31

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43

glide

Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2

TABLE 32

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97

glide

Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0

TABLE 33

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225

HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0

TABLE 34

Example
Example

Item
Unit
226
227

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.6
85.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
4.18
4.11

Discharge
% (relative
91.0
90.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
50.9
49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,

the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), and

the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,

the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item
Unit
G
H
I

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10

TABLE 36

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

WCF
HFO-
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

1132

(E)

HFO-
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

1123

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

Leak condition
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

that results
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping,

in WCFF
−40° C.
−40° C.
−40° C.
−40° C.
−40° C.
−40° C.

92%
90%
90%
66%
12%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
gas
gas
gas
gas

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0

1132

(E)

HFO-
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8

1123

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2

Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
9
9
8 or less

velocity (WCF)

Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

velocity (WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)

point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.

In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Comparative

Comparative

1
2
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
R410A
HFO-1132E
3
1
2
3
4
5
4

HFO-1132E
mass %
—
100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %

0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40

(WCF)

GWP
—
2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06

pressure

Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

flammable

(WCF)

TABLE 38

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
10

Item
Unit
5
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
HFO-1123

HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100

(WCF)

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39

pressure

Leakage test conditions
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
—

(WCFF)
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side
side
side

HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38
—

(WCFF)

HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62

(WCFF)

Burning
cm/sec
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
5

velocity

(WCF)

Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

(WCFF)

ASHRAE flammability
2
2
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L

classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0≤a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),

point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),

point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);

if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),

point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),

point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or

if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),

point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),

point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 1

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7

HFO-1123
Mass %

0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %

31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4

R32
Mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
2088
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 40

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 2

Item
Unit
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2

R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 41

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21
Ex. 3

Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4

R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

GWP
—
77
77
76
76
77
76
77

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 42

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
99
100
99
100

COP
%
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 43

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 27
Ex. 28
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
Ex. 5

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3

R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2

GWP
—
125
125
124
125
124
125

COP
%
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 44

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35
Ex. 36
Ex. 6

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
149
150
149
150

COP
%
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 45

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 37
Ex. 38
Ex. 39
Ex. 40
Ex. 41
Ex. 42

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5

R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7

GWP
—
182
182
181
182
181
182

COP
%
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 46

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
198
199
198
200

COP
%
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 47

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 49
Ex. 50
Ex. 51
Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8

R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7

GWP
—
250
250
248
249
248
250

COP
%
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 48

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57
Ex. 58
Ex. 59
Ex. 60

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1

1132

(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
300
300
298
299
298
299

COP
%
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9

erating
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 49

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 61
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64
Ex. 65

Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8

R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8

GWP
—
325
323
324
323
324

COP ratio
%
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8

capacity ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

TABLE 50

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 66
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 51

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 67
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 52

Item
Unit
Ex. 21
Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 27
Ex. 28

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 53

Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
68
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 54

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
36
37
38
39
69
40
41
42

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 55

Item
Unit
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 49
Ex. 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 56

Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
70
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 57

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
58
59
60
61
71
62
63
64

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 58

Item
Unit
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 69
Ex. 70
Ex. 71
Ex. 72

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 59

Item
Unit
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
Ex. 80

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 60

Item
Unit
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 61

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 62

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
80
81
82

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.1
99.5
99.9

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
82.9
82.3
81.7

TABLE 63

Item
Unit
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 64

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
97
83
98
99
100
101
102
103

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 65

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
104
105
106
84
107
108
109
110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 66

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
85
116
117

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 67

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 68

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7

TABLE 69

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
133
87
134
135
136
137
138
139

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8

TABLE 70

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 71

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 72

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
156
157
158
159
160
88
89
90

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 73

Comp. Ex. 9
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
1
92
93
94
95

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8

TABLE 74

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3

TABLE 75

Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
96
169
170
171
172
173
174
175

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1

TABLE 76

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
176
97
177
178
179
180
181
182

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to

capacity ratio
R410A)
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8

TABLE 77

Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
183
184
98
185
186
187
188
189

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4

TABLE 78

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
190
191
192
99
193
194
195
196

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 79

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
197
198
199
200
100
201
202
203

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3

TABLE 80

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3

TABLE 81

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7

TABLE 82

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
101

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to

R410A)
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to

ratio
R410A)
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4

TABLE 83

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
102
103
104

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.8
100.0
100.2

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
84.1
83.8
83.4

TABLE 84

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
105

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 85

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
106

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 86

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
107

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 87

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
108

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 88

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 89

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 90

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 91

Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
279
280
109
110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0

TABLE 92

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
281
282
283
284
285
111
286
287

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 93

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
288
289
290
112
291
292
293
294

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 94

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
295
113
296
297
298
299
300
301

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 95

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 96

Item
Unit
Ex. 400

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0

R32
Mass %
44.1

GWP
—
299

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.7

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
92.3

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);

if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
6
13
19
24
29
34

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

%

HFO-1123
Mass
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

%

R1234yf
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

%

R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

%

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 98

Item
Comp. Ex. 39
Comp. Ex. 45
Comp. Ex. 51
Comp. Ex. 57
Comp. Ex. 62

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 99

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
7
14
20
25
30
35

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

%

HFO-1123
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

%

R1234yf
Mass
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

%

R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

%

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 100

Item
Comp. Ex. 40
Comp. Ex. 46
Comp. Ex. 52
Comp. Ex. 58
Comp. Ex. 63

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 101

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 8
Ex. 15
Ex. 21
Ex. 26
Ex. 31
Ex. 36

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that results
Storage/
Strorage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 102

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 41
Ex. 47
Ex. 53
Ex. 59
Ex. 64

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that results
Storage/
Strorage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
90%
86%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
gas
gas

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8.3
9.3
9.6

(WCF)

less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 103

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 9
Ex. 16
Ex. 22
Ex. 27
Ex. 32
Ex. 37

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that results
Storage/
Strorage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
92%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas
gas
gas
liquid
gas
gas

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4

R1234yf
Mass %
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 104

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 42
Ex. 48
Ex. 54
Ex. 60
Ex. 65

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that results
Storage/
Strorage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas
gas
gas
gas
gas

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132
Mass %
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2

R32
Mass %
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²−
0.02a²−
0.0135a²−
0.0111a2 −
0.0061a²−

Approximate
1.7478a +
1.6013a +
1.4068a +
1.3152a +
0.9918a +

expression
72.0
71.105
69.727
68.986
63.902

HFO-1123
−0.026a²+
−0.02a²+
−0.0135a²+
−0.0111a2 +
−0.0061a²−

Approximate
0.7478a +
0.6013a +
0.4068a +
0.3152a +
0.0082a +

expression
28.0
28.895
30.273
31.014
36.098

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 106

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8

R32
a
a
a
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²−
0.02a²−
0.0135a²−
0.0111a²−
0.0061a²−

Approximate
1.7478a +
1.6013a +
1.4068a +
1.3152a +
0.9918a +

expression
72.0
71.105
69.727
68.986
63.902

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.026a²+
−0.02a²+
−0.0135a²+
−0.0111a²+
−0.0061a²−

Approximate
0.7478a +
0.6013a +
0.4068a +
0.3152a +
0.0082a +

expression
28.0
28.895
30.273
31.014
36.098

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a²−
0.0243a²−
0.0246a²−
0.0183a²−
−0.0134a²+

Approximate
0.9645a +
1.4161a +
1.4476a +
1.1399a +
1.0956a +

expression
47.1
49.725
50.184
46.493
7.13

HFO-1123
−0.0049a²−
−0.0243a²+
−0.0246a²+
−0.0183a²+
0.0134a²−

Approximate
0.0355a +
0.4161a +
0.4476a +
0.1399a +
2.0956a +

expression
52.9
50.275
49.816
53.507
92.87

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 108

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
x
x
x
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0514a²−
0.0341a²−
0.0196a²−
−0.0051a²+
−1.892a +

Approximate
2.4353a +
2.1977a +
1.7863a +
0.0929a +
29.443

expression
61.7
61.187
58.515
25.95

HFO-1123
−0.0323a²+
−0.0236a²+
−0.0079a²−
0
0

Approximate
0.4122a +
0.34a +
0.1136a +

expression
5.9
5.636
8.702

R1234yf
−0.0191a²+
−0.0105a²+
−0.0117a²+
0.0051a²−
0.892a +

Approximate
1.0231a +
0.8577a +
0.8999a +
1.0929a +
70.557

expression
32.4
33.177
32.783
74.05

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2

R32
a
a
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a²−
0.0112a²−
0.0107a²−
0.0103a²−
0.0085a²−

Approximate
1.9681a +
1.9337a +
1.9142a +
1.9225a +
1.8102a +

expression
68.6
68.484
68.305
68.793
67.1

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0134a²+
−0.0112a2 +
−0.0107a²+
−0.0103a²+
−0.0085a²+

Approximate
0.9681a +
0.9337a +
0.9142a +
0.9225a +
0.8102a +

expression
31.4
31.516
31.695
31.207
32.9

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0

R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2

R32
a
a
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0144a²−
0.0075a²−
0.009a²−
0.0046a²−
0.0012a²−

Approximate
1.6377a +
1.5156a +
1.6045a +
1.41a +
1.1659a +

expression
58.7
58.199
59.318
57.286
52.95

R1234yf
−0.0144a²+
−0.0075a²+
−0.009a²+
−0.0046a²+
−0.0012a²+

Approximate
0.6377a +
0.5156a +
0.6045a +
0.41a +
0.1659a +

expression
41.3
41.801
40.682
42.714
47.05

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9

R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6

Approximate

expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0

HF0-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9

R1234yf
0
0
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0

Approximate

expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),

point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),

point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and

point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and

point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

TABLE 113

Compar-

ative

Ex-

Ex-

Ex-

Example
Ex-
ample
Ex-
ample
Ex-
ample

13
ample
12
ample
14
ample
16

Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L

WCF
HFO-
Mass
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9

1132
%

(E)

R32
Mass
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

%

R1234
Mass
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4

yf
%

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 114

Compar-

ative Ex-

Example

Example

ample 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example

Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8

Leak condition that results in
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0

Burning Velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 115

Example 23
Example
Example 25

Item

Unit
O
24
P

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0% release, on
0% release, on
0% release, on

the gas phase
the gas phase
the gas phase

side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4

R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5

Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning Velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of UFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-

Compar-
ative Ex-
ative Ex-
ative Ex-
ative Ex-
ative Ex-
ative Ex-

ative Ex-
ample 2
ample 3
ample 4
ample 5
ample 6
ample 7

Item
Unit
ample 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0

R32
Mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5

R1234yf
Mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5

GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
350

COP Ratio
% (relative
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 117

Compar-

Compar-

ative Ex-
Compar-
ative Ex-

Ex-

Ex-

ample 8
ative Ex-
ample 10
Ex-
ample 2
Ex-
ample 4

Item
Unit
C
ample 9
C′
ample 1
R
ample 3
T

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6

R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8

GWP
—
1
69
125
188
250
300
350

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 118

Compar-

Ex-

Ex-
Compar-

Ex-

ative Ex-
Ex-
ample
Ex-
ample
ative Ex-
Ex-
ample

ample 11
ample
6
ample
8
ample 12
ample
10

Item
Unit
E
5
N
7
U
G
9
V

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9

GWP
—
2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 119

Comparative

Example 13

Example 12

Example 14

Example16
Example 17

Item
Unit
I
Example 11
J
Example 13
K
Example 15
L
Q

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 120

Comparative

Example 14

Example 19

Example 21

Item
Unit
M
Example 18
W
Example 20
N
Example 22

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9

GWP
—
2
36
70
100
125
188

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 121

Example 23
Example
Example 25
Example 26

Item
Unit
O
24
P
S

HFO-
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9

1132(E)

R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4

GWP
—
250
300
350
270

COP Ratio
%
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4

(related

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5

Capacity
(related

Ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 122

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
Example 27
Example 28
Example 19
Example 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

GWP
—
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 123

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
Example 29
Example 23
Example 30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 124

Comparative

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 31
Example 28
Example 32
Example 33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

GWP
—
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102

COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 125

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0

GWP
—
138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171

COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 126

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0

GWP
—
171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 127

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0

GWP
—
204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 128

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0

GWP
—
237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 129

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 40
Example 41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 42
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 130

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0

R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0

GWP
—
373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 131

Item
Unit
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0

R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0

GWP
—
43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1

R410A)
99.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 132

Item
Unit
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0

R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0

GWP
—
63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83

% (relative to
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7

COP Ratio
R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 133

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 134

Item
Unit
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0

R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0

GWP
—
124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0

Capacity
R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 135

Item
Unit
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81
Example 82
Example 83
Example 84
Example 85
Example 86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0

R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0

GWP
—
23
23
43
43
43
64
64
63

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 136

Item
Unit
Example 87
Example 88
Example 89
Example 90
Example 91
Example 92
Example 93
Example 94

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0

GWP
—
84
84
84
84
104
104
104
104

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 137

Item
Unit
Example 95
Example 96
Example 97
Example 98
Example 99
Example 100
Example 101
Example 102

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0

R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0

GWP
—
104
124
124
124
124
124
124
144

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 138

Item
Unit
Example 103
Example 104
Example 105
Example 106
Example 107
Example 108
Example 109
Example 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0

R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0

GWP
—
164
164
185
185
184
205
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 139

Item
Unit
Example 111
Example 112
Example 113
Example 114
Example 115
Example 116
Example 117
Example 118

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0

GWP
—
205
225
225
225
225
225
245
245

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 140

Item
Unit
Example 119
Example 120
Example 121
Example 122
Example 123
Example 124
Example 125
Example 126

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0

GWP
—
245
245
245
170
191
211
211
231

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 141

Item
Unit
Example 127
Example 128
Example 129
Example 130
Example 131
Example 132
Example 133
Example 134

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0

R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
231
231
252
251
251
251
272
272

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 142

Item
Unit
Example 135
Example 136
Example 137
Example 138
Example 139
Example 140
Example 141
Example 142

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0

R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0

GWP
—
272
271
292
292
292
292
292
312

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 143

Item
Unit
Example 143
Example 144
Example 145
Example 146
Example 147
Example 148
Example 149
Example 150

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0

R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0

GWP
—
312
312
312
312
332
332
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 144

Item
Unit
Example 151
Example 152

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0

R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0

GWP
—
332
332

COP Ratio
% (related
100.3
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (related
99.8
101.3

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and

the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),

the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4

points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),

the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),

point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

the line segment cd is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant E)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145

Item
Unit
I
J
K
L

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
35.5

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10

TABLE 146

Item
Unit
M
N
T
P
U
Q

WCF
HFO-
mass
47.1
38.5
34.8
31.8
28.7
28.6

1132(E)
%

HFO-1123
mass
52.9
52.1
51.0
49.8
41.2
34.4

%

R32
mass
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
30.1
37.0

%

Leak condition that results in
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the
on the
on the liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side
liquid
liquid
phase side

phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-
mass
72.0
58.9
51.5
44.6
31.4
27.1

1132(E)
%

HFO-1123
mass
28.0
32.4
33.1
32.6
23.2
18.3

%

R32
mass
0.0
8.7
15.4
22.8
45.4
54.6

%

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and

point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), and

the line segment KL is represented by coordinates (0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).

Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).

For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5K

Degree of subcooling: 5K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 147

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0

R32
mass %

9.5
9.5
18.4
18.4
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
2088
65
65
125
125
250
250

COP ratio
%
100
99.1
92.0
98.7
93.4
98.7
96.1

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
100
102.2
111.6
105.3
113.7
110.0
115.4

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 148

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
Example 1

Example 11

Item
Unit
O
C
Example 10
U
Example 2
D

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
100.0
50.0
41.1
28.7
15.2
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
31.6
34.6
41.2
52.7
67.0

R32
mass %
0.0
18.4
24.3
30.1
32.1
33.0

GWP
—
1
125
165
204
217
228

COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.3
109.9
111.7
113.5
114.8
115.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 149

Comparative

Comparative

Example 12
Comparative
Example 3
Example 4
Example 14

Item
Unit
E
Example 13
T
S
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
53.4
43.4
34.8
25.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
46.6
47.1
51.0
56.2
74.1

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
25.9

GWP
—
1
65
97
125
176

COP ratio
% (relative to
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.6
109.2
110.8
112.3
114.8

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 150

Comparative

Comparative

Example 15

Example 6

Example 16

Item
Unit
G
Example 5
R
Example 7
H

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.5
31.5
23.1
16.9
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
61.5
63.5
67.4
71.1
84.2

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
9.5
12.0
15.8

GWP
—
1
35
65
82
107

COP ratio
% (relative to
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
107.0
109.1
110.9
111.9
113.2

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 151

Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative

Example 17
8
9
Example
Example

Item
Unit
I
J
K
18
19

HFO-
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
41.1
35.5

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
27.7
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
188
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
95.8
95.9
96.4
97.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
107.4
110.1
112.1
113.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 152

Comparative
Example
Example
Example

Example 20
10
11
12

Item
Unit
M
N
P
Q

HFO-
mass %
47.1
38.5
31.8
28.6

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
49.8
34.4

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
250

COP ratio
%
93.9
94.1
94.7
96.9

(related

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
106.2
109.7
112.0
114.1

capacity
(related

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 153

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
22
23
24
14
15
16
25
26

HFO-
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mas s%
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

COP ratio
%
91.7
92.2
92.9
93.7
94.6
95.6
96.7
97.7

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
110.1
109.8
109.2
108.4
107.4
106.1
104.7
103.1

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 154

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
27
28
29
17
18
19
30
31

HFO-
mass %
90.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0

R32
mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
35
68
68
68
68
68
68
68

COP ratio
%
98.8
92.4
92.9
93.5
94.3
95.1
96.1
97.0

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
101.4
111.7
111.3
110.6
109.6
108.5
107.2
105.7

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 155

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
32
20
21
22
23
24
33
34

HFO-
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
10.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
68
102
102
102
102
102
102
102

COP ratio
%
98.0
93.1
93.6
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.5
97.4

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
104.1
112.9
112.4
111.6
110.6
109.4
108.1
106.6

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 156

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

HFO-
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
102
136
136
136
136
136
136
136

COP ratio
%
98.3
93.9
94.3
94.8
95.4
96.2
97.0
97.8

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
105.0
113.8
113.2
112.4
111.4
110.2
108.8
107.3

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 157

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

HFO-
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0

R32
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

GWP
—
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
203

COP ratio
%

(relative
94.6
94.9
95.4
96.0
96.7
97.4
98.2
95.3

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
114.4
113.8
113.0
111.9
110.7
109.4
107.9
114.8

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 158

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
25
26
56

HFO-
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0

R32
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
203
203
203
203
203
237
237
237

COP ratio
95.6
96.0
96.6
97.2
97.9
96.0
96.3
96.6

%

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
114.2
113.4
112.4
111.2
109.8
115.1
114.5
113.6

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 159

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

HFO-
mass %
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
25.0
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
271
271
271
271
271

COP ratio
%
97.1
97.7
98.3
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.2

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
112.6
111.5
110.2
115.1
114.6
113.8
112.8
111.7

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 160

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

HFO-
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0

R32
mass %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
14
14
14
14
28
28
28
28

COP ratio
%
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.7

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
107.7
107.5
107.3
107.2
108.6
108.4
108.2
108.0

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 161

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

HFO-
mass %
43.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
27.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
53.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
65.0

R32
mass %
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0

GWP
—
28
41
41
41
41
41
41
55

COP ratio
%
93.9
93.1
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.9
93.0

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
107.8
109.5
109.3
109.1
109.0
108.8
108.6
110.3

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 162

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

HFO-
mass %
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
32.0
32.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
51.0
50.0

R32
mass %
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
17.0
18.0

GWP
—
55
55
55
55
55
55
116
122

COP ratio
%
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.6
93.8
94.0
94.5
94.7

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
110.1
110.0
109.8
109.6
109.5
109.3
111.8
111.9

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 163

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

HFO-
mass %
30.0
27.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
13.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
52.0
42.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
54.0
52.0

R32
mass %
18.0
31.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
122
210
223
223
223
223
237
237

COP ratio
%
94.5
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.0
96.0

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
112.1
113.7
114.3
114.2
114.0
113.8
115.0
114.9

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 164

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

HFO-
mass %
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
52.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
237
237
237
237
250

COP ratio
%

(relative
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.5
96.2

to

R410A)
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
114.1
113.9
115.1

Refrigerating
%

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 165

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

HFO-
mass %
13.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0

R32
mass %
37.0
37.0
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
250
250
250
237
237
237
237
237

COP ratio
%
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
115.0
114.9
114.7
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 166

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

HFO-
mass %
25.0
27.0
11.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R32
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
250
250
250
250
250
250

COP ratio
%
96.4
96.5
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.6
96.7
96.8

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
114.1
113.9
115.1
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.1
114.0

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and

point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).

The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and

point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z²-0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).

The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and

point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).

The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 16 that illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 17 that is a schematic control block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment, which is a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit and an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 is an apparatus that performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle to condition air in a space that is to be air-conditioned.

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 includes the following components as its main components: an outdoor unit 20; an indoor unit 30; a liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and a gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connect the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit 30; a remote controller (not illustrated) serving as an input device and an output device; and a controller 7 that controls operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 1.

In the air-conditioning apparatus 1, a refrigeration cycle is performed in which refrigerant charged in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed, cooled or condensed, decompressed, and then heated or evaporated before being compressed again. In the first embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant used for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene. Any one of the refrigerants A to E mentioned above can be used as the refrigerant. Further, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20

As illustrated in FIG. 18, the exterior of the outdoor unit 20 is defined by an outdoor housing 50 having a substantially cuboid box shape. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the internal space of the outdoor unit 20 is divided by a partition plate 50a into left and right portions to define a fan chamber and a machine chamber.

The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and constitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit 10. The outdoor unit 20 includes, as its main components, a compressor 21, a four-way switching valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side shutoff valve 29, a gas-side shutoff valve 28, the outdoor housing 50, and an outdoor electric component unit 8.

The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure refrigerant into a high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. The compressor 21 used in the present case is a hermetic compressor with a rotary, scroll, or other type of positive displacement compression element (not illustrated) rotatably driven by a compressor motor. The compressor motor is used to change compressor capacity, and allows control of operating frequency by means of an inverter. The compressor 21 is provided with an attached accumulator (not illustrated) disposed on its suction side.

The four-way switching valve 22 is capable of switching its connection states between a cooling-operation connection state, in which the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23 while connecting the suction side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28, and a heating-operation connection state, in which the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28 while connecting the suction side of the compressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation, and functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a cross-flow fin-and-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins 23a disposed in the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 23b penetrating and secured to the heat transfer fins 23a.

The outdoor fan 25 generates an air flow for sucking outdoor air into the outdoor unit 20 for heat exchange with refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and then discharging the resulting air to the outside. The outdoor fan 25 is rotationally driven by an outdoor-fan motor. In the first embodiment, only one outdoor fan 25 is provided.

The outdoor expansion valve 24, whose opening degree can be controlled, is located between the liquid-side end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at a location in the outdoor unit 20 where the outdoor unit 20 connects with the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The liquid-side shutoff valve 29, and the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected by an outdoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 29a. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is disposed at a point along the outdoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 29a.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a location in the outdoor unit 20 where the outdoor unit 20 connects with the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The gas-side shutoff valve 28 is flare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The gas-side shutoff valve 28, and one of the connection ports of the four-way switching valve 22 are connected by an outdoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 28a.

As illustrated in FIG. 18, the outdoor housing 50 is a box-shaped body having an air outlet 52 and in which the components of the outdoor unit 20 are accommodated. The outdoor housing 50 has a substantially cuboid shape. The outdoor housing 50 is capable of taking in outdoor air from the back side and one lateral side (the left side in FIG. 18), and capable of blowing out air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 forward through the air outlet 52 provided on a front face 51 of the outdoor housing 50. The lower end portion of the outdoor housing 50 is covered with a bottom plate 53. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed upright on top of the bottom plate 53 so as to extend along the back side and one lateral side. The upper surface of the bottom plate 53 can serve as a drain pan.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 includes an outdoor-unit control unit 27 that controls operation of each component constituting the outdoor unit 20. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed above the compressor 21 in a space located inside the outdoor housing 50 of the outdoor unit 20 and defining the machine chamber partitioned off by the partition plate 50a. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is secured to the partition plate 50a. The lower end portion of the outdoor electric component unit 8 is positioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28 with respect to the vertical direction. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is preferably positioned 10 cm or more above and away from the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28. The outdoor-unit control unit 27 of the outdoor electric component unit 8 has a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and other components. The outdoor-unit control unit 27 is connected to an indoor-unit control unit 34 of indoor unit 30 via a communication line to transmit and receive a control signal or other information. The outdoor-unit control unit 27 is electrically connected to various sensors (not illustrated) to receive a signal from each sensor.

(6-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 is installed on, for example, the wall surface of an indoor space that is to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and constitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit 10.

The indoor unit 30 includes components such as an indoor heat exchanger 31, an indoor fan 32, an indoor liquid-side connection part 11, an indoor gas-side connection part 13, an indoor housing 54, and an indoor electric component unit 9.

The liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected with the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, and the gas-side end is connected with the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation, and functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 31 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins 31a disposed in the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 31b penetrating and secured to the heat transfer fins 31a.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is a connection part that is provided in an end portion of an indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 extending from the liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6.

The indoor gas-side connection part 13 is a connection part that is provided in an end portion of an indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 extending from the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and is flare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5.

The indoor fan 32 generates an air flow for sucking indoor air into the indoor housing 54 of the indoor unit 30 for heat exchange with refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31, and then discharging the resulting air to the outside. The indoor fan 32 is rotationally driven by an indoor-fan motor (not illustrated).

As illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, and 22, the indoor housing 54 is a housing with a substantially cuboid shape that accommodates the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and the indoor-unit control unit 34. The indoor housing 54 has, for example, a top face 55 defining the upper end portion of the indoor housing 54, a front panel 56 defining the front portion of the indoor housing 54, a bottom face 57 defining the bottom portion of the indoor housing 54, an air outlet 58a, a louver 58, left and right side faces 59, and a back face facing the indoor wall surface. The top face 55 has a plurality of top air inlets 55a defined in the vertical direction. The front panel 56 is a panel that extends downward from the vicinity of the front end portion of the top face 55. The front panel 56 has, in its upper portion, a front air inlet 56a defined by a laterally elongated opening. Indoor air is admitted through the top air inlets 55a and the front air inlet 56a into an air passage defined by a space inside the indoor housing 54 where the indoor heat exchanger 31 and the indoor fan 32 are accommodated. The bottom face 57 extends substantially horizontally below the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and other components. The air outlet 58a is provided at a lower front location of the indoor housing 54, below the front panel 56 and at the front side of the bottom face 57, such that the air outlet 58a is directed toward the lower front. A laterally oriented opening is provided at a lower position on the right side face 59, near the back side. The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part 13 are located in the vicinity of the opening.

The indoor electric component unit 9 includes the indoor-unit control unit 34 that controls operation of each component constituting the indoor unit 30. The indoor electric component unit 9 is secured at an upper position inside the indoor housing 54 of the indoor unit 30 near a lateral end portion located rightward of the indoor heat exchanger 31. The lower end portion of the indoor electric component unit 9 is positioned above the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connecting part 13 with respect to the vertical direction. The indoor electric component unit 9 is preferably positioned 10 cm or more above and away from the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connecting part 13. The indoor-unit control unit 34 of the indoor electric component unit 9 has a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and other components. The indoor-unit control unit 34 is connected to the outdoor-unit control unit 27 via a communication line to transmit and receive a control signal or other information. The indoor-unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to various sensors (not illustrated) disposed inside the indoor unit 30, and receives a signal from each sensor.

(6-3) Details of Controller 7

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1, the outdoor-unit control unit 27 and the indoor-unit control unit 34 that are connected via a communication line constitute the controller 7 that controls operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 1.

The controller 7 includes, as its main components, a central processing unit (CPU), and a ROM, a RAM, or other memories. Various processes and controls are implemented by the controller 7 through the integral functioning of various components included in the outdoor-unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor-unit control unit 34.

(6-4) Operating Modes

Operating modes will be described below.

A cooling operation mode and a heating operation mode are provided as operation modes.

The controller 7 determines, based on an instruction accepted from a remote controller or other devices, whether the operating mode to be executed is the cooling operation mode or heating operation mode, and executes the operating mode.

(6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode

In cooling operation mode, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 sets the four-way switching valve 22 to a cooling-operation connection state in which the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23 while connecting the suction side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28, such that refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated mainly through the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger 31 in this order.

More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is started, refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 is sucked into and compressed by the compressor 21, and then discharged from the compressor 21.

The capacity of the compressor 21 is controlled in accordance with the cooling load required by the indoor unit 30. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes through the four-way switching valve 22 into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Upon entering the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with the outdoor-side air supplied by the outdoor fan 25 and thus condenses into liquid refrigerant, which then leaves the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

After leaving the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant is decompressed when passing through the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition.

The refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 then passes through the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 into the indoor unit 30.

Upon entering the indoor unit 30, the refrigerant flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31. In the indoor heat exchanger 31, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 32 and thus evaporates into gas refrigerant, which then leaves the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. After leaving the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, the gas refrigerant flows toward the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5.

After flowing through the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, the refrigerant passes through the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the four-way switching valve 22 before being sucked into the compressor 21 again.

(6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode

In heating operation mode, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 sets the four-way switching valve 22 to a heating-operation connection state in which the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28 while connecting the suction side of the compressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23, such that refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated mainly through the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 in this order.

More specifically, when the heating operation mode is started, refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 is sucked into and compressed by the compressor 21, and then discharged from the compressor 21.

The capacity of the compressor 21 is controlled in accordance with the heating load required by the indoor unit 30. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows through the four-way switching valve 22 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and then enters the indoor unit 30.

Upon entering the indoor unit 30, the refrigerant flows into the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. In the indoor heat exchanger 31, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 32 and thus condenses into gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant or liquid refrigerant, which then leaves the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. After leaving the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, the refrigerant flows toward the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6.

After flowing through the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, the refrigerant is decompressed in the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the outdoor expansion valve 24 until its pressure reaches a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. The refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Upon entering the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with the outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 25 and thus evaporates into gas refrigerant, which then leaves the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

After leaving the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant passes through the four-way switching valve 22 before being sucked into the compressor 21 again.

(6-5) Characteristic Features of First Embodiment

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 mentioned above uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammable refrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8 included in the outdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment is positioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20 to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the outdoor electric component unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the outdoor unit 20.

Further, the indoor electric component unit 9 included in the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment is positioned above the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part 13, which respectively connect the indoor unit 30 to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connected and from where the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the indoor electric component unit 9 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the indoor unit 30.

(6-6) Modification A of First Embodiment

Although the foregoing description of the first embodiment is directed to an example in which the air-conditioning apparatus is provided with only one indoor unit, the air-conditioning apparatus may be provided with a plurality of indoor units connected in parallel with each other.

(6-7) Modification B of First Embodiment

The foregoing description is directed to an example in which the indoor unit used as the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment is of a type installed on, for example, the wall surface of an indoor space that is to be air-conditioned.

However, the indoor unit may not necessarily be of a type installed on the wall surface. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 23, 24, and 25, the indoor unit used may be an indoor unit 30a of a floor-standing type placed on the indoor floor of an air-conditioned space.

The indoor unit 30a includes, as its main components, an indoor housing 110, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, the indoor electric component unit 9, the indoor liquid-side connection part 11, and the indoor gas-side connection part 13. The indoor heat exchanger 31 and the indoor fan 32 are accommodated in the indoor housing 110. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is disposed in an upper space inside the indoor housing 110, and the indoor fan 32 is disposed in a lower space inside the indoor housing 110.

The indoor housing 110 has a cuboid shape bounded by a front panel 111, a right side panel 112, a left side panel 113, a top panel 114, a bottom panel 115, and a back panel 116. The front panel 111 has a right-side air outlet 117a located at the upper right as viewed facing the front panel 111, a left-side air outlet 117b located at the upper left as viewed facing the front panel 111, and a lower air outlet 117c located in a lower, laterally central portion of the front panel 111. A vertical flap 151a is disposed at the right-side air outlet 117a. The vertical flap 151a is used to, during non-operation of the indoor unit 30a, cover the right-side air outlet 117a to constitute a portion of the indoor housing 110, and used to, during operation of the indoor unit 30a, adjust the lateral direction of the air flow (see the two-dot chain lines) blown out from the right-side air outlet 117a. Likewise, a vertical flap 151b is disposed at the left-side air outlet 117b. The vertical flap 151b is used to, during non-operation of the indoor unit 30a, cover the left-side air outlet 117b to constitute a portion of the indoor housing 110, and used to, during operation of the indoor unit 30a, adjust the lateral direction of the air flow blown out from the left-side air outlet 117b.

The right side panel 112 of the indoor housing 110 has a right-side air inlet 118a located in a lower portion toward the front. The left side panel 113 of the indoor housing 110 has a left-side air inlet 118b at a lower forward location.

The indoor fan 32 is, for example, a sirocco fan provided with a large number of blades and whose axis extends in the front-back direction. The indoor fan 32 is disposed in an internal space S1 partitioned off by a partition plate 119. An internal space S2 is defined forward of the internal space S1, between the partition plate 119 and the front panel 111. An internal space S3 is defined above the internal spaces S1 and S2, with the indoor heat exchanger 31 serving as the boundary.

The indoor heat exchanger 31 is positioned above the indoor fan 32, at the location of the boundary between the internal space S1 and the internal space S3. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is disposed in an inclined orientation such that its portion closer to the upper end is located closer to the back panel 116. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is supported at the lower end by a drain pan 141. The drain pan 141 is disposed on top of the partition plate 119. The partition plate 119 and the drain pan 141 serve as the boundary between the internal space S2 and the internal space S3. In other words, the internal space S1 is bounded by the right side panel 112, the left side panel 113, the bottom panel 115, the back panel 116, the partition plate 119, the drain pan 141, and the indoor heat exchanger 31. The internal space S2 is bounded by the front panel 111, the right side panel 112, the left side panel 113, the bottom panel 115, the partition plate 119, and the drain pan 141. The internal space S3 is bounded by the right side panel 112, the left side panel 113, the top panel 114, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the drain pan 141, and the partition plate 119.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is a connection part that is provided in an end portion of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 extending from the liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is located at a height position similar to the upper end of the indoor fan 32.

The indoor gas-side connection part 13 is a connection part that is provided in an end portion of the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 extending from the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and is flare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The indoor gas-side connection part 13 is located at a height position similar to the upper end of the indoor fan 32.

The indoor electric component unit 9 is disposed inside the indoor housing 110, below the indoor heat exchanger 31, above the indoor fan 32, and forward of the partition plate 119. The indoor electric component unit 9 is secured to the partition plate 119. The lower end portion of the indoor electric component unit 9 is positioned above the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connecting part 13 with respect to the vertical direction.

A duct 120, which extends vertically along the front panel 111, is provided in the internal space S2. An upper portion of the duct 120 extends to reach a position between the right-side air outlet 117a and the left-side air outlet 117b with respect to the vertical direction. The lower end of the duct 120 extends to reach an upper portion of the lower air outlet 117c.

The vertical flap 151a is disposed at the right-side air outlet 117a, and the vertical flap 151b is disposed at the left-side air outlet 117b. Changing the angle of the vertical flaps 151a and 151b with respect to the front panel 111 adjusts the angle at which to guide the conditioned air to be blown out.

Each of the right-side air outlet 117a and the left-side air outlet 117b is provided with a large number of horizontal flaps 153. Each horizontal flap 153 is capable of rotating about its axis to thereby change the direction of blown-out air.

For the above-mentioned indoor electric component unit 9 as well, even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connected and from where the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the indoor electric component unit 9 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the indoor unit 30a.

(7) Second Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 26 that illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 27 that is a schematic control block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioning apparatus 1a according to a second embodiment, which is a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit and an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following description will mainly focus on differences of the air-conditioning apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment from the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1a as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to E described above that is a refrigerant mixture containing 1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20a

An outdoor unit 20a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment includes, as the outdoor fan 25, a first outdoor fan 25a and a second outdoor fan 25b. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 of the outdoor unit 20a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1a is provided with a large heat exchange area to adapt to the flow of air received from the first outdoor fan 25a and the second outdoor fan 25b.

In the outdoor unit 20a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1a, instead of the outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve 44, an intermediate-pressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve 45 are disposed in this order between the liquid-side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29. The respective opening degrees of the first outdoor expansion valve 44 and the second outdoor expansion valve 45 can be controlled. The intermediate-pressure receiver 41 is a container capable of storing refrigerant. An end portion of a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve 44, and an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoor expansion valve 45 are both located in the internal space of the intermediate-pressure receiver 41.

As illustrated in FIG. 28, the outdoor unit 20a according to the second embodiment has a structure (so-called trunk-type structure) in which the internal space of an outdoor housing 60 having a substantially cuboid box shape is divided by a vertically extending partition plate 66 into left and right portions to define a fan chamber and a machine chamber.

Components such as the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the outdoor fan 25 (the first outdoor fan 25a and the second outdoor fan 25b) are disposed in the fan chamber within the outdoor housing 60. Components such as the compressor 21, the four-way switching valve 22, the first outdoor expansion valve 44, the second outdoor expansion valve 45, the intermediate-pressure receiver 41, the gas-side shutoff valve 28, the liquid-side shutoff valve 29, and the outdoor electric component unit 8 including the outdoor-unit control unit 27 are disposed in the machine chamber within the outdoor housing 60.

The outdoor housing 60 includes, as its main components, a bottom plate 63, a top plate 64, a left front plate 61, a left-side plate (not illustrated), a right front plate (not illustrated), a right-side plate 65, and the partition plate 66. The bottom plate 63 defines the bottom portion of the outdoor housing 60. The top plate 64 defines the top portion of the outdoor unit 20a. The left front plate 61 mainly defines the left front portion of the outdoor housing 60. The left front plate 61 has a first air outlet 62a and a second air outlet 62b that are defined in the front-back direction and arranged vertically one above the other. Air that passes through the first air outlet 62a is mainly the air that has been sucked into the outdoor housing 60 from the back and left sides of the outdoor housing 60 by means of the first outdoor fan 25a and has passed through an upper portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23. Air that passes through the second air outlet 62b is mainly the air that has been sucked into the outdoor housing 60 from the back and left sides of the outdoor housing 60 by means of the second outdoor fan 25b and has passed through a lower portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23. A fan grill is disposed at each of the first air outlet 62a and the second air outlet 62b. The left-side plate mainly defines the left side portion of the outdoor housing 60, and can also serve as an inlet through which air is sucked into the outdoor housing 60. The right front plate mainly defines the right front portion of the outdoor housing 60 and the forward portion of the right side face of the outdoor housing 60. The right-side plate 65 mainly defines the rearward portion of the right side face of the outdoor housing 60, and the rightward portion of the back face of the outdoor housing 60. The partition plate 66 is a vertically extending plate-shaped member disposed on top of the bottom plate 63. The partition plate 66 divides the internal space of the outdoor housing 60 into the fan chamber and the machine chamber.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a cross-flow fin-and-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins disposed in the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrating and secured to the heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed inside the fan chamber in an L-shape in plan view so as to extend along the left side face and back face of the outdoor housing 60.

The compressor 21 is placed on top of the bottom plate 63 inside the machine room of the outdoor housing 60, and secured in place with a bolt.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 are disposed inside the machine chamber of the outdoor housing 60, at a height near the upper end of the compressor 21, in the vicinity of the right front corner.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed in a space inside the machine chamber of the outdoor housing 60 above the compressor 21. The lower end portion of the outdoor electric component unit 8 is positioned above both the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

With the air-conditioning apparatus 1a described above, in cooling operation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is controlled such that, for example, the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in cooling operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that, for example, the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

In heating operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that, for example, the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in heating operation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is controlled such that, for example, the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

(7-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 according to the second embodiment is similar to the indoor unit 30 described above with reference to the first embodiment, and thus will not be described in further detail.

(7-3) Characteristic Features of Second Embodiment

As with the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the air-conditioning apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammable refrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8 included in the outdoor unit 20a according to the second embodiment is positioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20a to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected, the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor electric component unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the outdoor unit 20a.

(7-4) Modification A of Second Embodiment

Although the foregoing description of the second embodiment is directed to an example in which the air-conditioning apparatus is provided with only one indoor unit, the air-conditioning apparatus may be provided with a plurality of indoor units connected in parallel with each other.

(8) Third Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 29 that illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 30 that is a schematic control block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to a third embodiment, which is a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit and an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following description will mainly focus on differences of the air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment from the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1b as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to E described above that is a refrigerant mixture containing 1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20b

An outdoor unit 20b of the air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment includes, in addition to the components of the outdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment, a low-pressure receiver 26, a subcooling heat exchanger 47, and a subcooling circuit 46.

The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container capable of storing refrigerant and disposed between one of the connection ports of the four-way switching valve 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21. In the third embodiment, the low-pressure receiver 26 is provided separately from an attached accumulator provided to the compressor 21.

The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is disposed between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off from a main circuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the subcooling heat exchanger 47, and extends so as to join a portion of the path from one of the connection ports of the four-way switching valve 22 to the low-pressure receiver 26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 is disposed at a point along the subcooling circuit 46 to decompress refrigerant passing through the subcooling expansion valve 48. The refrigerant flowing in the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed by the subcooling expansion valve 48 exchanges heat in the subcooling heat exchanger 47 with the refrigerant flowing in the main circuit. As a result, the refrigerant flowing in the main circuit is further cooled, and the refrigerant flowing in the subcooling circuit 46 evaporates.

A detailed structure of the outdoor unit 20b of the air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. 31 that is an exterior perspective view, FIG. 32 that is an exploded perspective view, FIG. 33 that is a schematic plan layout view, and FIG. 34 that is a schematic front layout view.

The outdoor unit 20b of the air-conditioning apparatus 1b has a so-called top-blowing structure in which air is taken into an outdoor housing 80 from the bottom and air is blown to the outside of the outdoor housing 80 from the top.

The outdoor housing 80 includes, as its main components, a bottom plate 83 placed over a pair of laterally extending installation legs 82 so as to span therebetween, a support 84 that extends vertically from each corner of the bottom plate 83, a front panel 81, and a fan module 85. The bottom plate 83 defines the bottom face of the outdoor housing 80, and is divided into a first bottom plate 83a at the left side and a second bottom plate 83b at the right side. The front panel 81 is placed below the fan module 85 so as to span between the supports 84 located at the front side, and defines the front face of the outdoor housing 80. The following components are disposed in a space inside the outdoor housing 80 below the fan module 85 and above the bottom plate 83: the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the low-pressure receiver 26, the four-way switching valve 22, the outdoor expansion valve 24, the subcooling heat exchanger 47, the subcooling expansion valve 48, the subcooling circuit 46, the gas-side shutoff valve 28, the liquid-side shutoff valve 29, and the outdoor electric component unit 8 including the outdoor-unit control unit 27. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 has a substantially U-shape in plan view that faces the back face and both left and right side faces of a portion of the outdoor housing 80 below the fan module 85. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 substantially defines the back face and both left and right faces of the outdoor housing 80. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed on and along the left-side, back-side, and right-side edges of the bottom plate 83. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 according to the third embodiment is a cross-flow fin-and-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins 23a disposed in the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 23b penetrating and secured to the heat transfer fins 23a.

The fan module 85 is disposed over the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and includes the outdoor fan 25, a bellmouth (not illustrated), and other components. The outdoor fan 25 is disposed in such an orientation that its axis extends vertically.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 are disposed in a space inside the outdoor housing 80 below the fan module 85, at a height near the upper end of the compressor 21, in the vicinity of the left forward location. The gas-side shutoff valve 28 according to the third embodiment is connected by brazing to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 according to the third embodiment is connected by brazing to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed in a space inside the outdoor housing 80 below the fan module 85, above the compressor 21 and near the front side. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is secured to a rightward portion of the front panel 81. The lower end portion of the outdoor electric component unit 8 is positioned above both the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

As a result of the above-mentioned structure, the outdoor fan 25 produces a flow of air such that air flows into the outdoor housing 80 through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 from the surroundings of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and is blown out upward through an air outlet 86, which is provided at the upper end face of the outdoor housing 80 in a vertically penetrating manner.

(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35

The air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment includes, instead of the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment, a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 disposed in parallel with each other.

As with the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment, the first indoor unit 30 includes a first indoor heat exchanger 31, a first indoor fan 32, a first indoor liquid-side connection part 11, a first indoor gas-side connection part 13, and a first indoor electric component unit including a first indoor-unit control unit 34. The first indoor unit 30 additionally includes a first indoor expansion valve 33. The first indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is provided in an end portion of the first liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 that extends so as to connect the liquid side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 with the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The first indoor gas-side connection part 13 is provided in an end portion of the first indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 that extends so as to connect the gas side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 with the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The first indoor expansion valve 33 is disposed at a point along the first indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12. The opening degree of the first indoor expansion valve 33 can be controlled. In this case, as with the first embodiment, the first indoor electric component unit is positioned above the first indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the first indoor gas-side connection part 13.

Likewise, as with the first indoor unit 30, the second indoor unit 35 includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan 37, a second indoor liquid-side connection part 15, a second indoor gas-side connection part 17, and a second indoor electric component unit including a second indoor-unit control unit 39. The second indoor unit 35 additionally includes a second indoor expansion valve 38. The second indoor liquid-side connection part 15 is provided in an end portion of a second indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 16 that extends so as to connect the liquid side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 with the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The second indoor gas-side connection part 17 is provided in an end portion of a second indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 18 that extends so as to connect the gas side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 with the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The second indoor expansion valve 38 is disposed at a point along the second indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 16. The opening degree of the second indoor expansion valve 38 can be controlled. In this case as well, the second indoor electric component unit is positioned above the second indoor liquid-side connection part 15 and the second indoor gas-side connection part 17.

The controller 7 according to the third embodiment includes the outdoor-unit control unit 27, the first indoor-unit control unit 34, and the second indoor-unit control unit 39 that are connected in a manner that allows communication with each other.

With the air-conditioning apparatus 1b described above, in cooling operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in cooling operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition. In cooling operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion valve 38 are controlled to be fully open.

In heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 is controlled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Likewise, the second indoor expansion valve 38 is controlled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in heating operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition. In heating operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

(8-3) Characteristic Features of Third Embodiment

As with the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, the air-conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammable refrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8 included in the outdoor unit 20b according to the third embodiment is positioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20b to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected, the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor electric component unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the outdoor unit 20b.

For the first indoor electric component unit included in the first indoor unit 30 according to the third embodiment as well, the first indoor electric component unit is positioned above the first indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the first indoor gas-side connection part 13. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the first indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connected and from where the first indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the first indoor electric component unit is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the first indoor unit 30. Likewise, the second indoor electric component unit included in the second indoor unit 35 according to the third embodiment is also disposed above the second indoor liquid-side connection part 15 and the second indoor gas-side connection part 17. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the second indoor liquid-side connection part 15 is connected and from where the second indoor gas-side connection part 17 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the second indoor electric component unit is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the second indoor unit 35.

(9) Fourth Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 35 that illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 36 that is a schematic control block diagram, the following describes a cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c according to a fourth embodiment, which is a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a cold/hot water supply unit serving as a heat exchange unit and an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following mainly describes the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c according to the fourth embodiment, while focusing on differences from the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

The cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c is an apparatus that obtains cold water or hot water, and supplies the cold water or hot water to floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253 installed under the indoor floor to thereby cool or heat the indoor floor.

For the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to E described above that is a refrigerant mixture containing 1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(9-1) Outdoor Unit 20

The outdoor unit 20 of the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c is similar to the outdoor unit 20 described above with reference to the first embodiment, and thus will not be described in further detail.

(9-2) Cold/Hot Water Supply Unit 30b

The cold/hot water supply unit 30b is used to cool or heat the floor surface of an indoor space that is to be cooled or heated. The cold/hot water supply unit 30b is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and constitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit 10.

The cold/hot water supply unit 30b includes components such as a water heat exchanger 231, a pump 232, a tank 233, the indoor liquid-side connection part 11, the indoor gas-side connection part 13, a return header 236, an outgoing header 235, an indoor housing 237, and a cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a.

The water heat exchanger 231 causes heat to be exchanged between refrigerant flowing inside the water heat exchanger 231, and water flowing in a water circuit 210. The liquid-refrigerant side of the water heat exchanger 231 is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 via the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 and the indoor liquid-side connection part 11, and the gas-refrigerant side is flare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5 via the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 and the indoor gas-side connection part 13. During cooling operation, the water heat exchanger 231 functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle to cool water flowing in the water circuit 210, and during heating operation, the water heat exchanger 231 functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle to heat water flowing in the water circuit 210.

The pump 232 produces a water flow that causes water in the water circuit 210 to circulate through the return header 236, a water flow path of the water heat exchanger 231, the tank 233, the outgoing header 235, and the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253. The pump 232 is rotationally driven by a motor (not illustrated).

The tank 233 stores cold water or hot water whose temperature has been adjusted in the water heat exchanger 231.

The outgoing header 235 divides the cold or hot water delivered from the pump 232 into separate streams that flow to respective water circulation pipes 251a, 252a, and 253a of the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253. The outgoing header 235 has a plurality of outgoing connection parts 235a each connected to an end portion of the corresponding one of the water circulation pipes 251a, 252a, and 253a.

The return header 236 combines the streams of water that have passed through the respective water circulation pipes 251a, 252a, and 253a of the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253, and supplies the combined stream of water to the water heat exchanger 231 again. The return header 236 has a plurality of return connection parts 236a each connected to the other end of the corresponding one of the water circulation pipes 251a, 252a, and 253a.

The cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a includes a cold/hot-water-supply-unit control unit 234 that controls operation of each component constituting the cold/hot water supply unit 30b. Specifically, the cold/hot-water-supply-unit control unit 234 controls the flow rate of the pump based on the temperature adjustment load in each of the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253.

As illustrated in FIG. 37, the indoor housing 237 is a box-shaped body in which components such as the water heat exchanger 231 and the cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a are accommodated. Specifically, the cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a is disposed in an upper space inside the indoor housing 237. The outgoing connection parts 235a of the outgoing header 235, and the return connection parts 236a of the return header 236 are located below the indoor housing 237. Further, the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 and the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 extend out from below the indoor housing 237. The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is located at the lower end of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12, and the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is located at the lower end of the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14.

(9-3) Characteristic Features of Fourth Embodiment

The cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c mentioned above uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammable refrigerant. In this regard, the cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a included in the cold/hot water supply unit 30b according to the fourth embodiment is positioned above the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part 13, which respectively connect the cold/hot water supply unit 30b to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connected and from where the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the cold/hot-water electric component unit 9a is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the cold/hot water supply unit 30b.

(9-4) Modification A of Fourth Embodiment

The fourth embodiment has been described above by way of example of the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1c in which cold or hot water obtained through heat exchange with refrigerant in the water heat exchanger 231 is supplied to the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253 to thereby cool or heat the indoor floor.

Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 38 and 39, hot water may be supplied by using the water heat exchanger 231 in a hot water storage apparatus 1d, which includes a hot water storage unit 30c and the outdoor unit 20 that are connected via the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5.

Specifically, a hot water storage housing 327 of the hot water storage unit 30c accommodates components such as a water heat exchanger 331, a pump 332, a hot water storage tank 333, a mixing valve 338, a water inlet 336, a water outlet 335, and a hot-water-storage electric component unit 9b. The outdoor unit 20 is similar to, for example, the outdoor unit 20 according to the fourth embodiment.

As with the water heat exchanger 231 according to the fourth embodiment mentioned above, the water heat exchanger 331 causes heat to be exchanged between refrigerant circulating through the outdoor unit 20, the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and water circulating through a water circuit 310 accommodated inside the hot water storage unit 30c.

The water circuit 310 includes the hot water storage tank 333, a water outgoing pipe extending from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 333 to the inlet of the water flow path of the water heat exchanger 331 and provided with the pump 332, and a water return pipe that connects the outlet of the water flow path of the water heat exchanger 331 with the upper end of the hot water storage tank 333.

City water that has passed through a water inlet pipe via the water inlet 336 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 333 from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 333. Hot water obtained in the water heat exchanger 331 and stored in the hot water storage tank 333 is delivered from the upper end of the hot water storage tank 333 toward the water outlet 335 through a water outlet pipe. The water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected by a bypass pipe. The mixing valve 338 is disposed at the coupling location between the water outlet pipe and the bypass pipe to allow mixing of city water and hot water.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11, which is provided at the distal end of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 located on the liquid-refrigerant side of the water heat exchanger 331, is positioned below the hot water storage housing 327. Likewise, the indoor gas-side connection part 13, which is provided at the distal end of the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 located on the gas-refrigerant side of the water heat exchanger 331, is positioned below the hot water storage housing 327.

The hot water storage unit 30c is provided with the hot-water-storage electric component unit 9b including a hot-water-storage-unit control unit 334 that controls the driving of the pump 332. The hot-water-storage electric component unit 9b is installed in an upper space inside the hot water storage housing 327, and located above the indoor gas-side connection part 13 and the indoor liquid-side connection part 11.

For the above-mentioned hot water storage unit 30c as well, the hot-water-storage electric component unit 9b is positioned above the indoor gas-side connection part 13 and the indoor liquid-side connection part 11. This configuration ensures that even if refrigerant leaks from the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 or the indoor gas-side connection part 13, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the hot-water-storage electric component unit 9b is reduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the hot water storage unit 30c.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made to their forms and details without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1, 1a, 1b air-conditioning apparatus (refrigeration cycle apparatus)

1
c cold/hot water supply apparatus (refrigeration cycle apparatus)

1
d hot water storage apparatus (refrigeration cycle apparatus)

5 gas-side refrigerant connection pipe (connection pipe)

6 liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe (connection pipe)

8 outdoor electric component unit (electric component unit)

9 indoor electric component unit (electric component unit)

9
a cold/hot-water electric component unit (electric component unit)

9
b hot-water-storage electric component unit (electric component unit)

10 refrigerant circuit

11 indoor liquid-side connection part, first indoor liquid-side connection part (pipe connection part)

12 indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe, first indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe

13 indoor gas-side connection part, first indoor gas-side connection part (pipe connection part)

14 indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe, first indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe

15 second indoor liquid-side connection part (pipe connection part)

16 second indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe

17 second indoor gas-side connection part (pipe connection part)

18 second indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe

20, 20a, 20b outdoor unit (heat exchange unit, heat source-side unit)

21 compressor

23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

24 outdoor expansion valve

28 gas-side shutoff valve (pipe connection part)

28
a outdoor gas-side refrigerant pipe

29 liquid-side shutoff valve (pipe connection part)

29
a outdoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe

30, 30a indoor unit, first indoor unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)

30
b cold/hot water supply unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)

30
c hot water storage unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)

31 indoor heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

35 second indoor unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)

36 second indoor heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

44 first outdoor expansion valve

45 second outdoor expansion valve

50 outdoor housing (housing)

54 indoor housing (housing)

60 outdoor housing (housing)

80 outdoor housing (housing)

110 indoor housing (housing)

231 water heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

237 indoor housing (housing)

327 hot water storage housing (housing)

331 water heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1: International Publication No. 2015/141678

Number	Date	Country	Kind
2017-242183	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242185	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242186	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242187	Dec 2017	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/037483	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038746	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038747	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038748	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038749	Oct 2018	JP	national

HEAT EXCHANGE UNIT

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CPC

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