Heat exchange unit

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a heat exchange unit.

BACKGROUND ART

R410A is a refrigerant frequently used in conventional heat cycle systems such as air-conditioning apparatuses. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125 or R125), and is a near-azeotropic composition.

Unfortunately, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088. Due to the growing concern over global warming in recent yrs, it is becoming increasingly common to use R32 having a lower GWP of 675.

Accordingly, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No. 2015/141678) proposes various low GWP refrigerant mixtures that can potentially replace R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem

However, some of such low GWP refrigerants are flammable. Accordingly, it is preferable to employ a layout structure that, even if a flammable refrigerant leaks, reduces the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the vicinity of electric components.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and accordingly it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a heat exchange unit with which, even if a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching electric components is reduced.

Solution to Problem

A heat exchange unit according to a first aspect is a heat exchange unit that constitutes a portion of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, and includes a housing, a heat exchanger, a pipe connection part, and an electric component unit. The heat exchange unit is one of a service-side unit and a heat source-side unit. The service-side unit and the heat source-side unit are connected to each other via a connection pipe. The heat exchanger is disposed inside the housing. A refrigerant flows in the heat exchanger. The pipe connection part is connected to the connection pipe. The electric component unit is disposed inside the housing. The refrigerant is a refrigerant mixture containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, and is a flammable refrigerant. When the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end of the electric component unit is positioned above the pipe connection part.

As used herein, the term flammable refrigerant means a refrigerant with a flammability classification of “class 2L” or higher under the US ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.

Although not particularly limited, a pipe connection part may be a connection part connected, either directly or indirectly via another element, to a refrigerant pipe extending from a heat exchanger.

The type of the electric component unit is not particularly limited. The electronic component unit may be an electric component box accommodating a plurality of electric components, or may be a substrate provided with a plurality of electric components.

When the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end of the electric component unit is positioned above the pipe connection part. Therefore, even if a flammable refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene leaks from the pipe connection part, the flammable refrigerant is unlikely to reach the electric component unit because 1,2-difluoroethylene is heavier than air.

A heat exchange unit according to a second aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar to those of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a third aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
  
  point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
  
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
  
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fourth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
  
  point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  
  point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  
  point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  
  point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
  
  point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  
  point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventh aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
  
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
  
  point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
  
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  
  point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
  
  point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
  
  or on the above line segments;
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a ninth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the second aspect, wherein,

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
  
  point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
  
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  
  point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
  
  point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
  
  or on the above line segments,
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a tenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to those of R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to an eleventh aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

A heat exchange unit according to a twelfth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
  
  point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
  
  point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
  
  point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
  
  point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
  
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
  
  and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
  
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).

A heat exchange unit according to a thirteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
- trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
- or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
  
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
- or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
  
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

A heat exchange unit according to a fourteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  
  point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  
  point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
  
  point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
  
  point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
  
  point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  
  point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventeenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
  
  point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
  
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  
  point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
  
  point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
  
  point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
  
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a nineteenth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
  
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  
  point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
  
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
- or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possible to use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar to that of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twentieth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  
  point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
  
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty first aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
  
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty second aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  
  point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
  
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty third aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  
  point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
  
  point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty fourth aspect is the heat exchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
  
  point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
  
  point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
  
  point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic side view of the indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic front view illustrating the internal structure of an indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a schematic side view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 26 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a second embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the second embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic configuration of an outdoor unit (with its front panel removed) in accordance with the second embodiment.

FIG. 29 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit in accordance with a third embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a plan view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a front view illustrating the schematic internal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 35 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit and a water circuit in accordance with a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 37 illustrates the schematic structure of a cold/hot water supply unit in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 38 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuit and a water circuit in accordance with Modification A of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 39 illustrates the schematic configuration of a hot water storage apparatus in accordance with Modification A of the fourth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant

(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)

HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)

HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)

HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)

HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)

HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)

HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)

HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)

HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)

HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)

HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)

HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)

HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)

HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)

CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)

HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)

HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)

HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)

HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)

HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);

- the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
  
  point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
  
  point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
  
  point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or
  
  on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
- the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
  
  point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
  
  point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
  
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  
  or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
- the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
- the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
  
  point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
  
  point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
  
  point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),
  
  or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
- the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
  
  point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
  
  point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
  
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  
  or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c);
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
  
  point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
  
  point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),
  
  or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
- the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

Ex-

Comp.
Comp.
Ex-
ample
Ex-
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
ample
2
ample
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7

R1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3

GWP
—
2088
1
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
—
30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6

TABLE 2

Ex-

Ex-

Comp.
Ex-
ample
Ex-
Comp.
Comp.
ample
Comp.

Ex. 5
ample
5
ample
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8

Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2

COP ratio
%
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0

(relative

to 410A)

Refrigerating
%
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9

capacity ratio
(relative

to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80

glide

Discharge
%
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8

pressure
(relative

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0

TABLE 3

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Ex. 9
8
9
10
11
12

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0

capacity
to 410A)

ratio

Condensation
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51

glide

Discharge
% (relative
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7

TABLE 4

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S′
T

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8

HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3

GWP
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8

TABLE 5

Comp.
Example
Example

Ex. 10
20
21

Item
Unit
G
H
I

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0

GWP
—
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71

Discharge pressure
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
37.4
37.0
36.6

TABLE 6

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1

TABLE 7

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
27
28
29
30
31
32
Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0

TABLE 8

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 16
33
34
35
36
37
38
Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05

glide

Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8

TABLE 9

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61

glide

Discharge
% (relative
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4

TABLE 10

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78

glide

Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3

TABLE 11

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
53
54
55
56
57
58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2

TABLE 12

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64

glide

Discharge
% (relative

pressure
to 410A)
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8

RCL
g/m³
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1

TABLE 13

Example
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
64
65
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5

TABLE 14

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95

glide

Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6

TABLE 15

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0

R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9

TABLE 16

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0

HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1

TABLE 17

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0

GWP
—
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5

TABLE 18

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8

TABLE 19

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6

TABLE 20

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21

glide

Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4

TABLE 21

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58

glide

Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5

TABLE 22

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5

TABLE 23

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4

TABLE 24

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48

glide

Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5

TABLE 25

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3

TABLE 26

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62

glide

Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4

TABLE 27

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0

HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3

TABLE 28

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9

TABLE 29

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3

TABLE 30

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2

TABLE 31

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43

glide

Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2

TABLE 32

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97

glide

Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0

TABLE 33

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0

TABLE 34

Example
Example

Item
Unit
226
227

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative

capacity ratio
to 410A)
85.6
85.3

Condensation glide
° C.
4.18
4.11

Discharge pressure
% (relative
91.0
90.6

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
50.9
49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3, the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,

the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A,

and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), and

the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,

the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A,

and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item
Unit
G
H
I

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10

TABLE 36

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N'
K

WCF
HFO-
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

1132 (E)

HFO-
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

1123

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

Leak condition that results
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
90%
90%
66%
12%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
gas
gas
gas
gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0

1132 (E)

HFO-
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8

1123

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2

Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
9
9
8 or less

velocity (WCF)

Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

velocity (WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)

point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.

In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

Com-
Com-
Com-

Com-

parative
parative
parative

parative

Example
Example
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-

1
2
ple
ple
ple
ple
ple
ple
ple

Item
Unit
R410A
HFO-1132E
3
1
2
3
4
5
4

HFO-1132E
mass %
—
100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %

0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40

(WCF)

GWP
—
2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
%
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8

capacity
(relative

ratio
to R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06

pressure

Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or
8 or less

velocity

flammable

less

(WCF)

TABLE 38

Com-

Com-
Com-

Com-
Com-
Com-
parative

parative
parative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
parative
parative
parative
Example

Example
Example
ple
ple
ple
Example
Example
Example
10

Item
Unit
5
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
HFO-1123

HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100

(WCF)

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
%
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39

pressure

Leakage test
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
—

conditions (WCFF)
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side
side
side

HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38
—

(WCFF)

HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62

(WCFF)

Burning
cm/sec
8 or less
8 or less
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
5

velocity

less
less
less

(WCF)

Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

(WCFF)

ASHRAE flammability
2
2
2 L
2 L
2 L
2 L
2 L
2 L
2 L

classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
  
  point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
  
  point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
  
  point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
  
  point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
  
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
  
  point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
  
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
  
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
  
  point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
  
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
  
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

- if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),
  
  point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),
  
  point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
  
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)
  
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);
- if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),
  
  point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),
  
  point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
  
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or
- if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),
  
  point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),
  
  point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
  
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
  
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 1

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7

HFO-1123
Mass %

0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %

31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4

R32
Mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
2088
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 40

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 2

Item
Unit
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2

R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50

COP ratio
%
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5

capacity ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

TABLE 41

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

16
17
18
19
20
21
Ex. 3

Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K′

NEO-1132(E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4

R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

GWP
—
77
77
76
76
77
76
77

COP ratio
%
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4

capacity ratio
(relative

to R410A)

TABLE 42

Comp. Ex.

Comp. Ex. 22
Comp. Ex. 23
Comp. Ex. 24
Comp. Ex. 25
26
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6

R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
99
100
99
100

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 43

Comp.

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.

Ex. 27
Ex. 28
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
31
5

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5

1132(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0

R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3

R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2

GWP
—
125
125
124
125
124
125

COP ratio
%
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigera-
%
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2

ting
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 44

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

32
33
34
35
36
6

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8

1132(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
149
150
149
150

COP ratio
%
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigera-
%
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1

ting
(relative

capacity
to

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 45

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

37
38
39
40
41
42

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8

1132(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5

R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7

GWP
—
182
182
181
182
181
182

COP
%
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0

era-
(relative

ting
to

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 46

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

43
44
45
46
47
48

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3

1132(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
198
199
198
200

COP
%
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7

era-
(relative

ting
to

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 47

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

49
50
51
52
53
54

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5

1132(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8

R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7

GWP
—
250
250
248
249
248
250

COP
%
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9

era-
(relative

ting
to

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 48

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

55
56
57
58
59
60

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1

1132(E)

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0

1123

R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
300
300
298
299
298
299

COP
%
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9

era-
(relative

ting
to

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 49

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

61
62
63
64
65

Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4

1132(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8

R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8

GWP
—
325
323
324
323
324

COP
%
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6

ratio
(relative

to

R410A)

Refrig-
%
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8

era-
(relative

ting
to

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 50

Comp. Ex.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
66
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
10
11
12
13

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 51

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
14
15
16
17
67
18
19
20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 52

Item
Unit
Ex. 21
Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 27
Ex. 28

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 53

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 68
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 54

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 36
Ex. 37
Ex. 38
Ex. 39
Ex. 69
Ex. 40
Ex. 41
Ex. 42

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 55

Item
Unit
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 49
Ex. 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 56

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 70
Ex. 51
Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54
Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 57

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 58
Ex. 59
Ex. 60
Ex. 61
Ex. 71
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 58

Item
Unit
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 69
Ex. 70
Ex. 71
Ex. 72

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 59

Item
Unit
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
Ex. 80

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 60

Item
Unit
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 61

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 62

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 80
Ex. 81
Ex. 82

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.5
99.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
82.9
82.3
81.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 63

Item
Unit
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 64

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 97
Ex. 83
Ex. 98
Ex. 99
Ex. 100
Ex. 101
Ex. 102
Ex. 103

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 65

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 104
Ex. 105
Ex. 106
Ex. 84
Ex. 107
Ex. 108
Ex. 109
Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 66

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 111
Ex. 112
Ex. 113
Ex. 114
Ex. 115
Ex. 85
Ex. 116
Ex. 117

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 67

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 118
Ex. 119
Ex. 120
Ex. 121
Ex. 122
Ex. 123
Ex. 124
Ex. 86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 68

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7

capacity ratio

TABLE 69

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
133
87
134
135
136
137
138
139

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8

capacity ratio

TABLE 70

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3

capacity ratio

TABLE 71

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2

capacity ratio

TABLE 72

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
156
157
158
159
160
88
89
90

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5

capacity ratio

TABLE 73

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
91
92
93
94
95

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

TABLE 74

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3

capacity ratio

TABLE 75

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
96
169
170
171
172
173
174
175

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1

capacity ratio

TABLE 76

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
176
97
177
178
179
180
181
182

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8

capacity ratio

TABLE 77

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
183
184
98
185
186
187
188
189

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4

capacity ratio

TABLE 78

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
190
191
192
99
193
194
195
196

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9

capacity ratio

TABLE 79

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
197
198
199
200
100
201
202
203

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3

capacity ratio

TABLE 80

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio

TABLE 81

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7

capacity ratio

TABLE 82

Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
101

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4

capacity ratio

TABLE 83

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 104

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
100.0
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
84.1
83.8
83.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 84

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
105

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 85

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
106

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 86

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
107

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 87

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
108

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 88

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7

capacity ratio

TABLE 89

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0

capacity ratio

TABLE 90

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1

capacity ratio

TABLE 91

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 279
Ex. 280
Ex. 109
Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 92

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
281
282
283
284
285
111
286
287

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 93

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
288
289
290
112
291
292
293
294

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 94

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
295
113
296
297
298
299
300
301

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 95

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4

Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio

TABLE 96

Item
Unit
Ex. 400

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0

R32
Mass %
44.1

GWP
—
299

COP ratio
% (relative
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);
- if 18.2<a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
6
13
19
24
29
34

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 98

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
39
45
51
57
62

WCF
HFO-
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

1132(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 99

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
7
14
20
25
30
35

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 100

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
40
46
52
58
63

WCF
HFO-
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

1132(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 101

Item
Comp. Ex. 8
Comp. Ex. 15
Comp. Ex. 21
Comp. Ex. 26
Comp. Ex. 31
Comp. Ex. 36

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3

HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

results in WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 102

Item
Comp. Ex. 41
Comp. Ex. 47
Comp. Ex. 53
Comp. Ex. 59
Comp. Ex. 64

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
Mass %
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

results in WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
90%
86%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8.3
9.3
9.6

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 103

Item
Comp. Ex. 9
Comp. Ex. 16
Comp. Ex. 22
Comp. Ex. 27
Comp. Ex. 32
Comp. Ex. 37

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
92%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
liquid phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4

R1234yf
Mass %
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 104

Item
Comp. Ex. 42
Comp. Ex. 48
Comp. Ex. 54
Comp. Ex. 60
Comp. Ex. 65

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

results in WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2

R32
Mass %
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.026a²+ 0 . . . 7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0 . . . 6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 106

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.026a²+ 0.7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0.6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1

HFO-1123
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.049a²− 0.9645a + 47.1
0.0243a²− 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a²− 1.4476a + 50.184

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0049a²− 0.0355a + 52.9
−0.0243a²+ 0.4161a + 50.275
−0.0246a²+ 0.4476a + 49.816

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
29.1
28.8
29.3
39.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a²− 1.1399a + 46.493
−0.0134a²+ 1.0956a + 7.13

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0183a²+ 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a²− 2.0956a + 92.87

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 108

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8

HFO-1123
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0

R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5

R32
x
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0514a²− 2.4353a + 61.7
0.0341a²− 2.1977a + 61.187
0.0196a²− 1.7863a + 58.515

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0323a²+ 0.4122a + 5.9
−0.0236a²+ 0.34a + 5.636
−0.0079a²− 0.1136a + 8.702

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0191a²+ 1.0231a + 32.4
−0.0105a²+ 0.8577a + 33.177
−0.0117a²+ 0.8999a + 32.783

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
−0.0051a²+ 0.0929a + 25.95
−1.892a + 29.443

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0.0051a²− 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557

Approximate

expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a²− 1.9681a + 68.6
0.0112a²− 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a²− 1.9142a + 68.305

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0134a²+ 0.9681a + 31.4
−0.0112a²+ 0.9337a + 31.516
−0.0107a²+ 0.9142a + 31.695

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0103a²− 1.9225a + 68.793
0.0085a²− 1.8102a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0103a²+ 0.9225a + 31 . . . 207
−0.0085a²+ 0.8102a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9

R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0144a²− 1.6377a + 58.7
0.0075a²− 1.5156a + 58.199
0.009a²− 1.6045a + 59.318

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0144a²+ 0.6377a + 41.3
−0.0075a²+ 0.5156a + 41.801
−0.009a²+ 0.6045a + 40.682

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0

R1234yf
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0046a²− 1.41a + 57.286
0.0012a²− 1.1659a + 52.95

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0046a²+ 0.41a + 42.714
−0.0012a²+ 0.1659a + 47.05

Approximate

expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9

R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6

Approximate

expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0

HFO-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9

R1234yf
0
0
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0

Approximate

expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  
  point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  
  point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
  
  point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
  
  point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
  
  point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
  
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
  
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  
  point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  
  point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
  
  point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
  
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  
  point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
  
  point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
  
  point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
  
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
  
  point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
  
  point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
  
  point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:
  
  point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
  
  point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
  
  point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
  
  point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
  
  point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
  
  point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:
  
  point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
  
  point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
  
  point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),
  
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

TABLE 113

Comparative

Example

Example

Example

Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16

Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L

WCF
HFO-
Mass %
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9

1132

(E)

R32
Mass %
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 114

Comparative

Example

Example

Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example

Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8

Leak condition that results

Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

in WCFF

Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0% release,
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

on the gas
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on

phase side
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0

Burning Velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 115

Example 23
Example
Example 25

Item
Unit
O
24
P

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8

Leak condition that
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

results in WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

on the gas
on the gas
on the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4

R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5

Burning Velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10

(WCFF)

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0

R32
Mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5

R1234yf
Mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5

GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
350

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 117

Comparative

Comparative

Example 8
Comparative
Example 10

Example 2

Example 4

Item
Unit
C
Example 9
C′
Example 1
R
Example 3
T

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6

R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8

GWP
—
1
69
125
188
250
300
350

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 118

Comparative

Comparative

Example 11

Example 6

Example 8
Example 12

Example 10

Item
Unit
E
Example 5
N
Example 7
U
G
Example 9
V

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9

GWP
—
2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 119

Comparative

Example 13

Example 12

Example 14

Example 16
Example 17

Item
Unit
I
Example 11
J
Example 13
K
Example 15
L
Q

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 120

Comparative

Example 14

Example 19

Example 21

Item
Unit
M
Example 18
W
Example 20
N
Example 22

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9

GWP
—
2
36
70
100
125
188

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 121

Example

Example
Example

23
Example
25
26

Item
Unit
O
24
P
S

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9

R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4

GWP
—
250
300
350
270

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 122

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
Example 27
Example 28
Example 19
Example 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

GWP
—
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 123

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
Example 29
Example 23
Example 30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 124

Comparative

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 31
Example 28
Example 32
Example 33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

GWP
—
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102

COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 125

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0

GWP
—
138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171

COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 126

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0

GWP
—
171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 127

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0

GWP
—
204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 128

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0

GWP
—
237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 129

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 40
Example 41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 42
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 130

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0

R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0

GWP
—
373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 131

Item
Unit
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0

R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0

GWP
—
43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1
99.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 132

Item
Unit
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0

R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0

GWP
—
63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 133

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 134

Item
Unit
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0

R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0

GWP
—
124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 135

Item
Unit
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81
Example 82
Example 83
Example 84
Example 85
Example 86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0

R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0

GWP
—
23
23
43
43
43
64
64
63

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5

Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 136

Item
Unit
Example 87
Example 88
Example 89
Example 90
Example 91
Example 92
Example 93
Example 94

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0

GWP
—
84
84
84
84
104
104
104
104

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 137

Item
Unit
Example 95
Example 96
Example 97
Example 98
Example 99
Example 100
Example 101
Example 102

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0

R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0

GWP
—
104
124
124
124
124
124
124
144

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 138

Item
Unit
Example 103
Example 104
Example 105
Example 106
Example 107
Example 108
Example 109
Example 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0

R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0

GWP
—
164
164
185
185
184
205
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 139

Item
Unit
Example 111
Example 112
Example 113
Example 114
Example 115
Example 116
Example 117
Example 118

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0

GWP
—
205
225
225
225
225
225
245
245

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 140

Item
Unit
Example 119
Example 120
Example 121
Example 122
Example 123
Example 124
Example 125
Example 126

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0

GWP
—
245
245
245
170
191
211
211
231

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 141

Item
Unit
Example 127
Example 128
Example 129
Example 130
Example 131
Example 132
Example 133
Example 134

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0

R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
231
231
252
251
251
251
272
272

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 142

Item
Unit
Example 135
Example 136
Example 137
Example 138
Example 139
Example 140
Example 141
Example 142

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0

R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0

GWP
—
272
271
292
292
292
292
292
312

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 143

Item
Unit
Example 143
Example 144
Example 145
Example 146
Example 147
Example 148
Example 149
Example 150

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0

R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0

GWP
—
312
312
312
312
332
332
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 144

Example
Example

Item
Unit
151
152

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0

R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0

GWP
—
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
99.8
101.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and
- the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and
- the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and
- the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
  
  (5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.