Patent Application
20190336667
The present invention relates to a heat exchanger and an oxygenator.
In the related art, a heat exchanger and an oxygenator having a hollow fiber membrane layer which is constituted of a large number of hollow fiber membranes and which has a cylindrical shape as a whole are known. In this hollow fiber membrane layer having a cylindrical shape, a hollow fiber membrane sheet as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,846 can be applied. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,846, a large number of hollow fiber membranes are disposed substantially in parallel so as to be weft strings, and these are woven together with warp strings, thereby forming a bamboo blind-shaped sheet. Such a bamboo blind-shaped hollow fiber membrane sheet can be folded to form a hollow fiber membrane layer having a prismatic outer shape, or a hollow fiber membrane layer having a columnar shape. Such a hollow fiber membrane layer is housed in a housing, and both end portions thereof are fixed to the housing through the partition walls (fixing portions).
In clinical settings using an oxygenator, in order to reduce the burden on patients, it is required to reduce the total volume of a gap between the hollow fiber membranes, that is, the blood filling amount. In order to reduce blood filling amount of the hollow fiber membrane layer while maintaining the heat exchange performance, it is conceivable to use a material having a high thermal conductivity.
However, in the case of using high density polyethylene which is a resin material having a high thermal conductivity, the adhesion between the hollow fiber membrane layer and the partition wall is not sufficient, so that the hollow fiber membrane layer and the partition wall may be separated. There is a concern that a heat medium (water or hot water) passing through the inside of each of the hollow fiber membranes may flow out to the outside of the hollow fiber membranes and be mixed into the patient's blood due to this separation.
An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger and an oxygenator capable of reducing filling amount of a liquid (such as blood) to be subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger and capable of enhancing the adhesion between a hollow fiber membrane layer and a fixing portion.
A heat exchanger for achieving the above object comprises a hollow fiber membrane layer having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a fixing portion fixing both end portions of the hollow fiber membranes from outsides of the hollow fiber membranes, in which the fixing portion mainly contains polyurethane, and each of the hollow fiber membranes has a heat conductive layer containing high density polyethylene, and an adhesion layer provided on an outside of the heat conductive layer, bonded to the fixing portion, and mainly containing a modified polyolefin resin.
The heat exchanger may further comprise a barrier layer provided on the outside of the heat conductive layer and on an inside of the adhesion layer and having a barrier property with respect to hydrogen peroxide.
The adhesion layer may preferably contain modified polyethylene.
The barrier layer preferably mainly contains a crystalline resin material.
The heat conductive layer preferably has a thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/m·K or higher and 0.6 W/m·K or lower.
The hollow fiber membrane preferably has an outer diameter of 1 mm or less.
The hollow fiber membrane layer preferably has a shape of a cylindrical body and has the hollow fiber membranes wound around a central axis of the cylindrical body and inclined with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical body.
The hollow fiber membrane layer preferably has a shape of a cylindrical body, and has warp strings in which the hollow fiber membranes are disposed along a central axis of the cylindrical body and weft strings in which the hollow fiber membranes are disposed in a direction intersecting with the central axis of the cylindrical body, and the warp strings and the weft strings are braided.
According to the present invention, it is possible to enhance adhesion between the adhesion layer on the outermost layer of the hollow fiber membranes and the fixing portion. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the hollow fiber membrane layer from being separated from the fixing portion, and to prevent the heat medium (water or hot water) passing through the inside of each of the hollow fiber membranes from flowing out to the outside of the hollow fiber membranes and being mixed into the patient's blood.
Hereinafter, a heat exchanger and an oxygenator according to the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in accompanying drawings.
Note that, in
The entire shape of an oxygenator 10 shown in
The oxygenator 10 has a housing 2A in which the oxygenator portion 10A and the heat exchange portion (heat exchanger) 10B are housed.
The housing 2A comprises: a cylindrical housing main body 21A; a dish-like first lid body 22A which seals a left end opening of the cylindrical housing main body 21A; and a dish-like second lid body 23A which seals a right end opening of the cylindrical housing main body 21A.
The cylindrical housing main body 21A, the first lid body 22A, and the second lid body 23A are formed of a resin material. The first lid body 22A and the second lid body 23A are fixed to the cylindrical housing main body 21A through a method such as welding or adhesion using an adhesive.
A tubular blood outlet port 28 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical housing main body 21A. This blood outlet port 28 protrudes toward a substantially tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing main body 21A (refer to
A tubular purge port 205 is protrusively formed on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical housing main body 21A. The purge port 205 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical housing main body 21A such that a central axis of the purge port 205 intersects with a central axis of the cylindrical housing main body 21A.
A tubular gas outlet port 27 is protrusively formed on the first lid body 22A. The gas outlet port 27 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the first lid body 22A such that a central axis of the first lid body intersects with the center of the first lid body 22A (refer to
In addition, a blood inlet port 201 protrudes from an end surface of the first lid body 22A such that a central axis of the blood inlet port is eccentric to the center of the first lid body 22A.
A tubular gas inlet port 26, a heat medium inlet port 202, and a heat medium outlet port 203 are protrusively formed on the second lid body 23A. The gas inlet port 26 is formed at an edge portion of the end surface of the second lid body 23A. The heat medium inlet port 202 and the heat medium outlet port 203 are formed at a substantially central portion of the end surface of the second lid body 23A. In addition, central lines of the heat medium inlet port 202 and the heat medium outlet port 203 are slightly inclined to a central line of the second lid body 23A.
Note that, in the present invention, the entire shape of the housing 2A does not necessarily have a complete columnar shape, and may have, for example, a partially missing shape or a shape to which an irregular portion is added.
As shown in
In addition, the cylindrical heat exchange portion 10B is provided inside the oxygenator portion 10A and disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the oxygenator portion 10A. The heat exchange portion 10B has the cylindrical hollow fiber membrane layer 3B.
As shown in
As shown in
Furthermore, the inner peripheral portion of the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B is engaged with an irregular portion 244 formed on the outer peripheral portion of a first cylindrical member 241. The hollow fiber membrane layer 3B is reliably fixed to the cylindrical housing main body 21A through fixation using the partition walls 8 and 9 and this engagement. Accordingly, it is possible to reliably prevent positional deviation of the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B from occurring during use of the oxygenator 10. In addition, the irregular portion 244 also functions as a flow path for circulating blood B throughout the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B.
Note that, as shown in
A blood flow path 33 through which the blood B flows from the upper side to the lower side in
A blood inflow side space 24A communicating with the blood inlet port 201 is formed upstream of the blood flow path 33 as a blood inlet portion of the blood B flowing in from the blood inlet port 201 (refer to
The blood inflow side space 24A is a space defined by the first cylindrical member 241 forming a cylindrical shape and a plate piece 242 which is disposed inside the first cylindrical member 241 and is disposed so as to face apart of the inner peripheral portion of the first cylindrical member. The blood B flowing in the blood inflow side space 24A can flow down throughout blood flow paths 33 through a plurality of side holes 243 formed in the first cylindrical member 241.
In addition, a second cylindrical member 245 concentrically disposed with the first cylindrical member 241 is disposed inside the first cylindrical member 241. As shown in
The filter member 41A having a function of capturing air bubbles existing in the blood B flowing through the blood flow paths 33 is disposed downstream of the blood flow paths 33.
The filter member 41A is formed of a sheet-like member having a substantially rectangular shape (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “sheet”), and is formed by winding the sheet along the outer periphery of the hollow fiber membrane layer 3A. Both end portions of the filter member 41A are also fixed using the partition walls 8 and 9, and thus, are fixed to the housing 2A (refer to
In addition, even if there are air bubbles in blood flowing through the blood flow paths 33, the filter member 41A can capture the air bubbles (refer to
In addition, a cylindrical gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the filter member 41A and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing main body 21A and forms a blood outflow side space 25A. A blood outlet portion is formed by this blood outflow side space 25A and the blood outlet port 28 communicating with the blood outflow side space 25A. When the blood outlet portion has the blood outflow side space 25A, a space through which the blood B that has been transmitted through the filter member 41A flows toward the blood outlet port 28 is secured, and therefore, it is possible to smoothly discharge the blood B.
As shown in
Here, the flow of the blood in the oxygenator 10 of the present embodiment will be described. In this oxygenator 10, the blood B flowing in from the blood inlet port 201 flows into the heat exchange portion 10B after passing through the blood inflow side space 24A and the side holes 243 in order. In the heat exchange portion 10B, heat exchange (heating or cooling) is performed such that the blood B comes into contact with the surface of each of the hollow fiber membranes 31 of the heat exchange portion 10B while flowing through the blood flow paths 33 in a downstream direction. The blood B which has been subjected to heat exchange in this manner flows into the oxygenator portion 10A.
In the oxygenator portion 10A, the blood B flows through the blood flow paths 33 in a further downstream direction. On the other hand, gas (gas containing oxygen) supplied from the gas inlet port 26 is distributed from the second chamber 231a into the flow paths 32 of the hollow fiber membranes 31 of the oxygenator portion 10A, accumulated in the first chamber 221a after flowing through the flow path 32, and is discharged from the gas outlet port 27. The blood B flowing through the blood flow paths 33 comes into contact with the surface of each of the hollow fiber membranes 31 of the oxygenator portion 10A, and gas exchange, that is, addition of oxygen and decarbonation are performed between the blood and the gas G flowing through the flow paths 32.
Ina case where air bubbles mixed with the blood B which has been subjected to gas exchange, these air bubbles are captured by the filter member 41A and are prevented from flowing out to the downstream side of the filter member 41A.
The blood B which has been subjected to the heat exchange and the gas exchange as described above in order and from which air bubbles are removed flows out of the blood outlet port 28.
As described above, all the hollow fiber membrane layers 3A and 3B are constituted of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 31. The hollow fiber membrane layer 3A and the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B have the same hollow fiber membranes 31 even though the application of the hollow fiber membrane layer 3A and the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B are different from each other, and therefore, the hollow fiber membrane layer 3A will be representatively described below.
The inner diameters ϕd1 of the hollow fiber membranes 31 are preferably 50 μm or larger and 700 μm or smaller and more preferably 70 μm or larger and 600 μm or smaller (refer to
In addition, the distance between adjacent hollow fiber membranes 31 is more preferably 1/10 or more and 1/1 or less of the ϕd2.
The method for manufacturing such hollow fiber membranes 31 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a method using extrusion molding, and in addition, a method using a stretching method or a solid-liquid phase separation method. It is possible to manufacture the hollow fiber membranes 31 having a predetermined inner diameter 4d1 and a predetermined outer diameter ϕD2 through this method.
For example, as the constituent material of each of the hollow fiber membranes 31, hydrophobic polymer materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polymethylpentene are used, a polyolefin resin is preferably used, and polypropylene is more preferably used. The selection of such resin materials contributes to maintaining the winding state of the hollow fiber membranes 31 and also to cost reduction during the manufacture of the hollow fiber membranes.
The hollow fiber membrane layer 3A is manufactured by winding such a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 31 around a columnar core as follows.
As shown in
Thus, the hollow fiber membrane layer 3A comprises the hollow fiber membranes 31 inclined with respect to the central axis and wound around the central axis.
As shown in
The heat conductive layer 5 has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the adhesion layer 7 and the barrier layer 6, and is responsible for enhancing the thermal conductivity of the hollow fiber membranes 31.
The thermal conductivity of the heat conductive layer 5 at 20° C. is preferably 0.3 W/m·K or higher and 0.6 W/m·K or lower, and more preferably 0.4 W/m·K or higher and 0.6 W/m·K or lower. Accordingly, the above-described effects can be more reliably exhibited.
The material of such a heat conductive layer 5 is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the above-described effects. For example, at least one selected from the group including polyolefin, polyamide such as nylon 66, polyurethane, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polycyclohexane terephthalate, and a fluorine-based resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer can be used. Among these, high density polyethylene is preferably used. Accordingly, the above-described effects can be reliably exhibited.
The thickness T5 of the heat conductive layer 5 is preferably 10 μm or more and 60 μm or lower, and more preferably 20 μm or more and 50 μm or lower. Accordingly, the thermal conductivity of the hollow fiber membranes 31 can be sufficiently enhanced.
The adhesion layer 7 is a layer that can be positioned at the outermost layer of hollow fiber membrane 31. This adhesion layer 7 has a portion that can be in contact with the partition walls 8 and 9, and is fixed by the partition walls 8 and 9.
Here, from the viewpoint of preventing the hollow fiber membrane layer 3B (the same applies to hollow fiber membrane layer 3A) from being separated and departing from the partition walls 8 and 9, adhesion to the partition walls 8 and 9 is required in a case where the hollow fiber membranes 31, particularly the adhesion layer 7 is positioned at the outermost layer. In addition, as described above, the partition walls 8 and 9 mainly contain polyurethane. That is, the adhesion layer 7 is required to have high adhesion with respect to polyurethane.
Particularly, in the case of using an olefin-based resin such as high density polyethylene for a heat conductive layer, since the olefin-based resin has poor adhesion to other resins, it is necessary to improve the adhesion by providing an adhesion layer between the resin and polyurethane. Thereby, in the present invention, the adhesion layer 7 mainly contains a modified polyolefin resin. Accordingly, it is possible to enhance the adhesion between the adhesion layer 7 and the partition walls 8 and 9, and prevent the hollow fiber membrane layers 3A and 3B from being unintentionally separated from the partition walls 8 and 9.
In addition, the polyolefin-based resin is preferably a modified polyolefin resin and more preferably modified polyethylene. Examples of modified polyethylene include acrylic modified polyethylene, silicon modified polyethylene, and maleic anhydride modified polyethylene. Accordingly, the adhesion between the adhesion layer 7 and the partition walls 8 and 9 can be further enhanced.
The thickness T7 of the adhesion layer 7 is preferably 3 μm or more and 40 μm or lower, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 30 μm or lower. Accordingly, the above-described effects can be more reliably exhibited.
The barrier layer 6 has a barrier property to hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the blood due to the hollow fiber membranes 31 permeating hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide solution.
In addition, the barrier layer 6 preferably has an oxygen permeability coefficient at 25° C. of 0.1 cc·cm/m2·24 h/atm or more and 6 cc·cm/m2·24 h/atm or less, and more preferably 0.5 cc·cm/m2·24 h/atm or more and 3.8 cc·cm/m224 h/atm or less. This makes it possible to more reliably prevent the hollow fiber membrane 31 from permeating hydrogen peroxide. Note that, since the oxygen permeability coefficient and the hydrogen peroxide permeation amount have a correlation under predetermined conditions, it is known that the permeation of hydrogen peroxide can be prevented by defining the oxygen permeability coefficient.
The barrier layer 6 is mainly made of a crystalline resin material. In the present specification, “crystalline resin material” refers to a resin having a high ratio of the amount of crystalline regions in which molecular chains are regularly arranged. Examples thereof include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyether nitrile (PEN), and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), and among these, aliphatic polyamide is preferably used.
When the number of carbon atoms of the amide group contained in the aliphatic polyamide molecule is N and the number of carbon atoms of the methylene group contained therein is n, n/N of the aliphatic polyamide is preferably 9 or more, and for example, at least one of polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 10-10, and polyamide 10-12 is preferably used. Accordingly, the hydrogen peroxide permeation amount can be made sufficiently low. On the other hand, in a case where at least one of polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6, and polyamide 66 is used, the oxygen permeability coefficient can be made sufficiently low. In addition, by using aliphatic polyamide in which n/N is 9 or more, the water absorption rate of the barrier layer 6 can be made 2% or lower. Accordingly, high hydrophobicity can be exhibited with respect to a heat medium containing hydrogen peroxide solution. Since hydrogen peroxide has a relatively high affinity with respect to water, hydrogen peroxide easily permeates if the water absorption rate is relatively high, but by setting the water absorption rate of the barrier layer 6 to be 2% or less, excessive permeation of hydrogen peroxide can be prevented.
In addition, the thickness T6 of the barrier layer 6 is preferably 1 μm or more and 60 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less. When the barrier layer 6 is too thin, the hydrogen peroxide permeation amount tends to be high. When the barrier layer 6 is too thick, the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 31 tends to increase in the case where the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 31 is sufficiently ensured, and as a result, the blood filling amount may be increased and the burden on the user may be increased.
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention will be described while referring to the drawings. However, the difference from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described and the description of the same matter will not be repeated. The present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the configuration of the hollow fiber membrane layer is different from that in the first embodiment.
A hollow fiber membrane layer 3C in the oxygenator 10 of the present embodiment is constituted of a hollow fiber membrane sheet 300 shown in
The hollow fiber membrane sheet 300 is a sheet which has warp strings 31a composed of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 31 and weft strings 31b composed of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 31, in which the warp strings and the weft strings are braided.
As shown in
The same effects as that of the first embodiment can be also obtained by such a hollow fiber membrane layer 3C.
Hereinafter, a third embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention will be described while referring to the drawing. However, the difference from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described and the description of the same matter will not be repeated. The present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the configuration of the hollow fiber membrane layer is different from that in the first embodiment.
As shown in
The same effects as the first embodiment and the second embodiment can also be achieved with such a present embodiment.
Although the heat exchanger and the oxygenator of the present invention have been described above with reference to the illustrated embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, each of the hollow fiber membranes constituting the hollow fiber membrane layer of the oxygenator portion and each of the hollow fiber membranes constituting the hollow fiber membrane layer of the heat exchange portion were the same as each other in the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, one (former) hollow fiber membrane side may be thinner than the other (latter) hollow fiber membrane side, or both hollow fiber membrane sides may be formed of materials different from each other.
In addition, in the oxygenator portion and the heat exchange portion, the heat exchange portion is disposed inside and the oxygenator portion is disposed outside in the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the oxygenator portion may be disposed inside and the heat exchange portion may be disposed outside. In this case, blood flows down from the outside to the inside.
The heat exchanger of the present invention comprises a hollow fiber membrane layer which has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes and in which the plurality of hollow fiber membranes are laminated, and a fixing portion which fixes both end portions of the hollow fiber membranes from outsides of the hollow fiber membranes. The fixing portion mainly contains polyurethane, and each of the hollow fiber membranes has a heat conductive layer containing high density polyethylene, and an adhesion layer provided on an outside of the heat conductive layer, bonded to the fixing portion, and mainly containing a modified polyolefin resin. Accordingly, the adhesion of the adhesion layer positioned at the outermost layer of the hollow fiber membranes and the fixing portion can be enhanced. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the hollow fiber membrane layer from being separated from the fixing portion, and to prevent the heat medium (water or hot water) passing through the inside of each of the hollow fiber membranes from flowing out to the outside of the hollow fiber membranes and being mixed into the patient's blood.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-012542 | Jan 2017 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation of PCT Application No. PCT/JP2018/001371, filed Jan. 18, 2018, based on and claiming priority to Japanese Application No. 2017-012542, filed Jan. 26, 2017, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2018/001371 | Jan 2018 | US |
| Child | 16513789 | US |
