Patent Application
20140245972
The present invention relates to a heat exchanger arranged to be received in a storage tank, for example an oil storage tank, in which the each exchanger contains a heat exchanger fluid therein and receives a heating apparatus extending therethrough for heating the contents in the storage tank by communicating heat from the heating apparatus through the heat exchanger fluid. The heating apparatus may comprise a burner tube of a propane burner or an electrical resistance-type heating element. More particularly, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for a heating apparatus in an oil storage tank which further includes a production passage extending through the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank for heating produced hydrocarbons as they are directed through the production passage into the oil storage tank.
In oil production, it is common to locate an oil storage tank at an oil well site to produce hydrocarbons from the well directly into the oil storage tank. It is also known to provide a propane burner which directs exhaust into a burner tube extending into the oil storage tank for heating oil in the tank. Heating the oil assist in settling sand out of the oil to the bottom of the tank and assists with fluidity of the oil when subsequently pumping the oil into transport tanker trucks.
Occasionally oil is pumped from the oil storage tank into tanker trucks such that the level of oil in the storage tank falls below the elevation of the burner tube in the storage tank. The burner tube in this instance can become excessively hot such that there is danger of igniting volatile hydrocarbons in gaseous form surrounding the burner tube. Ignition of the fumes can cause explosions which damage the tank and are a safety concerns for operators of the storage tank or tanker trucks.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,298 by St. Denis discloses a method and apparatus for heating a liquid storage tank in place of a conventional burner tube. An engine is disposed in an engine compartment appended to a peripheral sidewall of the tank and an exhaust conduit extends into the interior of the liquid storage tank from the engine such that heat from hot exhaust gases passing through the exhaust conduit heats the interior of the liquid storage tank. The exhaust conduit can still become excessively hot and is in direct contact with volatile hydrocarbons in the storage tank such that the same risk of ignition and explosions as noted above remains present.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,293,606 by Benoit discloses a heat exchanging apparatus including a gas fuelled flameless catalytic heater. According to one embodiment, an oil storage tank is heated by locating the catalytic heater remotely from the tank and communicating heat exchanger fluid in a loop between the catalytic heater and a heater coil in the tank. Although the risk of combustion within the oil storage tank may be reduced as compared to use of a burner tube, the heater coil can be difficult to maintain as it is subjected to abrasive sands and corrosive fluids within the oil storage tank.
Electrical resistant heater coils have been used by immersion within various prior art fluid tanks, such as residential hot water tanks; however, when used within a hydrocarbon storage tank for heating the oil therein, the heater coil is subjected to abrasive sands and corrosive fluids within the oil storage tank. Variation the diameter of the coil can produce dangerous hot spots. Also, the heat transfer through the contents within a hydrocarbon storage tank typically relies on conduction through the hydrocarbons as the heavy fluid involves minimal fluid movement, particularly when there is an abundance of sludge and sand therein, such that the very small heat transfer area of the heater coil is very inefficient at evenly distributing heat throughout the storage tank.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a heating assembly for heating a liquid storage tank having walls surrounding a hollow interior arranged to contain a liquid therein, the assembly comprising:
a heat exchanger tank including boundary walls containing a heat exchanger fluid therein;
a heating apparatus supported within the heat exchanger tank;
the heat exchanger tank being arranged to be supported within the liquid storage tank such that heat from the heating apparatus is arranged to be communicated through the heat exchanger fluid and the boundary walls of the heat exchanger tank directly to liquid in the liquid storage tank.
The heating apparatus may comprises a burner tube extending through the heat exchanger tank and being arranged to be coupled to an external burner so as to direct exhaust from the burner therethrough, or an electrical resistance-type heating element extending through the heat exchanger tank.
The heat exchanger fluid surrounding the heating apparatus maintains fluid contact with the heating apparatus to prevent the heating apparatus from reaching excessive temperature which could otherwise risk igniting vapours in the oil storage tank. The heat exchanger tank also limits direct contact of the heating apparatus with hydrocarbons in the storage tank to further minimize the risk of igniting hydrocarbons in the oil storage tank.
The heat exchanger tank received within the oil storage compartment of the oil storage tank allows heat to be transferred directly from the heat exchanger fluid, through the boundary walls of the heat exchanger tank, directly to the surrounding oil in the storage tank. The heat exchanger tank occupies a much larger volume than the heating element alone for more even transfer of heat to the surrounding oil in the storage tank. Furthermore, the heat exchange tank fully surrounds the heating element such that the heating element is fully protected from abrasive sands and corrosive fluids within the storage tank.
Preferably the heat exchanger tank is arranged to be supported within the oil storage tank such that heat is only communicated from the heating apparatus to the liquid in the storage tank through the heat exchanger fluid.
Preferably the heat exchanger tank is arranged to be supported in sealing engagement with one of the walls of the oil storage tank.
Preferably the heat exchanger tank is arranged to extend generally horizontally inward from an upright boundary wall of the storage tank.
The heat exchanger tank may be used in combination with a production tank arranged to receive produced hydrocarbons therein directly from a well.
Preferably the heat exchanger tank further comprises an overflow tank located externally of the heat exchanger tank and an overflow passage in communication between the overflow tank and the heat exchanger tank so as to be arranged to permit expansion of the heat exchanger fluid from the heat exchanger tank into the overflow tank.
Preferably a fluid level monitor is arranged to monitor a level of heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. In this instance the controller may be arranged to cease operation of the heating apparatus responsive to a level of the heat exchanger fluid as monitored by the fluid level monitor falling below a prescribed lower level limit.
Preferably a heat exchanger temperature monitor is arranged to monitor a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. In this instance the controller may be arranged to cease operation of the heating apparatus responsive to a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid as monitored by the heat exchanger temperature monitor exceeding a prescribed upper temperature limit.
Preferably a heat exchanger temperature monitor is arranged to monitor a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. In this instance the controller may be arranged to actuate operation of the heating apparatus responsive to a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid as monitored by the heat exchanger temperature monitor falling below a prescribed lower temperature limit.
Preferably a storage temperature monitor is arranged to monitor a temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank. In this instance the controller may be arranged to cease operation of the heating apparatus responsive to a temperature of the liquid as monitored by the storage temperature monitor exceeding a prescribed upper temperature limit.
Preferably the heat exchanger tank includes a perimeter flange projecting outwardly from the boundary walls about a circumference of the heat exchanger tank in which the perimeter flange is arranged to be mounted in sealing engagement about a perimeter of an opening in the wall of the oil storage tank.
Preferably the perimeter flange is defined by a perimeter edge of an end wall at one end of the heat exchanger tank.
Preferably the perimeter flange includes spaced apart mounting apertures formed therein so as to be arranged to secure the flange to the perimeter of the opening in the wall of the oil storage tank using threaded fasteners.
Preferably the heat exchanger fluid comprises heat transfer oil.
Preferably a production passage communicates through the heat exchanger tank between an inlet end of the production passage arranged to receive produced fluid from a well therein and outlet of the production passage arranged for communication with the hollow interior of the storage tank such that the production passage is in heat exchanging relationship with the heating apparatus through the heat exchanger fluid.
Preferably the production passage follows a sinuous path through the heat exchanger tank.
Preferably the production passage is above the heating assembly.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided method of producing hydrocarbons from a well comprising a wellhead, the method comprising:
providing a storage tank in proximity to the well having an interior storage chamber for storing produced hydrocarbons therein;
providing a heating assembly comprising:
directing produced hydrocarbons from the well into the interior storage chamber of the storage tank; and
heating the produced hydrocarbons in the interior storage chamber of the storage tank by actuating the heating apparatus such that heat from the heating apparatus is arranged to be communicated through the heat exchanger fluid and the boundary walls of the heat exchanger tank directly to the produced hydrocarbons in the storage tank.
Various embodiments of the invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.
Referring to the accompanying figures, there is illustrated a heating assembly generally indicated by reference numeral 10. The assembly 10 is suited for heating a liquid storage tank 12 having tank boundary walls 14 surrounding the hollow interior which defines a main liquid storage portion for storing liquid, for example oil therein.
According to the first and second embodiments of
According to the third embodiment of
Although various embodiments are shown in the accompanying figures, the common features of the first and second embodiments will first be described.
The assembly 10 is mounted into a suitable opening 18 formed in an upright one of the walls 14 of the tank. A heat exchanger tank 20 of the assembly extends into the storage tank through the opening 18 so as to be elongate and extend generally horizontally inward into the tank from a first end 22 at the wall of the tank to an inner second end 24. The tank 20 is fully closed on all sides by respective side walls 26 and enclosed at both of the first and second ends by respective ends walls 28 such that the interior of the heat exchanger tank is a fixed closed volume containing a heat exchanger fluid therein which fills the tank.
At the first end of the tank 20, the end wall 28 comprises a generally vertically oriented end plate which protrudes beyond the side walls about the full perimeter edge thereof to define a perimeter flange 30 extending about a full circumference of the heat exchanger tank at the first end thereof. The perimeter flange overlaps the side wall of the oil storage tank within which the heat exchanger tank is mounted about the full perimeter of the opening 18. Mounting apertures 32 are located at circumferentially spaced positions about the perimeter flange so as to permit mounting to the tank wall about the perimeter of the opening using suitable threaded fasteners for example. A gasket 34 may be provided about the perimeter of the opening 18 of the tank wall to be clamped between the storage tank and the perimeter mounting flange of the heat exchanger tank so that the heat exchanger tank is mounted in sealing engagement with the storage tank wall about the full perimeter thereof.
The assembly further includes a burner tube 36 which is generally U-shaped so as to comprise two elongate sections 38 extending horizontally and longitudinally substantially between the first and second ends of the heat exchanger tank. The two sections 38 are joined at the second end of the tank by a curved section to define the U-shape of the burner tube.
A lowermost one of the two sections 38 protrudes through the end wall 28 at the first end of the tank to define an inlet of an exhaust passage defined by the burner tube. A suitable bolt flange 40 about the inlet permits coupling to a burner head 16 for receiving the products of combustion therefrom in use to heat the burner tube and thus heat the oil in the storage tank as described in further detail below.
The uppermost section 38 of the burner tube similarly protrudes through the end wall 28 at the first end of the heat exchanger tank above the inlet. The portion of the second section protruding to the exterior is coupled to a vertical stack 42 to define an outlet of the exhaust passage defined by the burner tube which is vented to atmosphere.
The main portion of the burner tube between the inlet and outlet ends thereof as defined primarily by the first and second sections 38 and the curved section therebetween is fully contained within the heat exchanger tank. The heat exchanger tank is in turn mounted within the storage tank wall so that the main portion of the burner tube is the only portion received within the storage tank and also such that the main portion is fully surrounded by heat exchanger fluid contained within the heat exchanger tank. In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger fluid is a heat transfer oil. Regardless of the type of heat exchanger fluid, the heat exchanger tank is mounted such that heat can only be communicated from the burner tube to the oil in the main oil storage portion of the storage tank through the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. This ensures no direct communication between the burner tube and the oil in the storage tank.
In use, the heating assembly is installed in a storage tank by providing a suitable opening in the upright wall of the tank so that the heat exchanger tank can be substantially fully inserted into the oil storage tank to extend longitudinally and horizontally inward from the first end of the tank wall to the second end terminating internally within the oil storage tank. Using the gasket and bolts through the perimeter mounting flange the first end of the heat exchanger tank is mounted in sealing engagement about the perimeter of the opening in the storage tank wall.
The burner head is coupled to the inlet of the burner tube and operated such that the products of combustion from the burner head are directed through the burner tube from the inlet to the outlet to heat up the burner tube and in turn heat up the heat exchanger fluid surrounding the burner tube. The heat transferred to the fluid is in turn transferred to the oil through the increased exterior surface area of the heat exchanger tank.
As shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Turning now more particularly to the first embodiment of
The first end of the production passage includes the bolt flange 46 at the exterior of the heat exchanger tank to permit coupling to suitable oil production equipment to receive produced oil directly therein, thus defining an inlet 48 of the production passage. Produced fluids are communicated from the inlet towards an opposing outlet 50 defined by the second end of the production passage at the second end of the heat exchanger tank.
The production passage is comprised of plural lengths of pipe joined by curved sections to define a sinuous path from the inlet to the outlet through the heat exchanger fluid. The winding and non-linear path of the production passage increases the duration that the produced fluids are in heat exchanging relationship with the heat exchanger fluid.
Connecting oil production equipment to the inlet of the production passage also allows heat to be transferred from the burner tube to the produced fluids in the production passage 44 by transferring heat across the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank surrounding both the burner tube and the production passage.
Turning now more particularly to the embodiment of
As shown in
A storage temperature monitor 66 is also provided for monitoring a temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank. The storage temperature monitor 66 is supported in the boundary wall of the storage tank, spaced apart laterally from the heat exchanger tank, at an elevation which is near a vertical center of the storage tank and the heat exchanger tank respectively. The storage temperature monitor communicates through the boundary wall of the storage tank so as to be in contact with the liquid stored in the storage tank 12. The controller 60 in this instance is arranged to cease operation of the burner head responsive to a temperature of the liquid as monitored by the storage temperature monitor exceeding a prescribed upper temperature limit regardless of the condition sensed by the heat exchanger temperature monitor. More particularly, if the liquid temperature in the storage tank exceeds the respective upper storage temperature limit, the burner head is not operated even if the heat exchanger temperature monitor indicates a temperature below the upper limit thereof.
Another one of the sensors associated with the controller is a fluid level monitor 62 which is supported on the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank 20 to communicate through the end wall with fluid inside the tank. More particularly, the fluid level monitor 62 is arranged to monitor a level of heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank by determining if the fluid is in contact with the monitor or not. The monitor is mounted above the height of the burner tubes to define a minimum operational height of the liquid. The controller 60 monitors if fluid is in contact with the monitor 62 to determine if the height of the fluid is above or below the level of the monitor 62. Accordingly the controller can be arranged to cease operation of the burner head 16 responsive to a level of the heat exchanger fluid falling below a prescribed lower level limit defined by the location of the monitor as indicated by a lack of fluid contact with the monitor 62. The operation of the burner head is prevented in the instance of a fluid level below the fluid level monitor 62 even if the temperature monitors indicate a heating demand.
Also shown in
A thermometer 76 can also be mounted externally on the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank to display temperature of the fluid within the heat exchanger tank as measured by the thermometer in communication with the fluid.
The assembly according to
Turning now to the third embodiment of
A heat exchanger tank 20 of the assembly extends into the storage tank through the opening 18 so as to be elongate in a longitudinal direction extending generally horizontally inward into the tank from a first end 22 at the wall of the tank to an inner second end 24. The tank 20 is fully closed on all sides by respective side walls 26 and enclosed at both of the first and second ends by respective ends walls 28 such that the interior of the heat exchanger tank is a fixed volume containing a heat exchanger fluid therein, for example a heat transfer oil or glycol, which fills the tank.
At the first end of the tank 20, the end wall 28 comprises a generally vertically oriented end plate which protrudes beyond the side walls about the full perimeter edge thereof to define a perimeter flange 30 extending about a full circumference of the heat exchanger tank at the first end thereof. The perimeter flange overlaps the mounting flange 21 about the tank opening 18 within which the heat exchanger tank is received. Co-operating mounting apertures 32 in the mounting flange 21 of the storage tank and the perimeter flange 30 of the heating assembly permit fasteners to secure the flanges together about the full perimeter of the opening 18 using suitable threaded fasteners for example. An annular gasket 34 may be provided between the flanges prior to fastening so that the gasket is received about the full circumference of the opening 18, clamped between the storage tank and the perimeter mounting flange of the heat exchanger tank. Accordingly, the heat exchanger tank is mounted in sealing engagement with the storage tank wall about the full perimeter thereof.
The heating apparatus 15 includes a resistance type heating element 37 which is submerged within the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank, and a controller 61 which regulates electrical power delivered to the heating element 37 to produce heat. The heating element includes a plurality of winding sections 39 which follow a sinuous path substantially evenly distributed throughout the volume of the heat exchanger tank to provide substantially uniform heat to the heat exchanger fluid within the heat exchanger tank. A sealed port 41 communicates the heat element 37 through the exterior end wall 28 in sealing engagement with the end wall to prevent the escape of heat exchanger fluid therethrough.
The heating element is fully received and contained within the heat exchanger tank, and in turn, the heat exchanger tank is mounted within the storage tank wall so that the heat exchanger tank is substantially fully received within the interior storage volume of the oil storage tank. Although in the preferred embodiment the heat exchanger fluid is a heat transfer oil, regardless of the type of heat exchanger fluid, the heat exchanger tank is mounted such that heat can only be communicated from the heating element to the oil in the main oil storage portion of the storage tank through the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. This ensures no direct communication between the heating element and the oil in the storage tank.
The heating assembly 10 optionally further includes a production passage 44 in the form of an elongate pipe extending through the heat exchanger tank to be surrounded by heat exchanger fluid therein. The production passage extends from a first end protruding through the end wall 28 at the first end of the heat exchanger tank at a location above the heating element to a second end which is open to the hollow interior of the main oil storage portion of the storage tank.
The first end of the production passage includes the bolt flange 46 at the exterior of the heat exchanger tank to permit coupling to suitable oil production equipment to receive produced oil directly therein, thus defining an inlet 48 of the production passage. Produced fluids are communicated from the inlet towards an opposing outlet 50 defined by the second end of the production passage at the second end of the heat exchanger tank.
The production passage is comprised of plural lengths of pipe joined by curved sections to define a sinuous path from the inlet to the outlet through the heat exchanger fluid. The winding and non-linear path of the production passage increases the duration that the produced fluids are in heat exchanging relationship with the heat exchanger fluid.
Connecting oil production equipment to the inlet of the production passage also allows heat to be transferred upwardly from the heating element to the produced fluids in the production passage 44 by transferring heat across the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank surrounding both the heating element and the production passage.
With regard to operation of the heating element, the controller 61 works in cooperation with various sensors as described herein. One of the sensors is a heat exchanger temperature monitor 64 mounted on the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank 20 at an intermediate height which is centrally located between the top and bottom ends of the heat exchanger tank. The heat exchanger temperature monitor 64 is arranged to monitor a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank. The monitored temperature is relayed to the controller with all other monitored data.
In this instance, the controller 61 is arranged to both: i) actuate operation of the electric heating element responsive to a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid as monitored by the heat exchanger temperature monitor falling below a prescribed lower temperature limit, and ii) cease operation of the electric heating element responsive to a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid as monitored by the heat exchanger temperature monitor exceeding a prescribed upper temperature limit. The heat exchanger is thus maintained substantially between the upper and lower temperature limits.
A storage temperature monitor 66 is also provided for monitoring a temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank. The storage temperature monitor 66 is supported in the boundary wall of the storage tank, spaced apart laterally from the heat exchanger tank, at an elevation which is near a vertical center of the storage tank and the heat exchanger tank respectively. The storage temperature monitor communicates through the boundary wall of the storage tank so as to be in contact with the liquid stored in the storage tank 12.
The controller 61 in this instance is arranged to cease operation of the electric heating element responsive to a temperature of the liquid as monitored by the storage temperature monitor exceeding a prescribed upper temperature limit regardless of the condition sensed by the heat exchanger temperature monitor. More particularly, if the liquid temperature in the storage tank exceeds the respective upper storage temperature limit, the electric heating element is not operated even if the heat exchanger temperature monitor indicates a temperature below the upper limit thereof.
Another one of the sensors associated with the controller is a fluid level monitor 62 which is supported on the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank 20 to communicate through the end wall with fluid inside the tank. More particularly, the fluid level monitor 62 is arranged to monitor a level of heat exchanger fluid in the heat exchanger tank by determining if the fluid is in contact with the monitor or not. The monitor is mounted above the height of an uppermost portion of the heating element to define a minimum operational height of the liquid.
The controller 61 monitors if fluid is in contact with the monitor 62 to determine if the height of the fluid is above or below the level of the monitor 62. Accordingly the controller can be arranged to cease operation of the electrical heating element responsive to a level of the heat exchanger fluid falling below a prescribed lower level limit defined by the location of the monitor as indicated by a lack of fluid contact with the monitor 62. The operation of the electric heating element is prevented in the instance of a fluid level below the fluid level monitor 62 even if the temperature monitors indicate a heating demand.
The heating assembly also includes an overflow tank 68 which is supported externally of the storage tank 12 and the heat exchanger tank 20 by being supported along an exterior of the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank and along an exterior of one of the boundary walls of the storage tank 12. The overflow tank 68 locates a surplus of the heat exchanger fluid therein. The overflow tank 68 is elongate in a vertical direction and is supported such that a majority of the tank extends upwardly above the top end of the heat exchanger tank 20. An overflow passage 70 in the form of a small diameter tube or pipe is in open fluid communication between a bottom end of the overflow tank and a top end of the heat exchanger tank so as to be arranged to permit expansion of the heat exchanger fluid from the heat exchanger tank into the overflow tank and so as to ensure the heat exchanger tank remains always full in its entirety with heat exchanger fluid. The top end of the overflow tank includes a vent 72 which is vented to atmospheric pressure.
A drain fitting 74 is also provided in communication through the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank 20 adjacent the bottom end thereof. The drain fitting 74 can be capped or provided with a valve to maintain the fitting in a closed state under normal operation. The drain fitting is typically only opened when it is desired to drain the heat exchanger fluid from the heat exchanger tank, for example when performing maintenance on the assembly.
A thermometer 76 can also be mounted externally on the outer end wall 28 of the heat exchanger tank to display temperature of the fluid within the heat exchanger tank as measured by the thermometer in communication with the fluid.
In use, the heating assembly is installed in a storage tank by providing a suitable opening 18 in the upright wall of the tank with a corresponding mounting flange about the opening so that the heat exchanger tank can be substantially fully inserted into the oil storage tank to extend longitudinally and horizontally inward from the first end of the tank wall to the second end terminating internally within the oil storage tank. Using the gasket and bolts through the perimeter mounting flange the first end of the heat exchanger tank is mounted in sealing engagement about the perimeter of the opening in the storage tank wall.
As shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
The heating assembly 10 is operated as described above to heat contents of the storage tank for treatment and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the storage tank receives produced hydrocarbons therein, which may be heated, for example to assist in the settling of sand from the oil. The controller 61 receives data from the various monitors described above and operates the electrical heating element to maintain temperature of the heat exchanger fluid between upper and lower limits, while simultaneously ensuring that the temperature of the contents of the storage tank remains between upper and lower limits. For added safety, the heating element is prevented from operating if the fluid level in the heat exchanger tank falls below a prescribed limit.
Since various modifications can be made in my invention as herein above described, and many apparently widely different embodiments of same made within the spirit and scope of the claims without department from such spirit and scope, it is intended that all matter contained in the accompanying specification shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
This application is a continuation-in-part of US parent application Ser. No. 14/178,919, filed Feb. 12, 2014, and claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C.119(e) of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/763,603, filed Feb. 12, 2013.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61763603 | Feb 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14178919 | Feb 2014 | US |
| Child | 14255476 | US |
