HEAT SOURCE UNIT AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a heat source unit and a refrigeration cycle apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

Hitherto, in refrigeration cycle apparatuses, such as air conditioners, R410A is often used as a refrigerant. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32, or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125, or R125) and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition.

However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and, in recent years, because of growing concern about global warming, R32 that is a refrigerant having a lower GWP is used more often.

For this reason, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No. 2015/141678) suggests various types of low-GWP refrigerant mixtures as alternatives to R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem

However, for a case where a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, using a refrigeration cycle apparatus or its component device having any pressure resistance strength is not considered or suggested at all.

For example, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerant, such as R410A and R32 that are often used so far, when existing connection pipes are used, and the refrigerant is replaced with a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, there are concerns about occurrence of damage to the existing connection pipes if a device that is a component of the refrigeration cycle apparatus operates under a pressure exceeding the withstanding pressure of the existing connection pipes.

The contents of the present disclosure are described in view of the above-described points, and it is an object to provide a heat source unit and a refrigeration cycle apparatus that are able to reduce damage to a connection pipe when a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used.

Solution to Problem

A heat source unit according to a first aspect includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. The heat source unit is connected via a connection pipe to a service unit and is a component of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. In the heat source unit, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant. A design pressure of the heat source unit is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe.

A “design pressure” means a gauge pressure (hereinafter, the same applies).

Since the heat source unit has a design pressure lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of the connection pipe, the heat source unit is operated at a pressure lower than a withstanding pressure of the connection pipe. Therefore, even when the heat source unit is connected to the connection pipe and used, damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect includes a service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the first aspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the second aspect, and the design pressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect includes a service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the first aspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, and the design pressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect includes a heat source unit, a service unit, and a connection pipe. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. A design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the sixth aspect, and the design pressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth aspect includes a heat source unit, a service unit, and a connection pipe. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. A design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the eighth aspect, and the design pressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A heat source unit according to a tenth aspect includes a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, and a control device. The heat source unit is connected via a connection pipe to a service unit and is a component of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. In the heat source unit, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant. The control device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe.

The heat source unit is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant made by the control device such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe. Therefore, even when the heat source unit is connected to the connection pipe and used, operation control is ensured at a pressure lower than the withstanding pressure of the connection pipe, so damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh aspect includes a service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the tenth aspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used is modified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the original connection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configured to set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such that the upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used, so damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the eleventh aspect, and the upper limit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth aspect includes a service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the tenth aspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used is modified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the original connection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configured to set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such that the upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used, so damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the thirteenth aspect, and the upper limit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth aspect includes a heat source unit, a service unit, a connection pipe, and a control device. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fifteenth aspect, and the upper limit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventeenth aspect includes a heat source unit, a service unit, a connection pipe, and a control device. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of ±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the seventeenth aspect, and the upper limit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a nineteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to those of R410A is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty sixth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to those of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to those of R410A and is classified with lower flammabilitye (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty ninth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′ C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirtieth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty sixth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty ninth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fortieth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a forty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass %(the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and Ito W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and Ito W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N20). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)
HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)
HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)
HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)
HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)
HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)
HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)
HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)
HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)
HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)
HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)
CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃₀CHF₂)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃₀CH₂F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃₀CH₃)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)
HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy−1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil—Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);

the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or

on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);

the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);

the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and

the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),

or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);

the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:

point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c);

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:

point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),

or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

Comp.
Comp.

Example

Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Example
2
Example
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7

R1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3

GWP
—
2088
1
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
—
30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6

TABLE 2

Comp.

Example

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.

Ex. 5
Example
5
Example
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8

Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80

glide

Discharge
% (relative
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0

TABLE 3

Comp. Ex. 9
Example 8
Example 9
Example 10
Example 11
Example 12

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51

glide

Discharge
% (relative
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7

TABLE 4

Example 13
Example 14
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
Example 19

Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S′
T

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8

HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3

GWP
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8

TABLE 5

Comp. Ex.
Example
Example

10
20
21

Item
Unit
G
H
I

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0

GWP
—
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71

Discharge pressure
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
37.4
37.0
36.6

TABLE 6

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 11
Comp. Ex. 12
Example 22
Example 23
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26
Comp. Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1

TABLE 7

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 14
Example 27
Example 28
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31
Example 32
Comp. Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative

pressure
to 410A)
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0

RCL
g/m³
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0

TABLE 8

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 16
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Comp. Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05

glide

Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8

TABLE 9

Item
Unit
Example 39
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61

glide

Discharge
% (relative
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4

TABLE 10

Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
Example 51
Example 52

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78

glide

Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3

TABLE 11

Item
Unit
Example 53
Example 54
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2

TABLE 12

Item
Unit
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62
Example 63
Comp. Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64

glide

Discharge
% (relative
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1

TABLE 13

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Example
Example
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
64
65
19
20
21

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5

TABLE 14

Item
Unit
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95

glide

Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6

TABLE 15

Item
Unit
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0

R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9

TABLE 16

Item
Unit
Example 82
Example 83
Example 84
Example 85
Example 86
Example 87
Example 88
Example 89

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0

HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1

TABLE 17

Item
Unit
Example 90
Example 91
Example 92
Example 93
Example 94
Example 95
Example 96
Example 97

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0

GWP
—
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5

TABLE 18

Item
Unit
Example 98
Example 99
Example 100
Example 101
Example 102
Example 103
Example 104
Example 105

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8

TABLE 19

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6

TABLE 20

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21

glide

Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4

TABLE 21

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58

glide

Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5

TABLE 22

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5

TABLE 23

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4

TABLE 24

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48

glide

Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5

TABLE 25

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3

TABLE 26

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62

glide

Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4

TABLE 27

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0

HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3

TABLE 28

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9

TABLE 29

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3

TABLE 30

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2

TABLE 31

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43

glide

Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2

TABLE 32

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97

glide

Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0

TABLE 33

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0

TABLE 34

Example
Example

Item
Unit
226
227

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.6
85.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
4.18
4.11

Discharge pressure
% (relative
91.0
90.6

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
50.9
49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item
Unit
G
H
I

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10

TABLE 36

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping, −40°

C., 92%
C., 90%
C., 90%
C., 66%
C., 12%
C., 0%

release, liquid
release, liquid
release, gas
release, gas
release, gas
release, gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2

Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
9
9
8 or less

velocity (WCF)

Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

velocity (WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1,31.9,5.0)
point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−83 1.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

Com-

Com-
parative

parative
Example
Com-

Com-

Example
2
parative

parative

1
HFO-
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
R410A
1132E
3
1
2
3
4
5
4

HFO-1132E
mass %
—
100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %

0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40

(WCF)

GWP
—
2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
%
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8

capacity
(relative

ratio
to R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06

pressure

Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

flammable

(WCF)

TABLE 38

Com-

Com-
Com-

Com-
Com-
Com-
parative

parative
parative

parative
parative
parative
Example

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
10

Item
Unit
5
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
HFO-1123

HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100

(WCF)

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
%
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39

pressure

Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

Leakage test
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

conditions (WCFF)
side
side
side
side
side
side
side
side
—

HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38
—

(WCFF)

HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62

(WCFF)

Burning
cm/sec
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
5

velocity

(WCF)

Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

(WCFF)

ASHRAE
2
2
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L

flammability

classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
point A(0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),
point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),
point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);

if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),
point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),
point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or

if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),
point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),
point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 1

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7

HFO-1123
Mass %

0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %

31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4

R32
Mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
2088
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative

to R410A)
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4

Refrigerating
% (relative

capacity ratio
to R410A)
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5

TABLE 40

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 2

Item
Unit
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2

R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 41

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21
Ex. 3

Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4

R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

GWP
—
77
77
76
76
77
76
77

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 42

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6

R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
99
100
99
100

COP ratio
% (relative
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 43

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

27
28
29
30
31
Ex. 5

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0

R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3

R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2

GWP
—
125
125
124
125
124
125

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 44

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

32
33
34
35
36
Ex. 6

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
149
150
149
150

COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 45

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

37
38
39
40
41
42

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5

R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7

GWP
—
182
182
181
182
181
182

COP ratio
% (relative
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 46

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

43
44
45
46
47
48

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
198
199
198
200

COP ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 47

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

49
50
51
52
53
54

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8

R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7

GWP
—
250
250
248
249
248
250

COP ratio
% (relative
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 48

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

55
56
57
58
59
60

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
300
300
298
299
298
299

COP ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 49

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 61
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64
Ex. 65

Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8

R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8

GWP
—
325
323
324
323
324

COP ratio
% (relative
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 50

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 66
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 51

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 67
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 52

Item
Unit
Ex. 21
Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 27
Ex. 28

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0

TABLE 53

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 68
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7

TABLE 54

Item
Unit
Ex. 36
Ex. 37
Ex. 38
Ex. 39
Comp. Ex. 69
Ex. 40
Ex. 41
Ex. 42

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6

TABLE 55

Item
Unit
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 49
Ex. 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2

TABLE 56

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 70
Ex. 51
Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54
Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8

TABLE 57

Item
Unit
Ex. 58
Ex. 59
Ex. 60
Ex. 61
Comp. Ex. 71
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7

TABLE 58

Item
Unit
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 69
Ex. 70
Ex. 71
Ex. 72

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1

TABLE 59

Item
Unit
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
Ex. 80

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1

TABLE 60

Item
Unit
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1

TABLE 61

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5

TABLE 62

Item
Unit
Comp. Ex. 80
Comp. Ex. 81
Comp. Ex. 82

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.1
99.5
99.9

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
82.9
82.3
81.7

TABLE 63

Item
Unit
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3

TABLE 64

Item
Unit
Ex. 97
Comp. Ex. 83
Ex. 98
Ex. 99
Ex. 100
Ex. 101
Ex. 102
Ex. 103

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6

TABLE 65

Item
Unit
Ex. 104
Ex. 105
Ex. 106
Comp. Ex. 84
Ex. 107
Ex. 108
Ex. 109
Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mas s%
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7

TABLE 66

Item
Unit
Ex. 111
Ex. 112
Ex. 113
Ex. 114
Ex. 115
Comp. Ex. 85
Ex. 116
Ex. 117

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6

TABLE 67

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 118
Ex. 119
Ex. 120
Ex. 121
Ex. 122
Ex. 123
Ex. 124
Ex. 86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 68

Item
Unit
Ex. 125
Ex. 126
Ex. 127
Ex. 128
Ex. 129
Ex. 130
Ex. 131
Ex. 132

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 69

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 133
Ex. 87
Ex. 134
Ex. 135
Ex. 136
Ex. 137
Ex. 138
Ex. 139

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 70

Item
Unit
Ex. 140
Ex. 141
Ex. 142
Ex. 143
Ex. 144
Ex. 145
Ex. 146
Ex. 147

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 71

Item
Unit
Ex. 148
Ex. 149
Ex. 150
Ex. 151
Ex. 152
Ex. 153
Ex. 154
Ex. 155

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 72

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 156
Ex. 157
Ex. 158
Ex. 159
Ex. 160
Ex. 88
Ex. 89
Ex. 90

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 73

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 74

Item
Unit
Ex. 161
Ex. 162
Ex. 163
Ex. 164
Ex. 165
Ex. 166
Ex. 167
Ex. 168

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 75

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 96
Ex. 169
Ex. 170
Ex. 171
Ex. 172
Ex. 173
Ex. 174
Ex. 175

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 76

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 176
Ex. 97
Ex. 177
Ex. 178
Ex. 179
Ex. 180
Ex. 181
Ex. 182

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 77

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 183
Ex. 184
Ex. 98
Ex. 185
Ex. 186
Ex. 187
Ex. 188
Ex. 189

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 78

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 190
Ex. 191
Ex. 192
Ex. 99
Ex. 193
Ex. 194
Ex. 195
Ex. 196

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 79

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 197
Ex. 198
Ex. 199
Ex. 200
Ex. 100
Ex. 201
Ex. 202
Ex. 203

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 80

Item
Unit
Ex. 204
Ex. 205
Ex. 206
Ex. 207
Ex. 208
Ex. 209
Ex. 210
Ex. 211

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 81

Item
Unit
Ex. 212
Ex. 213
Ex. 214
Ex. 215
Ex. 216
Ex. 217
Ex. 218
Ex. 219

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 82

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 220
Ex. 221
Ex. 222
Ex. 223
Ex. 224
Ex. 225
Ex. 226
Ex. 101

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 83

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 104

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
100.0
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
84.1
83.8
83.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 84

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 227
Ex. 228
Ex. 229
Ex. 230
Ex. 231
Ex. 232
Ex. 233
Ex. 105

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 85

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 234
Ex. 235
Ex. 236
Ex. 237
Ex. 238
Ex. 239
Ex. 240
Ex. 106

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 86

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 241
Ex. 242
Ex. 243
Ex. 244
Ex. 245
Ex. 246
Ex. 247
Ex. 107

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 87

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 248
Ex. 249
Ex. 250
Ex. 251
Ex. 252
Ex. 253
Ex. 254
Ex. 108

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 88

Item
Unit
Ex. 255
Ex. 256
Ex. 257
Ex. 258
Ex. 259
Ex. 260
Ex. 261
Ex. 262

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 89

Item
Unit
Ex. 263
Ex. 264
Ex. 265
Ex. 266
Ex. 267
Ex. 268
Ex. 269
Ex. 270

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 90

Item
Unit
Ex. 271
Ex. 272
Ex. 273
Ex. 274
Ex. 275
Ex. 276
Ex. 277
Ex. 278

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 91

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 279
Ex. 280
Ex. 109
Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 92

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 281
Ex. 282
Ex. 283
Ex. 284
Ex. 285
Ex. 111
Ex. 286
Ex. 287

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 93

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 288
Ex. 289
Ex. 290
Ex. 112
Ex. 291
Ex. 292
Ex. 293
Ex. 294

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 94

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 295
Ex. 113
Ex. 296
Ex. 297
Ex. 298
Ex. 299
Ex. 300
Ex. 301

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 95

Item
Unit
Ex. 302
Ex. 303
Ex. 304
Ex. 305
Ex. 306
Ex. 307
Ex. 308
Ex. 309

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 96

Item
Unit
Ex. 400

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0

R32
Mass %
44.1

GWP
—
299

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.7

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
92.3

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);

if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B(0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 6
Ex. 13
Ex. 19
Ex. 24
Ex. 29
Ex. 34

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 98

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 39
Ex. 45
Ex. 51
Ex. 57
Ex. 62

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 99

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 7
Ex. 14
Ex. 20
Ex. 25
Ex. 30
Ex. 35

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 100

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 40
Ex. 46
Ex. 52
Ex. 58
Ex. 63

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 101

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 8
Ex. 15
Ex. 21
Ex. 26
Ex. 31
Ex. 36

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3

HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°

C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%

release, liquid
release, liquid
release, liquid
release, liquid
release, liquid
release, liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 102

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 41
Ex. 47
Ex. 53
Ex. 59
Ex. 64

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
Mass %
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°

C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 90%
C., 86%

release, liquid
release, liquid
release, liquid
release, gas
release, gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8.3
9.3
9.6

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 103

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 9
Ex. 16
Ex. 22
Ex. 27
Ex. 32
Ex. 37

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°

C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 92%
C., 0%
C., 0%

release, gas
release, gas
release, gas
release, liquid
release, gas
release, gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4

R1234yf
Mass %
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 104

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Ex. 42
Ex. 48
Ex. 54
Ex. 60
Ex. 65

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°

C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%

release, gas
release, gas
release, gas
release, gas
release, gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2

R32
Mass %
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098,0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.026a²+ 0..7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0..6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 106

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.026a²+ 0.7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0.6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1

HFO-1123
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a²− 0.9645a + 47.1
0.0243a²− 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a²− 1.4476a + 50.184

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0049a²− 0.0355a + 52.9
−0.0243a²+ 0.4161a + 50.275
−0.0246a²+ 0.4476a + 49.816

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a²− 1.1399a + 46.493
−0.0134a²+ 1.0956a + 7.13

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0183a²+ 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a²− 2.0956a + 92.87

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 108

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8

HFO-1123
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0

R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5

R32
x
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0514a²− 2.4353a + 61.7
0.0341a²− 2.1977a + 61.187
0.0196a²− 1.7863a + 58.515

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0323a²+ 0.4122a + 5.9
−0.0236a²+ 0.34a + 5.636
−0.0079a²− 0.1136a + 8.702

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0191a²+ 1.0231a + 32.4
−0.0105a²+ 0.8577a + 33.177
−0.0117a²+ 0.8999a + 32.783

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
−0.0051a²+ 0.0929a + 25.95
−1.892a + 29.443

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0.0051a²− 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557

Approximate

expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a²− 1.9681a + 68.6
0.0112a²− 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a²− 1.9142a + 68.305

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0134a²+ 0.9681a + 31.4
−0.0112a²+ 0.69337a + 31.516
−0.0107a²+ 0.9142a + 31.695

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0103a²− 1.9225a + 68.793
0.0085a²− 1.8102a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0103a²+ 0.9225a + 31..207
−0.0085a²+ 0.8102a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9

R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0144a²− 1.6377a + 58.7
0.0075a²− 1.5156a + 58.199
0.009a²− 1.6045a + 59.318

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0144a²+ 0.6377a + 41.3
−0.0075a²+ 0.5156a + 41.801
−0.009a²+ 0.6045a + 40.682

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0

R1234yf
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0046a²− 1.41a + 57.286
0.0012a²− 1.1659a + 52.95

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0046a²+ 0.41a + 42.714
−0.0012a²+ 0.1659a + 47.05

Approximate

expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9

R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6

Approximate

expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0

HFO-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9

R1234yf
0
0
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0

Approximate

expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

TABLE 113

Comparative

Example

Example

Example

Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16

Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9

R32
Mass %
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4

Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 114

Comparative

Example

Example

Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example

Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

results in WCFF
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°

C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,

on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9

R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0

Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning Velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 115

Example

Example

23
Example
25

Item
Unit
O
24
P

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8

Leak condition

Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

that results

Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°

in WCFF

C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,
C., 0% release,

on the gas
on the gas
on the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4

R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5

Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Velocity (WCF)

Burning
cm/s
10
10
10

Velocity (WCFF)

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0

R32
Mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5

R1234yf
Mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5

GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
350

COP Ratio
% (relative
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 117

Comparative

Comparative

Example

Example

Example 8
Comparative
Example 10
Example
2
Example
4

Item
Unit
C
Example 9
C′
1
R
3
T

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6

R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8

GWP
—
1
69
125
188
250
300
350

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 118

Comparative

Example

Example
Comparative

Example

Example 11
Example
6
Example
8
Example 12
Example
10

Item
Unit
E
5
N
7
U
G
9
V

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9

GWP
—
2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 119

Comparative

Example

Example

Example
Example

Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16
17

Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L
Q

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 120

Comparative

Example

Example

Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example

Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9

GWP
—
2
36
70
100
125
188

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 121

Exam-

Exam-
Exam-

ple
Exam-
ple
ple

23
ple
25
26

Item
Unit
O
24
P
S

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9

R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4

GWP
—
250
300
350
270

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 122

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
27
28
Example 19
Example 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

GWP
—
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35

COP Ratio
% (relative
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 123

Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
29
Example 23
30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69

COP Ratio
% (relative
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 124

Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 27
31
Example 28
32
33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

GWP
—
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102

COP Ratio
% (relative
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 125

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0

GWP
—
138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171

COP Ratio
% (relative
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 126

Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example

Item
Unit
34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0

GWP
—
171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 127

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
36
37
38
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0

GWP
—
204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 128

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0

GWP
—
237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 129

Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
40
41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
42
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 130

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
43
44
45
46

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0

R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0

GWP
—
373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 131

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0

R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0

GWP
—
43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1
99.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 132

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0

R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0

GWP
—
63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 133

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0

GWP

83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 134

Item
Unit
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0

R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0

GWP

124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 135

Item
Unit
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81
Example 82
Example 83
Example 84
Example 85
Example 86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0

R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0

GWP
—
23
23
43
43
43
64
64
63

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 136

Item
Unit
Example 87
Example 88
Example 89
Example 90
Example 91
Example 92
Example 93
Example 94

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0

GWP
—
84
84
84
84
104
104
104
104

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 137

Item
Unit
Example 95
Example 96
Example 97
Example 98
Example 99
Example 100
Example 101
Example 102

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0

R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0

GWP
—
104
124
124
124
124
124
124
144

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 138

Item
Unit
Example 103
Example 104
Example 105
Example 106
Example 107
Example 108
Example 109
Example 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0

R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0

GWP
—
164
164
185
185
184
205
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 139

Item
Unit
Example 111
Example 112
Example 113
Example 114
Example 115
Example 116
Example 117
Example 118

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0

GWP
—
205
225
225
225
225
225
245
245

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 140

Item
Unit
Example 119
Example 120
Example 121
Example 122
Example 123
Example 124
Example 125
Example 126

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0

GWP
—
245
245
245
170
191
211
211
231

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 141

Item
Unit
Example 127
Example 128
Example 129
Example 130
Example 131
Example 132
Example 133
Example 134

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0

R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
231
231
252
251
251
251
272
272

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 142

Item
Unit
Example 135
Example 136
Example 137
Example 138
Example 139
Example 140
Example 141
Example 142

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0

R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0

GWP
—
272
271
292
292
292
292
292
312

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 143

Item
Unit
Example 143
Example 144
Example 145
Example 146
Example 147
Example 148
Example 149
Example 150

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0

R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0

GWP
—
312
312
312
312
332
332
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 144

Item
Unit
Example 151
Example 152

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0

R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0

GWP
—
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative
99.8
101.3

Ratio
to R410A)

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and

the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),

the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),

the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),
point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

the line segment cd is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant E)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145

Item
Unit
I
J
K
L

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
35.5

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10

TABLE 146

Item
Unit
M
N
T
P
U
Q

WCF
HFO-
mass %
47.1
38.5
34.8
31.8
28.7
28.6

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
51.0
49.8
41.2
34.4

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
30.1
37.0

Leak condition
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

that results
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°

in WCFF
C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release,

on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-
mass %
72.0
58.9
51.5
44.6
31.4
27.1

1132(E)

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.4
33.1
32.6
23.2
18.3

R32
mass %
0.0
8.7
15.4
22.8
45.4
54.6

Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

velocity (WCF)

Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

velocity (WCFF)

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and
point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), and
the line segment KL is represented by coordinates (0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

For the points on the line segment 1K, an approximate curve (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).

Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).

For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 147

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0

R32
mass %

9.5
9.5
18.4
18.4
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
2088
65
65
125
125
250
250

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.1
92.0
98.7
93.4
98.7
96.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
102.2
111.6
105.3
113.7
110.0
115.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 148

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
Example 1

Example 11

Item
Unit
O
C
Example 10
U
Example 2
D

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
100.0
50.0
41.1
28.7
15.2
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
31.6
34.6
41.2
52.7
67.0

R32
mass %
0.0
18.4
24.3
30.1
32.1
33.0

GWP
—
1
125
165
204
217
228

COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.3
109.9
111.7
113.5
114.8
115.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 149

Comparative

Comparative

Example 12
Comparative
Example 3
Example 4
Example 14

Item
Unit
E
Example 13
T
S
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
53.4
43.4
34.8
25.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
46.6
47.1
51.0
56.2
74.1

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
25.9

GWP
—
1
65
97
125
176

COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
109.2
110.8
112.3
114.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 150

Comparative

Comparative

Example 15

Example 6

Example 16

Item
Unit
G
Example 5
R
Example 7
H

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.5
31.5
23.1
16.9
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
61.5
63.5
67.4
71.1
84.2

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
9.5
12.0
15.8

GWP
—
1
35
65
82
107

COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.0
109.1
110.9
111.9
113.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 151

Comparative

Comparative

Example 17
Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
Example 19

Item
Unit
I
J
K
Example 18
L

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
41.1
35.5

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
27.7
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
188
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
95.8
95.9
96.4
97.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
107.4
110.1
112.1
113.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 152

Compar-

ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-

Example 20
ple 10
ple 11
ple 12

Item
Unit
M
N
P
Q

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
31.8
28.6

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
49.8
34.4

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
250

COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.1
94.7
96.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
109.7
112.0
114.1

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

TABLE 153

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 22
Example 23
Example 24
Example 14
Example 15
Example 16
Example 25
Example 26

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

COP ratio
% (relative
91.7
92.2
92.9
93.7
94.6
95.6
96.7
97.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
109.8
109.2
108.4
107.4
106.1
104.7
103.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 154

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 28
Example 29
Example 17
Example 18
Example 19
Example 30
Example 31

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
90.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0

R32
mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
35
68
68
68
68
68
68
68

COP ratio
% (relative
98.8
92.4
92.9
93.5
94.3
95.1
96.1
97.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
101.4
111.7
111.3
110.6
109.6
108.5
107.2
105.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 155

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 20
Example 21
Example 22
Example 23
Example 24
Example 33
Example 34

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
10.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
68
102
102
102
102
102
102
102

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
93.1
93.6
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.5
97.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
104.1
112.9
112.4
111.6
110.6
109.4
108.1
106.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 156

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
102
136
136
136
136
136
136
136

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
93.9
94.3
94.8
95.4
96.2
97.0
97.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.0
113.8
113.2
112.4
111.4
110.2
108.8
107.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 157

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0

R32
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

GWP
—
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
203

COP ratio
% (relative
94.6
94.9
95.4
96.0
96.7
97.4
98.2
95.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.4
113.8
113.0
111.9
110.7
109.4
107.9
114.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 158

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 55
Example 25
Example 26
Example 56

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0

R32
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
203
203
203
203
203
237
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
96.0
96.6
97.2
97.9
96.0
96.3
96.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.2
113.4
112.4
111.2
109.8
115.1
114.5
113.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 159

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62
Example 63
Example 64

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
25.0
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
271
271
271
271
271

COP ratio
% (relative
97.1
97.7
98.3
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
112.6
111.5
110.2
115.1
114.6
113.8
112.8
111.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 160

Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 28
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0

R32
mass %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
14
14
14
14
28
28
28
28

COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
107.5
107.3
107.2
108.6
108.4
108.2
108.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 161

Item
Unit
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
27.0

HFO-1123
mass %
53.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
65.0

R32
mass %
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0

GWP
—
28
41
41
41
41
41
41
55

COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
93.1
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.9
93.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.8
109.5
109.3
109.1
109.0
108.8
108.6
110.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 162

Item
Unit
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
32.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
51.0
50.0

R32
mass %
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
17.0
18.0

GWP
—
55
55
55
55
55
55
116
122

COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.6
93.8
94.0
94.5
94.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
110.0
109.8
109.6
109.5
109.3
111.8
111.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 163

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
27.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
13.0

HFO-1123
mass %
52.0
42.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
54.0
52.0

R32
mass %
18.0
31.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
122
210
223
223
223
223
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.0
96.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
112.1
113.7
114.3
114.2
114.0
113.8
115.0
114.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 164

Item
Unit
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
52.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
237
237
237
237
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.5
96.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
114.1
113.9
115.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 165

Item
Unit
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
13.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0

R32
mass %
37.0
37.0
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
250
250
250
237
237
237
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
115.0
114.9
114.7
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 166

Item
Unit
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81
Example 82

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
27.0
11.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R32
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
250
250
250
250
250
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.5
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.6
96.7
96.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.1
113.9
115.1
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.1
114.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D(52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).

The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and
point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z²−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).

The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and
point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).

The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 16 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 17 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus that air-conditions a space to be air-conditioned by performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.

The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor unit 20, an indoor unit 30, a liquid-side connection pipe 6 and a gas-side connection pipe 5 connecting the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit 30, a remote control unit (not shown) serving as an input device and an output device, and a controller 7 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 1. The design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.5 MPa (for the one having a diameter of ⅜ inches) and lower than or equal to 5.0 MPa (for the one having a diameter of 4/8 inches).

In the air conditioner 1, the refrigeration cycle in which refrigerant sealed in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed, cooled or condensed, decompressed, heated or evaporated, and then compressed again is performed. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E may be used. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20

The outdoor unit 20 has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped box shape from its appearance, and has a structure in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure) when the inside is divided by a partition plate, or the like.

The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The outdoor unit 20 mainly includes a compressor 21, a four-way valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side stop valve 29, and a gas-side stop valve 28.

The outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure (gauge pressure) that is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5). The design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure refrigerant into high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. Here, the compressor 21 is a hermetically sealed compressor in which a positive-displacement, such as a rotary type and a scroll type, compression element (not shown) is driven for rotation by a compressor motor. The compressor motor is used to change the displacement. The operation frequency of the compressor motor is controllable with an inverter. The compressor 21 is provided with an attached accumulator (not shown) at its suction side. The outdoor unit 20 of the present embodiment does not have a refrigerant container larger than the attached accumulator (a low-pressure receiver disposed at the suction side of the compressor 21, a high-pressure receiver disposed at a liquid side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, or the like).

The four-way valve 22 is able to switch between a cooling operation connection state and a heating operation connection state by switching the status of connection. In the cooling operation connection state, a discharge side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected. In the heating operation connection state, the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.

The outdoor fan 25 takes outdoor air into the outdoor unit 20, causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. The outdoor fan 25 is driven for rotation by an outdoor fan motor. In the present embodiment, only one outdoor fan 25 is provided.

The outdoor expansion valve 24 is able to control the valve opening degree, and is provided between a liquid-side end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.

The liquid-side stop valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at a connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6.

The gas-side stop valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5.

The outdoor unit 20 includes an outdoor unit control unit 27 that controls the operations of parts that make up the outdoor unit 20. The outdoor unit control unit 27 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The outdoor unit control unit 27 is connected to an indoor unit control unit 34 of indoor unit 30 via a communication line, and sends or receives control signals, or the like, to or from the indoor unit control unit 34. The outdoor unit control unit 27 is electrically connected to various sensors (not shown), and receives signals from the sensors.

In the outdoor unit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including this unit), an upper limit of a controlled pressure (gauge pressure) of refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5).

(6-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 is placed on a wall surface, or the like, in a room that is the space to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The design pressure of the indoor unit 30, as well as the outdoor unit 20, may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31, an indoor fan 32, and the like.

A liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and a gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 31 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.

The indoor fan 32 takes indoor air into the indoor unit 30, causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. The indoor fan 32 is driven for rotation by an indoor fan motor (not shown).

The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor unit control unit 34 that controls the operations of the parts that make up the indoor unit 30. The indoor unit control unit 34 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The indoor unit control unit 34 is connected to the outdoor unit control unit 27 via a communication line, and sends or receives control signals, or the like, to or from the outdoor unit control unit 27.

The indoor unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to various sensors (not shown) provided inside the indoor unit 30, and receives signals from the sensors.

(6-3) Details of Controller 7

In the air conditioner 1, the outdoor unit control unit 27 and the indoor unit control unit 34 are connected via the communication line to make up the controller 7 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 1.

The controller 7 mainly includes a CPU (central processing unit) and a memory such as a ROM and a RAM. Various processes and controls made by the controller 7 are implemented by various parts included in the outdoor unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor unit control unit 34 functioning together.

(6-4) Operation Mode

Hereinafter, operation modes will be described.

The operation modes include a cooling operation mode and a heating operation mode.

The controller 7 determines whether the operation mode is the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode and performs the selected operation mode based on an instruction received from the remote control unit, or the like.

(6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode

In the air conditioner 1, in the cooling operation mode, the status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the cooling operation connection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger 31.

More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.

In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a cooling load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes through the four-way valve 22 and flows into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Gas refrigerant having flowed into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with outdoor-side air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to condense into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing through the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of sub cooling of refrigerant that passes through a liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition.

Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 passes through the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and flows into the indoor unit 30.

Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32 to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Gas refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to the gas-side connection pipe 5.

Refrigerant having flowed through the gas-side connection pipe 5 passes through the gas-side stop valve 28 and the four-way valve 22, and is taken into the compressor 21 again.

(6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode

In the air conditioner 1, in the heating operation mode, the status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the heating operation connection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

More specifically, when the heating operation mode is started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.

In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a heating load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Here, for example, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that the maximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-side connection pipe 5. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows through the four-way valve 22 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and then flows into the indoor unit 30.

Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32 to condense into refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state or liquid refrigerant, and flows out from the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows into the liquid-side connection pipe 6.

Refrigerant having flowed through the liquid-side connection pipe 6 is decompressed to a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle in the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through a liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed in from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with outdoor air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 passes through the four-way valve 22 and is taken into the compressor 21 again.

(6-5) Characteristics of First Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1 uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the design pressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants A to E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(6-6) Modification A of First Embodiment

In the above-described first embodiment, the air conditioner including only one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the air conditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(6-7) Modification B of First Embodiment

In the above-described first embodiment, the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 is described as an example.

In contrast to this, for example, even when the outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure higher than or equal to 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 but the outdoor unit 20 includes the outdoor unit control unit 27 that is configured to be able to select the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant from among multiple types and that is able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, the outdoor unit 20 can be used in the air conditioner 1 of the above-described embodiment.

(7) Second Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1a that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus including the outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 18 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 19 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1a of the second embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.

In the air conditioner 1a as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant mixture that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a of the second embodiment, a first outdoor fan 25a and a second outdoor fan 25b are provided as the outdoor fans 25. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a has a wide heat exchange area so as to adapt to air flow coming from the first outdoor fan 25a and the second outdoor fan 25b. The outdoor unit 20, as in the case of the above-described first embodiment, has a design pressure (gauge pressure) that is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5). The design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a, instead of the outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 in the above-described first embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve 44, an intermediate pressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve 45 are sequentially provided between the liquid side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29. The first outdoor expansion valve 44 and the second outdoor expansion valve 45 each are able to control the valve opening degree. The intermediate pressure receiver 41 is a container that is able to store refrigerant. Both an end portion of a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve 44 side and an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoor expansion valve 45 side are located in the internal space of the intermediate pressure receiver 41. The internal volume of the intermediate pressure receiver 41 is greater than the internal volume of the attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferably greater than or equal to twice.

The outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has a structure in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure) when divided by a partition plate, or the like, extending vertically.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes, for example, a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed in an L-shape in plan view.

For the outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment as well, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including this unit), the upper limit of the controlled pressure (gauge pressure) of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5).

In the above air conditioner 1a, in the cooling operation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, for example, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that the maximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-side connection pipe 5.

(7-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment is placed so as to be suspended in an upper space in a room that is a space to be air-conditioned or placed at a ceiling surface or placed on a wall surface and used. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The design pressure of the indoor unit 30, as well as the outdoor unit 20, may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The indoor unit 30 includes the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and the like.

The indoor heat exchanger 31 of the second embodiment includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.

(7-3) Characteristics of Second Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1a according to the second embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1a uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the design pressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants A to E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(7-4) Modification A of Second Embodiment

In the above-described second embodiment, the air conditioner including only one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the air conditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(7-5) Modification B of Second Embodiment

In the above-described second embodiment, the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 is described as an example.

(8) Third Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1b that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus including the outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 20 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 21 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1b of the third embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.

In the air conditioner 1b as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1b of the third embodiment, a low-pressure receiver 26, a subcooling heat exchanger 47, and a subcooling circuit 46 are provided in the outdoor unit 20 in the above-described first embodiment. Preferably, the outdoor unit 20, as in the case of the above-described first embodiment, has a design pressure (gauge pressure) that is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5) and that is lower than the design pressure of each of branch pipes 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b (described later) in the air conditioner 1b of the present embodiment, including a plurality of indoor units 30, 35. The design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container that is provided between one of connection ports of the four-way valve 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21 and that is able to store refrigerant. In the present embodiment, the low-pressure receiver 26 is provided separately from the attached accumulator of the compressor 21. The internal volume of the low-pressure receiver 26 is greater than the internal volume of the attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferably greater than or equal to twice.

The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is provided between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.

The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off from a main circuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the subcooling heat exchanger 47 and that merges with a portion halfway from one of the connection ports of the four-way valve 22 to the low-pressure receiver 26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 that decompresses refrigerant passing therethrough is provided halfway in the subcooling circuit 46. Refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed by the subcooling expansion valve 48 exchanges heat with refrigerant flowing through the main circuit side in the subcooling heat exchanger 47. Thus, refrigerant flowing through the main circuit side is further cooled, and refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 evaporates.

The outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1b according to the third embodiment may have, for example, a so-called up-blow structure that takes in air from the lower side and discharges air outward from the upper side.

Preferably, for the outdoor unit 20 of the third embodiment as well, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including this unit), the upper limit of the controlled pressure (gauge pressure) of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5) and is set so as to be lower than the design pressure of each of the branch pipes 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b (described later) in the air conditioner 1b of the present embodiment, including the plurality of indoor units 30, 35.

(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35

In the air conditioner 1b according to the third embodiment, instead of the indoor unit 30 in the above-described first embodiment, a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 are provided in parallel with each other. The design pressures of the first indoor unit 30 and second indoor unit 35, as well as the outdoor unit 20, each may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The first indoor unit 30, as well as the indoor unit 30 in the above-described first embodiment, includes a first indoor heat exchanger 31, a first indoor fan 32, and a first indoor unit control unit 34, and further includes a first indoor expansion valve 33 at the liquid side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31. The first indoor expansion valve 33 is able to control the valve opening degree. The liquid side of the first indoor unit 30 is connected to the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a that branches and extends from an indoor unit-side end portion of the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and the gas side of the first indoor unit 30 is connected to the first gas-side branch pipe 5a that branches and extends from an indoor unit-side end portion of the gas-side connection pipe 5.

The second indoor unit 35, as well as the first indoor unit 30, includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan 37, a second indoor unit control unit 39, and a second indoor expansion valve 38 provided at the liquid side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36. The second indoor expansion valve 38 is able to control the valve opening degree. The liquid side of the second indoor unit 35 is connected to the second liquid-side branch pipe 6b that branches and extends from the indoor unit-side end portion of the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and the gas side of the second indoor unit 35 is connected to the second gas-side branch pipe 5b that branches and extends from the indoor unit-side end portion of the gas-side connection pipe 5.

The design pressures of the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a, second liquid-side branch pipe 6b, first gas-side branch pipe 5a, and second gas-side branch pipe 5b each may be set to, for example, 4.5 MPa.

The specific structures of the first indoor unit 30 and second indoor unit 35 of the air conditioner 1b according to the third embodiment each have a similar configuration to the indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment except the above-described first indoor expansion valve 33 and second indoor expansion valve 38.

The controller 7 of the third embodiment is made up of the outdoor unit control unit 27, the first indoor unit control unit 34, and the second indoor unit control unit 39 communicably connected to one another.

In the above air conditioner 1b, in the cooling operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion valve 38 are controlled to a fully open state.

In the heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. Similarly, the second indoor expansion valve 38 is also controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, for example, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that the maximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-side connection pipe 5. Preferably, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that the maximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lower than the design pressure of each of the first gas-side branch pipe 5a and the second gas-side branch pipe 5b.

(8-3) Characteristics of Third Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1b according to the third embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1b uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the design pressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1b, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants A to E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(8-4) Modification A of Third Embodiment

In the above-described third embodiment, the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 is described as an example.

(9) Fourth Embodiment

In the above-described first to third embodiments and their modifications, the new outdoor unit 20 and air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b in which any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E is used are described as examples.

In contrast to this, an air conditioner according to a fourth embodiment, as will be described below, is an air conditioner modified from an air conditioner in which another refrigerant is used by replacing the refrigerant to be used with any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E while the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 are reused.

(9-1) Modified Air Conditioner from R22

The air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b in the above-described first to third embodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b having used R22 and modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in which refrigerant R22 (refrigerant having a lower design pressure than any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is determined based on the outer diameter and thickness of pipes and the material of copper pipes from which the pipes are made. Of copper pipes that are generally used for such the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, a combination of the outer diameter, thickness, and material of the pipe, of which the design pressure is the lowest, is a combination of ϕ19.05, 1.0 mm in thickness, and O-material from Copper Pipes for General Refrigerant Piping (JIS B 8607), and the design pressure is 3.72 MPa (gauge pressure).

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (the amount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts the amount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequency of the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-side connection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (old machine) in which refrigerant R22 has been used can be reused when the air conditioners (new machines) 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, in that case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of an outdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R22 has been used, and is specifically higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in which R22 has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a design pressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant, which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R22 has been used or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R22 has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is 3.0 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure equivalent to 3.0 MPa or a further higher design pressure (the one that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used for any one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to 3.0 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 is connected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6b, the first gas-side branch pipe 5a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5b as described in the third embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes when R22 is used as a refrigerant is set to 3.4 MPa that is further lower than 3.7 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1b that includes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be used is replaced from R22 to any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipes not to exceed 3.4 MPa.

(9-2) Modified Air Conditioner from R407C

The air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b in the above-described first to third embodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b having used R407C and modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in which refrigerant R407C (refrigerant having a lower design pressure than any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is similar to the case where R22 has been used, and the design pressure of pipes having the lowest design pressure for the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 is 3.72 MPa (gauge pressure).

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, as in the case of the modification from R22, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (the amount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts the amount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequency of the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-side connection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (old machine) in which refrigerant R407C has been used can be reused when the air conditioners (new machines) 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, in that case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of an outdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R407C has been used, and is specifically higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in which R407C has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a design pressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant, which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R407C has been used or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R407C has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is 3.0 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure equivalent to 3.0 MPa or a further higher design pressure (the one that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used for any one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to 3.0 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 is connected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6b, the first gas-side branch pipe 5a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5b as described in the third embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes when R407C is used as a refrigerant is set to 3.4 MPa, as in the case of R22, that is further lower than 3.7 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1b that includes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be used is replaced from R407C to any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipes not to exceed 3.4 MPa.

(9-3) Modified Air Conditioner from R410A

The air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b in the above-described first to third embodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b having used R410A and modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in which refrigerant R410A (refrigerant having a design pressure substantially equivalent to that of any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is set to 4.3 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches and 4.8 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches.

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (the amount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches are used or is lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches are used. Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches are used or so as to be lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches are used. Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts the amount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequency of the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-side connection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (old machine) in which refrigerant R410A has been used can be reused when the air conditioners (new machines) 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, in that case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of an outdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R410A has been used, and is specifically higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in which R410A has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a design pressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant, which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R410A has been used or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R410A has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is 4.2 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure equivalent to 4.2 MPa or a further higher design pressure (the one that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.2 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used for any one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to 4.2 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 is connected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6b, the first gas-side branch pipe 5a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5b as described in the third embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes when R410A is used as a refrigerant is set to 4.2 MPa that is further lower than 4.8 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1b that includes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be used is replaced from R410A to any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipes not to exceed 4.2 MPa.

(9-4) Modified Air Conditioner from R32

The air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b in the above-described first to third embodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b having used R32 and modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in which refrigerant R32 (refrigerant having a design pressure substantially equivalent to that of any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is set to 4.3 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches and 4.8 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches.

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (the amount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches are used or is lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches are used. Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lower than or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ⅜ inches are used or so as to be lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches are used. Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts the amount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequency of the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-side connection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (old machine) in which refrigerant R32 has been used can be reused when the air conditioners (new machines) 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, in that case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1a, 1b modified so as to use any one of the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of an outdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R32 has been used, and is specifically higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in which R32 has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a design pressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant, which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R32 has been used or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case where the design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in which R32 has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is 4.2 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure equivalent to 4.2 MPa or a further higher design pressure (the one that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.2 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used for any one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to 4.2 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 is connected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6b, the first gas-side branch pipe 5a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5b as described in the third embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes when R32 is used as a refrigerant is set to 4.2 MPa that is further lower than 4.8 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1, 1a, 1b that includes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be used is replaced from R32 to any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipes not to exceed 4.2 MPa.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above; however, it is understood that various modifications of modes and details are applicable without departing from the purport or scope of the present disclosure recited in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1, 1a, 1b air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus)

5 gas-side connection pipe (connection pipe)

6 liquid-side connection pipe (connection pipe)

7 controller (control device)

10 refrigerant circuit

20 outdoor unit (heat source unit)

21 compressor

27 outdoor unit control unit (control device)

23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat source-side heat exchanger)

30 indoor unit, first indoor unit (service unit)

31 indoor heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger)

35 second indoor unit (service unit)

36 second indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger)

CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1 International Publication No. 2015/141678

Number	Date	Country	Kind
2017-242183	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242185	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242186	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242187	Dec 2017	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/037483	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038746	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038747	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038748	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038749	Oct 2018	JP	national

HEAT SOURCE UNIT AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

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