Patent Application
20210172045
The present invention relates to a heat-treatment tray member and a heat-treatment stacked structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a heat-treatment tray member that, even when repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace with parts placed thereon in order to heat-treat the parts, suppresses the occurrence of deforming and cracking, allowing use for an extended period of time, and a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking the same.
Carburizing treatment is known as a surface hardening treatment for metal parts. Carburizing treatment is a treatment in which carbon monoxide (CO) gas generated from a carburizing agent and a steel material are brought into contact at a high temperature, thereby introducing and diffusing the carbon into the metal parts to form a surface layer (carburized layer). In particular, for metal parts composed of a low carbon steel or the like having a low carbon content, only the surface layer hardens when quenching and tempering are performed after the carburizing treatment. As a result, the obtained metal product is constituted by a surface layer having wear resistance and a core rich in toughness.
In a carburizing treatment, members (carburizing furnace members) such as trays and grids for placing metal parts, which are materials to be treated, are used. The carburizing furnace members are exposed to a carburizing gas in the carburizing furnace at 800 to 1000° C. for an extended period of time. Further, the carburizing furnace members are repeatedly used, and thus are repeatedly exposed to the carburizing gas at high temperatures. Furthermore, the carburizing furnace is, in general, repeatedly heated and cooled, and thus the carburizing furnace members are placed in extremely severe temperature environments.
Therefore, an austenitic stainless steel or a heat-resistant cast steel excellent in high-temperature strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance is generally used for the carburizing furnace members. However, even if constituted by these steel materials, the carburizing furnace members tend to crack, deform, and the like due to repeated carburizing treatments and have short service lives. For example,
The cracking, deforming, and the like of the carburizing furnace members mainly occur due to two causes. The first cause is that the carburizing treatment is repeatedly performed, thickly forming a hard and brittle carburized layer containing chromium carbide or cementite on the steel material constituting the carburizing furnace members. A carburizing furnace member with a thick carburized layer formed is likely to deform or crack due to expansion and contraction stresses associated with heating and cooling. A deformed or cracked carburizing furnace member may eventually break and become unusable.
The second cause is that the carburizing treatment is further repeatedly performed, growing the chromium carbide or the cementite over the entire carburized layer formed thickly on the carburizing furnace members, and expanding a volume of the carburized layer. The overall shape of each of the carburizing furnace members is greatly deformed due to the expansion of the volume of the carburized layer. Then, a largely deformed carburizing furnace member becomes difficult to use and, if an attempt is made to remedy the deforming, the carburized layer, being fragile, may break.
In response to such problems, it has been conventionally proposed to manufacture the carburizing furnace tray member using an alloy having improved heat resistance and carburization resistance. For example, in Patent Document 1, there is proposed a heat-resistant alloy having excellent high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance, and having excellent carburization resistance and coking resistance even in a pyrolysis environment in which carburizing and oxidation are repeated. In Patent Document 2, there is proposed a calorizing treatment for the purpose of providing a member or jig that can be stably used for an extended period of time in a gas carburizing furnace under a severe thermal shock environment. This calorizing treatment improves the carburization resistance of the member or the jig subjected to the calorizing treatment, is stable with almost no carburizing even when used for an extended period of time in a gas carburizing furnace in a severe environment, and thus can significantly extend the service life of the member or the jig. Further, this applicant, in Patent Document 3, has proposed a technique capable of imparting excellent carburization resistance at low cost to an iron alloy base material constituting a carburizing furnace member (a member such as a tray or a grid) used in a carburizing furnace.
In Patent Document 4, there is proposed use of a C/C composite, which is a carbon-based composite material, instead of stainless steel or a heat-resistant cast steel as the material of a jig for heat treatment used in a carburizing or a carbonitriding treatment, or the like. It is said that, with such material changes, the jig for heat treatment is not affected by the carburizing or the nitriding, has excellent high-temperature strength, has excellent durability to withstand thermal shock during rapid heating and quenching, and does not thermally deform, making it possible to decrease a heat capacity thereof on the basis of weight saving. In Patent Document 5, it is said that the tray on which the parts to be treated are placed is formed of a carbon-based composite material (C/C composite), thereby preventing carburizing of the tray and extending the service life thereof. Furthermore, it is said that a spacer plate made of a carburizing-retardant material is interposed between the tray formed of the carbon-based composite material and the parts to be treated, and thus the carbon component contained in the carbon-based composite material does not adversely affect the parts to be treated.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. H05-033092
Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. H10-168555
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 5469274
Patent Document 4: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2001-123219
Patent Document 5: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2004-107705
Nevertheless, the techniques of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 use a high-cost nickel-based heat-resistant alloy, or apply a calorizing treatment using a special treating agent, a container, and the like, significantly increasing the manufacturing cost of the carburizing furnace tray member. The technique of Patent Document 3 is a treatment method capable of imparting excellent carburization resistance to the carburizing furnace tray member at low cost, but requires the ability to use the tray member for an extended period of time and requires further added value and cost reduction.
It is said that, in the technique of Patent Document 4, a jig for heat treatment such as a tray is fabricated using a C/C composite, thereby making it possible to improve durability and realize a prolonged service life. However, the technique only requires the placement of many parts to be heat-treated on the tray to efficiently carry out heat treatment, and there is no mention of quality in relation to a carburization. In Patent Document 5, it is said that the spacer plate made of a carburizing-retardant material is interposed between the tray formed of the carbon-based composite material and the parts to be treated, thereby keeping the carbon component contained in the carbon-based composite material from adversely affecting the parts to be treated. However, because the heat-treated parts are randomly placed on the spacer plate constituted by a carburizing-retardant material, the heat-treated parts may come into contact with each other and carburizing may be insufficient at contacting portions thereof.
Particularly in recent years, along with the demand for prolonging the service life of jigs for heat treatment, there has been a demand for heat-treating a large number of parts to be heat-treated at once, even if the shapes are complex. This makes it necessary to precisely machine part receivers having a complex shape, such as illustrated in
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a heat-treatment tray member that, even when repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace with parts placed thereon to heat-treat the parts, suppresses the occurrence of deforming and cracking, allowing use for an extended period of time, and further enables uniform and sufficient carburizing treatment of the parts to be heat-treated, and a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking the heat-treatment tray members.
(1) A heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention is a member repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated, comprising a tray, and a plurality of part receivers detachably mounted onto the tray. The tray includes a base part provided with a plurality of mounting parts capable of mounting the plurality of part receivers in predetermined positions, the base part is constituted by a carbon composite material, and the plurality of part receivers are constituted by a steel material or a nickel alloy material.
According to this invention, (a) the tray is a member separate from and not a structure integral with the part receivers as in the conventional technique, making it possible to simplify the structure of the base part, achieve a reduction in man-hours compared to the conventional technique, and decrease manufacturing costs. (b) The base part constituting the tray, which is a member separate from the part receivers, is fabricated using a carbon composite material that has heat resistance and does not readily thermally deform, and thus, even when the tray is repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time. (c) The part receivers, which are members separate from the tray, can be detachably mounted onto the plurality of mounting parts of the tray, and thus, even if complex in shape or not insusceptible to deforming over an extended period of time due to heat treatment, can be immediately replaced with other spare parts. In particular, when the part receivers serving as separate members are preferably fabricated by a lost wax process, it is possible to obtain high accuracy at low cost and, even if the shapes are complex, heat-treat a large number of parts to be heat-treated in one type or many types at once.
(2) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, each of the plurality of mounting parts has a frame structure constituted by a frame and a space surrounded by the frame, and the frame structure is selected from a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrangle, a honeycomb shape, and shapes similar thereto. According to this invention, the mounting parts for mounting the part receivers have a simple frame structure, making it possible to easily mount the part receivers. As a result, the part receivers can be mounted onto the base part, which has heat resistance and does not readily thermally deform, and the parts to be heat-treated can be heat-treated without concern regarding deforming and cracking of a tray as in the conventional technique.
(3) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the base part is provided with a corner support column at each corner thereof, and the corner support column is constituted by a carbon composite material. According to this invention, when a plurality of trays are used upon layering, the structure of the trays can be simplified by the base part and the corner support columns. Further, the corner support column, similar to the base part, is also fabricated using a carbon composite material that has heat resistance and does not readily thermally deform, and thus, even when a plurality of the trays used upon layering are repeatedly loaded into the heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time.
(4) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the base part is provided with one or two or more center support columns at or near a center thereof, and the one or two or more center support columns are constituted by a carbon composite material. According to this invention, one or two or more center support columns are provided, making it possible to more stably support the trays when a plurality of the trays are used upon layering. Further, the center support column, similar to the base part, is also fabricated using a carbon composite material that has heat resistance and does not readily thermally deform, and thus, even when a plurality of the trays used upon layering are repeatedly loaded into the heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time.
(5) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the base part is provided with a corner support column at each corner thereof, and the corner support column is constituted by a steel material or a nickel alloy material. According to this invention, when a plurality of the trays are used upon layering, the structure of the trays can be simplified by the base part and the corner support columns. Further, the corner support column, while fabricated using a steel material or a nickel alloy material, has a straight rod-like simple shape, and thus does not readily buckle and, even when a plurality of the trays used upon layering are repeatedly loaded into the heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, although not to the same extent as in a carbon composite material, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time.
(6) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the base part is provided with one or two or more center support columns at or near a center thereof, and the one or two or more center support columns are constituted by a steel material or a nickel alloy material. According to this invention, one or two or more center support columns are provided, making it possible to more stably support the trays when a plurality of the trays are used upon layering. Further, the center support column, similar to the corner support column, while fabricated using a steel material or a nickel alloy material, has a straight rod-like simple shape, and thus does not readily buckle and, even when a plurality of the trays used upon layering are repeatedly loaded into the heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, although not to the same extent as in a carbon composite material, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time.
(7) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, when a plurality of the trays are to be stacked, one of the following is selected: (a) the corner support columns and the one or two or more center support columns each include, at a lower portion thereof, a lower engaging part that engages with an upper portion of another support column and couples to the base part via a coupling member, and, at an upper portion thereof, an upper engaging part that engages with a lower portion of another support column and couples to another tray to be stacked in an upper stage via another coupling member, (b) the corner support columns and the one or two or more center support columns each include, at a lower portion thereof, a lower engaging part that engages with an upper portion of another support column and couples to the base part via a coupling member, and, at an upper portion thereof, an upper engaging part that directly engages with a lower portion of another support column and couples to another tray to be stacked in an upper stage without a coupling member, (c) the corner support columns and the one or two or more center support columns each include, at a lower portion thereof, a lower engaging part that directly engages with an upper portion of another support column and couples to the base part without a coupling member, and, at an upper portion thereof, an upper engaging part that engages with a lower portion of another support column and couples to another tray to be stacked in an upper stage via another coupling member, and (d) the corner support columns and the one or two or more center support columns each include, at a lower portion thereof, a lower engaging part that directly engages with an upper portion of another support column and couples to the base part without a coupling member, and, at an upper portion thereof, an upper engaging part that directly engages with a lower portion of another support column and couples to another tray to be stacked in an upper stage without a coupling member.
It should be noted that, in the present application, when not differentiated, the corner support column and the center support column are simply referred to as “support column.” According to this invention, it is possible to couple the support columns (corner support columns and center support columns) to the base part via a coupling member or directly without a coupling member, and to another tray as well. It should be noted that the support columns (corner support columns and center support columns) are coupled to the corners of the base part or to support column attaching holes provided at or near a center of the base part.
(8) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the corner support columns and the one or two or more center support columns each include an upper engaging part that engages with an engaging part of a lower portion of another support column in an upper stage and couples to another tray in an upper stage, and a lower engaging part that engages with an engaging part of an upper portion of another support column in a lower stage and couples to another tray in a lower stage, and the upper engaging part is formed with a shoulder part that places and engages with another tray in an upper stage.
(9) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the coupling member includes an upper engaging part that engages with an engaging part of a support column lower portion and couples the support column and the tray, and a lower engaging part that engages with an engaging part of another support column upper portion in a lower stage and couples the support column and another tray in a lower stage.
(10) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, when a plurality of the trays are to be stacked, a lower engaging part that couples the base part and a lower portion of the support column in a first stage is coupled by the coupling member described in (9) above, and an engaging part that couples to another tray to be stacked in a second stage is coupled by the upper engaging part of a support column in the first stage and the lower engaging part of a support column in the second stage described in (8) above. Another tray to be stacked in a third or subsequent stage has a structure similar to that in the second stage.
(11) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, each of the plurality of part receivers includes a pedestal that detachably comes into contact with the tray, a locking part that is provided to the pedestal and holds the pedestal on the tray, and a part receiving section that extends above the pedestal or a part receiving section that is located on the pedestal. According to this invention, an engaging part is provided to a pedestal that comes into contact with the tray, making it possible to hold the detachable part receivers on the respective mounting parts of the tray. As a result, even when the part receivers can be prepared as spares and parts to be heat-treated having other shapes are to be simultaneously heat-treated, a plurality of types of the part receivers to be mounted onto the tray can be simultaneously mounted.
(12) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the part receiving section includes a frame-shaped receiving section and a support column part.
(13) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, when a plurality of the trays are to be stacked, each of the plurality of part receivers includes an upper engaging part that engages with a lower engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in an upper stage and couples the part receiver and the tray in the upper stage, and a lower engaging part that engages with an upper engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in a lower stage and couples the part receiver and the tray in the lower stage, and the upper engaging part includes a shoulder part that places and supports the other tray in the upper stage. According to this invention, such a part receiver is adopted, making it possible to stack a plurality of the heat-treatment tray members without use of a coupling member.
(14) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, when a plurality of the trays are to be stacked, each of the plurality of part receivers is selected from the following: (a) a part receiver that includes, in an upper portion thereof, a shoulder part that places and holds a tray in an upper stage without engaging with a lower engaging part of another part receiver provided to the tray in the upper stage, and, in a lower portion thereof, a hole part that may or may not engage with an upper portion of another part receiver provided to a tray in a lower stage, (b) a part receiver that includes, in an upper portion thereof, a projection that engages with a lower engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in an upper stage and, in a lower portion thereof, a hole part that engages with a projection of another part receiver provided to a tray in a lower stage, (c) a part receiver that includes a shoulder part that only places and holds a tray in an upper stage without engaging with a lower engaging part of another part receiver provided to the tray in the upper stage, and a locking part that locks an upper engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in a lower stage, and (d) a part receiver that includes only an upper engaging part that engages with a lower engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in an upper stage and does not include a locking part that locks an upper engaging part of another part receiver provided to a tray in a lower stage. According to this invention, by using any of these (a) to (d) in combination, it is possible to stack a plurality of the heat-treatment tray members without use of a coupling member.
(15) In the heat-treatment tray member according to the present invention, the plurality of part receivers are fabricated by a lost wax process. According to this invention, the part receivers, which are members separate from the tray, can be detachably mounted onto the tray, and thus, even if complex in shape or not insusceptible to deforming over an extended period of time due to heat treatment, can be immediately replaced with other spare parts. In particular, the part receivers being separate members and fabricated by the lost wax process are high in accuracy and low in cost and, even if the shapes are complex, a large number of parts to be heat-treated in one type or many types can be heat-treated at once.
(16) A heat-treatment stacked structure according to the present invention is a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking a plurality of heat-treatment tray members and repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. The heat-treatment tray member in a first stage is a base member constituted by a steel material or a nickel alloy material, and the heat-treatment tray member in a second or subsequent stage is the heat-treatment tray member described in any one of (11) to (15) above.
(17) A heat-treatment stacked structure according to the present invention is a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking a plurality of heat-treatment tray members and repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. The heat-treatment tray member in a first stage includes a base part, a corner support column, a center support column, and a plurality of part receivers, the corner support column and the center support column being integrally constituted with the base part by a steel material or a nickel alloy material, and the part receivers being detachably mounted onto the base part, and the heat-treatment tray member in a second or subsequent stage is the heat-treatment tray member described in any one of (11) to (15) above.
(18) A heat-treatment stacked structure according to the present invention is a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking a plurality of heat-treatment tray members and repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. The heat-treatment tray member in a first stage includes a base part, a corner support column, a center support column, and a part receiver, the corner support column and the center support column being integrally constituted with the base part and the part receiver by a steel material or a nickel alloy material, and the heat-treatment tray member in a second or subsequent stage is the heat-treatment tray member described in any one of (11) to (15) above.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heat-treatment tray member that, even when repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace with parts placed thereon to heat-treat the parts, suppresses the occurrence of deforming and cracking, allowing use for an extended period of time, and further enables sufficient and uniform carburizing treatment of the parts to be heat-treated.
Hereinafter, a heat-treatment tray member and a heat-treatment stacked structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
A heat-treatment tray member 10 in a first embodiment, as illustrated in
In this heat-treatment tray member 10, (a) the tray 1 is a member separate from and not a structure integral with the part receivers 2 as in the conventional example illustrated in
Hereinafter, each of the components will be described.
The tray 1, as illustrated in
The corner support column 12 and the center support column 17 provided to the tray 1 may be formed of a steel material or a Ni alloy material. A steel material or a Ni alloy material is inferior in heat resistance and thermal deformation compared to a carbon composite material, but is less expensive than a carbon composite material, and therefore the columns may be replaced when use is no longer possible due to thermal deforming or the like. It should be noted that, in addition to the corner support column 12 and the center support column 17, a side support column (not illustrated) may be provided to a periphery of the tray. Preferably, the side support column is also formed of a material similar to that of the corner support column 12 and the like.
The heat-treatment tray member 10 in the first embodiment will now be described using the tray 1 including the base part 11, the corner support column 12, and the center support column 17 as an example.
A carbon composite material, compared to a metal material, has high heat resistance and is less susceptible to thermal expansion and thermal deforming. With the base part 11, the corner support column 12, and the center support column 17 fabricated using a carbon composite material, even when the tray 1 is repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace for an extended period of time, deforming, cracking, and the like are less likely to occur, allowing repeated use for an extended period of time. Specifically, a carbon composite material has enough heat resistance for use even at about 2200° C. Therefore, unlike the carburizing treatment, the nitriding treatment, and the like of parts to be heat-treated, there is no adverse effect due to thermal deforming or the like due to heat treating temperatures of about 950° C. to approximately 1200° C. Pricewise, a carbon composite material is expensive compared to a steel material, and thus preferably the tray 1 (base part 11, corner support column 12, center support column 17) is fabricated using a carbon composite material after simplifying structures thereof to the extent possible. A tray fabricated using a carbon composite material can be used for an extended period of time. As a result, in terms of total cost, even if the tray is fabricated using an expensive carbon composite material, the cost can be significantly reduced.
As the carbon composite material, various materials can be used. A carbon material having high strength and high elasticity and reinforced with carbon fiber is preferable. In particular, preferable examples include a carbon matrix such as graphite in which carbon fibers are combined as reinforced fibers. As the carbon fibers, those having a long fiber length are preferable to those having a short fiber length, and those having a regular arrangement in vertical and horizontal directions are preferable to those randomly arranged in the matrix without directionality. With the carbon fibers combined in the matrix in this mode, the material can be preferably utilized as a carbon composite material having high tensile strength and high elasticity for the tray 1 (base part 11, corner support column 12, center support column 17) of the present invention. It should be noted that, while not particularly limited, a bending strength is approximately 140 to 160 MPa, a tensile strength is approximately 250 MPa, a bulk specific gravity is approximately 1.6 g/cm3, a compressive strength is approximately 90 MPa, a bending elastic modulus is approximately 60 GPa, and a tensile elastic modulus is approximately 80 GPa, for example. Further, a thermal expansion coefficient is approximately 0.2 to 0.4 (//)×10−6/K and approximately 5 to 9 (⊥)×10−6/K, and a thermal conductivity is approximately 27 (//) W/m·K and approximately 4 (⊥) W6/m·K, but are not limited thereto. When the tray 1 is constituted by the base part 11, the corner support column 12, and the center support column 17, these may be fabricated using the same carbon composite material or using different carbon composite materials. Whether the materials are the same or different can be selected as desired in consideration of ease of manufacture, material cost, strength required for each, and the like.
Specifically, as a commercially available carbon composite material, for example, the Sigrabond series by SGL Carbon Japan Co., Ltd., the CCM190 series by Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd., or the like can be obtained as desired, and selected as desired for use. Further, a material obtained by impregnating a carbon composite material with silicon (Si) can also be selected as desired for use. Furthermore, these carbon composite materials are marketed as bolts and nuts as well, and can be used and machined. It should be noted that, while the machining method of these carbon composite materials is not particularly limited, the materials can be machined into a predetermined structural shape by machining means such as general cutting, grinding, or water jet cutting.
The base part 11, as illustrated in
The base part 11 may be prepared by obtaining a base part with the mounting parts 13 molded therein, or by obtaining a plate and subsequently machining the mounting parts 13. A thickness of the base part 11 and a size and a shape of the mounting part 13 can be designed as desired according to a usage form, heat treating conditions, a structural form of the part receiver 2, and the like. Further, in the actual heat treatment process of parts, when various base parts 11 provided with the mounting parts 13 having different sizes and shapes are prepared and made into a series, the base parts 11 and the part receivers 2 are switched out, making it possible to heat-treat various parts to be heat-treated.
It should be noted that the corners 15 of the base part 11 are each provided with the support column attaching part (attaching hole) 16 for coupling the corner support column 12 to the base part 11. Further, as illustrated in
The corner support column 12, as illustrated in
The corner support column 12, similar to the above-described base part 11, is also formed of a carbon composite material. Therefore, a rigid structural form such as illustrated in the conventional example in
As illustrated in
The center support column 17 is provided at or near the center of the base part 11 in a quantity of one or two or more, as needed. By providing the center support column 17, it is possible to more stably support the layered trays 1. The center support column 17 used, similar to the corner support column 12 described above, is a carbon composite material having a round rod-shape or a square rod-shape, but may be a steel material or a Ni alloy material. The quantity and installation positions of the center support columns 17, while not particularly limited, may be a quantity and positions capable of stably supporting the layered trays 1, and may be two as illustrated in
Examples of the coupling means for stacking the trays 1 in multiple stages include a first coupling means in
As the coupling member 31, as illustrated in
Specifically, this coupling member 31 engages with the upper and lower support columns 3 and couples the two. With the upper and lower support columns 3 coupled, the base part 11 is interposed between the support columns 3 and a plurality of the trays 1 are stacked. The base part 11, as illustrated in
A structural form of the coupling member 31, while not particularly limited, can be designed as desired according to the usage form, the heat treating conditions, the structural form of the corner support column 12, and the like. For example, in the case of the coupling member 31 (coupling screw) having a screw shape, the screw pitch, the screw length, the head shape, and the like can be designed as desired in the same way as a general metal screw. From the standpoint of machining cost, relatively simple hexagon-head bolts and square-head bolts can be preferably adopted. Further, a member other than the coupling member 31 having a screw shape may be adopted. It should be noted that, as described above, when the coupling member 31 is a screw, the head shape may be such that the head part does not rotate and the engaging part 12d has a hole shape, and preferably, for example, is the same as the hole shape of the engaging part 12d (however, excluding a circular shape; a quadrangle, a hexagon, or the like). The coupling member 31 may be composed of a carbon composite material, or a steel material or a Ni alloy material.
Examples of the coupling means for stacking the trays 1 in multiple stages include the second coupling means in
In
Structural forms of the support column 3 and the coupling member 41 constituting the second coupling means, while not particularly limited, can be designed as desired according to the usage form, the heat treating conditions, the structural forms of the corner support column 12 and the center support column 17, and the like. For example, a clearance between the projection and the engaging hole is appropriately designed to prevent an increase in rattling. Further, the projection of the support column upper portion 53 may be designated as a male screw, and the engaging hole of the support column lower portion 54 may be designated as a female screw. As a screw structure, the screw pitch, the screw length, the head shape, and the like of these screws can be designed as desired in the same way as a general metal screw. The coupling member 41 may be composed of a carbon composite material, or a steel material or a Ni alloy material.
A third coupling means may have a configuration in which the lower portion of the support column 3 includes a lower engaging part that engages with the upper portion of another support column 3 via a coupling member (coupling screw, for example), and the upper portion of the support column 3 includes an upper engaging part (engaging projection) that directly engages with the engaging hole of the lower portion of another support column without a coupling member. Here, “via a coupling member” refers to a case where, similar to the first coupling means, a coupling screw is adopted, and “without a coupling member” refers to a case where, similar to the second coupling means, the support column 3 including the upper engaging part 51 (engaging projection) and the lower engaging part 52 (engaging hole) is adopted.
A fourth coupling means may have a configuration in which the lower portion of the support column 3 includes a lower engaging part (engaging hole) that directly engages with the engaging projection of the upper portion of another support column 3 without a coupling member, and the upper portion of the support column 3 includes an upper engaging part that engages with the lower portion of another support column 3 via another coupling member. Here, “without a coupling member” refers to a case where, similar to the second coupling means, the support column 3 including the upper engaging part 51 and the lower engaging part 52 is adopted, and “via a coupling member” refers to a case where, similar to the first coupling means, a coupling screw is adopted.
As described above, examples of the coupling means include the first to fourth coupling means. In these coupling means, when the coupling members 31, 41 to be coupled to the support column 3 in the first stage are made of a carbon composite material, preferably a sheet of a steel material or a Ni alloy material is arranged thereunder, or the coupling members 31, 41 are placed on a pan of a steel material or a Ni alloy material. Thus, it is possible to prevent wear of the coupling members 31, 41 that occurs during loading in and out of the heat treating furnace. Further, when a bottom surface of the base part 11 is in direct contact with a floor surface even if the coupling members 31, 41 in the first stage are engaged, it is possible to arrange a sheet or place the coupling members 31, 41 on a pan and prevent wear of the coupling members 31, 41 and the base part bottom surface that occurs during loading in and out of the heat treating furnace.
The part receiver 2, as illustrated in
The part receivers 2, as illustrated in
As the part receiver 2, a part receiver fabricated by a lost wax process described later is particularly preferable, and is excellent in terms of cost as well. The lost wax process makes it possible to carry out fabrication with high accuracy at low cost, even with a complex shape, and thus, for example, desirably the part receiver 2A or the like having a cylindrical shape illustrated in
On the other hand, when the dimensional accuracy of the placement surface 24a and the side surface 24b constituting the frame-shaped receiving section 24 is low and the gap between the part receiver and the part to be heat-treated is large, the parts to be heat-treated incline, rattle, and come into contact with the circular frame-shaped inner surface 26a and the support column part inner circumferential surface 25a due to inclination, vibration, and the like during transfer of the tray 1. Such contact may make carburizing or the like insufficient, and the required quality in the carburization of parts after heat treatment may not be met.
From the above, according to the present invention, it is possible to avoid contact between the part to be heat-treated and the part receiver 2A, perform the carburizing treatment uniformly, and manufacture high quality carburized parts at low cost. On the other hand, with only a tray of a C/C composite (carbon composite material; hereinafter the same) as in Patent Documents 4 and 5, the part receiver is molded with a lattice-shaped C/C composite as in Patent Document 4 and, when the part to be heat-treated is in contact with the side surface of the lattice-shaped C/C composite, carbon is supplied from the contact part of the C/C composite, causing a quality problem in that excessive carburizing treatment is performed. Further, in Patent Document 5, although the parts to be heat-treated are placed in a box-shaped basket, there is no partition for preventing the parts to be heat-treated from coming into contact with each other and, in some cases, the parts to be heat-treated are placed so as to randomly overlap each other. The overlapping portion is problematic in terms of quality in that sufficient carburizing treatment is not performed. In contrast to this Patent Document 5, in the present invention, the part receiver 2 is detachably mounted as separate member onto the tray composed of a carbon composite material that is less susceptible to thermal deforming and distortion, thereby preventing the occurrence of bending and distortion in the tray 1, even when, for example, the part receiver 2B having the form illustrated in
While the manufacturing method of the part receiver 2 is not particularly limited, costs increase with a machining process such as cutting, and thus adoption of the lost wax process is particularly desirable. With the lost wax process thus adopted, complex and high-precision structural parts can be efficiently manufactured. The part receiver 2 fabricated by the lost wax process can be detachably mounted onto the tray 1 as a member separate from the tray 1, and thus, even if complex in shape or not insusceptible to deforming over an extended period of time due to heat treatment, can be immediately replaced with another spare part. It should be noted that the lost wax process is a method in which a prototype is formed of wax, a periphery of the prototype is covered and solidified with casting sand or plaster, the internal wax is melted and removed by heating, and a molten steel material is poured into the formed cavity to obtain a casting having the same shape as the prototype.
The material of the part receiver 2, while not particularly limited as long as a steel material or a Ni alloy, preferably may be a steel material or a Ni alloy that can be preferably manufactured by the lost wax process. Specific examples include a nickel-containing steel material such as austenitic stainless steel and a heat-resistant cast steel, and high-Ni alloys such as Inconel. These steel materials or Ni alloys are excellent in high-temperature strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance, and thus can be preferably adopted as members repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace. From the standpoint of heat resistance and thermal deforming prevention, the material may be a steel material or a Ni alloy containing various metal materials, or may be obtained by treating the part receiver 2 after machining and subsequently subjecting the result to a hardening treatment and a surface modifying treatment.
The part receiver 2, as illustrated in
The pedestal 21 acts to detachably come into contact with and be placeable on the base part 11 of the tray 1. While a shape thereof is not particularly limited, when, for example, as illustrated in
The locking part 22 is provided to the pedestal 21 and acts to hold the pedestal 21 on the tray 1. A shape thereof, while not particularly limited, preferably has projecting parts provided at three or four locations below the pedestal 21 having a circular shape, as illustrated in
The part receiving section 23 extends above the pedestal 21, acts to place the part to be heat-treated, and is configured to include at least the frame-shaped receiving section 24 and the support column part 25, as illustrated in
The frame-shaped receiving section 24 is a frame-shaped structural part on which a part to be heat-treated is placed, and is provided so as to extend across the pedestal 21 having a circular shape, with upper surfaces thereof serving as placement surfaces 24a, 24c, as illustrated in
The support column part 25 is provided so as to extend upward from the frame-shaped receiving section 24, for example. While a shape thereof is not particularly limited, the support column part 25 in
An outer frame part 26, as in the structural form in
As described above, the heat-treatment tray member 10, even when repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace with parts placed thereon to heat-treat the parts, suppresses the occurrence of deforming and cracking, allowing use for an extended period of time. As illustrated in
In this way, the heat-treatment tray member 10 in the first embodiment can be configured. In this heat-treatment tray member 10 in the first embodiment, the trays 1 coupled by the coupling means are stacked in multiple stages to obtain a heat-treatment stacked structure. It is possible to place the detachable part receivers 2 onto each of the trays 1, and place parts onto the part receivers 2 to load the member into a heat treating furnace. In the present invention, even when the tray member 10 is repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace with parts placed thereon to heat-treat the parts, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of deforming and cracking to ensure use for an extended period of time, and further perform sufficient and uniform carburizing treatment of the parts to be heat-treated.
The heat-treatment tray member 10 in a second embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B,
The part receiver 2C, as illustrated in
The pedestal 21 acts to detachably come into contact with and be placeable on the tray 1A. A shape thereof, while not particularly limited, preferably is a circular shape, as illustrated in
The locking part 22 is provided to the pedestal 21 and acts to hold the pedestal 21 on the tray 1. A shape thereof, while not particularly limited, as illustrated in
The part receiving section 23 extends above the pedestal 21, acts to place the part to be heat-treated, and is configured to include at least the placement surface 24c and the support column part 25 as illustrated in
The part receiver 2C includes an upper engaging part (projection) 25c and a lower engaging part (hole part) 21d. The upper engaging part (projection) 25c engages with a lower engaging part (hole part) 21d′ of another part receiver 2C′ provided to a tray 1A′ in an upper stage, and couples the part receiver 2C and the tray 1A′ in the upper stage. The upper engaging part (projection) 25c includes a shoulder part 25e for placing and supporting the other tray 1A′ in the upper stage. A height and a shape of the projection, which is the upper engaging part 25c is not particularly limited, but preferably a depth size thereof is about the same as or smaller than that of the hole part, which is the lower engaging part 21d, and preferably a shape thereof is tapered, becoming slightly thinner toward the end, as illustrated in
The lower engaging part (hole part) 21d engages with an upper engaging part (projection) 21d″ of another part receiver 2C″ provided to a tray 1A″ in a lower stage, and couples the part receiver 2C and the tray 1A″ in the lower stage. The lower engaging part (hole part) 21d is a recessed hole, and a depth and a size thereof is not particularly limited, but preferably a projection size thereof is about the same as or greater than that of the upper engaging part 25c, and preferably a shape thereof is tapered hole, becoming slightly thinner toward the back of the hole, as illustrated in
A dimensional accuracy of such a part receiver 2C is high, making it possible to increase the mounting density. As a result, adjacent parts to be heat-treated do not come into contact with each other, and carburizing defects at contacting locations do not occur. It should be noted that the part to be heat-treated may come into contact with the placement surface 24c and the side surface 25b, but it is assumed that the contacting location is not a place that affects the quality of the carburization.
The tray 1A, similar to the tray 1 in the above-described first embodiment, is provided separately from the part receiver 2C, and is formed of a carbon composite material. The tray 1A is a member including a plurality of the mounting parts 13 capable of mounting the part receivers 2C in predetermined positions. The through hole 13c is provided to all mounting parts 13. The projection 25c of the part receiver 2C″ in the lower stage is inserted into the through hole 13c, engages with the hole part 21d of the part receiver 2C, and is positioned. On the other hand, the tray 1A does not include attaching holes for the corner support columns and the center support columns provided to the tray 1 in the above-described first embodiment. Accordingly, the stacking of the tray 1 is not performed by utilizing the corner support columns or the center support columns, but by engaging and combining the part receiver 2C and the tray 1A using the through holes 13c provided to all mounting parts 13.
The part receiver 2C mounted onto the mounting part 13 of the tray 1A is positioned and held so as not to shift from that position. A shape of the mounting part 13, a size and a position of the through hole 13c, and the like can be designed as desired in response to a shape, dimensions, and the like of the part receiver 2C. The part receiver 2C is placed on the tray 1A to form the heat-treatment tray member 10A illustrated in
The heat-treatment stacked structure 60A, as illustrated in
The heat-treatment stacked structure 60A described above is obtained by stacking a plurality of the heat-treatment tray members 10A and is repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. In this heat-treatment stacked structure 60A, the base member 4 illustrated in
In the example in
The part receivers 2D, 2E, as illustrated in
The part receiver 2D illustrated in
The part receiver 2E illustrated in
While, with this sixth coupling means, the two types of the part receiver 2D and the part receiver 2E are combined to form the tray member 10B illustrated in
As a modification, for example, the part receiver 2D described above may have a form in which the hole part 21d of the lower portion is not provided. Specifically, the part receiver 2D may have a form that does not engage with the lower engaging part 21d′ of the other part receiver 2D′ provided to the tray 1B′ in the upper stage and includes, in an upper portion thereof, only the shoulder part 25e that simply places and holds the tray 1B′ in the upper stage, and does not include, in a lower portion thereof, the hole part 21d that may or may not engage with the upper portion of the other part receiver 2D″ provided to the tray 1B″ in the lower stage.
As another modification, for example, the part receiver 2E described above may have a form in which the hole part 21d of the lower portion is not provided. Specifically, the part receiver 2E may have a form that includes, in an upper portion thereof, the projection 25c that engages with the lower engaging part 21d′ of the other part receiver 2E provided to the tray 1B′ in the upper stage, and does not include, in a lower portion thereof, the hole part 21d that engages with the projection 25c″ of the other part receiver 2E″ provided to the tray 1B″ in the lower stage.
Such modifications may be selected as desired and used in combination with the part receiver 2D or the part receiver 2E, or may be used in place of the part receiver 2D or the part receiver 2E, as desired.
A dimensional accuracy of such the part receivers 2D, 2E is high, making it possible to increase the mounting density. As a result, adjacent parts to be heat-treated do not come into contact with each other, and carburizing defects at contacting locations do not occur. It should be noted that the part to be heat-treated may come into contact with the placement surface 24c and the side surface 25b, but it is assumed that the contacting location is not a place that affects the quality of the carburization.
The tray 1B, similar to the tray 1A in the above-described second embodiment, is provided separately from the part receivers 2D, 2E, and the like, and is formed of a carbon composite material. The tray 1B is a member including a plurality of the mounting parts 13 capable of mounting the part receivers 2D, 2E in predetermined positions. In this tray 1B, the through holes 13c are not provided in all mounting parts 13 as in the above-described tray 1A and, in the example illustrated in
Similar to the case of the tray 1A, the part receivers 2D, 2E mounted onto the mounting parts 13 of the tray 1B are held so as not to shift from those positions. The shape of the mounting part 13, the quantity, the size, and the position of the through hole 13c, and the like can be designed as desired in response to a shape, dimensions, and the like of the part receivers 2D, 2E. The part receivers 2D, 2E are placed on the tray 1B to form the heat-treatment tray member 10B illustrated in
The heat-treatment stacked structure 60B, as illustrated in
The base member 4 is the same as the content described in the explanatory section of the above-described heat-treatment stacked structure 60A, and thus a description thereof is omitted here.
The heat-treatment stacked structure in a third embodiment is a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking a plurality of the heat-treatment tray members in each embodiment described above, and is repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. Then, a heat-treatment tray member 10C in the first stage, as illustrated in
The heat-treatment tray members 10, 10A, 10B in the first and second embodiments utilized as the heat-treatment tray members in the second and subsequent stages are stably supported by the four corner support columns 112 of the tray member 10C in a lowermost stage, and are supported in a reinforced manner by the center support column 129 as well. As a result, many parts to be heat-treated having a single form or a plurality of forms can be placed on the part receivers and simultaneously heat-treated. Further, the tray member 10C in the first stage is formed of a steel material or a Ni alloy material, and thus is inferior in heat resistance and thermal deformation compared to a carbon composite material. However, the tray member 10C, because the material thereof is less expensive than a carbon composite material, may be replaced when use is no longer possible due to thermal deforming or the like. Further, while a tray made of a carbon composite material, when used in the first stage, wears due to friction with the floor surface during loading in and out of the heat treating furnace, the first stage is formed of a steel material or a Ni alloy material, and therefore such problems do not also exist.
The heat-treatment stacked structure in a fourth embodiment is a heat-treatment stacked structure obtained by stacking a plurality of the heat-treatment tray members in each embodiment described above, and repeatedly loaded into a heat treating furnace along with parts to be heat-treated. Then, as a heat-treatment tray member 10D in the first stage, a tray member exemplified as the conventional example illustrated in
The heat-treatment tray members 10, 10A, 10B in the first and second embodiments utilized as the heat-treatment tray members in the second and subsequent stages are stably supported by the four corner support columns 112 of the tray member 10D in the lowermost stage, and are supported in a reinforced manner by the center support column 129 as well. With such support, it is possible to utilize the heat-treatment tray member of the conventional example that has been utilized to date. As a result, many parts to be heat-treated having a single form or a plurality of forms can be placed on the part receivers and simultaneously heat-treated. Further, the conventional tray member 10D in the first stage is formed of a steel material or a Ni alloy material, and thus is inferior in heat resistance and thermal deformation compared to a carbon composite material. However, the tray member 10D, because the material thereof is less expensive than a carbon composite material, may be replaced when use is no longer possible due to thermal deforming or the like. Furthermore, while a tray made of a carbon composite material, when used in the first stage, wears due to friction with the floor surface during loading in and out of the heat treating furnace, the first stage is formed of a steel material or a Ni alloy material, and therefore such problems do not also exist.
The heat-treatment tray member 10 according to the present invention (Example 1) and a conventional cast steel product (Comparative Example 1) were compared in terms of the number of heat treating batches.
The heat-treatment tray member 10 according to the present invention and having the form illustrated in
The conventional cast steel product illustrated in
A test was performed when each member of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was carburized in a carburizing furnace at a temperature of 980° C. The member most greatly affected by carburizing treatment is the base part of the tray, and therefore only the base part of the tray was evaluated. In the evaluation, the presence or absence of cracking and the presence or absence of deforming were visually evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, “◯” indicates “no cracking and no deforming,” “Δ” indicates “no cracking and deforming without operational problems,” and “x” indicates “cracking or significant deforming not allowing operation.” From the results in Table 1, a difference between the two occurred when the number of heat treating batches exceeded 100, and a significant difference was confirmed when the number of heat treating batches was 200. In Comparative Example 1, the test was not performed more than 500 times. In Example 1, no cracking occurred and no deforming occurred even after 1500 batches.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-154911 | Aug 2018 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/032662 | 8/21/2019 | WO | 00 |
