Patent Grant
7878111
The present inventions are directed toward cooking devices and in particular toward enclosed horizontal rotisserie countertop cooking devices and their accessories.
A rotisserie is defined by Webster's Dictionary as “an appliance fitted with a spit on which food is rotated before or over a source of heat”.
Rotisserie cooking, particularly on traditional horizontal spits, is considered to be among the healthiest ways of preparing foods. Unlike other cooking methods, unhealthy grease and oil are allowed to drip off all sides of the food while it is being cooked. Other cooking methods allow grease and oil to settle into the top of the foods.
Rotisserie cooking is also among the most tasty methods of cooking. Contrasted with other cooking methods, moisture while cooking doesn't settle to the bottom of the food, allowing the top to dry out. Taste is enhanced too because foods, and particularly meats, self-baste during the rotisserie cooking process. This self basting both seals in flavor and moisture, and simultaneously adds flavors to the outside of the food being cooked.
Rotisserie cooking is also among the easiest methods of cooking. Rotisserie foods require little or no seasonings to add flavor for reasons just mentioned. And, unlike many other methods of cooking, rotisserie cooking requires no, or virtually no, attention during the actual cooking process.
Among the most popular rotisseries in today's U.S. marketplace are those fitted to outdoor grills. Generally these have a gear reduced electric motor powering a single rod horizontal spit over a charcoal or gas fired heat source, with either an open-air or enclosed oven design.
These units have their shortcomings, particularly during inclement weather, or when it is very hot or very cold, or when flies, ants or yellow jackets are around, or when its windy, etc.
Models among these units which have enclosed ovens in which rotisserie cooking is performed, usually have no internal light and no window or only a small window to view the food while its being cooked. Such construction makes it difficult to check cooking progress.
And opening the doors on these enclosed oven units generally lets out the hot cooking air which in turn slows cooking and makes gauging cooking times even more difficult.
And cooking results can be unpredictable on these units, particularly on charcoal fired models due to variances in the heat source and outside air.
The exteriors of these units generally get very hot and thus present safety considerations which may require warning labels and extra caution on the part of the users.
Charcoal grills have additional inconveniences of having to start and maintain their hot coals.
Starting charcoal fires or using bottled or other forms of gas may also present safety hazards.
And hot grease dripping into glowing charcoal, gas flames or onto hot electric coils may flare up.
In addition, the single rod spits used on most of these rotisseries may be difficult to use and may not do an adequate job of supporting the food being cooked.
Another popular rotisserie type in the U.S. market is the enclosed countertop rotisserie having a vertically rotating spit. These typically have limited capacity, such as being able to cook only a chicken weighing five pounds or less. Such capacity may be unsuitable for families or for use at parties.
Also, many of these units have small door openings and hot oven walls which make it difficult to insert and remove food.
And usually when the door is opened it swings to one side where it is still in the way of loading or unloading foods, especially when the door is hot.
And because these units rotate foods about a vertical axis, the top half of the food usually becomes dry even when the chef takes the inconvenient trouble to regularly baste.
And there are usually no provisions for putting smaller foods closer to the heat source where they might cook faster.
Typically these units have very hot exteriors which may present safety hazards requiring warning labels and extra user care.
Another rotisserie type becoming popular in the U.S. is the countertop toaster oven with horizontal rotisserie spit.
These typically have capacity limitations similar to those found on countertop rotisseries with vertical spits. They combine these limitations with the difficulty of use of outdoor rotisseries with their inadequate, awkward and limited use single rod spits.
Many of these countertop toaster ovens also present fire safety and smoke hazards from heat rods which are directly next to grease drip pans.
Most of these units have tight door openings and small oven cavities which make it difficult to insert and remove foods, particularly when the units are hot.
And many of these units have thermostatically controlled heating elements which cycle on and off and thus lengthen rotisserie cooking time. Rotisseries are most efficient when they have a constant radiant heat source. A constant source of heat, however, requires a method of efficiently removing heat from the cooking cavity which these units typically don't posses. Without efficiently removing heat, rotisserie oven interiors may overheat.
These units also typically have small door windows and little or no interior lighting which makes it difficult to view cooking progress.
And their spits are very difficult to maneuver into place and pull out of the oven, both due to the small oven cavities and because of poor mounting design. This is particularly true when the oven is hot.
In addition, when the doors open on these units, they generally swing down or swing to one side where they are in the way of loading and unloading food, particularly when the doors are hot.
And their doors are generally complicated in construction, typically having a small piece of glass framed with several pieces of metal, the entire assembly which is then permanently hinged to the cooking cavity.
These units too generally have no means to bring smaller foods closer to the heat source where they might cook faster.
Additionally, most rotisseries on the market today have several shortcomings in common.
They are usually limited as to what they can cook. Small foods or foods that can't be skewered may not be mountable for cooking. Even where baskets that fit on the spits are available, they are difficult to use and generally do a poor job of holding some types of food.
Next, cleanup is very difficult on most units. This is because few components can be removed for cleaning, and areas which require a lot of cleaning may be difficult to access, as an example, behind the heating elements.
Most rotisseries can only rotisserie cook. They can't steam or heat other foods simultaneously while rotisserie cooking. This is important because most people like vegetables or other side dishes to accompany their rotisserie cooked foods.
Most rotisseries occupy a large amount of space. This is particularly detrimental for indoor units where kitchen space may be at a premium.
And few current rotisseries adequately display the food being cooked which, with rotisserie cooking, can be a taste tempting show in itself.
A preferred embodiment of the present inventions comprises a countertop resting box-like enclosure housing a safety rear mounted heating element and a power rotated dual rod spit assembly.
The gear driven spit assembly may be easily inserted and removed straight into and out of the enclosure without need for angling or coupling the assembly to a power drive socket.
The spit assembly may also be mounted at various distances from the heating element to decrease cooking times.
The open front of the enclosure is from time to time covered by an inclined glass panel door which may be opened in various ways to facilitate food insertion into and removal from the enclosure, and which may be easily removed for cleaning or other purposes.
The embodiment's design makes efficient use of valuable counter space by recessing back and raising off the countertop its controls.
A contained light as well as room light emitted through the inclined glass door illuminate the enclosure's interior to make the rotisserie cooking into a taste tempting show.
Two countertop supported sizes for the embodiment are suggested, one for larger families and entertaining, and the other for small families and singles.
Cooking times are decreased and manufacture simplified by the embodiment heating element remaining on constantly during the cooking process.
Maintenance is minimized by various embodiment parts being removable for cleaning including a cleaning shield located behind the heating element, the glass door, and a drip pan.
A variety of foods may be cooked using the spit and accessories that attach to the spit. Such accessories include wire baskets and a rotating stir fryer.
Foods may be cooked on top of the embodiment as well using an included warming tray and an inserted steaming tray with cover.
Grease-tight rotisserie/barbecue gloves make food handling easier and safer, as can also be said for a spit support platform which supports the spit assembly for food mounting and carving.
Self-rotating kabob rods cook kabobs on all sides evenly and allow for increasing rotisserie capacity by increasing the length of rotating rods available for rotisserie food mounting.
A preferred embodiment utilizing the present inventions comprises a metal enclosure 20 including an essentially horizontal metal floor 22 and metal roof 24, a generally vertical metal back 26, and two essentially vertical side walls including a double paneled right side wall 28 and a double paneled left side wall 30, and an inclined glass front door 32. A curved metal section 34 containing louver vents 238 joins the generally vertical metal back 26 to the essentially horizontal metal roof 24.
Two horizontal front-to-back running rod-like side rails 3840, one located below the double paneled right side wall 28 and one disposed below the double paneled left side wall 30, support the metal enclosure 20 and raise it off a countertop 42 or flat surface on which it might rest. Four rubber feet 444648 located on the bottom 52 of the side rails 3840 keep the rails 3840 from scratching countertops 42 and help prevent the embodiment from skidding.
The side rails 3840 have lifting handles 5456 projecting from their sides, one 54 projecting rightward from the right side rail 38, and one 56 projecting leftward from the left side rail 40. These lifting handles 5456 allow the embodiment to be lifted and carried.
The side rails 3840 also incorporate two cord winding projections 5860 extending rearward, one 58 from the back of the right side rail 38 and one 60 from the back of the left side rail 40. These cord winding projections 5860 serve to wrap the cord for shortening its length, or for storing the cord while carrying the embodiment or during storage, or for other reasons. The cord winding projections 5860 also keep the back 26 of the embodiment from directly contacting a vertical back wall.
The glass front door 32 is essentially a single flat panel of glass 64 with a round steel axle rod 66 held along its lower edge 68 by a “U” shaped channel 70 which is silicone glued to both the lower edge 68 of the panel of glass 64 and the axle rod. This axle rod extends outward 7274 from both lower corners 7678 of the panel of glass 64.
The rails 3840 provide tracks 8183 which engage and support the two ends 8082 of the round steel axle rod 66 which extend horizontally from each lower corner of the lower edge 68 of the glass front door 32, and this engagement with these tracks 8183 controls movement of the glass front door 32 to pivot downward 84 from the door's 32 closed position 85 and to slide under 87 the metal enclosure 20.
In the upper right corner 86 of the panel of glass 64 and the upper left corner 88, there are two handles 9092, one for each corner 8688, which have rod-like grips 9496 which extend horizontally outward 7274 in opposite directions. By making the grips extend horizontally instead of vertically, the overall height of the embodiment is minimized. This may be particularly advantageous in placing the embodiment below over counter cabinets or other overhead objects. The handle geometry is such that either handle 9092 or both handles 9092 may be easily used to grip and open or close the glass door 32, or slide it 32 under 87 the metal enclosure 20 or hold the door for other reasons such as removal.
The inclined glass door 32 may be held closed 85 by gravity alone, requiring no other latching mechanism. Thus, when compared to cooking enclosures having latches, this preferred embodiment door construction generally: reduces required assembly parts, simplifies manufacturing, makes manufacturing tolerances wider, and makes user operation easier and more reliable.
When compared to a vertical glass door, the inclined glass door 32 also typically permits more ambient light to enter the cooking cavity and allows viewing of food being cooked from a broader range of vertical angles, thus making viewing of the food being cooked easier and more convenient. This in turn makes it easier to determine cooking progress and turns cooking of rotisserie food into an entertaining and taste tantalizing show.
A light 98 mounted between the panels 99101 of the double paneled right side wall 28 introduces additional light into the cooking cavity 104 and further adds to the food viewing advantages just stated. This light 98 has a frosted translucent glass cover 100 which is in a contiguous plane with the interior wall 101 of the double paneled right side wall 28. This cover 100 separates the light bulb 98 from the cooking cavity 104. The light bulb 98 has a shiny metal reflector 106 behind it which backs onto the outside wall 99 of the double paneled right side wall 28. The light 98 is wired to come on any time the embodiment's heat coil 110 is on.
A translucent red colored lens 112 penetrates the reflector 106 located behind the light bulb 98 and penetrates the outside panel 99 of the double paneled right side wall 28. Light shines through this red colored lens from the light 98 whenever the light bulb 98 and thus the heat coil 110 is on. This red colored lens 112 is visible on the outside of the right side wall 99 and gives a clear visible indication of when the heat coil 110 is operating. Using a single light 98 to both illuminate the interior of the cooking cavity 104, as well as give indication on the outside of the embodiment of when the heat coil 110 is operating, cuts down on required parts, simplifies embodiment construction, and increases embodiment reliability. Such a operation warning light may also meet the requirements for an “on” indicator as set by safety regulatory bodies such as Underwriters Laboratories. The lens color may also be changed, as an example to green, to match foreign safety standards such as those established by TUV in Germany.
The glass door 32 is silk printed 114118 with trademark, decoration and safety markings. Such markings 114 may be printed in translucent inks which may be back lit by illumination from the light 98 mounted into the double paneled right side wall 28. Such glowing back lit markings 114 may be thus made to be much more visible and dramatic, especially in dark rooms, than similar common unlit markings.
Markings 114 on the panel of glass 64 may by placed to block glare from light 98 mounted into the double paneled right side wall 28 from shining into viewer's eyes thus making the embodiment more pleasant to look at due to less emitted light glare.
Markings 118 on the door 32 may match the color of the enclosure door 32 frame 116 which backs portions of the glass door 32 when the door 32 is closed 85. Such markings 118 when viewed against the background of the like colored enclosure frame 116 when the door 32 is closed 85, may be virtually invisible. When the glass door 32 is lowered 84, however, the markings 118 may become very visible. Thus a warning marking such as “Caution—Hot Surface” 118 may be printed to appear mirror imaged and upside down over when it is virtually invisible while the door 32 is closed 85 and the marking 118 is displayed against the like colored frame 116 background. When the door 32 is lowered 84 and opened 13487, however, the marking 118 may become clearly visible and appear in proper orientation, that is right side up and not mirror imaged, reading correctly “Caution—Hot Surface”.
Any inclination past vertical may be used for the glass front door 32, but an angle between five and twenty-five degrees has been found to be most advantageous for producing satisfactory door latching and food viewing, as well as for conserving valuable countertop space. Too flat a glass angle stretches out the bottom of the enclosure and consumes an unacceptable amount of countertop space. Too steep a glass angle won't allow proper door latching and provides a poor view of foods being cooked. Inclining the front of the enclosure increases the enclosure's footprint on a countertop and thus increases its stability and decreases any tendency to tip over or be accidentally moved.
The preferred embodiment may be constructed at any scale. However, two sizes have been found to be particularly advantageous. For large families, or for parties and entertaining, an enclosure with cooking cavity 104 interior dimensions between eleven and thirteen inches wide side to side, ten to twelve inches from the cooking cavity ceiling 142 to the top of the drip pan 120, as explained later herein, and ten to twelve inches deep from the inside of the glass door 32 to the front of the heating rods 110, as explained later, as measured horizontally midway between the ceiling 142 and the top of the drip pan 120. When constructed at this scale, the embodiment can cook a fifteen pound turkey, or two six pound chickens. Fifteen pound turkeys are considered among the largest turkeys commonly sold around Thanksgiving and Christmas. And six pound chickens are among the largest commonly sold popular chickens sold in US supermarkets. Thus such a size meets the needs of most large families or people who entertain.
A second advantageous size meets the needs of smaller families, people who live alone, or people with very small kitchens. For these markets, a cooking cavity 104 with interior dimensions between nine and eleven inches wide, seven to nine inches from the cooking cavity ceiling to the top of the drip pan, and seven to nine inches deep from the inside of the glass door 32 to the front of the heating rods is particularly advantageous. When constructed at this scale, the embodiment can cook a six pound chicken, or two three pound chickens. Three pound chickens are among the smallest commonly sold chickens. This size thus meets the needs of most smaller families or people who live alone.
The inclined glass front door 32 may rotate downward 84 and following such rotation to an essentially horizontal position 85, slide under 87 the metal enclosure 20 with glass front door's 32 axles 8082 engaging into the tracks 8183 in the two front-to-back side rails 3840. In this slid-under position 87, the top 126 of the glass door 32 is held off the countertop 42 by flat horizontal ribs 9193 in the side rails 3840. Also in the slid-under position 87, the glass door 32 is out of the way of foods being loaded into or removed from the cooking cavity 104. This is particularly advantageous when the door 32 is hot and user contact with it might cause burns.
Alternatively, the enclosure 20 may be placed on the edge 30 of a countertop 42 and the glass door 32 may be rotated below the countertop 42 level 132 where it will also be out of the way of food loading and unloading.
As a third alternative, the glass door 32 may be opened 134 onto a countertop by being rotated down 84 from its closed position 85 to the countertop.
The glass front door 32 is also removable for cleaning, food loading, or other purposes.
As shown in
Several advantages core from using what is essentially a single panel of glass 64 for the front door 32. First, unlike most other framed glass constructions, the door 32 may be washed in a dishwasher, or sink, or immersed in liquid.
Second, when compared to doors which have framed glass, construction is generally: simpler, has fewer parts, is less expensive, and is lighter in weight for comparable transparent viewing area. Appearance is also typically cleaner. And the viewing area is unsurpassed compared to most other constructions.
On top 142 of the metal enclosure 20 may rest a warming/steaming tray unit 144 comprising a lower heating pan 146, an intermediate steaming tray 148 with holes 149 in its floor which rests down into the lower heating pan 146, and a warming tray lid 150 which caps and encloses both the lower heating pan 146 and the intermediate steaming tray 148.
This unit is supported by four frustum conical feet 152 projecting from near each of the four corners of the bottom of the lower heating pan 146, each of the feet 152 which rests into its own two level inverted wedding cake shaped support indention 154 located near each of the corners of the roof 24 of the metal enclosure 20. Each foot 152 may rest in the lower most level of each such indention 154 allowing direct contact between the roof 24 of the metal enclosure 20 and the floor 156 of the lower heating pan 146; or each foot 152 may rest at the next level up of each indention 154 providing an air space 158 between the roof 24 of the metal enclosure 20 and the floor of the lower heating pan 146, thus lowering the temperature of the floor 156 of the lower heating pan 146 and the temperature inside the warming/steaming tray unit 144. Such temperature control may be used in warming, cooking or steaming foods or in any combination of these functions or other functions—i.e. steaming vegetables and then keeping them warm.
The warming/steaming tray unit 144 may be used to warm, cook or steam foods, either simultaneous with rotisserie cooking or independent of it. And it may perform these functions either with or without the intermediate steaming tray 148 in place, and either with or without the warming tray lid 150 in place.
Handles 160 on either side of the heating pan 146 make it easy to lift the entire warming/steaming tray unit 144, with or without the intermediate streaming tray 148, and with or without the warming tray lid 150 in place. As an extra measure of convenience, the placement of the warming/steaming tray feet 152 is symmetrical both front to back and side to side thus allowing the user to place it 144 on top of the metal enclosure 20 with a given heating pan handle 160 on the right side or on the left side of the metal enclosure 20.
Water may be placed in the lower heating pan 146 and the intermediate steaming tray 148 put in place to facilitate the steaming of vegetables or other foods.
When foods are being steamed or when moist foods are being heated in the warming/steaming tray unit 144, droplets of water generally condense on the warming tray lid 150. These droplets may present a safety hazard when the user lifts off the lid because the droplets may be hot and tend to run to the side of the lid 150 and drop onto the user when the lid is lifted and tilted. As shown in
The warming tray lid 150 may be constructed of any of many suitable materials. It would be advantageous for it 150 to be translucent or transparent so cooking or steaming progress as well as the food being cooked could be observed without removing the lid 150. Glass or plastics such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, or Ultem™ from GE Plastics might be suitable for use in constructing the lid 150 as examples.
The warming tray lid 150 has a handle 153 in the center of its outside top surface to help in its use. This handle 153 is textured to help prevent slippage.
Within the metal enclosure 20, resting on its floor 22, is a drip pan 120 which mounts inside it, and is covered by, a grate cover 162. The drip pan 120 collects grease, oil, and liquid which come from the food being rotisserie cooked.
The grate cover 162 is a metal cover perforated with slots 163 which reduces splashing, and smoke, and flares from liquids from the rotisserie cooked foods splashing and hitting heat coils 110 and other hot surfaces, and diminishes the risk fire from hot grease and oil inside which has dripped from rotisserie cooking food into the drip pan 120 becoming overheated and igniting. The drip pan 120 and capping grate cover 162 may be pulled out 164 to facilitate their own cleaning, or the embodiment's interior cleaning, or for other purposes.
The grate cover 162 and underlying drip pan 120 both tend to get dirty during rotisserie cooking. In the preferred embodiment, both are covered on their upper sides with a nonstick coating similar to that used in nonstick fry pans. Such coating greatly reduces cleanup, particularly on the grate cover 162 which may get grease, oil and residue dripped on it while simultaneously being exposed to high heat from the heat coil 110 which bakes the drippings on.
As shown in
Adding to user convenience, the grate cover 162 and drip pan 120 are each square, thus allowing the user to place the grate cover 162 in the drip pan 120 with any given corner of the grate cover 162 resting in any corner of the drip pan 120, and allowing the drip pan 120 to be placed in the metal enclosure 20 with any of its four corners resting in any corner of the metal enclosure 20.
As shown in
The center of the first metal plate 172 is frustum conically indented away from the projecting attached snit rods with a stub axle 186 projecting from the back bottom center of the plate's 172 frustum conical indent.
The stub axle 186 has circular grooves 188 cut into its cylindrical periphery. These grooves 188 help to prevent squeaking from the stub axles rubbing against their support tracks 198200, described later, when the spit assembly 170 is rotating.
The second metal spit plate 174 is the mirror image of the first metal spit plate 172 except in place of the two attached spit rods 176178 it has two short spit rod support tubes 192 attached. These tubes 192 receive, and hold by an overlapping friction fit, the sharpened ends of the two spit rods 176178.
Foods are secured to the spit simply by running one or both of the two sharpened spit rods 176178 through the food and then capping the rods by pushing the tubes 192 in the second spit plate 174 over the sharpened ends of the spit rods 176178 projecting from the first spit plate 172. The food is then easily inserted into the embodiment as explained later.
The spit assembly 170 of the preferred embodiment has several advantages over other available spit assemblies. It's compact and efficient in the use of space both inside and outside the cooking cavity 104. Because the spit assembly 170 is placed straight into the cooking cavity without angling or sliding into a drive socket, and because no drive forks or other space robbing mechanisms are required to hold even large and heavy pieces of food, almost the entire length of the spit rods 176178, which run almost the full width of the cooking cavity 104 from the interior left oven wall 103 to the interior right oven wall 101, may be used to cook food. Other available spit rods, because they must be angled into place and slid into a drive socket are far less efficient in cooking space utilization.
Also, with the spit rods 176178 on the preferred embodiment there is no loss of space outside the cooking cavity 104 while foods are being loaded into or are being cooked in the cooking cavity 104. Other available spit rods have handles which project beyond their cooking enclosure and waste valuable counter space.
The spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment, as explained earlier, with its dual spit rod 176178 design, holds foods more firmly than other single spit rod designs. This advantage means that even heavy and large foods rotate solidly with the spit assembly 170 and don't become loose and flop or fall off the rods 176178. On other spit rod designs, foods tend to shift while rotating and become loose and fall off the spit rods when this looseness bores a hole through the food being cooked.
The spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment, as explained in more detail later herein, also integrates the mounting of self-rotating kabob rods into its design. Many other spit rod designs don't even plan for the mounting of non-rotating kabob rods.
And the spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment, as also explained in more detail later herein, also allows for the easy and solid mounting of other cooking accessories such as cooking baskets 270. Other spit rods designs may make no such provisions.
The spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment makes food mounting easy. The food is simply pushed onto the two relatively skinny and sharp spit rods 176178, the second spit plate 174 slid into place, and the assembly, food and all, is placed directly into the cooking cavity 104. Other designs have thicker spit rods which are more difficult to shove through foods, and these designs may require hard to use accessories, such as mounting forks, to secure the foods from rotating independently of the spit while cooking, and placing foods into their cooking enclosures is more difficult, as explained in the next paragraph.
The spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment is easy and intuitive to load into the cooking cavity 104. The assembly 170 is simply shoved directly into the cooking cavity without angling or having to align its end with and slide it into a drive socket. Other designs with drive sockets or other complicated drive means are far more difficult to use.
And foods are easy to unload from the preferred embodiment's spit assembly 170. The assembly 170 is simply slide straight-out of the cooking cavity 104, the second spit plate 174 easily removed, and the foods slid off the two rods 176178. Other spit rods are difficult to remove from their cooking enclosures, some requiring the attachment of handles or lifting devices, and/or angling to uncouple drive mechanisms, and may require the additional steps of removal of accessories, such as food mounting forks.
The spit assembly 170 on the preferred embodiment may be mounted closer to the cooking heat source 110 to speed cooking of smaller foods. Other spit rod designs don't offer this feature.
Cleaning of the spit rods 176178 is enhanced by nonstick coating, similar to that used in nonstick fry pans, covering their surfaces which contact food during cooking. The ends of the spit rods may be left uncoated to facilitate the easy insertion of the rods 176178 into the spit rod support tubes 192.
To facilitate food loading onto the spit assembly, a spit support base 194 is supplied with the preferred embodiment. This spit support base 194 can hold the first spit plate 172 with its spit rods 176178 projecting directly upward. In this position, foods can be easily loaded onto the spit rods 176178 by lowering the foods onto the pointed ends of the rods 176178.
In addition, the spit support base 194 can be used to help in serving. In this capacity, the support base 194, possibly after being placed on top of a plate, can hold foods skewered on the vertically disposed spit rods 176178 while the food is being removed from the spit rods 176178 or while the food is being carved.
A variant 196 of the spit support base 194 shown in
As shown in
Similarly, any dish shaped device might be used to help load and unload food to and from the enclosure 20. Such a shape is enhanced for this use if its perimeter is raised in a manner similar to that found on a soup bowl. Such a raised perimeter helps better support the foods being inserted into or removed from the enclosure 20 and more reliably holds liquids which may drip form such foods.
Either the original 194 or the variant 196 spit support base may be used to keep the spit assembly 170 from rolling on a countertop. Here, one of the spit plates 172174 is placed into either an upright or inverted spit support base 194196 resting on the countertop which thus prevents the spit assembly 170 from rolling by providing a stable indention, i.e. either the top face or bottom face of the support base 194196 resting flat on the counter, in which one of the round spit plates 172174. may rest.
Because there are two spit rods 176178, foods may be penetrated by both rods 176178 and thus the foods may be securely held and prevented from spinning independent of the spit assembly's 170 rotation, or prevented from dropping off the spit assembly 170. This compares to conventional single rod spit designs which tear holes in food because all the food's weight is supported on a single rod. Foods supported on such single rods may break loose and fail to turn as the spit turns because of inadequate tortional support engagement between the spit and the food. Foods may also fall off of single spit rods due to inadequate weight distribution and support, and because food movement not synchronized with the spit tends to tear holes in the foods which results in the foods tearing loose of the spit.
In addition, many single spit rods use clamped-on support forks positioned at each end of the spit rod supported food to compensate for food tearing and spinning independently of the spit assembly. These support forks frequently cause further problems by being difficult and inconvenient to install and remove as well as by shortening the length of food that can fit on the spit rods because of the space the support forks consume.
Once the spit 170 is fully assembled with the food skewered on the spit rods 176178 and the tubes 192 projecting from the second metal spit plate slid over and capping the pointed ends of the spit rods 176178 orthogonally projecting from the first metal spit plate 172, the spit assembly 170 is ready to be loaded into the embodiment enclosure 20.
The double paneled right side wall 28 and the double paneled left side wall 30 each contain an indented spit support track 198200 on their interior panels 101103. In the preferred embodiment, the spit support track 200 on the interior panel 103 of the left double paneled side wall 30 is a mirror image of the spit support track 198 on the interior panel 101 of the right double paneled side wall 28.
These two spit support tracks 198200 engage the stub axles 186 on the spit plates 172174 when the spit assembly 170 is slid into the enclosure 20. The tracks 198200 allow the spit assembly 170, including any spit accessories or any food thereon, to slide in and out of the enclosure 20. In addition, each track 198200 has three axle positioning indents 168122202 which can support and hold the stub axles 186, and thus the spit assembly 170. in specific track 198200 locations.
The first 168 of these axle positioning indents 168122202 is located on each track 198200 adjacent to the door 32 opening. This indent 168 is referred to as the rest position and has several functions. First, when loading or unloading food from the embodiment, it may be first rested in this position 168 where a better grip may be obtained on the food or where it simply may be rested. It also serves as the first location to catch the spit assembly 170 as it's being loaded into the embodiment, and the last location to catch the spit assembly 170 before it leaves.
It also serves as an area to prepare food. As an example, in the rest position 168 foods can be centered on the spit rod, or ties to secure the wings and legs on a chicken might be readjusted, or barbecue sauce can be brushed on a chicken or baby back ribs, or seasonings applied to other foods.
When the rest position 168 is being used for food preparation, it may be advantageous to pull the drip pan 120 and attached grate cover 162 to their part way out position 166, as explained earlier, to keep foods and preparations from dripping or dropping onto the countertop or glass door.
The rest position 168 on each spit support track 198200 is backed by an upwardly inclined track portion 204. This inclined track 204, combined with the large open front throat of the track and rest position 168, makes it easy to catch the spit assembly 170 and hold it in the rest position 168 when it's inserted into the enclosure 20, and it makes it obvious that the spit assembly 170 has been caught in the rest position 168 when it is being removed from the enclosure 20.
The tracks' 198200 lowered front portions allows foods to duck under the enclosure's roof 24 front overhang 206, thus allowing larger foods to be loaded into the enclosure 20. The roof 24 front overhang 206 is necessary to give strength to the front of the roof 24, and without lowering the front of the track, the size of the foods which might be loaded into the enclosure 20 could be reduced and be smaller than the capacity of the enclosure 20 itself.
When the spit assembly 170 is being loaded into the enclosure 20, the assembly 170 first passes the rest position 168, then the inclined track portion 204, and next it comes to the low heat position 122 where its stub axles 186 can be engaged by gravity into a detent 168122202 and rotate. In the low heat position 122 the gear teeth 180 on the perimeter of the spit plate closest to the right side inner side wall 101 engage a motor driven drive gear 208 which penetrates into the enclosure through the light side inner side wall 101. The spit assembly 170 and any spit accessories or food thereon, may be rotated by this motor driven drive gear 208 in front of the embodiment's rear heating element 110, which is described later herein.
A quick and easy method of tying up loose parts of foods to be rotisserie cooked has been found using the spit support track 200, timer 222 and control switch 224. As an example wings and legs on chickens, ducks and turkeys can be easily secured using this method. First, the end of a length of string is secured to a wing, leg or other part of the fowl using a simple wrap or a slip knot as examples. In the alternative, the end of the string might be indirectly secured to the fowl by securing the string to the spit assembly 170. This might be done while the fowl is supported on the spit assembly 170 in the spit support track 200 rest position 168 or while the fowl is outside the embodiment. Next, the spit assemble is moved back to either the low heat 122 or high heat 202 spit support track 200 position. The control switch 224 is then turned to the “no heat rotation” 252 position and the timer turned on. As the fowl rotates, the string automatically wraps around the fowl's loose parts thus securing them. Once secured, the timer is turned off, the string is cut, and its end tied or wrapped or otherwise secured to the fowl on a wing, leg or other part. In the alternative again, the cut end of the string might be indirectly secured to the fowl by securing the end to the spit assembly 170.
The direction of spit assembly 170 rotation is important in producing satisfactory cooking results. The embodiment's heating element 110 is located half way up, and directly adjacent to, the back 26 wall of the enclosure 20. The drive gear 208 rotates the spit assembly 170 so food rotate 175 from the top of the enclosure 20 down to directly in front of the heating element 110 and then down to the bottom of the enclosure where the food rotates 175 back to the top of the enclosure 20 while the food faces away from the heating element 110. Reversing this rotation 175 has been found to result in smoke, small flare-ups and less tasty food.
The speed of spit assembly rotation has also been found to be important in producing rotisserie cooked foods with generally superior taste and texture. The preferred embodiment has a spit assembly 170 rotation speed of between 3.5 and 5 rpm. This is typically faster than most home rotisseries operate
The low heat position 122 may support large foods up to the capacity of the enclosure 20. However, it may also support foods of any size including smaller sized foods. In some cases the low heat position 122 may be desirable to cook smaller foods slower as an example.
Rotisserie cooking in the preferred embodiment differs in several ways from conventional oven cooking. First, in conventional oven cooking the food remains stationary and is cooked by hot air. In the preferred embodiment, food is rotated about a horizontal axis and is cooked by a combination of both radiant energy coming directly from the heat coil 110 and air heated by the heat coil 110. Radiant energy is generally more efficient than hot air in conveying cooking energy to food and thus typically gets foods hotter quicker.
However without food rotation, radiant energy tends to dry out and burn foods as is the case in most conventional oven broilers. Also, without food rotation, radiant energy tends to cook grease and oil into foods, and particularly into meats.
Rotisserie cooking in the preferred embodiment is generally quicker than conventional oven cooking. This is partly due to the efficiency of radiant energy heating and also due to food movement which helps break the air boundary layer around foods being cooked and thus speeds hot air heat transfer to foods in a similar manner to fan driven home convection bake ovens.
Cooking speed is also increased because foods are alternately super heated on their surfaces as they pass directly in front of the heating coil and then the heat is allowed to soak into the foods as they rotate away from the heating coil.
Natural expansion and contraction as foods heat and cool during rotation also helps speed the cooking process and lower cooking times.
Directly behind and above the low heat track position 122, is the high heat track position 202. Again, the stub axles 186 of the spit assembly 170 may be pushed back, raised and rested into this position. In this position the gear teeth 180 in the perimeter of the spit plate closest to the right side inner side wall 101 may engage the drive gear 208 and the spit assembly 170 may be thus power rotated. Smaller foods may be rotated closer to the heating element 110 in the high heat track position 202 which may greatly reduce such smaller foods' cooking times.
Inserting the spit assembly 170 into the preferred embodiment requires only resting it on the left and right spit support tracks 200198 and lifting and pushing it back into the enclosure 20 to the desired use position 168122202, be it the rest position 168, the low heat position 122 or the high heat position 202.
Removing the spit assembly 170 from the high heat track position 202, the low heat track position 122, or from the rest track position 168, requires only lifting and pulling the spit assembly 170 toward the front of the enclosure 20.
This easy insertion of the spit assembly 170 into, and simple removal of the spit assembly 170 from, the embodiment enclosure 20 is in marked contrast to most other rotisseries which typically require angling the spit rod assembly into its cooking position and carefully fitting one of the spit assembly's ends into a drive socket.
Use of the relatively large diameter spit plates 172174 as the final reduction gear in the motor rotational speed reducing gear train driving the spit assembly 170 has several advantages when compared with typical rotisserie drives which use a gear box terminated by a drive socket directly coupled to the spit rod.
The spit plate's 172174 large outer diameter gear 180 greatly reduces the play and backlash in the motor speed reduction gear drive train caused when off-center weighted foods are rotated. In this situation the motor pushes off-center foods uphill until the off-center weight swings over the top of center and then moves downhill constrained by the drag of the motor. The shift from the motor pulling the food uphill to the motor constraining the food's movement downhill causes a shock load on all the gears in the gear reduction train, and particularly on the final drive gears, as any free movement, or play, between the gears in the gear train shifts with the full power of the off-center weighted foods behind it.
Typical final drive gears found in rotisserie drive trains are one-tenth or less of the diameter of the spit plate's outer gear teeth 180 and thus generally are far less durable, have far more play, and put far more load on both the spit and attached food, and on the rest of the reduction drive gear train itself. This in turn may result in shorter motor and gear life, food disengaging from and falling off of the spit rod, and unacceptable levels of noise and vibration.
The speed reduction between the drive gear 208 and the gear teeth 180 on the spit plate 172174 is ten-to-one in the preferred embodiment but may be greater or less depending on the desired diameter of the spit plate and the coarseness needed in the gear teeth. In the preferred embodiment, such a high gear reduction outside of the gear transmission 210 attached to the gear reduced motor 212 means that fewer and less durable, which may translate to less expensive, gears may be used inside the gear transmission 210 attached to the gear reduced motor 212.
And by eliminating the drive socket which is generally used to attach the spit assembly to the final drive gear of the motor speed reducing gear transmission, any play in the socket engagement with the spit assembly or any binding in inserting or removing the spit assembly into and from the drive socket are eliminated
Both the first 172 and the second spit plates 174 each have eight evenly spaced kabob holes 182 penetrating their structure just inside their perimeter gear teeth 180. These holes 182 are designed to hold the ends of self rotating kabob rods 184. Each kabob hole 182 is essentially circular hole passing through the spit plate 172174 with four evenly spaced semicircular lobes 214 carved into its perimeter.
Engaging these kabob holes 182 are self-rotating kabob rods 184. Each kabob rod 184 has a pointed end 216, and an end with a drive cam 218 and retaining spring 220. The kabob rods 184 work by the spit assembly 170 first being put together with the spit rod holding tubes 192 on the second spit plate 174 being pushed over the pointed ends of the two spit rods 176178 projecting from the first spit plate 172.
Each kabob rod 184 to be used is then loaded with food by skewering the food onto the kabob rod 184 using its pointed end 216. Any number of kabob rods 184 may be used at any one time, from one up to the spit assembly's 170 capacity of eight.
To insert a kabob rod 184 onto the spit assembly 170, the pointed end 216 of the kabob rod 184 is inserted through a kabob hole 182 in the spit plate 172174 which will be closest to the inner panel 103 of double paneled left wall 30. Then the rod 184 is backed into an opposing hole 182 in the other spit plate 172174 where the retaining spring 220, as its widest 183 part passes through the kabob hole, snaps and retains the kabob rod 184 from side to side movement away from or toward either spit plate 172174 similar to the way a clothing snap works. This insertion process is easy and intuitive and is repeated for each kabob rod 184 to be used.
Insertion of the kabob rods 184 onto the spit assembly 170 may be done while the spit assembly 170 is outside of the enclosure 20 or while it is placed in a track position inside the enclosure 20, such, as an example, as being placed in the rest position 168.
The spit assembly 170 with attached kabob rods 184 is then inserted into the low heat track position 122, and the embodiment turned on by setting the cooking time on the timer 222 and turning the control switch 224 to the “Normal Heat Rotation” position.
As shown in
The four lobes 214 in each of the spit plate 172174 kabob holes 182 help stop each kabob rod 184 at even one-quarter turn intervals, and also help prevent a kabob rod 184 from rotating in its kabob hole 182 when it is not being driven by the drive gear 208 pushing on the kabob rod cam 218.
This kabob rod 184 automatic rotation results in all sides of the kabob rod cooked food being cooked evenly, unlike in most rotisserie kabob cooking where one side of the kabob food gets cooked more than the opposite side.
The kabob rods 184 on the preferred embodiment are better than others commonly available for several reasons. First, they 184 may automatically rotate, as explained above, which cooks kabob foods more evenly on all sides than non-rotating rods.
Second, one, or up to the spit wheel's capacity of eight kabob rods, can be in use at any time. Some kabob rods require the entire transport wheel to be loaded with kabob rods in order to operate.
Third, the rods 184 can be inserted or removed while the rods 184 are inside the cooking cavity 104. Many kabob rods require a lot of space to be inserted or removed from their transport wheel, and thus they could not be inserted and removed from inside a confined cooking space.
Next, the rods 184 are very efficient in space utilization and allow foods to be placed along most of the rod's 184 entire length. Along with this, the rod's 184 means of attaching to their transport wheels 172174 is compact and therefor allows more room for cooking foods with less wasted space for attachment to the transport wheels 172174. Many kabob rods use a substantial portion of their length for coupling which limits their cooking space.
And the kabob rods 184 intuitively snap into place which makes them easy to use. This also generally removes the need for user instructions. Many kabob rods have complicated coupling mechanisms which are both difficult to use and require detailed user instructions.
The rods 184 offer the ability for each rod 184 to automatically rotate or remain stationary at the user's discretion and in any combination (i.e. 3 rotating and 2 remaining stationary all simultaneously) simply by the user facing the rod's cam 218 toward or away from the drive gear 208 side of the cooking cavity 104. This feature is not found on other kabob red designs.
And when the rods 184 are stationary, bacon, slabs of baby back ribs or other foods may be wrapped around and clipped to the rods in drum-like fashion for fast even cooking.
As most clearly shown in
This heat coil 110, unlike heating elements in conventional ovens which turn on and off under thermostatic control, may remain constantly on during cooking. This minimizes cooking times and simplifies embodiment construction when compared to rotisseries which cycle on and off while cooking. Alternatively the heat coil 110 may be thermostatically controlled and forgo these advantages.
Through the constantly on heat coil 110, the embodiment is continuously heating air inside the enclosure 20, and is constantly radiating cooking energy. By being constructed to have a heating element 110 which remains constantly on and thus having no thermostat, the preferred embodiment obviates the need for safety devices such as safety thermostats and thermal fuses designed to protect the device if a user set thermostat should fail. This further simplifies construction of the embodiment when compared to most conventional oven constructions.
Some rotisseries place their heating elements or sources of heat below the spit. This may create safety problems from grease fires and flare ups. When grease, oil and residue collected in drip receptacles below the spit become overheated from a heating source located below the spit, smoke and fires can result. When grease, oil or other residue drip or splash onto heating elements, other heat sources, or other hot surfaces, fire and smoke can also result. Heat sources located below the spit also tend to raise the overall height of the rotisserie which may be a problem when it is used in kitchens with cabinets located over their countertops.
Some enclosed rotisseries place their heating source above the spit assembly. These elements, due to their locations, and because both radiant and convection heat given off by the elements tends to rise, are generally less efficient than heat sources placed lower in the cooking enclosure 20. This high position also tends to raise the overall height of the rotisserie which may be a problem when they are used in kitchens with cabinets located over their countertops. This problem is compounded by top mounted heating sources superheating the top of the cooking enclosure 20 which in turn may cause heat damage to over-counter cabinets. Such superheating may also create heat and fire safety hazards.
Both low and roof mounted heating elements, because they may have their heat sources located near the middle or front of the rotisserie, may create an increased potential for users burning their hands when inserting and removing foods from the rotisserie enclosure when compared to a back mounted heating element.
By the preferred embodiment placing its heating element in the back 26 of the enclosure 20, risk is minimized that a user will burn themselves on the element 110 or element heated hot surfaces.
By the preferred embodiment placing its heating element mid way between the floor 22 and ceiling 24 of the embodiment enclosure 20, problems of both low and high mounted heat sources are overcome. As an example, this mid way heating element 110 location helps minimize the overall height of the embodiment, and greatly reduces any chance of smoke and fires from the contents of the drip pan becoming overheated or from grease, oil or other residues splashing onto heat coil 110 or heat coil warmed hot surfaces.
When compared to roof mounted heat elements, this mid location also reduces the temperature of the roof 24 of the embodiment, thus reducing the risk of heat damage to over-counter cabinets and the risk of burning users on the roof 24
This mid location in the preferred embodiment is also generally more efficient in conveying cooking energy than heat coils mounted above the spit assembly 170.
This mid location, when compared to heat elements located above or below the spit which generally are closer to the front of the enclosure, also tends to reduce the temperature on the outside of the front door 32, including the front door 32 glass, which in turn reduces the risk a user will burn themselves on these surfaces.
The mid heat element 110 location in general, when compared to heat element locations above or below the spit assembly, reduces all temperatures on the forward exterior of the enclosure 20 where users are most likely to come in contact and potentially burn themselves. This in general reduces user safety hazards both directly from burning themselves on the enclosure 20 or from accidents, such as accidentally dropping hot food, after unintentional contact with such hot enclosure 20 surfaces.
Located directly behind the heating element 110, and held in place by the left 230 and right 232 heater element support brackets, is a removable cleaning shield 234. During rotisserie cooking, grease, oil and residue may be splattered off food as the food becomes heated in front of the heating element 110. Thus the area behind and adjacent to the heating element 110 tends to get dirty. Heat from the heating element 110 bakes on the grease, oil and residue and makes cleanup difficult.
The cleaning shield 234 may be coated with a nonstick ceramic coating similar to that used in many of today's nonstick fry pans. This coating is medium gray in color and thus tends not to show when it is dirty.
However, when it becomes dirty, the cleaning shield 234 is easy to clean simply by gripping the shield 234 by its bent-over top edge 236 and pulling it up and forward 235 and out of the enclosure 20. Once thus removed, the shield 234 may be washed in a sink or dishwasher. Reinserting the cleaning shield 234 is accomplished by reversing the removal process.
By being behind and adjacent to the heating element 110, the cleaning shield 234 receives radiant heat from the element 110. When compared to a shiny surface cleaning shield placed behind the heating element 110, the medium gray ceramic coating on the cleaning shield 234 has been found to cook foods as fast or even faster than their shiny counterparts.
Although definitive tests have not been performed to prove the theory, it appears there are two reasons for this unexpected cooking efficiency. First, the medium gray ceramic nonstick coated cleaning shield 234 gets hotter than a similar shiny cleaning shield. This in turn raises the interior air temperature of the enclosure 20 which in turn reduces cooking times.
Second, radiant energy striking the medium gray ceramic nonstick coated cleaning shield is reradiated at a lower infrared frequency than radiant energy striking a shiny cleaning shield. This lower frequency tends to absorb quicker and deeper into foods which in turn results in shorter cooking times.
These same cook time reducing features can be found with other cleaning shield coatings. As an example, self-cleaning oven interior coatings similar to those found in the DeLonge Alfredo Toaster Oven which today is widely available in U.S. department stores such as Robinson-May and Macy's, show similar advantages and require even less cleanup than nonstick ceramic coatings.
The nonstick ceramic coating on the cleaning shield 234, by not readily showing when it is dirty, reduces the amount of cleaning that the cleaning shield 234 requires. This same coating, when compared to other surfaces, makes cleaning the shield much easier. Cleaning ease is also greatly enhanced by the cleaning shield 234 being easy to remove from and reinsert into the enclosure 20.
As mentioned earlier, the heating element 110 in the preferred embodiment remains constantly on during rotisserie cooking which creates hot air which must be safely vented from the enclosure's 20 interior.
Directly behind the heat shield 234, on the curved center wall section 34 connecting the back 26 of the enclosure 20 to the roof 24 of the enclosure 20, are upward facing vents 238. These vents 238 allow air heated by the constantly operating heating element to escape the enclosure's 20 interior. These louvered vents 238 are indented inward with their openings at the top of the indent.
This arrangement of upward facing louvers 238 reduces potential heat damage to overhead cabinets when compared to more conventional indented louvers with their openings at the bottom of the indent. This is because hot air must first rise above the louver 238 and then exit by dropping down into the louver 238 opening rather than simply rising directly through the louver opening.
Forcing the hot air to first rise and then drop, reduces its velocity and creates turbulence which breaks up potentially damaging concentrated streams of fast moving exiting hot air.
Placing the vents 238 on the curved wall section 34 connecting the back 26 of the enclosure 20 with the enclosure's roof 24, when compared to placing the vents on the back 26 or the roof 24 of the enclosure 20, helps hot air exit away from backing walls the embodiment might be placed against, or exit away from overhead cabinets the embodiment might be placed under. Exiting hot air also tends to follow along the curved wall section 34 breaking away slowly and this further disperses hot air concentration.
There are gaps 240242244246 between the glass door 32 and the frame 116 it rests against on all four sides of the door 32. The gaps on the lower side of the glass door 32 generally allow cool air to enter the enclosure's 20 interior, and the gaps around the upper section of the glass door 32 generally allow hot air to exit from inside the enclosure 20. This air movement helps control interior enclosure 20 temperatures which might otherwise rise to unacceptable levels due to the heat element 110 remaining constantly on during rotisserie cooking.
The gaps 240242 between the door frame 116 and the glass door 32 are exceptionally wide on both the left 242 and right 240 sides of the glass door 32. Hot air exiting out these left 242 and right 240 side gaps is dispersed and broken up by these exceptionally wide gaps 240242 being inclined with the glass door 32 which help form the side gaps 240242. Such dispersion and breakup of the hot air rising from the inclined side gaps 240242 helps prevent heat damage to overhead cabinets which the embodiment might be placed under.
The interior temperature of the enclosure 20 is controlled by the venting already described both on the curved wall 34 connecting the back 26 wall of the enclosure 20 with the roof 24 of the enclosure 20 and the venting from the gaps 240242244246 surrounding the door. An equilibrium is reached involving the cooking energy supplied by heating element 110, a cooling affect from the cooler temperature of the food being cooked, the amount of venting, and the ambient air temperature of the room in which the embodiment is operating. In the final stages of food cooking the preferred embodiment is engineered to produce an air temperature measured near the center of the enclosure's 20 interior of around 250 to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Such a temperature, when compared to both warmer and cooler cooking temperatures, has been found to produce exceptionally satisfactory results in rotisserie cooked food taste and texture.
An alternate form of controlling cooking temperatures is shown in
Other vents 268 at the top of the double paneled right side wall 28 direct 280 the warm air moved by the fan 258 out 280 over the metal roof 24 of the enclosure 20 thus cooling the roof 24 and lowering its temperature to reduce the risks of burns from users accidentally touching the roof 24 when it is hot. Air from these vents 268 is blocked when the warming/steaming tray unit 144 is placed on top 24 of the enclosure 20 thus increasing the heat on the metal roof 24 and allowing the warming/steaming tray unit 144 to function in its normal way. Other vents may be placed in other locations around the double paneled right side wall 28, such as example adjacent to the curved metal section 34 or back 26 of the enclosure, to help vent the interior of the enclosure 20 and reduce the chances of accidental burns from a user touching that section 3426 by mistake.
The enclosure 20 is generally symmetrical side to side when viewed from the front. However there a few exceptions to this. First, there is a control/motor housing 248 mounted to the outside panel 99 of the double paneled right side wall 28. The control/motor housing 248 has a power cord 250 extending out its back and contains within it: a three hour mechanical timer 222, a control switch 224, and a gear reduced 210 motor 212 which powers the drive gear 208, referred to earlier, projecting through the interior panel 101 of the double paneled right side wall 28. The heat element 110, as described earlier, also projects from the interior panel 101 of the double paneled right side wall 28 and is supported by brackets 230232 attached to both the right interior side wall 101 and the left interior side wall 103. There too is a light 98 and light reflector 106 mounted between the interior 101 and exterior 99 panels of the double paneled right side wall 28 which lights the interior of the enclosure 20 through a translucent glass cover 100 disposed on the interior wall 101 of the double paneled right side wall 28. This light 98 has a red lens 112 which extends from the light 98 through the light reflector 106 and exterior right panel 99 to the outside of the double paneled right side wall 28.
The control/motor housing 248, as just described, is attached to the outer panel 99 of the double paneled right side wall 28. Instead of mounting the controls 222224 on the front face of the embodiment as most conventional ovens do, the preferred embodiment mounts its controls 222224 more than one-third the way back on its right side. It also mounts the control/motor housing 248 above the bottom of the embodiment, so that more than one-eighth of the outer panel of the double paneled right side wall 28 is left exposed under the control/motor cover 248 to allow items on the countertop 42 on which the embodiment might rest to move and reside under the control/motor housing 248.
Placing the controls 222224 in a separate housing 248 and placing the housing 248 more than a third of the way back on the side and more than an eighth of the way up the side of the cooking enclosure 20 has been found to maximize valuable useable counter space while simultaneously not significantly impairing the accessibility, usability, or required visibility of the controls.
Adding to this accessibility, usability and required visibility of the controls 222224, the surface on which they are displayed is inclined, and inclined both in plan and side views. Such double inclination, by facing the controls 222224 toward the user whose eyes and hands are generally disposed above and to the right side of the enclosure 20, helps in both the viewing and the use of the controls 222224.
Two devices control the embodiment's operation. The first is a mechanical three hour count down timer 222. This windup timer 222 allows the embodiment to operate for up to three hours without having to reset the timer 222. An electronic digital can be substituted to perform the same function. Three hours is appropriate because a fifteen pound turkey takes about 12 minutes per pound to cook or about three hours in total. Thus three hours may accommodate such a large item without having excess time which might result in timer inaccuracies and loss of safety advantages. As an example, a four hour mechanical timer might have its time markings closer together on its dial and might have a mechanism which is inherently less accurate than a three hour timer. Both of these conditions would reduce the timing accuracy for the user. And safety might be reduced it the user could leave the embodiment for four, five, or six hours, instead of only three hours maximum.
The second control device is a control switch 224 which regulates the functions of the heat element 110, the gear reduced motor 212, and the light 98. The control switch 224 is only functional when the timer 222 is set and running with time on it. As shown in
The second control switch position 254, titled “Normal Rotation”, is used for rotisserie cooking. In this control switch position 254 the gear reduced motor 212, the heat element 110, and the light 98 all remain on. The light 98 being on, along with light shining through the red lens 112, indicates to the user that the heating element 110 is on and receiving electricity. In the second control switch position 254, foods are rotisserie cooked for the amount of time set on the timer 222.
The third control switch position 256, titled “Pause to Sear”, is used to brown or sear the surfaces of foods. In this control switch position 256, the gear reduced motor 212 is turned off, thus stopping the spit assembly 170 from rotating, but the heat element 110, and the light 98 remain on. Using this switch position 256 involves rotating the food using either of the other two control switch positions 252254 until the side of the food to be browned or seared faces the heating element 110, and then turning the control switch 224 to the “Pause to Sear” position 256. The food will brown or sear in this position 256 until the time set on the timer 222 expires.
Circuits to perform the functions described herein are well know to one knowledgeable in the art and thus are not described in this document.
Besides the countdown timer and control switch, the gear reduced motor is enclosed in the control/motor housing. Although many types of motors and gear transmissions might be suitable, a half inch stack shaded pole motor with spur and helical reduction has been found to produce particularly satisfactory results in the larger size embodiment whose dimensions have been described earlier
The smaller embodiment, whose dimensions were described earlier, might use a less powerful, and therefore less expensive motor, such as a gear reduced synchronous motor. Synchronous motors have an advantage in generally producing less noise than generally larger shaded pole motors and other motors commonly used in rotisseries. Use of the spit plate as an extra large and durable final drive gear allows use of synchronous motors which usually have less durable transmissions than those used on the more expensive shaded pole motors.
Several accessories can fit on the spit assembly. As an example as shown in
The lid 272 of the basket 270 is fitted with a fixed wire tab 274 on one side and a finger retractable wire tab 276 on the opposite side. Each tab fits into one of several slots 278280 defined by wires on each side of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270. Thus the lid 272 may be adjusted to clamp onto and hold during rotisserie cooking several different thicknesses of foods.
There is a certain degree of springiness in the lid 272 and the lower part 282 of the basket 270, and this springiness allows the food 284 being held in the basket 270 to be clamped under pressure between the lid 272 and the lower part 282 of the basket 270 so that the food 284 is prevented from shifting while cooking. The same springiness allows different thicknesses of food to be held securely at the same time. Helping this ability to accommodate different thickness food simultaneously, the fixed tab 274 and the finger retractable tab 276 may each be inserted at different heights above the floor 286 of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270.
Securing food in the basket 270 is a simple process. The food 284 is first placed on the floor 286 of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270. The fixed wire tab 274 on the lid 272 is slid into 283 one of the slots 278 on the side of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270. The slot 278 chosen, and hence the height of the lid 272 above the floor 286 adjacent to the fixed wire tab 274, should be slightly lower than the height of the food 284 directly adjacent to the slot 278.
The finger retractable wire tab 276 is then retracted 288 by squeezing on the movable 290 and fixed 292 handles of the finger retractable wire tab 276. The finger retractable wire tab 276 side of the lid 272 is then lowered 294 to clamp the food and the retractable wire tab 288 inserted into one of the slots 280 on the side of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270 by releasing finger pressure on the movable 290 and fixed 292 handles of the finger retractable wire tab 276.
Attaching the basket to the spit assembly 170 is done by simply inserting the two spit rods 176178 through four integral semicircular loops 296 which are part of the dished out lower part 282 of the basket 270, and then placing the second spit plate 174 over the ends of the spit rods 176178 and inserting the spit assembly 170 with the basket 270 in the normal manner into the cooking cavity 104.
The basket 270 is centered on the spit assembly 170 and fits between the two spit rods 176178. This is different than most spit baskets which either have a spit rod running through their center or are placed off center to the spit assembly rotation axis. Those baskets with a spit rod through their center limit their capacity to cook large flat foods such a steaks and fish. Those baskets which are placed off center to the spit rotation axis cook one side of the foods they contain more thoroughly than the other. By contrast, compared to these alternative designs, the basket of the preferred embodiment cooks food more evenly on both sides and has the ability to hold foods up to the full size of the basket. In the real world, both of these are major advantages in rotisserie cooking.
The fixed 274 and finger retractable tab 276 lid 272 attachment design of the preferred embodiment also has major advantages over other lid latching designs. As an example, many designs adjust to only one thickness of food. The preferred embodiment, through use of two tabs 274276 which fit into separate slots 278280 which individually adjust their heights, not only allows adjustment to different thickness foods, but allows several different thickness foods to be held in the basket 270 simultaneously.
Likewise, in contrast to lid attachment designs which are rigid, the preferred embodiment is springy which allows it not only adjust to different thickness foods being simultaneously held, but allows it also to put clamping pressure on the foods, even foods of different thicknesses, being held in the basket so they won't shift during rotisserie cooking. Shifting foods tend to get damaged and to fall out of the basket. Rigid basket designs generally don't provide this spring loaded clamping pressure.
The finger latching mechanism used on the preferred embodiment is also superior in simplicity and ease of use compared to other basket designs. As an example, the basket on the preferred embodiment may be secured closed with food in it using only one hand. Many other designs require two hands to close and latch.
Such baskets may be made in several different sizes.
A thicker basket, perhaps twice as thick as the previous basket 270 but otherwise similar in shape and dimensions to the previous basket, might be made to hold lobster tails, potatoes, and other larger vegetables and foods, as well as hold all the kinds of foods the previous basket 270 might hold.
Such a thick basket might also be made which would only extend out to the perimeters of the first 172 and second 174 spit plates. Such a basket might be used when it is mounted to the spit assembly 170 and the spit assembly 170 is supported in the high heat position 202, closer to the heat coil 110 where the reduced size would now allow the basket to clear. It would hold all the same foods the previous two described baskets could, but in smaller amounts. In return for these smaller amounts due to its restricted size, this basket would cook foods faster when it was placed in the high heat position. 202 This basket could also be used in the low heat position 122 if slower cooking speeds were desirable.
A thinner version of this high heat basket might also be made for use where food thickness was not a factor.
As illustrated in
This container can also be used with or without rotation but without heat inside the embodiment to marinate meats and vegetables by simply putting the meats or vegetables into the container 298 along with a marinade or rub and leaving the timer 222 in the off position or turning on the timer and placing the switch into the “No Heat Rotation” position. The rotary movement, if used, helps the marinade penetrate all sides of the meats or vegetables or helps the rubs coat all sides of the meats or vegetables with little or no intervention on the part of the user.
This accessory comprises a spit assembly 170 mounted cylindrical tubular housing 300 with at least one opening on one end, such opening 302 which may be covered by a lid or door when cooking. Several agitation blades 304 project from the interior surfaces of the cylindrical housing 300, and help move and direct food inside the housing 300 while the housing 300 is being rotated.
As shown in
A shape other than cylindrical may be used for the tubular housing 300 of the rotary cooking container 298. As examples, the tubular housing might be squarcle (cross between a square and a circle like an old television screen), square, pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular, or other shape in cross section.
To use this accessory 298, the user mounts the tubular housing 300 onto the spit rods 176178, puts food and possibly cooking oil, spices, etc. inside the housing 300 though the hole 302 or holes 302 in the ends 306308 of the housing 300, caps the housing 300 if a cap or door is to be used, and places the spit assembly 170, including the rotary cooking container 298 with its food contents, into the low 122 or high heat 202 spit mounting positions inside the enclosure 20.
The cooking process which follows this is like normal rotisserie cooking, except foods can be tumbled as they cook inside the container, and if cooking oil is present, a form of stir frying may be performed.
The rotary cooking container 298 may be fabricated from stamped, rolled or cast metal, or from glass or from other appropriate materials well known in the art.
An alternative rotary cooking container 299 is shown in
A liquid tight door 311 covers an opening 313 in the side of the container 299 through which the container 299 may be loaded and unloaded. Steam and expanding and contracting gasses are vented through a small vent hole 315 located adjacent to one of the integral stub axles 303.
This alternative rotary container 299 has large useable capacity because there are no spit rods running through its center. It also may be very easy to load and unload due to the large opening 313 in its side. It also has the added advantage that no assembly is required, the container is complete and does not require a spit assembly 170 to be placed through its center to operate. And this container 299 may be used for all the same function of the rotary cooking container shown in
Either the rotary cooking container shown in
Inserting and removing foods into and from the cooking cavity 104 of the preferred embodiment is typically an easy process. However, the preferred embodiment includes a pair of gloves 310 shown in
A user may lift foods, such as chickens, turkeys, steaks, ribs or vegetables, which are either mounted or not mounted on the spit assembly, both into or out of the preferred embodiment's cooking cavity 104, when the food is either hot or cold, using the gloves 310.
The gloves 310 prevent the user's hands from getting dirty or greasy and help protect the user from getting burned when handling hot foods.
The gloves 310 also simplify handling cooked and uncooked foods in general, and make easier the mounting and releasing foods to and from the spit assembly by removing concerns the user might have of getting dirty and greasy, and getting burned when directly using his or her hands to help perform these tasks. The gloves 310 can also help protect the user from cuts which the might get using knives or other kitchen utensils, or from the spit rods 176178 and other rotisseries parts and accessories.
The gloves 310 are washable simply by placing them under running water and possibly using a little soap or detergent to help remove grease.
The gloves 310 are formed as normal four finger one thumb gloves, however they may also be formed as mitts with only one separation between thumb and finger enclosure areas, or they may have separations for every two or three fingers etc.
Unlike the gloves 310 that come with the preferred embodiment, conventional cooking gloves and mitts can not protect a user from hot grease, liquids and oils when directly handing rotisserie cooked foods, nor can such gloves and mitts be easily cleaned.
Also, unlike the gloves 310 that come with the preferred embodiment, conventional cooking gloves and mitts generally do not extend over the user's wrists and lower arms and thus do not provide protection against burns in these areas which approach hot cooking cavity walls while the user is reaching into the rotisserie cooking cavity to mount or unmount the spit assembly and for other reasons.
What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment of the present inventions. It is not intended to show all possible applications for the inventions nor should it to be deemed as limiting the scope of protection afforded to the present inventions. Such scope is defined by the claims appended hereto and their legally interpreted protection. Many variations may be made which exhibit the present inventions but do not literally duplicate all or parts of the embodiments described herein.
As examples: scale and proportions may be changed to provide increase capacity or more efficient use of available space; materials may be changed such as use of cast or stamped metals, or use of glass or thermoset or thermoform plastics to form the enclosure 20 or parts therein such as the spit plates 172174 and drip pan 120 or other parts; other types of motors might be used such as PM dc motors, universal motors, inductance motors, synchronous motors, etc.; pots, pans, fry pans etc. might be used for heating foods on top 24 of the enclosure 20 either to augment the warming/steaming tray unit 144 or in place of it; curved glass might be substituted for the single flat panel of glass 64 used in the inclined door 32; the control/motor housing 248 might be round, square or other shape in side view; the light 98 might be placed in other parts of the enclosure such as in the forward upper corner; electronics and possibly remote controlled electronics might be used to control the oven; bigger or smaller diameter spit plates 172174 might be used to give more kabob locations and better mechanical drive advantages or make handling of the spit assembly 170 easier; other types of handles 90 might be used on the door 32 such as a more conventional center handle or handles extending from the sides of the door 32, or a handle going the full width of the top of the door; materials other than glass might be used for the door 32 such as plastic or metal.
Such changes are in the spirit of the present inventions which are limited by the claims herein and their legal interpretations.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/286,621, filed Nov. 2, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,484 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,565, filed Feb. 15, 2001, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/662,308, filed Sep. 15, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,393,972, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/436,614, filed Nov. 9, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,645, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/217,944, filed Dec. 21, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,390. The entire disclosure and contents of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 199712 | Horrocks et al. | Jan 1878 | A |
| 251657 | Van | Dec 1881 | A |
| 257609 | Porter | May 1882 | A |
| 427671 | Carpenter | May 1890 | A |
| 442758 | Soden | Dec 1890 | A |
| 504256 | Strong | Aug 1893 | A |
| 553363 | Sickels | Jan 1896 | A |
| 559720 | Lacroix | May 1896 | A |
| 616694 | Arnold | Dec 1898 | A |
| 693725 | Leland | Feb 1902 | A |
| 714430 | Worley et al. | Nov 1902 | A |
| 807162 | Gardner | Dec 1905 | A |
| 848018 | Engelhard | Mar 1907 | A |
| 904382 | Van Patten | Nov 1908 | A |
| 961543 | Sidgreaves | Jun 1910 | A |
| 1045049 | Longfellow et al. | Nov 1912 | A |
| 1063516 | Dunn et al. | Jun 1913 | A |
| 1093883 | Raillere | Apr 1914 | A |
| 1282195 | Crary | Oct 1918 | A |
| 1584121 | Moecker, Jr. et al. | May 1926 | A |
| 1666394 | Miglin | Apr 1928 | A |
| 1723704 | Morgan | Aug 1929 | A |
| 1786300 | Harrison | Dec 1930 | A |
| 1976989 | Grimes | Oct 1934 | A |
| 1993607 | Kalgren | Mar 1935 | A |
| 2012811 | Duffy | Aug 1935 | A |
| 2048769 | Anderson | Jul 1936 | A |
| 2085169 | Prood | Jun 1937 | A |
| 2102097 | Sherman | Dec 1937 | A |
| 2130259 | Bonaguidi | Sep 1938 | A |
| 2133667 | Mitchell | Oct 1938 | A |
| 2136658 | Westberg et al. | Nov 1938 | A |
| 2142390 | Zerr | Jan 1939 | A |
| 2245220 | Nelson | Jun 1941 | A |
| 2297825 | Bobo | Oct 1942 | A |
| 2472164 | Mannheimer | Jun 1949 | A |
| 2501104 | Smith | Mar 1950 | A |
| 2502685 | Warner | Apr 1950 | A |
| 2565967 | Jones | Aug 1951 | A |
| 2607286 | Krissel | Aug 1952 | A |
| 2616360 | Thompson | Nov 1952 | A |
| 2618730 | Panken | Nov 1952 | A |
| 2619951 | Kahn | Dec 1952 | A |
| 2638841 | Boyce | May 1953 | A |
| 2649852 | McCandles | Aug 1953 | A |
| 2664490 | Allgeyer | Dec 1953 | A |
| 2681001 | Smith | Jun 1954 | A |
| 2696163 | Galley | Dec 1954 | A |
| 2701516 | Dorsey | Feb 1955 | A |
| 2705450 | Steinbook | Apr 1955 | A |
| 2722882 | Wilson | Nov 1955 | A |
| 2727315 | Candor | Dec 1955 | A |
| 2754401 | Edelman | Jul 1956 | A |
| 2759411 | Jenson | Aug 1956 | A |
| 2760428 | Boyajian | Aug 1956 | A |
| 2762293 | Boyajian | Sep 1956 | A |
| 2809579 | Theisen | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2811099 | McGoldrick | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2815707 | Morrow | Dec 1957 | A |
| 2821187 | Tescula | Jan 1958 | A |
| 2827847 | Shafter | Mar 1958 | A |
| 2828733 | Moore, Jr. | Apr 1958 | A |
| 2831420 | Radman | Apr 1958 | A |
| 2831421 | Mele | Apr 1958 | A |
| 2839989 | Persinger | Jun 1958 | A |
| 2846941 | Goodwin | Aug 1958 | A |
| 2851575 | Walston et al. | Sep 1958 | A |
| 2867163 | Bloom | Jan 1959 | A |
| 2882812 | Greenwald | Apr 1959 | A |
| 2885950 | Stoll et al. | May 1959 | A |
| 2887944 | Walker | May 1959 | A |
| 2888872 | Bathe | Jun 1959 | A |
| 2895408 | Glenny | Jul 1959 | A |
| 2898437 | McFarland | Aug 1959 | A |
| 2917988 | Harris | Dec 1959 | A |
| 2925081 | Shooter | Feb 1960 | A |
| 2938450 | Carpenter et al. | May 1960 | A |
| 2939383 | Kanaga | Jun 1960 | A |
| 2940380 | Rampel | Jun 1960 | A |
| 2979053 | Crispell et al. | Apr 1961 | A |
| 2983218 | Persinger et al. | May 1961 | A |
| 3025783 | Coudek | Mar 1962 | A |
| 3045581 | Bernstein | Jul 1962 | A |
| 3074360 | Vaughan | Jan 1963 | A |
| 3079208 | Compton | Feb 1963 | A |
| 3085500 | Russell | Apr 1963 | A |
| 3100435 | Mobley, Jr. | Aug 1963 | A |
| 3103161 | Whitehead | Sep 1963 | A |
| 3104605 | McKinney | Sep 1963 | A |
| 3121424 | Russell | Feb 1964 | A |
| 3125015 | Schlaegel | Mar 1964 | A |
| 3126814 | Brown | Mar 1964 | A |
| 3127889 | Mills | Apr 1964 | A |
| 3129653 | Kertesz | Apr 1964 | A |
| D199712 | Elliott | Dec 1964 | S |
| 3181453 | Moran | May 1965 | A |
| 3182585 | Rensch et al. | May 1965 | A |
| 3188939 | Smith | Jun 1965 | A |
| 3196776 | Norton | Jul 1965 | A |
| 3205812 | Booth | Sep 1965 | A |
| 3215338 | Schirmer | Nov 1965 | A |
| 3240147 | Farber et al. | Mar 1966 | A |
| 3248518 | Ogle, Jr. et al. | Apr 1966 | A |
| 3269299 | Nielsen | Aug 1966 | A |
| 3276351 | Sundholm | Oct 1966 | A |
| 3235238 | Norlie | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3298301 | Lowndes | Jan 1967 | A |
| 3315591 | Elliott | Apr 1967 | A |
| 3329082 | Satkunas | Jul 1967 | A |
| 3333529 | Wilson | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3335712 | Marasco | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3348471 | Lackenbauer et al. | Oct 1967 | A |
| 3355573 | Wilson | Nov 1967 | A |
| 3362320 | Marasco | Jan 1968 | A |
| 3473464 | Lasker | Oct 1969 | A |
| 3503323 | Swetlitz | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3511170 | O'Connor | May 1970 | A |
| 3527155 | Renn | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3529536 | Milhem | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3559565 | Getz | Feb 1971 | A |
| 3566777 | Koziol | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3070953 | Leventhal | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3693538 | Synder | Sep 1972 | A |
| 3732803 | Buxmann | May 1973 | A |
| 3734740 | Zenos | May 1973 | A |
| 3782268 | Navarro | Jan 1974 | A |
| 3797379 | Brion | Mar 1974 | A |
| 3802331 | Zickefoose | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3805762 | Nelson | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3807292 | Cinger | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3812840 | Whaler | May 1974 | A |
| 3838538 | Burford | Oct 1974 | A |
| 3848522 | Trelc | Nov 1974 | A |
| 3867605 | Yee | Feb 1975 | A |
| 3867877 | Zajc | Feb 1975 | A |
| 3893442 | Nuss | Jul 1975 | A |
| 3901136 | Wilson et al. | Aug 1975 | A |
| 3931758 | Blake | Jan 1976 | A |
| 3935806 | Connolly | Feb 1976 | A |
| 3935807 | Main et al. | Feb 1976 | A |
| 3939761 | McGinty | Feb 1976 | A |
| 3943837 | Trkla | Mar 1976 | A |
| 3959620 | Stephen, Jr. | May 1976 | A |
| 3980010 | Collinucci | Sep 1976 | A |
| 4005646 | Krüper | Feb 1977 | A |
| 4051838 | Pinckney | Oct 1977 | A |
| 4089258 | Berger | May 1978 | A |
| 4103605 | Hemborg et al. | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4103606 | Gitcho | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4106473 | Wandel | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4114523 | Eff | Sep 1978 | A |
| 4119020 | Sharp et al. | Oct 1978 | A |
| 4154154 | Vivian | May 1979 | A |
| 4158992 | Malafouris | Jun 1979 | A |
| 4163894 | Scherer | Aug 1979 | A |
| 4165683 | Van Gilst | Aug 1979 | A |
| 4165684 | Wallace | Aug 1979 | A |
| 4176592 | Doyle, Jr. | Dec 1979 | A |
| 4181074 | Hieb | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4214516 | Friedl et al. | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4244979 | Roderick | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4250955 | Plattner et al. | Feb 1981 | A |
| 4270444 | Geissmann | Jun 1981 | A |
| 4286133 | Einset et al. | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4300443 | Morcos et al. | Nov 1981 | A |
| 4301718 | Lewinger et al. | Nov 1981 | A |
| 4304177 | Loeffler et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4321857 | Best | Mar 1982 | A |
| 4327274 | White et al. | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4335289 | Smith | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4355569 | Sage | Oct 1982 | A |
| 4355626 | Bailey et al. | Oct 1982 | A |
| 4366750 | Brown et al. | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4372199 | Brown et al. | Feb 1983 | A |
| 4407189 | Bentson | Oct 1983 | A |
| 4409452 | Oouchi et al. | Oct 1983 | A |
| 4410553 | McGinty | Oct 1983 | A |
| 4418261 | Jailor et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4421016 | Sich | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4442763 | Beller | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4450758 | Belinkoff et al. | May 1984 | A |
| 4454805 | Matthews | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4455319 | Clark | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4455928 | Townsend | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4470343 | Didier | Sep 1984 | A |
| 4483241 | Vaughn | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4491065 | Poulson | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4505195 | Waltman | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4508024 | Perkins | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4520791 | Chamberlain | Jun 1985 | A |
| 4548130 | Diener et al. | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4555986 | Eisenberg | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4556046 | Riffel et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4562771 | Williams | Jan 1986 | A |
| 4572062 | Widdowson | Feb 1986 | A |
| 4583452 | Grosse | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4585661 | Brummett | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4591683 | Eke | May 1986 | A |
| 4600254 | Whalen | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4625634 | Krüper | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4661669 | Matsushima et al. | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4688541 | Stephen et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4717802 | Colato | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4726352 | Radke | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4743737 | Tateishi | May 1988 | A |
| 4817514 | Hitch et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4839186 | Boyle | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4867051 | Schalk | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4870896 | Asahina et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4886044 | Best | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4889972 | Chang | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4924766 | Hitch | May 1990 | A |
| 4968515 | Burkett et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4986174 | Gongwer | Jan 1991 | A |
| 5001971 | Beller | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5038748 | Lockwood et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5039535 | Lang et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5044262 | Burkett et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5058493 | Basek et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5134927 | McCarthy, III. et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5136933 | Derakhshan | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5146842 | Romano | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5148737 | Poulson | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5163358 | Hanagan et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5172628 | Pillsbury et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5176124 | Wrasse | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5182981 | Wilcox | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5184540 | Riccio | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5193444 | Bar-Sheshet | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5203252 | Hsieh | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5205207 | McGuire | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5205208 | Gongwer | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5235148 | Yamaguchi et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5235903 | Tippmann | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5275095 | Van Haren | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5297534 | Louden | Mar 1994 | A |
| D347762 | Bannigan | Jun 1994 | S |
| 5325767 | Beller | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5361685 | Riccio | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5361686 | Koopman | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5367950 | Sarich | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5373778 | Moreth | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5373809 | Sphar | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5379685 | Krasznai | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5390588 | Krasznai et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5404795 | Coble | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5405627 | Ito | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5410948 | Eickmeyer | May 1995 | A |
| 5410950 | Rone | May 1995 | A |
| 5417148 | Cavallo | May 1995 | A |
| 5427015 | Zittel | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5429042 | Koopman | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5431093 | Dodgen | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5441037 | Yen | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5442999 | Meister | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5445064 | Lopata | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5445065 | Lopata | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5447096 | Bürge et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5447620 | Pagnac et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5451744 | Koopman et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5465653 | Riccio | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5469782 | Wong | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5471914 | Krasznai et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5471915 | Lopata | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5473977 | Koether et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5477029 | Skutt et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5485780 | Koether et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5497697 | Promny | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5515773 | Bullard | May 1996 | A |
| 5515774 | Swisher et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5518127 | Warmack et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5533440 | Sher | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5545874 | Hansson | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5560285 | Moreth | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5562022 | Schmid et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5566997 | Lin | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5575196 | Masel et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579681 | Ubert et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5588353 | Glucksman et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5592869 | Zittel | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5598582 | Andrews et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5598769 | Luebke et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5601070 | Hotard et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5611265 | Ronci et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5619909 | Volk | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5632098 | Finch | May 1997 | A |
| 5632265 | Koziol | May 1997 | A |
| 5634559 | Foos et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5639497 | Bedford et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5665258 | Hsu | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669290 | Natsumi et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5671659 | Swindle | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5697289 | Hackett | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5715744 | Coutant | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5716657 | Liebermann | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5720217 | Pappas | Feb 1998 | A |
| D391799 | Haring et al. | Mar 1998 | S |
| 5726424 | Koether | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5727719 | Veliz et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5735191 | Russell et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5740722 | Emsens | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5740724 | Fabrikant et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5746116 | Smith | May 1998 | A |
| 5761991 | Kambies | Jun 1998 | A |
| D395980 | Boisselier | Jul 1998 | S |
| 5778766 | Wang | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5780815 | Mestnik et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5785046 | Colla | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5793610 | Schmitt et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5798505 | Lee | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5799569 | Moreth | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5801357 | Danen | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5801362 | Pearlman et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5802962 | Goldyn | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5809995 | Kobayashi et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5819639 | Spell | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5837980 | Henning | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5845563 | Haring et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5881640 | Rævsager | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5887513 | Fielding et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5908576 | Henning | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5910332 | Fakieh | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5918534 | Medina | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5918589 | Valle et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5957557 | Langer et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5961866 | Hansen | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5970854 | Tsai | Oct 1999 | A |
| D415923 | Hermansson | Nov 1999 | S |
| 5974956 | McConnell | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5981926 | Kim | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5997928 | Kaish et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6009797 | Lin | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6023049 | Huang | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6038965 | Thorndyke | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6041694 | Hsu | Mar 2000 | A |
| D422172 | Hsu | Apr 2000 | S |
| 6047633 | Khaytman | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6076453 | Hsu | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6079319 | Doria | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6079322 | Su | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6080967 | Sandor et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6085642 | Terry | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6119586 | Gongwer | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6131505 | Lin | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6138553 | Toebben | Oct 2000 | A |
| D433867 | Hsu | Nov 2000 | S |
| 6142064 | Backus | Nov 2000 | A |
| D434939 | To | Dec 2000 | S |
| 6167800 | Su | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6170390 | Backus | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6173645 | Backus | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6178879 | Park | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6182560 | Andress | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6240838 | Backus | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6250211 | Gongwer | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6250214 | Backus | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6253665 | Backus | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6257128 | Chen | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6265697 | Sen | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6279165 | Kobayashi | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6330855 | Backus | Dec 2001 | B2 |
| 6393972 | Backus | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6408742 | Backus | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6422136 | Backus | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6450087 | Backus | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6536334 | Backus | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6568315 | Backus | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6568316 | Backus | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6658991 | Backus | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6742445 | Backus | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6782805 | Backus | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6782806 | Backus | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6837150 | Backus | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6874408 | Backus | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6965095 | Popeil | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6988445 | Backus | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 7021203 | Backus et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7021204 | Backus | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7138609 | Popeil | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7225729 | Backus | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7225730 | Backus | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 20050178275 | Backus | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20060144248 | Backus | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20070145061 | Backus | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 223335 | Sep 1962 | AT |
| 238395 | Jun 1964 | AU |
| 424144 | May 1967 | CH |
| 603430 | Aug 1978 | CH |
| 662496 | Oct 1987 | CH |
| 657089 | Feb 1938 | DE |
| 1162985 | Feb 1964 | DE |
| 43251 | Nov 1965 | DE |
| 1998600 | Dec 1968 | DE |
| 1429829 | Apr 1969 | DE |
| 1454157 | Aug 1969 | DE |
| 1454014 | Jul 1970 | DE |
| 7047203 | Apr 1971 | DE |
| 1779063 | Oct 1971 | DE |
| 7213693 | Aug 1972 | DE |
| 2307575 | Aug 1973 | DE |
| 2358119 | May 1974 | DE |
| 7407464 | Jul 1974 | DE |
| 2308779 | Sep 1974 | DE |
| 2310390 | Sep 1974 | DE |
| 2425346 | Dec 1975 | DE |
| 2430233 | Jan 1976 | DE |
| 2205703 | Jul 1976 | DE |
| 1679001 | Aug 1976 | DE |
| 2601877 | Jul 1977 | DE |
| 2646811 | Apr 1978 | DE |
| 3000653 | Jul 1981 | DE |
| 3214818 | Nov 1983 | DE |
| 3235985 | Mar 1984 | DE |
| 3401002 | Jul 1985 | DE |
| 3606800 | Sep 1987 | DE |
| 4112325 | Jan 1992 | DE |
| 4226098 | Apr 1993 | DE |
| 4413050 | Jun 1995 | DE |
| 29602405 | Jun 1996 | DE |
| 29909108 | Sep 1999 | DE |
| 29916161 | Feb 2000 | DE |
| 29916242 | Feb 2000 | DE |
| 0281866 | Sep 1988 | EP |
| 0332505 | Sep 1989 | EP |
| 0396470 | Nov 1990 | EP |
| 1222889 | Jul 2002 | EP |
| 1535556 | Jun 2005 | EP |
| 1700550 | Sep 2006 | EP |
| 2029576 | Aug 1992 | ES |
| 853400 | Mar 1940 | FR |
| 853400 | Jan 1947 | FR |
| 1116586 | May 1956 | FR |
| 1218203 | May 1960 | FR |
| 1265159 | May 1961 | FR |
| 1300126 | Jun 1962 | FR |
| 2078609 | Nov 1971 | FR |
| 2276799 | Jan 1976 | FR |
| 2477396 | Sep 1981 | FR |
| 2498915 | Aug 1982 | FR |
| 2603178 | Mar 1988 | FR |
| 2625668 | Jul 1989 | FR |
| 2739 272 | Apr 1997 | FR |
| 478044 | Jan 1938 | GB |
| 850083 | Sep 1960 | GB |
| 880899 | Oct 1961 | GB |
| 996233 | Jun 1965 | GB |
| 1257945 | Dec 1971 | GB |
| 555893 | Jan 1957 | IT |
| 60-49785 | Mar 1985 | JP |
| 61-22133 | Jan 1986 | JP |
| 206810 | Dec 2001 | KR |
| 323756 | May 1970 | SE |
| 500872 | Sep 1994 | SE |
| WO 8604978 | Aug 1986 | WO |
| WO 0028869 | May 2000 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080250940 A1 | Oct 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10286621 | Nov 2002 | US |
| Child | 12025530 | US | |
| Parent | 09784565 | Feb 2001 | US |
| Child | 10286621 | US | |
| Parent | 09662308 | Sep 2000 | US |
| Child | 09784565 | US | |
| Parent | 09436614 | Nov 1999 | US |
| Child | 09662308 | US | |
| Parent | 09217944 | Dec 1998 | US |
| Child | 09436614 | US |
