Patent Application
20230182528
Present embodiments relate to a heating apparatus, a recreational vehicle with such a heating apparatus and to a method for heating fluids in a recreational vehicle, in particular two distinct fluids in a recreational vehicle.
A heating apparatus for a recreational vehicle usually comprises a burner and a heat exchanging unit. While the burner is provided for burning a mixture of fuel gas or liquid and combustion air, the heat exchanging unit is provided for transferring heat from the exhaust gases from the combustion within the burner to one distinct fluid that has to be heated. The fluid to be heated is typically air from the interior of the recreational vehicle and/ or water for sanitary or cooking purposes.
Meanwhile, also several configurations of heating apparatus, in particular for recreational vehicles, are known which are configured to heat distinct fluids more or less independently of each other.
However, the known configurations suffer from several drawbacks. In particular, known configurations often are expensive, require intensive maintenance and are in particular bulky and heavy. Moreover, it is the permanent aim to increase the efficiency of such systems while reducing the consumption of energy at the same time.
Accordingly, there is much space for further developments of such heating apparatus.
The present embodiments, thus overcome at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks of prior art devices.
This object is achieved by the heating apparatus as well as by the methods for starting and controlling such heating apparatus according to the appended claims. The present embodiments also cover a recreational vehicle comprising such a heating apparatus.
According to a first aspect, a heating apparatus, in particular for recreational vehicles like campers or caravans, comprises a heating unit and at least one heat exchanging unit coupled to the heating unit. The heating unit comprises at least one burner and at least one combustion air fan unit. The combustion air fan unit is configured to supply the burner with combustion air. The burner is configured to burn fuel gas or liquid further supplied to the burner together with the combustion air received from the combustion air fan unit to get hot exhaust gasses. The heat exchanging unit is configured to receive the exhaust gasses from the burner and to transfer heat from the exhaust gasses to a fluid to be heated, provided within the heat exchanging unit. The burner comprises at least two nozzles configured to supply fuel gas or liquid to a combustion area in which the fuel gas or liquid is to be burned with the combustion air. Each of the nozzles is coupled to its own fuel gas or liquid valve to control the fuel gas or liquid supply for the nozzles independently of each other.
Providing two parallel nozzles with independently controllable valves for one burner allows to supply the combustion area with distinct amounts or rates of fuel gas or liquid and, thus, to control the combustion reaction more flexible and efficient.
The fuel gas or liquid valves of the burner monostopable valves, the monostopable valves being switchable just between an opened operation state and a closed operation state. Such monostopable valves are inexpensive and reliable during operation.
Further, the nozzles of the burner differ from each other in cross section of its supply opening. By differing in the cross section, the valves differ in the through put rates, i.e. each valve provides a different through put rate of liquid. This configuration allows to increase the number of various supply rates which can be set by opening and closing the various fuel gas valves or liquid valves.
Further, the heating unit further comprises a printed circuit board assembly. The printed circuit board assembly is coupled to the fuel gas or liquid valves of the nozzles and is configured to control the fuel gas or liquid valves independently of each other to set the supply rate of fuel gas or liquid at the combustion area according to various operation states. Such a printed circuit board enables an automatization of the controlling of the heating apparatus and to implement several distinct operation modes or operation states for the heating apparatus.
In such a configuration, it may be that the printed circuit board assembly is configured to control the fuel gas or liquid valves in four various operation states. In a first operation state, both fuel gas or liquid valves are closed such that no fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area. In a second operation state, the fuel gas or liquid valve coupled to the first nozzle is opened and the other fuel gas or liquid valve is closed, such that fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area with a supply rate limited by the through put rate of the first nozzle. In a third operation state, the fuel gas or liquid valve coupled to the second nozzle is opened and the other fuel gas or liquid valve is closed, such that fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area with a supply rate limited by the through put rate of the second nozzle. In a fourth operation state, both fuel gas or liquid valves are opened, such that fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area with a supply rate limited by the combined through put rate of the first nozzle and the second nozzle. This configuration is highly flexible but still quite cheap and reliable.
The burner may be a flat surface burner. Such a burner configuration is reliable during operation and quite cheap.
In such a configuration, the heating unit further comprises a secondary air supply arrangement configured to provide a flow of secondary air to the burner. Such a secondary air supply arrangement, in particular, is configured to be operated at distinct operation states with different supply rates for the secondary air. This implementation results in an increased flexibility for operating the heating apparatus in an optimized manner.
Further, the burner may be provided with an ignition arrangement configured to ignite the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area, for example by generating an electric arc or spark. With such an ignition arrangement, the overall operation of the heating apparatus can be further automatized. Moreover, configurations generating an electric arc or spark are reliable during operation, easy to install and to control and cheap.
Further, the burner further comprises a flame detector. The flame detector is configured to determine the ionization level within the combustion area of the burner to verify and to observe the combustion reaction between the combustion air and the fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area. Such an implementation enables further automatization of the operation of the heating apparatus.
Further, the heating apparatus comprises two separate heat exchanging units which are coupled to the heating unit in parallel with each other. Further, heating apparatus may comprise one separate burner for each heat exchanging unit. In other words, according to some embodiments, a heating apparatus has two independent heating circuits, one for heating a first fluid and another one for heating a second fluid. Thus, it is possible to heat two fluids independently of each other.
In such a configuration, it may be that the first heat exchanging unit is configured to transfer heat from the exhaust gasses to a liquid, in particular water for sanitary or cooking purposes, to be heated. Furthermore or alternatively, the second heat exchanging unit is configured to transfer heat from the exhaust gasses to a gas, in particular ventilation air from an indoor room of the recreational vehicle, to be heated. With such a configuration, it is possible to heat as first fluid a liquid and as second liquid a gas. Thus, it is possible to heat different fluids which results in a highly flexible implementation.
In such configurations, it may be that the heating unit comprises a printed circuit board assembly coupled to the burners. The printed circuit board assembly is configured to operate the burners independently of each other to heat the fluids provided in the heat exchanging units independently of each other. This configuration allows to heat both fluids completely independent of each other depicting a highly functional and flexible implementation.
In such configurations, it may be that the heating unit comprises only one single combustion air fan unit. The single combustion air fan unit is configured to supply all of the burners with combustion air. Here, both heating circuits are supplied with combustion air by only one common single combustion air fan unit instead of being supplied with combustion air by two separate combustion air fan units. Providing only one common single combustion air fan unit allows to save space. Moreover, this configuration results in reduced maintenance efforts as only one single combustion air fan unit has to be maintained or exchanged.
In such a configuration, it may be that the burners are coupled to the single combustion air fan unit in parallel with each other such that a flow of combustion air generated by the single combustion air fan unit is split between the burners. By splitting the flow of combustion air from the single combustion air fan unit, both burners are supplied with fresh combustion air. This allows to operate the burners more independently of each other.
In such configurations, it may be that the single combustion air fan unit has only one single combustion air fan for generating the flow of combustion air. In particular the single combustion air fan comprises only one single fan wheel, for example in the form of an impeller. Such a configuration is space saving and reliable due to the small number of various elements. Furthermore, impellers allow extra small configurations.
According to a further aspect, a recreational vehicle, in particular a camper or a caravan, comprises at least one of the above described heating apparatus. Thus, it is possible to take advantage of the above described technical effects in the recreational vehicle.
According to another aspect, a method for starting one of the above described heating apparatus comprises the steps of: starting the combustion air fan unit to supply the burner with a flow of combustion air; operating the burner to mix the received combustion air with fuel gas or liquid and to provide this mixture within the combustion area of the burner; operating the burner to ignite the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area; guiding the exhaust gasses from the combustion of the combustion air with the fuel gas or liquid to and through the heat exchanging unit to initiate a heat transfer between the exhaust gasses and the fluid to be heated. In particular, the above described method is carried out in the above order of the steps. This method is a quite efficient and reliable method for starting such a heating apparatus.
It may be detected whether the ignition of the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid was of success, for example with a flame detector. In the case of a failure to ignite the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid, the burner is operated to stop supplying fuel gas or liquid to the combustion area for a predetermined time interval. Thus, the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid is discharged from the combustion area by the flow of combustion air. After the predetermined time interval has expired, the burner is operated to provide fuel gas or liquid to the combustion area. Thus, the burner is operated to provide again a mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area. Then the burner is again operated to ignite the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area. With this method, the starting process for the heating apparatus is efficient and highly reliable.
According to another further aspect, a method for controlling the heat output of one of the above described heating apparatus comprises the step of opening and closing the fuel gas or liquid valves in various combinations to switch the supply rate of fuel gas or liquid at the combustion area between various operation states. This method is quite easy and reliable in order to control the heat output of the heating apparatus.
The above method for controlling further comprises the step of adapting the supply rate with combustion air from the combustion air fan unit when switching between the various operation states to optimize the mixing ratio of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid within the combustion area. This adaption of the supply rate can be achieved, for example, by changing the rotation speed of a combustion air fan of the combustion air fan unit or by opening or closing further combustion air valves. Thus, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the heating process by the heating apparatus quite easy and cheap.
These and other features of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a non-limiting embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
With reference to the accompanying drawings, a heating apparatus 1 according to the present embodiments comprise a heating unit 10, a first heat exchanging unit 30 and a second heat exchanging unit 40. The first heat exchanging unit 30 and the second heat exchanging unit 40 are both coupled to the heating unit 10 in parallel with each other.
The heating unit 10 comprises a primary housing 12, a secondary housing 14 and a coupling member 16, coupled to each other and housing further components of the heating unit 10. The secondary housing 14 is coupled fixedly, for example via screw members, to the coupling member 16. Alternatively, the secondary housing 14 can be formed integrally with the coupling member 16 as one-piece unitary member. The primary housing 12 of the heating unit 1 is coupled to the secondary housing 14 and to the coupling member 12 in a releasable manner, for example via clamping members or via a form fitting. This results in a configuration in which the primary housing 14 can be disengaged from the secondary housing 14 and the coupling member 16 in an easy manner. This enables access to the interior components of the heating unit 10 for maintenance or the like. However, alternatively the primary housing 12 can be coupled to the secondary housing 14 and/or the coupling member 16 via a configuration requiring the use of appropriate tools.
The primary housing 12 is provided with an opening 12a. The opening 12a is covered with a removable lid (not illustrated). The lid allows access to the interior of the heating unit 10 in an easy but limited manner. This opening 12a is for example provided to connect electrical connections for power, control and/or 230Vac electrical power to a circuit panel of a printed circuit board assembly (described later) of the heating unit 10. In addition thereto or alternatively, other desired operations on the interior components of the heating unit 10 are possible via the opening 12a without the need of removing the primary housing 12 or parts thereof.
At least the primary housing 12, in particular also the secondary housing 14, is provided with some ventilation slots 12c and 14c. The ventilation slots 12c, 14c allow air from the exterior of the heating apparatus 1 to enter the interior of the heating unit 10. In the illustrated configuration, in the assembled state of the heating unit 10 the ventilation slots 14c provided in the secondary housing 14 are configured to extend corresponding ventilation slots 12c provided within the primary housing 12. In the present embodiment, on each of three different sides of the primary housing 12 a set of eight horizontal ventilation slots 12c is provided. However, also configurations with more or less than eight ventilation slots 12c per side, and/or other structural configurations for the ventilation slots 12c and 14c, like for example ventilation slots having circular or elliptical shapes or ventilation slots extending in vertical direction, are suitable within the scope of the present embodiments.
As illustrated in
The base portion 16a of the coupling member 16 comprises a bearing surface 16a1. The bearing surface 16a1 has a plurality of through holes 16a2. In the present configuration bearing surface 16a1 has two through holes 16a2. The number of through holes can vary depending on the specific need. The through holes 16a2 allow appropriate bolts or screws to pass therethrough such that the base portion 16a of the coupling member 16 can be fixed to a surface of the recreational vehicle like, for example, a wall, floor or ceiling area of the recreational vehicle or to any other suitable surface. The base portion 16a can be integrated into the secondary housing 14.
The preheating portion 16b comprises a combustion air flow duct 16b1 and an exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2. The exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 is completely enveloped by the combustion air flow duct 16b1. The two air flow ducts 16b1 and 16b2 are at least partly separated from each other by only one heat transmitting separation wall 16b3. Thus, heat is transferred between air within the two air flow ducts 16b1 and 16b2. The combustion air flow duct 16b1 comprises an inlet opening 16b1A and an outlet opening 16b1B. The exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 comprises two inlet openings 16b2A and 16b2B as well an outlet opening 16b2C coupled to each other, respectively.
The printed circuit board assembly coupling portion 16c is configured to attach a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) 18 thereto in a releasable manner. In the illustrated configuration this can be done via appropriate screws engaging threaded bores 16c1 provided within the PCBA coupling portion 16c. Furthermore, the printed circuit board assembly coupling portion 16c comprises a port that allows the sensing of the intake air pressure. In other embodiments, the structural element labeled with reference sign 16c is not provided to attach the printed circuit board assembly 18 thereto. Instead, it is provided for the port for sensing the intake air pressure only.
Each of the two burner coupling portions 16d and 16e is provided as circular frame member 16d1 or 16e1 having an interior opening 16d2 or 16e2 and several engaging recesses 16d3 and 16e3. A single burner 20 and 22 can be inserted into each of the burner coupling portions 16b and 16a to be coupled to the corresponding heat exchanging unit 30 or 40. Each burner 20, 22 can be locked in this position via appropriate engaging members like screws or bolts.
The heating unit 10 is enclosed by the primary housing 12. In the inner of the heating unit 10 the secondary housing 14 and the coupling member 16, the above references PCBA 18, two burners 20 and 22, a fuel gas or liquid piping 24 coupled to the two burners 20 and 22 and having an inlet port configured to be coupled to a storage for fuel gas or liquid (not illustrated), a combustion air fan unit 26 and a ventilation air driving unit 28 are provided. Here, the term burners 20 and 22 refer to fuel manifolds as illustrated.
The two burners 20 and 22 are inserted into the burner coupling portions 16d and 16e of the coupling member 16. The two burners 20 and 22 protrude from the inner of the heating unit 10 with their flame generating side.
The combustion air flow duct 22a is configured to lead a flow of combustion air from a combustion air fan unit 26 coupled to an inlet opening 22a1 of the combustion air flow duct 22a (here the lower end thereof) to a combustion area 22e of the burner 22.
The two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 are provided with passive flow disturbance devices (not illustrated). The two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 receive gas or liquid via corresponding fuel gas or liquid piping 24 coupled thereto. The two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 are thus configured to supply fuel gas or liquid to the combustion area 22e of the burner 22. The two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 consist of a first nozzle 22b1 and a second nozzle 22b2. The second nozzle 22b2 is differing from the first nozzle 22b1 in a cross section of its supplying opening. Accordingly, the first nozzle 22b1 and the second nozzle 22b2 have different throughput rates.
The ignition arrangement 22c is configured to ignite the mixture of combustion air from the combustion air flow duct 22a with the fuel gas or liquid from the two nozzles 22b. In the illustrated embodiment, the ignition arrangement 22c is provided as electric arc or spark generating arrangement having two elongated electrodes 22c1. Here, the elongated electrodes 22c1 serve also as flame detector and feedback unit which will be referred to later.
The controlling arrangement 22d is configured to be coupled to the PCBA 18 of the heating unit. The controlling arrangement 22d is coupled to the ignition arrangement 22c and two fuel gas valves or liquid valves (not illustrated here but further referred to below). The PCBA 18 is configured to supply electrical power to the ignition arrangement 22c to operate the ignition arrangement 22c appropriately, for example, by generating an electric arc or spark to ignite therewith within the combustion area. Each of the two fuel gas valves or liquid valves is coupled to one of the two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2. By the fuel gas or liquid valves, the fuel supply for each of the two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 can be controlled independently of each other. Both fuel gas or liquid valves are monostable valves having an opened operation state and a closed state. Such monostable valves are well known in the art, which is why a detailed description thereof is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
With such a configuration, in principle, four states for the fuel supply at the combustion area 22e and, thus, four different heat outputs of the second burner 22 can be selected by the controlling arrangement:
In a first operation state, both valves, the fuel gas valve and the liquid, valve are closed such that no fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area 22e. Accordingly, there is no combustion process in the combustion are 22e and the heat output is zero.
In a second operation state, one of the fuel gas valve and the liquid valve coupled to the first nozzle 22b1 is opened while the other one of the fuel gas valve and the liquid valve coupled to the second nozzle 22b2 is closed. Accordingly, fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area 22e as defined by the throughput rate of the first nozzle 22b1. This results in a first heat output.
In a third operation state, one of the fuel gas valve and the liquid valve coupled to the first nozzle 22b1 is closed while the other one of the fuel gas valve and the liquid valve coupled to the second nozzle 22b2 is opened. Accordingly, fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion are 22e as defined by the throughput rate of the second nozzle 22b2. This results in a second heat output differing from the first heat output.
In a fourth operation state, both valves, the fuel gas valve and the liquid valve, are opened such that fuel gas or liquid is provided to the combustion area 22e with a third fuel supply rate defined by the combined throughput rate of the first nozzle 22b1 and of the second nozzle 22b2. This results in a third heat output substantially corresponding to the sum of the first heat output and of the second heat output.
In the illustrated embodiment, the first burner 20 in principle has the same structure as the second burner 22. But in the present configuration the first burner 20 comprises one single nozzle 20b. Moreover, only one fuel gas valve or liquid valve is coupled thereto instead of two, as is illustrated in
As illustrated in
The first housing element 26a comprises a combustion air inlet opening 26a1 and two combustion air outlet openings 26a2 and 26a3. The combustion air inlet opening 26a1 is coupled via a common O-ring (not illustrated) to the outlet opening 16b1A of the combustion air flow duct 16b1. The first outlet opening 26a2 of the first housing element 26a is coupled via a common O-ring (not illustrated) to the inlet end opening 20a1 of the combustion air flow duct 20a of the first burner 20. The second outlet opening 26a3 of the housing element 26a is coupled via a common O-ring (not illustrated) to the inlet opening 22a1 of the combustion air flow duct 22a of the second burner 22.
The second housing element 26b is coupled to the first housing element 26a with several coupling members, like for example bolts or other suitable coupling means (not illustrated). The first housing element 26a and the second housing element 26b are configured to form a combustion air flow path. The combustion air flow path leads form the combustion air inlet opening 26a1 to a combustion air fan chamber 26e. Further, the combustion air flow path leads from the combustion air fan chamber 26e via two separate flow path sections to each of the two combustion air outlet openings 26a2 and 26a3. The two sections of the combustion air flow path leading from the combustion air fan camber 26e to the combustion air outlet openings 26a2 and 26a3 can be provided with combustion air valves. The corresponding section of the combustion air flow path can be closed by the combustion air valves. Thus, it is possible to control a supply of combustion air to the two burners 20 and 22, for example, to enable an emergency shut down of the corresponding burner 20 or 22 and/ or to increase the amount of combustion air flow provided to the other burner 22 or 20 coupled to the section of the combustion air flow path which is still open.
In the present embodiment, the one single combustion air fan 26c is provided with one single fan wheel. In particular, the single fan wheel is implemented as an impeller. Such a configuration allows to save space. The combustion air fan 26c is positioned within the combustion air fan chamber 26e which is formed by the two housing elements 26a and 26b. The combustion air fan 26c is positioned in a plane perpendicular with respect to the central axis of the combustion air inlet opening 26a1. The combustion air fan 26c is configured to generate a flow of combustion air from the combustion air inlet opening 26a1 towards both of the combustion air outlet openings 26a2 and 26a3 and, thus, in the assembled state of the heating unit 10, to the two burners 20 and 22. As such fans are commonly known, a detailed description thereof is omitted for the sake of brevity.
The combustion air fan driving unit 26d is provided on an outer surface of the second housing element 26b. A driving rod (not illustrated) extends through a driving rod through hole 26b1 provided within the second housing element 26b. The combustion air fan driving unit 26d is coupled via the driving rod (not illustrated) to the combustion air fan 26c. The combustion air fan driving unit 26b is configured to drive the combustion air fan 26c for generating the above described flow of combustion air.
In
The ventilation air driving unit 28 is a ventilation unit well-known from the state of the art. The ventilation air driving unit 28 is configured to generate, in particular with a ventilation air fan provided therein, a flow of ventilation air from an inlet opening 28a of the ventilation air driving unit 28 towards an outlet opening 28b of the ventilation air driving unit 28. As such ventilation air driving units are well-known from the state of the art the detailed description thereof is omitted for the sake of brevity.
The ventilation air driving unit 28 is coupled, for example with bolts or screws (not illustrated) or by other suitable means, to the secondary housing 14. However, the ventilation air driving unit 28 can also be coupled to one of the elements of the heating apparatus 1, for example it can be coupled to the coupling member 16. Thus, the inlet opening 28a of the ventilation air driving unit 28 is positioned in the vicinity of the ventilation slots 12c and 14c of the housings 12 and 14. A ventilation air outlet section 14b1 is provided within the second heat exchanging unit opening 14b of the secondary housing 14. The outlet opening 28b of the ventilation air driving unit 28 is positioned on the ventilation air outlet section 14b1. Thus, the ventilation air driving unit 28 is configured to generate a ventilation air flow from the environment of the heating apparatus 1 through the ventilation slots 12c and 14c to the ventilation air outlet section 14b1.
As indicated above, the PCBA 18 is attached with the PCBA coupling portion 16c to the coupling member 16. The PCBA comprises a control signal receiving unit, a processing unit coupled to the signal receiving unit and several control signal wires coupling the processing unit with the controlling arrangements 20d and 22d of the two burners 20 and 22, the combustion air fan driving unit 26d, a controlling arrangement of the ventilation air driving unit 28 and a controlling arrangement for a bypass gas valve which can be provided.
The control signal receiving unit is configured to receive control signals via wired or wireless communication from a control signal input unit coupled to the control signal receiving unit. The control signal receiving unit is further configured to forward control signals to the processing units. For example, the control signal input unit can be a specific remote-control device or a common smart phone with an appropriate app sending control signals to the control signal receiving unit. This can be achieved by blue tooth or by other suitable wireless communication. Alternatively, the control signal input unit can be provided as a control panel coupled to the control signal receiving unit via cable. It is to be noted that control signals do not have to contain only direct control instructions. Control signals can also comprise, for example, various sensor signals. Sensor signals may, for example, comprise temperature sensors provided in the heating apparatus or in the recreational vehicle, etc. Moreover, the control input signal unit can be provided as one single device. It can, however, also comprise or consist of several independent devices like serval sensors and/ or input devices transmitting control signals to the control signal receiving unit.
The processing unit is configured to receive and to process the control signals received from the control signal receiving unit and to generate appropriate instruction signals for the various components coupled to the processing unit. In particular, the processing unit comprises a memory. The memory can be one of a volatile or nonvolatile memory. The memory can contain programs or the like allowing the processing unit to generate appropriate instruction signals from the received control signals. The generated instruction signals do not necessarily have to contain just digital signals, which then have to be processed by the respective components receiving such signals. The generated instruction signals can also include analogue signals for directly operating the respective components. For this purpose, the PCBA further can contain a separate electrical power supply, like for example a battery. Alternatively or in addition thereto, the PCBA can be configured to be coupled to an external energy source like the power grid of the recreational vehicle etc.
In the illustrated embodiment, the PCBA 18 is configured to control and/or operate the controlling arrangements 20d and 22d of the two burners 20 and 22, the combustion air fan driving unit 26d, the ventilation air driving unit 28 and a bypass gas valve which can be provided. Further components controlled and/ or operated by the PCBA 18 will be discussed later. Within the scope of the present embodiments other configurations for the PCBA 18 are possible. In particular, the PCBA 18 can be configured to use information about various temperatures, for example of an air temperature within the recreational vehicle or of the environment of the recreational vehicle, of a liquid temperature, for example of a fuel liquid of the heating apparatus 1 or a liquid to be heated with the heating apparatus 1, etc., various pressure values and/ or a flame ionization of the burners 20 and 22 to control the various components of the heating apparatus 1 in an appropriate manner.
As indicated above, the heating apparatus 1 further comprises a first heat exchanging unit 30 and a second heat exchanging unit 40 coupled to the heating unit 10. The first heat exchanging unit 30 and the second heat exchanging unit 40 will be described in the following with reference to
The first heat exchanging unit 30 is configured to allow heat exchange between exhaust gases from the first burner 20 and a liquid to be heated. The first heat exchange unit 30 comprises a liquid tank 32, an exhaust gasses piping 34, a cold liquid piping 36 and a hot liquid piping 38. Both of the cold liquid piping 36 and the hot liquid piping 38 are provided with a coupling section to be coupled to an external cold liquid storage (not illustrated) or an external hot liquid storage (not illustrated), respectively. In the present configuration the liquid to be heated is water for sanitary or cooking purposes. However also other liquids could be used and heated with the first heat exchanging unit 30. Furthermore, also all other sensors / switches, and electrical fuses/breakers work with the electrical heating devices as well.
The liquid tank 32 comprises a tubular main body 32a. The tubular main body 32a is enclosed on a bottom side thereof by a bottom plate 32a1 and opened on a top side of the main body 32a. The top side of the main body 32a is sealed with a lid member 32b. The lid member 32b has a central exhaust gasses inlet opening 32b1, an exhaust gasses outlet opening 32b2, a cold liquid inlet opening 32b3, a hot liquid outlet opening 32b4, two further equipment insertion openings 32b5 and 32b6 and a specific mounting structure configured to mount the lid member 32b and thus the liquid tank 32 to the heating unit 10. Alternatively, the further equipment insertion openings 32b5 and/or 32b6 can be moved to the bottom plate 32a1.
The exhaust gasses piping 34 is provided to one end thereof with a combustion chamber section 34a. The combustion chamber section 34a is coupled to the lid member 32b of the liquid tank 32 in such a manner that in the assembled state of the heating unit 1, the combustion air flow duct 20a of the first burner 20 is coupled to the combustion chamber section 34a of the exhaust gasses piping 34 in a sealed manner. Therefore, a common O-ring is provided between the first burner 20 and the exhaust gasses piping 34. Moreover, in the assembled state of the heating unit 1, the combustion area 20e of the first burner 20 is located within the combustion chamber section 34a of the exhaust gasses piping 34 such that the combustion reaction of the first burner 20 is taking place in the combustion chamber section 34a of the exhaust gasses piping 34.
The exhaust gasses piping 34 further has a tubular exhaust gasses leading section 34b. The tubular exhaust gasses leading section 34b is coupled at one of its ends to the combustion chamber section 34a in a sealed manner. At its other end the tubular exhaust gasses leading section 34b is coupled to the exhaust gasses outlet opening 32b2 of the lid member 32b. In particular, the exhaust gasses piping 34 is a one-piece unitary member having the combustion chamber section 324a and the exhaust gasses leading section 34b. However, within the scope of the present embodiments other configurations are possible. As is illustrated in the figures, the exhaust gasses leading section 34b is provided in several loops within the main body 32a of the liquid tank 32. This is to increase the contact surface between the exhaust gasses piping 34 and a liquid provided within the liquid tank 32. By doing so a heat transfer from the exhaust gasses within the exhaust gasses piping 34 to the liquid within the liquid tank 32 is increased. The exhaust gasses outlet opening 32b2 of the lid member 32 is configured such that in the assembled state of the heating apparats 1, it is positioned on the first inlet opening 16b2A of the exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2. Thus, the exhaust gases can flow from the exhaust gasses piping 34 into the exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 of the coupling member 16. The contact between the exhaust gasses piping 34 and the exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 is sealed with a heat resilient O-ring, for example in from of a silicon O-ring. The O-ring is highly heat resistant to seal this connection reliably.
The cold liquid piping 36 goes through the cold water inlet opening 32b3 of the lid member 32b into the liquid tank 32. Thus, the liquid to be heated can be supplied to the inner of the liquid tank 32. The hot liquid piping 38 goes through the hot water outlet opening 32b4 of the lid member 32b out of the liquid tank 32. Thus, the hot liquid can be discharged from the inner of the liquid tank 32. In the assembled state and the finally set configuration of the heating apparatus 1, the hot liquid outlet opening 32b4 and the hot liquid piping 36 have to be positioned at an upper position as compared to the cold water inlet opening 32b3 and the cold water piping 36 to achieve an expedient overall configuration.
In the illustrated embodiment, two electrically driven heating members 39 are inserted through the two equipment insertion openings 32b and 32b6 into the liquid tank 32. These, heating members 39 are coupled to the PCBA 18 to be controlled and/or operated thereby. They are provided to provide a further possibility to heat up the liquid within the liquid tank 32 either instead of or together with exhaust gases form the first burner 20. Thus, an increased heating rate is achieved. Moreover, if desired, it is possible to heat the liquid within the liquid tank 32 by electrical power only. Other equipment components like temperature sensors or the like can be inserted through one of the equipment insertions openings 32b5 and 32b6 and/or at least one of the equipment insertion openings 32b5 and 32b6 which can be closed by a removable lid member or may be sealed permanently.
The second heat exchanging unit 40 is configured to enable heat exchange between exhaust gases from the second burner 22 and ventilation air. Therefore, the second heat exchanging unit 40 comprises a ventilation air enclosure 42 and an exhaust gasses piping 44.
The ventilation air enclosure 42 comprises a tubular body section 42a and a lid section 42b. The tubular body portion 42a is sealed at one side thereof with an end plate 42a1. The end plate 42a1 is provided with a ventilation air inlet opening 42a1A and an exhaust gasses inlet opening 42a1B. The end plate 42a1 is configured such that it can be coupled to the secondary housing 14 and/ or the coupling member 16 in such a manner that, in the assembled state of the heating apparatus 1 in which the second heat exchanging unit 40 is coupled to the heating unit 10, the ventilation air inlet opening 42a1A of the ventilation air enclosure 42 is positioned on the ventilation air outlet opening 14b1 of the secondary housing 14. Thus, the combustion area 22e of the second burner 22 protrudes through the exhaust gasses inlet opening 42a1B into the ventilation air enclosure 42. Furthermore, the end plate 42a1 further comprises an exhaust gasses pipe outlet opening 42a1C. The exhaust gasses pipe outlet opening 42a1C is configured to be coupled via a silicone O-ring (not illustrated) to the second inlet opening 16b2B of the exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 of the coupling member 16. The O-ring is highly heat resistant.
The lid section 42b is coupled at the other side of the body portion 42a to confine the inner space of the ventilation air enclosure 42. In the present configuration the lid section 42b is provided as separate element. The lid section 42c comprises four ventilation air outlet openings 42b1 to 42b4 arranged in pairs on two opposing side surfaces of the lid section 42b. Of course, also other configurations for the ventilation air outlet openings 42b1 to 42b4 can be realized, like configurations with less or even more ventilation outlet openings and/ or configurations having further elements like pipes or safety meshes.
The exhaust gasses piping 44 is provided to one end thereof with a combustion chamber section 44a. The combustion chamber section 44a is coupled to end plate 42a1 of the ventilation air enclosure 42 in such a manner that in the assembled state of the heating apparatus 1, the combustion air flow duct 22a of the second burner 22 is coupled to the combustion chamber section 44a of the exhaust gasses piping 44 in a sealed manner. Therefore, a common O-ring is provided between the second burner 22 and the exhaust gasses piping 44. Moreover, in the assembled state of the heating apparatus 1, the combustion area 22e of the second burner 20 is located within the combustion chamber section 44a of the exhaust gasses piping 44. Thus, the combustion reaction of the second burner 22 is taking place in the combustion chamber section 44a of the exhaust gasses piping 44.
The exhaust gasses piping 44 further has a tubular exhaust gasses leading section 44b. One end of the tubular exhaust gasses leading section 44b is coupled to the combustion chamber section 44a in a sealed manner. The other end of the tubular exhaust gasses leading section 44b is coupled to the exhaust gasses outlet opening 42a1C of the ventilation air enclosure 42. In particular, the exhaust gasses piping 44 is a one-piece unitary member having the combustion chamber section 44a and the exhaust gasses leading section 44b. However, also other configurations are possible. As may be taken from the
As for example can be seen in
The heat exchanging units housing shell 50 is a tubular member configured to be pushed onto the two heat exchanging units 30 and 40 and to be fixed to the heating unit 10. The heat exchanging units housing shell 50 comprises a first heat exchanging unit section 50a and a second heat exchanging unit section 50b corresponding a respective one of the two heat exchanging units 30 and 40 in cross sectional shape as seen along their longitudinal axes. With the heat exchanging housing shell, the overall configuration of the heating apparatus 1 gains more structural stability and protection against external influences.
The supplementary mounting member 52 serves as lid member for the heat exchanging units housing shell 50. The supplementary mounting member 52 is coupled to the heat exchanging units housing shell 50 on the side opposing the side to which the heating unit 10 is coupled. The supplementary mounting member 52 is coupled to the heat exchanging units housing shell 50 in an appropriate manner like, for example, via form-fitting or separate coupling means. The supplementary mounting member 52 comprises a first heat exchanging unit section 52a, a second heat exchanging unit section 52b and at least one mounting section 52c coupled to each other.
The first heat exchanging unit section 52a of the supplementary mounting member 52 is configured to seal the first heat exchanging unit section 50a of the heat exchanging units housing shell 50.
The second heat exchanging unit section 52b of the supplementary mounting member 52 consist of a frame defining a central opening. Through the central opening the lid section 42b of the second heat exchanging unit 40 can be coupled to the body portion 42a of the second heat exchanging unit 40 in the longitudinal direction thereof.
In particular, the heating unit 10, the first heat exchanging unit 30 and the second heat exchanging unit 40 are provided as independent self contained arrangements coupled to each other in a releasable manner to form the heating apparatus 1. The heat exchanging units housing shell 50 is configured to enclose the two heat exchanging units 30 and 40 at least partly, such that the two heat exchanging units 30 and 40 cannot be separated from each other without removing the heat exchanging units housing shell 50. The heat exchanging units housing shell 50 is configured to be coupled to the heating unit 10 in a releasable manner. The heat exchanging units housing shell 50 is configured to couple the heating unit 10 and the two heat exchanging units 30 and 40 to each other in such a manner that for removal of the heat exchanging units housing shell 50 and, thus, for disassembling of the heating apparatus 1, the heat exchanging units housing shell 50 has to be decoupled form the heating unit 10 first.
As, for example, is illustrated in
It is to be noted that the above described configuration is merely an exemplary embodiment of a heating apparatus. However, the present embodiments and in particular the final scope of protection is defined by the appended set of claims. In particular, many of the above described structural features of the embodiments can be replaced by others or adapted if desired or necessary. Such modifications lie in the abilities and freedom of a skilled artisan without leaving the overall disclosure of the present embodiments.
Although not illustrated herein explicitly, a second aspect of the present embodiments refer to a recreational vehicle provided with a heating apparatus, like for example with the above described heating apparatus 1. Such recreational vehicles are well known in the art and it lies within the abilities of a skilled artisan to provide any heating apparatus within such a recreational vehicle. Accordingly, for the sake of brevity, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
In the following, referring to
Within the method, the combustion air fan unit 26 is operated to suck combustion air from an external environment of the heating apparatus 1. The combustion air is sucked or forced through the combustion air flow duct 16b1 of the preheating portion 16b of the coupling member 16. The sucked combustion air is forced towards each of the two provided burners 20 and 22 generating an overpressure within the respective combustion areas 20e and 22e. Accordingly, no second combustion air fan unit has to be provided. This greatly reduces costs and the susceptibility to errors of the overall heating apparatus 1.
Each of the two burners 20 and 22 is further supplied with fuel gas or liquid from a fuel gas or liquid storage coupled thereto. Due to the fact that the second burner 22 is provided with two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 to supply the fuel gas or liquid to the combustion area 22e, the rate with which fuel gas or liquid is supplied to the combustion area 22e can be switched between four various operation states by operating the respective valves. Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide an expensive and error-prone burner with a complex structure to achieve various operation sates. The combustion air and the fuel gas or liquid are mixed with each other within the combustion areas 20e or 22e and the obtained mixtures are ignited by the respective ignition arrangements 20c or 22c to burn within the respective combustion areas 20e or 22e.
Hot exhaust gasses from the first burner 20 are guided through the exhaust gasses piping 34 of the first heat exchanging unit 30 and transfer some of their heat to a corresponding liquid provided within the liquid tank 32 of the first heat exchanging unit 30. Permanently, fresh cold liquid from a cold liquid storage is supplied to the liquid tank through the cold liquid opening 32b3, while hot or at least heated liquid is discharged through the hot liquid opening 32b4 to a hot liquid storage. Thus, cold liquid is supplied to the heating apparatus 1 and hot/heated liquid is discharged by the heating apparatus 1
Hot exhaust gasses from the second burner 22 are guided through the exhaust gasses piping 44 of the second heat exchanging unit 40 and transfer some of their heat to ventilation air. The ventilation air is forced by the ventilation air driving unit 26b to move from an indoor room of the recreational vehicle, respectively a space in which the air is to be heated, through the body portion 42a of the second heat exchanging unit 40 back to the indoor room. Thus, cold ventilation air from the indoor room or interior of the recreational vehicle is sucked into the heating apparatus 1 and heated ventilation air is discharged into the indoor room or interior form the heating apparatus 1.
The exhaust gasses leaving both of the heat exchanging units 30 and 40 and which still have high temperature are guided into the exhaust gasses flow duct 16b2 of the preheating portion 16b and, thus, preheat the combustion air suck through the combustion air flow duct 16b1. This preheating results in a very efficient heating operation. Afterwards, the exhaust gasses are discharged into the external environment.
Although, in the above described process, both ventilation air and liquid are heated simultaneously the heating apparatus 1 also can be used for heating only one of the two liquids. As a skilled artisan will be able to consider various possibilities to operate the above described heating apparatus 1 resulting from its specific structural configuration, no detailed listing of all possible modes of operation is given here for the sake of brevity.
Now, an exemplary method for starting the above described heating apparatus 1 according to the present embodiments are described in detail.
When it is desired to start the heating apparatus 1, firstly the fans of the combustion air fan unit 26 and of the ventilation air driving unit 28 are switched on with a predetermined rotation speed. Then, the respective ignition arrangements 20c and/ or 22c are/ is activated to provide an electric ignition, in particular an electric arc or at least sparks and the gas valves for the nozzles 20b, 22b1 and 22b2 desired to be operated are opened such that the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas or liquid is ignited at the respective combustion areas 20e and/ or 22e. A flame detector is provided in the burners 20 and 22 and coupled to the PCBA. The flame detector verifies if a flame has been ignited in the corresponding burner 20 or 22. If not, the respective gas valve(s) is/are closed, while the combustion air fan 26c is still operated for a predetermined time interval, in order to dispose of the gas previously injected into the respective combustion area 20e or 22e. Then, a new attempt for ignition is made by opening the gas valve and providing an electric arc or sparks at the respective combustion area 20e or 22e. After the successful ignition of a flame, the respective ignition arrangement 20c or 22c is turned off.
In the following, some exemplary modifications are described that even improve the characteristics and/ or functionality of the herein disclosed heating apparatus 1.
According to a first modification, the heating apparatus can be provided with a secondary air supply arrangement. By this secondary air supply arrangement, a supply of secondary air from the external environment to at least one of the burners can be realized. In such a configuration the combustion air depicts the primary air. While the primary air is supplied to start a combustion reaction with the fuel gas or liquid, the secondary air is provided to complete the reaction. This results in an improved flame stability and emission characteristics. A burner with such a functionality is also called flat surface burner. A flat surface burner can be further provided with a wall having a plurality of apertures and being arranged to further separate the flow of primary air or combustion air from the flow of secondary air. In such a configuration, the dimension of the apertures is optimized as a function of the rate of secondary air, which in particular also depends on the provided fans.
Although, referring to the above embodiment a configuration with only two burners is described, also implementations having more than two burners can be provided if desired. Even if more than two burners are provided, all of the burners can be supplied with combustion air by the one single combustion air fan, to transfer the therewith obtained simple and reliable setting to such a configuration.
Although within the scope of the above embodiment a configuration with only two nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 in the second burner 22 is described the second burner 22 (and also the first burner 20) can be provided with more than two nozzles to implement more than four distinct operation states.
Although within the scope of the above embodiment a configuration in which both nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 of the second burner 22 have different structures (cross sections of their supply openings) are described the nozzles 22b1 and 22b2 can have the same structure. Effectively, only three various operation states are, thus, realized.
In some embodiments of a monostable valve, as used herein, includes a valve body having an inlet for connection to a fuel supply and an outlet for connection to the respective nozzle. A valve seat is positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the gas body. A valve member is linearly movable between a closed position or state and an open position or state. In the closed position or state the valve member is seated on the valve seat, and in the open position or state valve member is spaced from the valve seat. Usually, a spring acting on the valve member keeps the valve member in the closed position. A solenoid (electro-magnet) is fixed to the valve body and, when energized, acts on the valve member to move it to or keep it in the open position, i.e. when a gas injection is required. Conversely, the spring, when the solenoid is not energized, moves the valve member to or keeps the valve member in the closed position, i.e. when a gas injection is not required. Thus, the closure device moves linearly with respect to the electro-magnet, which is axially fixed. The solenoid is driven directly by the PCBA. No movable elements are provided for actuating the gas valve. The solenoid may be excited with two different current values: a constant first value and a constant second value, lower than the first one. Thus, when the gas valve is actuated for opening, the solenoid is firstly excited with the first value until a predetermined time, for example 100 ms, has passed, then it is excited with the second value. The transition from the first value to the second value is actuated by the PCBA depending on the time only, i.e. independently on the position of the valve itself. However, since the valve could not open instantaneously, for example in less than 100 ms, it is likely that the valve reaches the open position when the coil is excited with the second (lower) value. Then the valve is hold in the opening position as long as the coil is kept excited with the second value.
The liquid tank is further coupled to a frost valve. The frost valve comprises a pressure valve and is configured to perform at least the following basic functions: manual drain, frost draining (automatic) and pressure relief. However, also other configurations are possible.
The heating apparatus 1 further comprises an external container. The elements of the heating apparatus 1 are arranged in the external container. The external container shields the various components of the heating apparatus against harmful external influences like, for example, sun radiation, water or dirt. Further, the external container is made of molded plastic, as such a material is highly resistive to external influences and forces.
According to a further modification, the heating apparatus further includes a supplementary electric heater. The electric heater provides a heating coil to achieve a supplementary heating of the ventilation air. The electric heater can be positioned inside the external container, next to the second heat exchanger and is driven and controlled by the PCBA. Thus, it is possible to increase the heating power of the heating apparatus 1.
The heating apparatus is provided with a master valve for cutting the supply with fuel gas or liquid centrally.
The above described configurations are exemplary embodiments which do not limit the achieved scope of protection as defined by the appended set of claims. A skilled artisan will be able to imagine various modifications of the above described configurations without contravening the basic idea of the teaching and/ or leaving the scope of protection as defined by the appended set of claims.
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| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2020 203 423.0 | Mar 2020 | DE | national |
This 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage Patent Application claims priority to PCT Patent Application No. PCT/EP2021/056811, filed Mar. 17, 2021, which claims priority to and benefit of DE Patent Application Serial Number 102020203423.0, filed Mar. 17, 2020, all of which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/056811 | 3/17/2021 | WO |
