Patent Application
20230262843
The present invention relates to a system for heating semi-finished metal products, and to a power supply group for said system.
Heating semi-finished products made of steel by means of gas heating furnaces or, in some cases, induction furnaces, until a determined temperature before proceeding with the next step of laminating the semi-finished product is known in the art. Such semi-finished products are typically billets having variable shapes and sizes depending on the specific application.
Inconveniently, in the case of special steels, the heating methods of the prior art are highly inefficient, requiring substantial energy resources to reach the desired temperature before the laminating step.
Furthermore, in the step of heating the semi-finished products, different heating temperatures often need to be reached as a function of the type of steel used and the specific geometry of the semi-finished product. This results in an inefficient management of the cycle of heating the semi-finished products, the transit inside the furnace being required for heating the semi-finished products that require different residence times inside the furnace. In particular, the systems of the known art comprise arranging the semi-finished products on the bogie hearth of the heating furnace, leaving vast sections of bogie hearth devoid of semi-finished products, in order to adapt the different transit times inside the heating furnace as a function of the temperatures to be reached by each semi-finished product. It is apparent that this results in a further decline in the efficiency of the entire heating process.
It is one of the objects of the present invention to overcome the aforesaid limits of the prior art by a heating system for semi-finished metal products and a power supply group for said heating system, capable of solving the above drawbacks of the prior art, allowing the efficiency of the heating system to be improved, particularly for steels with special alloys, while allowing an increase in the versatility in the heating process of the semi-finished products.
According to the invention, the aforesaid objects are achieved by a heating system for semi-finished metal products and a power supply group for said heating system according to the appended independent claims.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
The features and advantages of the heating system for semi-finished metal products and the power supply group, according to the present invention, will become apparent from the following description given by way of a non-limiting example, in accordance with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The transformation of the energy from the level of tens and hundreds of kV of the electric company supply line to the level of voltage needed to supply a heating system for semi-finished metal products is carried out in two phases. A medium voltage cell lowers the voltage from a line of high voltage of the power supply grid 4 to a medium level at an auxiliary distribution station 9, provided with the required protections. Generally, the level of average voltage is standardized for each country (e.g. from 15 to 34.5 kV, depending on the country). The voltage is then adapted according to the needs by the auxiliary distribution station by means of a power supply group, which will be described hereinafter.
In accordance with the accompanying drawings, reference numeral 1 indicates as a whole a heating system 1 for semi-finished metal products. The heating system 1 is suitable for heating a semi-finished metal product 10 in the step immediately prior to a step of laminating such a semi-finished metal product 10. In particular, the heating system 1 is particularly suitable for semi-finished metal products made of steel, even more preferably made of special steel (such as, for example, an AISI 316 or an x 14CrMoS17 or an INCONEL 625) or semi-finished metal products made of titanium alloy, e.g. billets made of steel or titanium alloy having different shapes, designed to be laminated or profiled in a rolling mill, e.g. having sectional diameters even higher than 100 millimeters or indeed 150 millimeters.
Additionally, the heating system 1 according to the present invention is suitable for heating the semi-finished metal product by means of a passage of direct current at temperatures preferably higher than 1000° C., e.g. higher than 1100° C.
According to the invention, the heating system 1 comprises a heating group 2 for the semi-finished metal product 10 comprising a positive contact 21 and a negative contact 22. Such positive 21 and negative 22 contacts are suitable for being connected directly to the semi-finished metal product 10 to determine a current flow in the semi-finished metal product 10 during the heating step. The positive 21 and negative 22 contacts are preferably conductor elements mutually spaced apart along a spacing direction parallel to the main length of the semi-finished metal product and in direct contact with the semi-finished metal product to supply current to the semi-finished product and heat it by Joule effect. For example, such conductor elements can be rotating cylinders gripping the semi-finished metal product, capable of determining the heating of the semi-finished metal product 10 as it gradually passes between the rotating cylinders.
The heating system 1 further comprises a power supply group 3 which is connectable to a power supply grid 4, e.g. through the auxiliary distribution station 9.
The power supply group 3, which is also the subject of the present invention per se, comprises at least a first 31, a second 32, and a third 33 thyristor power controller and an input transformer 5. The input transformer 5 comprises a primary input transformer side 51 which is connectable to the power supply grid 4 and a secondary input transformer side 52 connected to the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers.
Furthermore, the power supply group 3 comprises an adaptation apparatus 8, comprising an adaptation transformer 8′ connected in cascade to the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers and an AC-DC converter 8″ .
The adaptation transformer 8′ is preferably a high-current transformer, i.e., for example, capable of supplying currents higher than ten thousand Amperes. The AC-DC converter 8″ is suitable for converting the alternating current from the adaptation transformer 8′ into direct current to be supplied between the positive contact 21 and the negative contact 22. The AC-DC converter is, for example, a diode bridge.
According to an advantageous variant, the input transformer 5 comprises a secondary input transformer side 52, comprising three secondary winding groups 520, 521, 522 mutually shifted, i.e. one for each R, S, T phase of the power supply grid 4. Each of said secondary winding groups 520, 521, 522 comprises a first secondary winding 520′, 521′, 522′, a second secondary winding 520″, 521″, 522″, and a third secondary winding 520‴, 521‴, 522‴. The first secondary winding 520′, 521′, 522′ is configured to determine a first output voltage on a first output terminal O1, the second secondary winding 520″, 521″, 522″ is configured to determine a second output voltage on a second output terminal O2, and the third secondary winding 520‴, 521‴, 522‴ is configured to determine a third output voltage on a third output terminal O3. Such first, second, and third output voltages are different from one another. In other words, for example, the first output voltage is equal to about 660V, the second output voltage is equal to about 401V, and the third output voltage is equal to about 276V. This allows three different output voltages to be supplied downstream of the input transformer 5 for each R, S, T phase.
According to a preferred variant, as shown for example in
In other words, when the connection between the first output terminal O1 and the first input terminal U1 is activated, the connections between the second output terminal O2 and the second input terminal V1 and the connection between the third output terminal O3 and the third input terminal W1 are deactivated. Similarly, when the connection between the second output terminal O2 and the first input terminal V1 is activated, the connections between the first output terminal O1 and the first input terminal U1 and the connection between the third output terminal O3 and the third input terminal W1 are deactivated. Equally, when the connection between the third output terminal O3 and the third input terminal W1 is activated, the connections between the first output terminal O1 and the first input terminal U1 and the connection between the second output terminal O2 and the second input terminal V1 are deactivated. This applies for each thyristor controller 31, 32, 33.
In other words, in this variant, the three-phase thyristor controller is not used by connecting the three phases to the input terminals simultaneously, but each RST phase is connected to only one respective thyristor controller, while the input voltage selectively from the secondary winding groups 520, 521, 522 of the secondary input transformer side 52 is selectively connected on the input terminals U1, V1 and W1.
The heating system preferably comprises a plurality of switches 300, adapted to selectively connect the first output terminals O1 of the first 520, second 521, and third 522 secondary winding groups to the respective first input terminals U1 of the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers, like the second O2 and third O3 output terminals to the respective second V1 and third W1 input terminals of the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers.
According to an embodiment, the switches 300 are physical connection switches.
According to an advantageous variant, instead, the switches 300 are control switches inside the thyristor controller suitable for activating the specific input terminal, e.g. they are the gate controls on each thyristor. In particular, in this variant, the first output terminals O1, the second output terminals O2, and the third output terminals O3 are preferably always connected to the respective first U1, second V1, and third W1 input terminals of each thyristor power controller 31, 32, 33 and the inner control switches are suitable for enabling each of said first U1, second V1, and third W1 input terminals to enable the connection (and thus the specific voltage value) with the specific first (520′, 521′, 522′), second (520″, 521″, 522″), and third (520‴, 521‴, 522‴) secondary windings.
The adaptation transformer 8′ preferably comprises a primary adaptation transformer side 81 comprising a first adaptation winding 81 connected to controller output terminals U2, V2, W2 of the first thyristor power controller 31, a second adaptation winding 811 connected to controller output terminals U2, V2, W2 of the second thyristor power controller 32, and a third adaptation winding 812 connected to controller output terminals U2, V2, W2 of the third thyristor power controller 32. In particular, the controller output terminals U2, V2, W2 of each first, second, and third thyristor power controllers 31, 32, 33 are preferably three mutually short-circuited output terminals.
According to a particularly advantageous variant of the present invention, a zero reference voltage point (real or virtual mass) 5200, 5201, 5202 of the first 520, second 521, and third 522 secondary winding groups is directly connected to a respective zero reference voltage point (real or virtual mass) of first adaptation winding 810′, to a respective zero reference voltage point of second adaptation winding 811′, and to a respective zero reference voltage point of third adaptation winding 812′, respectively. Surprisingly, this allows the reduction of disturbances in the circuit and the optimization of the power factor (cosφ).
The primary input transformer side 51 preferably comprises only one primary winding group comprising one winding for each phase corresponding to a R, S, T phase of the power supply grid 4. Furthermore, the primary adaptation transformer side 81 comprises only one primary winding group 810, 811, 812 comprising one adaptation winding for each phase corresponding to a R, S, T phase of the power supply grid 4.
According to a preferred embodiment, the input transformer 51 is a transformer with triangle-primary winding and open-star-secondary winding. Furthermore, the adaptation transformer 8′ is preferably a transformer with open-star-primary winding and triangle-secondary winding.
The heating system 1 preferably comprises a control unit 7 operatively connected to the power supply group 3 for sending control signals to the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers for the selection and consequent alternative connection of the first O1 or second O2 or third O3 output terminals to each first, second, and third thyristor power controller. In other words, the control unit 7 preferably controls the plurality of switches 100.
Additionally, the heating system 1 preferably comprises a temperature sensor 6, e.g. a laser pyrometer, suitable for detecting the temperature of the semi-finished metal product 10 and operatively connected to the control unit 7. The control unit 7 comprises a processing unit configured to process the temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor 6 and generate a control signal to the first 31, second 32, and third 33 thyristor power controllers as a function of the temperature signal detected, e.g. a control signal for the selection and consequent alternative connection of the first O1 or second O2 or third O3 output terminal to each first, second, and third thyristor power controller, or a control signal for adjusting the power supplied.
It is apparent that the present invention is also intended for a plant comprising said heating system and a rolling mill arranged downstream of said system.
Innovatively, the present invention allows the above drawbacks to be overcome with reference to the known heating techniques.
Additionally, the heating system according to the present invention has high efficiency, especially for steels with special alloys, and simultaneously allows a plurality of different semi-finished metal products to be heated, both in terms of shapes and materials, thus increasing versatility with respect to the systems of the known art.
Advantageously, due to the possibility of varying the voltage and current supplied at the output, it can be flexibly adapted to the different heating needs, not requiring special transformers for each product or costly downtimes for heating between different products.
Furthermore, the described configuration of the power supply group advantageously allows the load on the three phases to be optimized, resulting in high reduction in the peak loads and an effective improvement in the power factor.
In particular, despite supplying heavily inductive loads, the power supply group according to the present invention is nonetheless capable of improving the power factor (cosφ) introduced into the power supply grid with respect to the value of the power factor recorded on the load, without having to use special compensation systems.
Furthermore, the possibility of using an input transformer provided with multiple voltage outputs for each phase advantageously allows to select the input voltage for each thyristor power controller automatically and flexibly, ensuring a balanced and optimal output voltage-current value for the adaptation transformer, and thus for the load.
Additionally, the present invention allows the voltage imbalances and harmonic distortions on the grid to be reduced.
Additionally, due to the heating of the semi-finished metal product by Joule effect and not by heating in a traditional furnace, the semi-finished metal product is heated more evenly, also in the middle of the semi-finished product and over the whole section. Furthermore, in a particularly advantageous manner, the heating times are considerably reduced with respect to the traditional techniques.
It is apparent that those skilled in the art may make changes to the above-described invention in order to meet specific and contingent needs, all contained within the scope of protection as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102020000016708 | Jul 2020 | IT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2021/054323 | 5/19/2021 | WO |
