Claims
- 1. A toxicity-free anodic electrode for use with alkaline electrolytes, comprising:
a current collector; an active material composition applied to the current collector; and a hydrogen gas and corrosion suppressant comprising indium hydroxide, indium sulphate, and bismuth oxide.
- 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material further includes a binding agent.
- 3. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein the binding agent comprises one of the group selected from carboxy-methyl cellulose, poly-tetra flouroethylene, poly-vinyl alcohol, and Kraton® polymeric binder.
- 4. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a zincate solubility modifier.
- 5. The electrode according to claim 4, wherein the zincate solubility modifier is selected from the group consisting of Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2, or mixtures thereof.
- 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material comprises zinc and zinc oxide powders.
- 7. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a binding agent comprising poly-tetra fluoroethylene, and a zincate solubility modifier comprising calcium hydroxide, and wherein the active material comprises zinc and zinc oxide powders, the electrode comprising 20-60% zinc powder, 25-60% zinc oxide powder, 10-20% calcium hydroxide, 2-4% bismuth oxide, 0.1-0.5% indium hydroxide, 0.1-0.5% indium sulfate, and 1-5% poly-tetra fluoroethylene.
- 8. The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode comprises 25-35% zinc powder.
- 9. The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode comprises 45-55% zinc oxide.
- 10. The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode comprises 10-15% calcium hydroxide.
- 11. The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode comprises 2-3% bismuth oxide.
- 12. The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the electrode comprises 2-3% poly-tetrafluoroethylene.
- 13. A toxicity-free rechargeable alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising:
a positive electrode and a negative current collector, with a separator therebetween, wherein the separator includes an alkaline electrolyte; an active material associated with the negative current collector; and a hydrogen gas and corrosion suppressant comprising indium hydroxide, indium sulphate, and bismuth oxide.
- 14. The electrochemical cell according to claim 13, further comprising a zincate solubility modifier.
- 15. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein the zincate solubility modifier is selected from the group consisting of Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2, or mixtures thereof.
- 16. The electrochemical cell according to claim 13, wherein the active material includes a binding agent.
- 17. The electrochemical cell according to claim 16, wherein binding agent comprises one of the group selected from carboxy-methyl cellulose, poly-tetra flouroethylene, poly-vinyl alcohol, and Kraton® polymeric binder.
- 18. The electrochemical cell according to claim 13, wherein the active material comprises zinc and zinc oxide.
- 19. The electrochemical cell according to claim 13, further comprising a binding agent comprising poly-tetra fluoroethylene, and a zincate solubility modifier comprising calcium hydroxide, and wherein the active material comprises zinc and zinc oxide powders, the electrode comprising 20-60% zinc powder, 25-60% zinc oxide powder, 10-20% calcium hydroxide, 2-4% bismuth oxide 0.1-0.5% indium hydroxide 0.1-0.5% indium sulfate, and 1-5% poly-tetra fluoroethylene.
- 20. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the electrode comprises 25-35% zinc powder.
- 21. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the electrode comprises 45-55% zinc oxide.
- 22. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the electrode comprises 10-15% calcium hydroxide.
- 23. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the electrode comprises 2-3% bismuth oxide.
- 24. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the electrode comprises 2-3% poly-tetrafluoroethylene.
- 25. The electrode according to claim 13, wherein the positive electrode comprises nickel.
- 26. The electrode according to claim 13 wherein the positive electrode comprises silver.
FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
[0001] This invention was made with United States Government support under contract number 70NANB9H3031, awarded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).