Patent Grant
9925607
The present invention relates to a helical broach.
As a working method of cutting an internal gear which is a type of gear, there is broaching in which a broach is used as a cutting tool in which blades are arranged in a saw shape (for example, PTL 1). This is internal work performed on a workpiece by installing, in a broaching machine as a working machine dedicated to broaching, a broach and the workpiece as a piece to be cut, and pulling the broach with respect to the workpiece or pulling the workpiece with respect to the fixed broach.
A broach is a bar-shaped bladed material in which a large number of cutting blades are arranged to be formed in a saw shape, and the cutting blades of the broach are arranged in dimensional order such that the height and the blade width of the blades gradually increase from one end side (the leading end of the cutting direction) toward the other end side (the trailing end of the cutting direction). One of the features of the broach is that various working processes can be combined in a single cutting tool. For example, in a case where a broach having a roughing section for roughing of the workpiece and a finishing section for finishing of the workpiece is used, in the broaching machine, roughing and finishing are completed only by pulling the broach with respect to the workpiece once such that the workpiece can be formed to an internal gear.
Since broaching is performed by only pulling the workpiece or the broach once, working speed from roughing to finishing of the workpiece is faster than that of other internal work. In addition, the finished dimensions of the workpiece by broaching become substantially the same as those of the final blades of the broach used for working, and thus cutting work can be performed with high accuracy and the repetition accuracy of the cutting work is high.
As a type of broach, there is a helical broach. This is for cutting a workpiece to a helical internal gear in which the tooth lead of the internal gear is inclined with respect to the axis of the gear. The helical broach and the workpiece are installed on a broaching machine and the helical broach is pulled with respect to the workpiece while being rotated, thereby forming the workpiece to the helical internal gear.
An example of an existing helical broach is illustrated in
As illustrated in
In the roughing blades (not illustrated) in the roughing section 103 and the finishing blades 130 in the finishing section 104, a tooth gear helix angle α is set along the tooth lead direction of the helical internal gear to be formed. In order to enhance the working accuracy and the like, in the finishing blades 130 in the finishing section 104, a blade groove helix angle β may further be set.
In addition, the blade groove helix angle β is set to a direction that is not perpendicular to the direction of the tooth gear helix angle α in order to enhance the working accuracy and the like. Therefore, as illustrated in
In addition, in order to enhance the working accuracy and the like, in the finishing section 104 of the helical broach 101, a single finishing blade 130 is set to abut and cut only one of tooth surfaces including a left tooth surface 150 in a workpiece W (one tooth surface along the tooth lead of the workpiece W) and a right tooth surface 160 (the other tooth surface along the tooth lead of the workpiece W). That is, the finishing blades 130 in the finishing section 104 of the helical broach 101 are set to be divided into left tooth surface finishing blades 130a which cut only the left tooth surfaces 150 in the workpiece W and right tooth surface finishing blades 130b which cut only the right tooth surfaces 160 in the workpiece W.
The finishing section 104 needs a necessary number of left tooth surface finishing blades 130a and right tooth surface finishing blades 130b for forming the workpiece W to a helical internal gear having predetermined dimensions, and the left tooth surface finishing blades 130a and the right tooth surface finishing blades 130b are arranged along the tooth gear helix angle α. Therefore, a shell 120 is elongated in the axial direction.
[PTL 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-144639
In a case where at least a portion of the finishing blades 130 in the shell 120 cannot cut the workpiece W to predetermined dimensions due to damage, wear, and the like, the shell 120 has to be replaced regardless of the state of the other portions of the finishing blades 130 in the shell 120. The shell 120 is long and precise and is thus an expensive cutting tool, and the replacement of the shell 120 in the broach requires high cost.
As a matter of course, the finishing blades 130 may also be re-ground to achieve a state in which the shell 120 is usable. However, when the re-grinding is repeated, the blade width of the finishing blades 130 decreases, and thus the shell 120 for broaching does not return to a usable state.
In the invention described in PTL 1, a helical broach is provided with finishing blades capable of cutting both tooth surfaces of the workpiece W. Therefore, compared to the shell 120 in the existing helical broach 101 illustrated in
The present invention has been made taking the foregoing problems into consideration, and an object thereof is to significantly suppress the cost of replacement of a shell in a helical broach due to damage, wear, and the like of finishing blades.
A helical broach according to a first invention to solve the problems is a helical broach including: a cylindrical shell in which finishing blades having a predetermined tooth gear helix angle are formed on an outer peripheral side, in which the shell includes a plurality of wafer shells and has a structure divided in an axial direction, the wafer shells have finishing blades corresponding to tooth grooves in a piece to be cut, and in the finishing blades in the plurality of wafer shells, a blade width gradually increases with each of the wafer shells from a leading end of a cutting direction toward a trailing end of the cutting direction.
A helical broach according to a second invention to solve the problems is the helical broach according to the first invention, in which, in a case where the finishing blade provided in the wafer shell positioned at a rearmost end of the cutting direction is in a state of being unable to cut the piece to be cut to predetermined dimensions, a new wafer shell is inserted into the rearmost end of the cutting direction, and the wafer shell positioned at a foremost end of the cutting direction is removed and installation positions of the wafer shells assembled and arranged in the axial direction are moved toward the leading end of the cutting direction, thereby forming a new shell.
A helical broach according to a third invention to solve the problems is the helical broach according to the first invention, in which the finishing blades in the wafer shells cut both tooth surfaces along a tooth lead in the piece to be cut.
A helical broach according to a fourth invention to solve the problems is the helical broach according to the third invention, in which all of tool angles at which the finishing blades in the wafer shells abut both of the tooth surfaces along the tooth lead in the piece to be cut are acute angles.
According to the helical broach according to the first invention, since the shell has the structure divided in the axial direction, in a case where a portion of the finishing blades in the divided wafer shells cannot cut the piece to be cut to predetermined dimensions due to damage, wear, and the like, only the wafer shells having the portion of the finishing blades may be replaced. Therefore, the replacement cost of the shell can be significantly suppressed. In addition, since each of the wafer shells has, as the finishing blade, each blade corresponding to the tooth groove in the piece to be cut, when the finishing blades are formed in the wafer shells, there is no concern of interference of a grinding wheel or the like for forming the finishing blades with the adjacent blades, and the finishing blades can be formed in various shapes by setting the relief angle (second relief) of the blade to be large or the like.
According to the helical broach according to the second invention, since the installation position of each of the wafer shells is moved toward the leading end of the cutting direction, the finishing blades which are reduced in size due to re-grinding or the like are not immediately discarded but are re-used. Therefore, the use period of each of the wafer shells can be significantly increased and thus the running cost of the shell can be significantly suppressed.
According to the helical broach according to the third invention, since the finishing blades in the wafer shells cut both of the tooth surfaces along the tooth lead in the piece to be cut, the number of finishing blades can be reduced. Therefore, the axial length of the shell can be reduced, and thus a reduction in the size of the helical broach can be achieved.
According to the helical broach according to the fourth invention, since all of the tool angles at which the finishing blades in the wafer shells cut both of the tooth surfaces along the tooth lead in the piece to be cut are appropriate acute angles for cutting, the work accuracy and the surface precision of the cut surfaces of the piece to be cut can be enhanced. In addition, the cutting amounts of the finishing blades can be set to sufficiently large amounts, and thus the number of finishing blades can be reduced. Therefore, the axial length of the shell can be reduced, and thus a reduction in the size of the helical broach can be achieved.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a helical broach according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As a matter of course, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and it is natural that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
First, the structure of the helical broach according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to
A helical broach 1 according to this embodiment is a cutting tool for forming a substantially cylindrical workpiece W which is a piece to be cut, to a helical internal gear having a tooth gear helix angle α. As illustrated in
In the roughing section 3, roughing blades (not illustrated) having a tooth gear helix angle α are formed integrally with the broach body 10 to protrude toward the outer peripheral side of the helical broach 1 in the radial direction and form a plurality of blade groups corresponding to each of the tooth grooves in the workpiece W. In addition, in order to form teeth having predetermined dimensions in the workpiece W, the roughing blades in the blade groups are arranged along the tooth gear helix angle α such that the height of the blades gradually increases from the leading end of the cutting direction (the left side in
In the finishing section 4, the plurality of wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) which are substantially cylindrical are arranged in the axial direction of the helical broach 1 and are assembled to the broach body 10. In the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), as illustrated in
In order to form teeth having predetermined dimensions in the workpiece W, the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the blade groups are arranged such that the width of the blades gradually increases with each of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) from the leading end of the cutting direction, (the left side in
That is, in the first wafer shell 20W(1) from the leading end of the cutting direction, the first smallest blades are respectively provided in the blade groups, and in the second wafer shell 20W(2) from the leading end of the cutting direction, the second smallest blades are respectively provided in the blade groups. In the same manner, in the third to N-th wafer shells 20W(3) to 20W(N) from the leading end of the cutting direction, the third to N-th smallest blades are respectively provided in the blade groups.
As a matter of course, the number of each of finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) respectively provided in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) is not limited to one in each of the blade groups as in this embodiment and a plurality of blades may also be provided in each of the blades. Considering the degree of freedom of the shapes of the respective finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) provided in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), which will be described later, it is preferable that the number of blades in each of the blade groups is one.
As illustrated in
In order to relatively align the phases in the peripheral direction (around the axis of the helical broach 1) in the broach body 10 and the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), a positioning protrusion 13 is provided in the shell abutting surface 12, positioning grooves 21W(1) to 21W(N) are respectively provided in one end (the left end in
The positioning protrusion 13 of the shell abutting surface 12 and the positioning groove 21W(1) of the first wafer shell 20W(1) from the leading end of the cutting direction are fitted to each other, and the positioning protrusion 22W(1) of the first wafer shell 20W(1) from the leading end of the cutting direction and the positioning groove 21W(2) of the second wafer shell 20W(2) from the leading end of the cutting direction are fitted to each other. In the same manner, in the second to N-th wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N) from the leading end of the cutting direction, the positioning protrusions 21W(2) to 21W(N) are respectively fitted to the corresponding positioning grooves 22W(2) to 22W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N) such that the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are assembled to the broach body 10 in a state in which the positioning protrusion 22W(N) of the wafer shell 20W(N) positioned at the N-th position (at the rearmost end in the cutting direction) from the leading end of the cutting direction is fitted to the positioning groove 41 of the fastener 40, that is, in a state in which the phases are relatively aligned with each other.
The positioning grooves 21W(1) to 21W(N) and the positioning protrusions 22W(1) to 22W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), are provided at predetermined positions with respect to the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N). That is, the installation positions of the positioning grooves 21W(1) to 21W(N) and the positioning protrusions 22W(1) to 22W(N) with respect to the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are the same in any of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N).
Therefore, when the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are assembled to the broach body 10 in dimensional order such that the blade width gradually increases, as illustrated in
The finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are individually worked by a working machine (not illustrated) and a grinding wheel (not illustrated) to be formed in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N). The finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are provided such that the blade width gradually increases with each of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N). Therefore, in each of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), the blades are not adjacent to each other along the tooth gear helix angle α. Accordingly, when the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are formed in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N), there is no concern of the grinding wheel interfering with the adjacent blades, and the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) can be formed in various shapes by setting the relief angle (second relief) of the blade to be large or the like.
That is, compared to the finishing blades 130 (
In this embodiment, the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are set to cut both tooth surfaces 50 and 60 including the left tooth surface 50 (one tooth surface along the tooth lead of the workpiece W) and the right tooth surface 60 (the other tooth surface along the tooth lead of the workpiece W) in each workpiece W and cut each of both tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W with the same cutting amount dW(1) to dW(N).
In addition, in this embodiment, the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are set to cut both of the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W with tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) and are set so as to allow the tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) to be appropriate acute angles for the cutting.
In general, in the working blades of a cutting tool, a cutting portion having an acute angle has a higher cutting ability than that of those having an obtuse angle and enables cutting with good surface roughness for cut surfaces.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are set so as to allow the tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) with which both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W are cut to be an acute angle.
That is, in this embodiment, the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are wafer shells for both tooth surfaces in which the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) that cut both of the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W with the acute tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) are provided.
As a matter of course, the helical broach according to the present invention is not limited to the finishing blades for both tooth surfaces as in this embodiment and may also be applied to finishing blades that cut one tooth surface at a time. In addition, the cutting amounts dW(1) to dW(N) and the tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) with which the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W are cut may have numerical values that vary between the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60.
Subsequently, the finishing of the helical broach according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to
The helical broach 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the workpiece W are installed in the broaching machine (not illustrated), and when the helical broach 1 is moved in the axial direction while being pulled with respect to the workpiece W, the workpiece W can be formed to the helical internal gear as described below.
First, the roughing blades (not illustrated) in the roughing section 3 of the helical broach 1 come into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the substantially cylindrical workpiece W. By the roughing blades arranged such that the height of the blades gradually increases from the leading end of the cutting direction toward the trailing end of the cutting direction, teeth having predetermined dimensions are formed in the workpiece W.
Next, as illustrated in
Subsequently, the finishing blade 30W(2) in the second wafer shell 20W(2) positioned at the second position from the leading end of the cutting direction in the finishing section 4 of the helical broach 1 comes into contact with the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 cut by the finishing blade 30W(1) in the first wafer shell 20W(1). The finishing blade 30W(2) abuts both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W with the cutting amount dW(2). Therefore, both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W are further cut with the cutting amount dW(2).
In the same manner, the finishing blades 30W(3) to 30W(N) in the third to N-th wafer shells 20W(3) to 20W(N) positioned at the third to N-th positions from the leading end of the cutting direction in the finishing section 4 of the helical broach 1 sequentially come into contact with the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W. The finishing blades 30W(3) to 30W(N) sequentially abut both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W with the cutting amounts dW(3) to dW(N). Therefore, both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W are further cut sequentially with the cutting amounts dW(3) to dW(N).
That is, by the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) that are arranged such that the blade width gradually increases from the leading end of the cutting direction toward the trailing end of the cutting direction, the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W are cut sequentially with the cutting amounts dW(1) to dW(N) to predetermined finished dimensions.
As described above, by broaching using the helical broach 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W are accurately cut to predetermined finished dimensions, thereby forming a helical internal gear having high accuracy.
Next, a case where the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) of the finishing section 4 in the helical broach according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are in a state of being unable to cut the workpiece W to predetermined dimensions due to wear and the like will be described with reference to
The finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the finishing section 4 wear due to the repeated broaching operations using the helical broach 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention described above. During cutting by the worn finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N), the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W cannot be cut with the predetermined cutting amounts dW(1) to dW(N). That is, the workpiece W cannot be formed to a helical internal gear having predetermined dimensions.
First, each of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are removed from the broach body 10, and the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are re-ground to predetermined dimensions so as to be able to form the workpiece W to a helical internal gear having predetermined dimensions.
When wear and re-grinding of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are repeated, the ground surfaces of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the finishing section 4 reach the second relief and thus the blade width of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) becomes too small. That is, even when the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are re-ground, the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) cannot have predetermined dimensions and cannot cut the left tooth surface 50 and the right tooth surface 60 in the workpiece W with the predetermined cutting amounts dW(1) to dW(N). Particularly, the finishing blade 30W(N) positioned at the rearmost end of the cutting direction determines the final dimensions of the workpiece W and is thus important. When the finishing blade 30W(N) is reduced in size, the workpiece W cannot be formed to a helical internal gear having predetermined dimensions.
In this embodiment, in a case where the finishing blade 30W(N) positioned at the rearmost end of the cutting direction is reduced in size, a new wafer shell 20W(N+1) having a finishing blade 30W(N+1) having predetermined dimensions is inserted into the (N+1)-th position from the leading end of the cutting direction which is closer to the trailing end of the cutting direction than the wafer shell 20W(N) positioned at the N-th position from the leading end of the cutting direction, that is, into the rearmost end of the cutting direction. Accordingly, the workpiece W is finally cut by the new finishing blade 30W(N+1) positioned at the rearmost end of the cutting direction, and thus the workpiece W can be formed to a helical internal gear having predetermined dimensions.
In addition, since the new wafer shell 20W(N+1) is inserted into the rearmost end of the cutting direction, the number of wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N+1) is increased and thus the finishing section 4 is elongated in the axial direction. Here, the wafer shell 20W(1) positioned at the foremost end of the cutting direction is removed.
The finishing blade 30W(1) in the wafer shell 20W(1) positioned at the foremost end of the cutting direction is also reduced in size due to the wear and the repeated re-grinding operations and is thus in a state of being unable to sufficiently cut both of the tooth surfaces 50 and 60 in the workpiece W subjected to roughing. Therefore, it may be considered that the finishing blade 30W(1) needs to be discarded.
In addition, initially, since the finishing blade 30W(2) in the second wafer shell 20W(2) positioned at the second position from the leading end of the cutting direction is also reduced in size due to the wear and the repeated re-grinding operations, by the re-grinding operations, the finishing blade 30W(2) is further re-ground to the dimensions corresponding to the finishing blade 30W(1) in the first wafer shell 20W(1) initially positioned at the first position from the leading end of the cutting direction. The second wafer shell 20W(2) positioned at the second position is moved toward the leading end of the cutting direction to serve as the first wafer shell 20W(1) positioned at the first position.
In the same manner, the finishing blades 30W(3) to 30W(N) in the third to N-th wafer shells 20W(3) to 20W(N) initially positioned at the third to N-th positions are re-ground to the dimensions corresponding to the finishing blades 30W(2) to 30W(N−1) in the second to (N−1)-th wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N−1) initially positioned at the second to (N−1)-th positions from the leading end of the cutting direction, and the third to N-th wafer shells 20W(3) to 20W(N) initially positioned at the third to N-th positions are moved toward the leading end of the cutting direction to serve as the second to (N−1)-th wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N−1) positioned at the second to (N−1)-th positions.
In this embodiment, the positioning grooves 21W(1) to 21W(N) and the positioning protrusions 22W(1) to 22W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are provided at predetermined positions with respect to the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N). Therefore, in a case where the installation positions of the second to N-th wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N) are moved toward the leading end of the cutting direction as described above, the second to N-th wafer shells 20W(2) to 20W(N) are assembled while being slightly changed in phases along the tooth gear helix angle α.
That is, the positions of the finishing blades 30W(2) to 30W(N) in the helical broach 1, that is, the positions of the finishing blades 30W(2) to 30W(N) in the finishing section 4 with respect to the roughing blades (not illustrated) in the roughing section 3 are not changed. Therefore, there is no influence on the cutting of the workpiece W during broaching.
As described above, by inserting the new wafer shell 20W(N+1) into the rearmost end of the cutting direction and removing the wafer shell 20W(1) positioned at the foremost end of the cutting direction, a new shell can be formed.
In the helical broach 1 according to this embodiment, as illustrated in
Therefore, the number of finishing blades in the finishing section 4 along the tooth gear helix angle α can be reduced, that is, the number of wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) can be reduced. Accordingly, the axial length of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) as the shell can be reduced to be smaller than the axial length of the existing shell 120.
In addition, it is preferable that the cutting conditions such as the cutting amounts dW(1) to dW(N) and the tool angles θW(1) to θW(N) of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) in the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) are equally set. By equally setting the cutting conditions of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N), the wear times and wear amounts of the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) are equal to each other. Therefore, the replacement times of the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) can be substantially adjusted.
Accordingly, not all the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) corresponding to the shell are not discarded, and the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) positioned at the rearmost end of the cutting direction are sequentially replaced at the leading end of the cutting direction as the finishing blades 30W(1) to 30W(N) wear. Therefore, the wafer shells 20W(1) to 20W(N) as the shell can be used for a longer period than the typical shell.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-026276 | Feb 2013 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/083821 | 12/18/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/125728 | 8/21/2014 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2060889 | Nilsson | Nov 1936 | A |
| 2987801 | Psenka | Jun 1961 | A |
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| 20020182017 | Miller | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20100031799 | Ast | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20130156513 | Yoshizumi | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20160250702 | Yamaya | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 49-63570 | Jun 1974 | JP |
| 2-43125 | Mar 1990 | JP |
| 4-28919 | Mar 1992 | JP |
| 2005-144639 | Jun 2005 | JP |
| Entry |
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| International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Aug. 27, 2015, for International Application No. PCT/JP2013/083821. |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150336192 A1 | Nov 2015 | US |
