Patent Application
20200282404
This disclosure relates generally to the field of crushing and pertains to industrial crushing equipment applicable for use in the mining and aggregate industries.
In particular, disclosed is novel apparatus for facilitating the lubrication of gears in crushers whilst minimizing the probability of oil frothing.
More particularly, an improved helical recess design for a gear well component of a cone crusher is disclosed. The helical recess design aims to reduce stress concentrations in castings, mitigate frothing of oil, and improve the overall robustness and effectiveness of a gear well.
Conventional cone crushers 1 and related crushing devices typically employ an externally-threaded bowl 3, a complementary internally-threaded adjustment ring 9 which surrounds a lower portion of the bowl 3, and a complementary internally-threaded clamping ring 2 located above the adjustment ring 9 which also surrounds the bowl 3.
During normal crushing operation, the clamping ring 2 remains fixed to the adjustment ring 9 and is held static in relation thereto, wherein the external threads of the bowl 3 are secured therebetween and the bowl 3 is therefore also held static in relation to the adjustment ring 9 and clamping ring 2.
To remove a bowl 3 from a crushing device 1 for maintenance, install a bowl 3 into a crushing device 1, or adjust a gap size between a mantle 19 and a cone 20 in situ (which, in turn, sets a material crush size), the bowl 3 is rotated via a peripheral drive motor 13 which turns a ring gear 11 attached to the bowl 3 via a web 10. The bowl 3 is turned whilst the clamping ring 2 and adjustment ring 9 are held in a vertically stationary configuration, thus resulting in simultaneous linear vertical and rotational movement/displacement of the bowl 3. The displacement of the bowl 3 sets a crushing gap distance between the mantle 19 and cone 20, thereby setting the size of a comminuted product.
As shown in
The outside diameter portion of the bowl 3 may comprise a male thread (i.e., the bowl 3 may be externally-threaded). The outer thread of the bowl 3 may correspond to the thread provided to each of the adjustment ring 9 and the clamping ring 2 as shown in
A drive motor 13 provided with a pinion 12 may cooperatively engage the ring gear 11 to drive/rotate the ring gear 11 and rotate the bowl 3. By virtue of the drive motor 13 turning both the pinion 12 and the ring gear 11, the web 10 and bowl 3 collectively rotate in unison with respect to the crushing device 1, adjustment ring 9, and clamping ring 2. As the bowl 3 rotates, surfaces between the thread of the bowl 3 and the thread of the clamping ring 2 move with respect to each other.
The ring gear 11 may comprise external teeth which mate with complementary teeth on the pinion 12. It is envisaged that other drive mechanisms (e.g., worm gears, helical gears, spur gears, and like arrangements) may be equally employed between the drive motor 13 and bowl 3, without limitation.
To facilitate installation of the bowl 3 to the crushing device 1, removal of the bowl 3 from the crushing device 1, or vertical movement of the bowl 3 relative to the crushing device 1 (i.e., in order to set or adjust a crush size or open/close the crushing gap between a mantle 19 and a cone 20), fastening means 14 connecting the clamping ring 2 to the adjustment ring 9 may be disengaged to allow the drive motor 13 to more easily turn the bowl 3 via the pinion 12 and ring gear 11. To set a fixed crushing gap size for crushing operations, the clamping ring 2 may be secured to the adjustment ring 9 via re-engagement of the fastening means 14.
As shown, fastening means 14 may comprise fasteners which pass through the clamping ring 2 and threadedly engage the adjustment ring 9. By securing the clamping ring 2 to the adjustment ring 9 with the fastening means 14, the bowl 3 can be held against both rotational and vertical movement with respect to the clamping ring 2 and neighboring adjustment ring 9.
Industrial crushers such as cone crushers 1 also traditionally have gear wells 100 comprising a body 106, and a uniform-depth partially-annular recess 110. The partially-annular recess 110 generally comprises a non-helical, partially-annular floor (which may be planar, frusto-conical, or otherwise radially-inwardly tapered as shown). The conventional gear well 100 is generally configured to receive an annular driven gear 15 (e.g., which is typically provided as a miter or bevel gear).
Traditionally, a large cutout 120 extends downwardly from a portion of the partially-annular recess 110 at an abrupt right angle or similar, forming a sharp corner transition 112 between the generally horizontally positioned partially-annular recess floor 111 and the substantially vertical wall 126 of the large cutout 120. The large cutout 120 serves to provide ample clearance space for a drive pinion 18 to be situated and rotate unhindered—the purpose of the drive pinion 18 being to move the driven gear 15. The large cutout 120 is normally configured as a substantially rectangular cavity as shown in
A drive motor (not shown or labeled) rotates a drive shaft 17 which is provided with the drive pinion gear 18 at its distal end. The drive pinion gear 18 in turn, drives/rotates the driven gear 15 which may be integrally-provided to or attached to an eccentric 4 having a central opening. A shaft 16 may pass through the eccentric 4, driven gear 15, and body 106 of the gear well 100. A central opening 128 in the gear well 100 may be tapered and serve as a thrust bearing for supporting shaft 116 as suggested in
Often, the sharp angle transition 112 between the partially-annular recess 110 and the rectangular cavity 120 can cause a significant rise in stress concentration during operation and can be a common mode of failure of a gear well 100 (e.g., via cracking). Thin wall sections adjacent the sharp angle transition 112 may be present from castings formed by current methods and designs; and, over time, even ductile gear well 100 castings can begin to see evidence of hairline cracks and formation of stress fractures originating near the sharp angle transition 112.
Another problem with this sharp angle transition or corner 112, is that oil lubricating the gearing couple 15, 18 can become turbulent as it flows over the sharp angle transition 112 from the floor 111 of the partially-annular recess 110, past the vertical side wall 126. This “spilling over” or “waterfalling” can lead to undesirable frothing in the power train of the crusher 1.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to circumvent the aforementioned drawbacks associated with prior art gear wells for crushers.
It is a further object of some non-limiting embodiments of the invention to extend the useful and/or serviceable life of a gear well, without limitation.
It is yet a further object of some non-limiting embodiments of the invention to improve the hydrodynamic performance of a gear well and reduce lubricating oil frothing during continuous operation, without limitation.
These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the drawings and description herein. Although every object of the invention is believed to be attained by at least one embodiment of the invention, there is not necessarily any one embodiment of the invention that achieves all of the objects of the invention.
Disclosed, is a gear well 200 for a crusher 1. According to some preferred embodiments, the gear well 200 may comprise a body 206, a recess 210, and a pinion clearance floor 222. The recess 210 is preferably configured to be positioned adjacent a driven gear 15 for an eccentric 4. The recess further 210 comprises a floor 211. The gear well 200 may be characterized in that its recess 210 comprises a helical, non-uniform depth recess having a high point 212A and a low point 212B (and a distance along a Z-axis or centerline axis 206 of the gear well 200 separating the high point 212A from the low point 212B). Accordingly, rather than extending to a sharp corner transition 112 and then to an orthogonal sidewall 126 as done with prior art designs, the helical floor 211 of the improved helical recess 210 instead intersects or blends with the pinion clearance floor 222 adjacent the low point 212B (e.g., without vertical sidewall 126 and/or without sharp corner transition 112). The helical, non-uniform depth recess 210 may be configured for improving the strength of a gear well 200 by removing sharp corner transition 112 and the stress rising factors associated with employing a right-angle thin wall in a casting. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the helical recess 210 may be configured to reduce or otherwise mitigate oil frothing within the gear well 200.
According to some embodiments, an angular distance theta (e) representing the angular span of the recess 210 around a centerline axis 206 of the gear well 200 and extending between the low point 212B of the recess 210 and the high point 212A of the recess 210, may be greater than 45 degrees, but less than 335 degrees, without limitation. In other words, the helix/spiral path of the recess 210 is less than one revolution around axis 206.
For example, according to some embodiments, the angular distance theta (e) representing the angular span of the recess 210 around a centerline axis 206 of the gear well 200 and extending between the low point 212B of the recess 210 and the high point 212A of the recess 210, may be greater than 90 degrees, but less than 270 degrees, without limitation.
As another example, in some embodiments, the angular distance theta (e) representing the angular span of the recess 210 around a centerline axis 206 of the gear well 200 and extending between the low point 212B of the recess 210 and the high point 212A of the recess 210, may be greater than 135 degrees, but less than 225 degrees, without limitation.
As yet another example, in some embodiments, and as shown in exemplary and non-limiting
A crusher 1 is also disclosed. The crusher 1 may comprise a cone 20 supported by a shaft 16—the cone 20 forming a first crushing surface. The crusher 1 may further comprise a mantle 19 positioned adjacent the cone 20 the mantle 19 forming a second crushing surface. The shaft 16 may be disposed within an eccentric 4 and supported by a gear well. The eccentric 4 may be operably coupled to a driven gear 15. The driven gear 15 may be situated within or positioned adjacent a recess 210 of the gear well 100.
The gear well 200 may have a body 206; a recess 210 configured to be positioned adjacent the driven gear 15 associated with the eccentric 4; and a pinion clearance floor 222. Moreover, the recess 210 may comprise a floor 211 which may be configured to convey oil.
The crusher 1 may be characterized in that the floor 211 of the recess 210 in the gear well 200 is preferably helical in nature (i.e., in the form of a spiral, coil, helix, or the like) as shown in
The helical, non-uniform depth recess 210 may be configured for improving the strength of a gear well 200. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the recess 210 may be configured to reduce or otherwise mitigate oil frothing within the gear well 200.
The above-described gear well 200 having a helical non-uniform depth recess 210 may be installed into a crusher 1 according to some embodiments. Steps may include providing a replacement gear well 200 as described above, and having a body 206, a recess 210 configured to be positioned adjacent a driven gear 15 for an eccentric 4, a pinion clearance floor 222, and a floor 211 provided to the recess 210. Steps may also include removing a gear well 100 having a partially-annular recess 110 from a crusher 1 and installing the replacement gear well 200 into the crusher 1, without limitation.
To complement the description which is being made, and for the purpose of aiding to better understand the features of the invention, a set of drawings illustrating new and novel gear well apparatus for improving crushers is attached to the present specification as an integral part thereof, in which the following has been depicted with an illustrative and non-limiting character. It should be understood that like reference numbers used in the drawings (if any are used) may identify like components.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings in conjunction with exemplary embodiments.
While the present invention has been described herein using exemplary embodiments of a gear well 200 for a crusher 1 and a method of installing the same, it should be understood that numerous variations and adaptations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the field from the teachings provided herein.
The detailed embodiments shown and described in the text and figures should not be construed as limiting in scope; rather, all provided embodiments should be considered to be exemplary in nature. Accordingly, this invention is only limited by the appended claims.
The disclosure of every patent, patent application, and publication cited, listed, named, or mentioned herein is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, for any and all purposes, as if fully set forth herein.
While this subject matter has been disclosed with reference to specific embodiments, it is apparent that other embodiments and variations can be devised by others skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. The appended claims may include some, but not all of such embodiments and equivalent variations.
The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated and governed only by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. All embodiments which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
The inventors have recognized a novel and heretofore unappreciated design for a gear well 200 of crushing devices 1—in particular, those used in cone crusher drive trains, without limitation.
Turning now to prior art
Upon powering the peripheral drive motor 13, the pinion 12 rotates and thus turns the outer ring gear 11, web 10, and connected bowl 3. Upon rotational movement of the bowl 3, a crushing gap (i.e., distance between the mantle 19 and cone 20) may be adjusted, thereby changing the size of comminuted product produced.
Fastening means 14 may be provided between the adjustment ring 9 and the clamping ring 2 to prevent relative movement between parts 2, 9, 3 of the crusher 1 during operation. The fastening means 14 may be loosened or removed to allow removal or adjustment of the parts 2, 9, 3 of the crusher 1.
On a lower internal section of the crusher 1, a cone 20 forming a lower crushing surface is supported by a shaft 16 guided by an eccentric 4 which surrounds the shaft 16. The eccentric 4 is coupled to a driven gear 15 (e.g., at a lower portion of the eccentric 4). Driven gear 15 may alternatively be formed monolithically with the eccentric 4. A drive shaft 17 configured to be coupled to a drive motor/transmission output (not shown), powers the crusher 1 by rotating a drive pinion 18 thereon. The drive pinion 18 makes contact with the driven gear 15. The driven gear 15 and drive pinion 18 are typically of the miter or bevel gear type, without limitation.
A conventional gear well 100 (e.g., the one shown in
The body 106 of the conventional gear well 100 is provided with a non-helical, uniform-depth, partially-annular recess 110 which has a partially-annular recess floor 111. Points along the partially-annular recess floor 111, may be defined as a series of polar coordinates that share a similar radius and also substantially fall within the same horizontally-oriented plane along a height axis of the crusher or centerline axis 106 of the conventional gear well 100. In other words, points along the partially-annular recess floor 111 may share a similar elevation or “Z-axis” position within crusher 1, if they share a similar radial location. In other words, with prior gear wells 100, two separate points on the floor 111 of the recess 110 which are equidistant from centerline axis 106 would also share a common position along centerline axis 106, without limitation.
A junction/interruption in the non-helical, uniform depth partially-annular recess 110 exists, where there is a conventional sharp corner transition 112 to a substantially vertical sidewall 126 forming a portion of a large cutout 120. The large cutout 120 further comprises a floor 122 which provides a clearance for drive pinion 18. The large cutout 120 may at least partially serve as a basin for lubricating oil intended for drive pinion 18 and driven gear 15. The sidewall 126 and floor 111 are generally perpendicular/orthogonal to each other and joined by the sharp corner transition 112 at their intersection as shown in the drawings.
A problem with the prior art gear well 100 design shown in
Another problem with the prior art gear well 100 design shown in
Turning now to
A driven gear 15 (to which the pinion 18 engages to rotate the eccentric 4) is configured to spin freely within a helical recess 210 of substantially non-uniform depth. As shown, the helical recess 210 may comprise a helical recess floor 211 which blends with a pinion clearance floor 222 located under and providing clearance for drive pinion 18. The helical recess floor 211 extends from a high point 212A (e.g., at the start of the helical recess 210) to a low point 212B (e.g., at the end of the helical recess 210) as shown. The helical recess 210 removes the sharp corner transition 112 and large vertical wall 126, and instead blends recess 210 into the large cutout area configured to receive pinion 18.
By virtue of the sloped floor 211, oil lubricating the drive pinion 18 and driven gear 15 can slide down, via gravity, with little turbulence, and re-lubricate the drive pinion 18. The oil may pool adjacent the pinion within a basin area formed by pinion clearance floor 222. Oil received by surfaces of the drive pinion 18 while the pinion 18 is rotating may be subsequently brought into contact with the driven gear 15, thereby lubricating the gearing couple and tooth surfaces therebetween. The floor 211 of the helical recess 210 may thereby be configured to reduce frothing of lubricating oil, since the gear well 200 substitutes prior art features 110, 111, 112, 126 which allow oil to splash around inside the crusher 1 (e.g., spill over a conventional sharp corner transition 112 between a conventional partially-annular recess floor 111 and a sidewall 126 of a conventional large cutout 120).
Moreover, due to the helical design, overall strength of the gear well 200 may be increased, and the clearance between pooled oil and rotating teeth of the driven gear 15 may be increased due to the gradual increase in separation between high point 212A and low point 212B as the recess 210 traverses around centerline axis 206.
Turning now to
An angular distance theta (e) may represent the angular span of a helical recess 210 for a gear well 200 according to certain embodiments of the invention. This theta θ angle may be conceptualized as the circular distance the helical recess 210 spans or travels circumferentially, around the centerline axis 206 of the gear well 200 in its spiral/helical path. Theta θ angle may alternatively be conceptualized as the circular distance the helical recess 210 spans or travels circumferentially, around the Z-Axis or centerline axis 206. Theta θ angle may, as shown, be represented in degrees with respect to polar coordinates for purposes of this disclosure, without limitation; wherein zero degrees may be representative of the location of intersection between the helical recess floor 211 and the pinion clearance floor 222.
Most-preferred envisaged embodiments within the scope of this disclosure may have a theta θ angle (e.g., an absolute theta θ angle) which is greater than approximately 90 degrees, but less than approximately 270 degrees, for example, 180 degrees as shown, without limitation.
In the non-limiting embodiment shown in
It should be noted that the two points 212A, 212B do not share the same location along a central centerline axis 206 of the gear well, and therefore, also have different vertical locations within a crusher 1 along a Z-axis. Accordingly, the helical recess 210 disclosed encourages oil to flow less-turbulently downward along the floor 211 surface, via gravity, and into the large cavity sump area defined by pinion clearance floor 222. In this regard, pinion 18 can remain well-lubricated without the negative effects of oil frothing common with traditional gear wells 100.
In some embodiments, a method of installing a gear well 200 may be performed. In some embodiments, the method may involve assembling parts of a crusher 1 with a gear well 200 described herein, to form an improved crusher 1 comprising a gear well 200 having a helical recess 210.
Turning now to
A contractor or other entity may provide a gear well 200 as substantially described herein, or may practice any one of the methods or method steps described herein, without limitation. Moreover, a contractor or other entity may provide portions or components of a gear well 200 as substantially described herein, or may practice one or more of the method steps described herein, without limitation. A contractor may modify retrofit an existing gear well 100 by welding, machining, adding material, melt-casting, or using other fabrication techniques in order to arrive at a gear well 200 according to present embodiments.
A contractor or other entity may provide a crushing device 1, such as a cone crusher which contains a gear well 200 according to embodiments described herein. Or, a contractor or other entity—such as a client, customer, or user of a crusher 1, may operate the same in whole, or in part. A contractor or other entity may install a gear well 200 according to embodiments described herein, into a crusher 1, without limitation.
A contractor or other entity may receive a bid request for a project related to designing, fabricating, delivering, installing, operating, or performing maintenance on a gear well 200 disclosed herein, without limitation. A contractor or other entity may offer to design a similar system, device, or apparatus, or provide a process or service pertaining thereto, for a client. A contractor or other entity may offer to retrofit or may actually retrofit an existing gear well 100 with any one or more of the components or physical features described herein (e.g., helical recess 210, sloped floor 211, high 212A and low 212B points, or the like, without limitation), to make an improved gear well 200 for a crusher 1 or to improve or refurbish a crusher 1. It is further anticipated that a contractor or other entity may, in accordance with the inventive concepts and teachings described herein, offer for sale, sell to, deliver to, and/or install one or more of the gear wells 200 described herein for an end user, client, or customer, without limitation.
Although the invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments and applications, it should be appreciated that one of ordinary skill in the art, in light of this teaching, can generate additional embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit of or exceeding the scope of the claimed invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2017 70866 | Nov 2017 | DK | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2018/059070 | 11/16/2018 | WO | 00 |
