Patent Grant
10583929
The present invention relates to a helicopter, and particularly relates to the helicopter having two or more rotors (rotary wings).
A helicopter for ascending or flying, in which a lifting power is generated by rapidly rotating the rotors that are provided at an upper portion of a bodywork of the helicopter, has been conventionally known. The helicopter that is equipped with two or more rotors is called as a multicopter. Patent Document 1 discloses this type of helicopter.
The multicopter of Patent Document 1 has two rotors, a coaxial contrarotating system for rotating the two rotors in the directions opposite to each other, a shaft that transmits the engine rotation to the coaxial contrarotating system and the rotors, an auxiliary propeller, a vertical tail, a horizontal tail, wheels that are driven by an electric motor, a generator and a battery that supply the electric power with a motor for a main rotor in emergency, a motor for the auxiliary propeller, the motor for the wheels, an engine that drives the main rotor and the generator, and a gearbox. Each of pitch angles of blades in the rotors is constant at all azimuth angles. The auxiliary propeller generates thrust in a front-back, left-right, and up-down directions.
The configuration of Patent Document 1 can achieve a simple configuration of a hinge of the helicopter, less failure rate, and safe flying.
Patent Document 2 discloses a rotary wing vehicle which is used as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and which flies by using rotary wings in the same way as the helicopter. The rotary wing vehicle has a main body structure having an elongated tubular spine or core, a first rotor system, a second rotor system, and a booster module. An electric power transmission to the rotor systems and between the two rotor systems is performed not by mechanical axis transmission, but mainly by electrical wiring. In the rotary wing vehicle, weight of the UAV can be reduced by falling off the booster module.
The configuration of Patent Document 2 can achieve an easy manufacturing. Moreover, weight of the UAV is reduced by falling off the booster module, which can achieve a continued flying in a second flying phase.
Non-Patent Document 1 discloses the above-described multicopter. In the multicopter of Non-Patent Document 1, the multicopter is driven with a hybrid of the engine and the motor, and thereby the engine works as a main power to concurrently generate thrust and power. The configuration of Non-Patent Document 1 can achieve a long-time continuous navigation.
However, since Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration that main rotors are driven by an engine, it is difficult to suppress noise and exhaust caused by the engine.
Patent Document 2 is configured to fly in two phases. When a first flying phase is finished, a power source in the first flying phase is fallen off and weight of the UAV is reduced, and thereby flying is continued in a second flying phase. However, a countermeasure if the abnormality is occurred in the power source of the UAV is not disclosed.
Similarly to Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 1 does not disclose a configuration for dealing with occurrence of the abnormality.
The present invention is made under the circumstances described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a helicopter in which a battery is a main electric power source, and an emergency power source is separately provided.
Problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above, and next, means for solving the problems and effects thereof will be described.
In an aspect of the present invention, a helicopter having the following configuration is provided. That is, the helicopter having a plurality of rotors is configured to be electrically operated. The helicopter includes electric motors, at least one battery, a generator, an engine, and a battery abnormality detecting section. The electric motors drive the rotors. The battery is a first electric power source that supplies the electric power with the electric motors. The generator is a second electric power source that supplies the electric power with the electric motors. The engine drives the generator. The battery abnormality detecting section detects abnormality of the battery. When the battery abnormality detecting section detects abnormality of the battery, the generator supplies the electric power that has been converted from motive power from the engine directly to the electric motors.
Accordingly, the battery drives the electric motors, which can reduce noise. Moreover, the helicopter can be driven by the generator as the second electric power source that is driven by the engine if abnormality such as overheating or abnormal voltage drop in the battery as the first electric power source is occurred, which can avoid fall accident that is caused by power loss of the helicopter.
In the helicopter, when the battery abnormality detecting section detects the abnormality of the battery, it is preferable that the electric power that has been converted from motive power from the engine is supplied to the electric motors and then the helicopter lands.
Accordingly, since the generator supplies the electric power for landing with the helicopter when the abnormality of the battery is detected, the helicopter can land safely.
The helicopter is preferably configured as follows. That is, the helicopter includes at least one airbag. The airbag is used for emergency landing.
Accordingly, in emergency landing, damage of the helicopter can be appropriately avoided.
The helicopter is preferably configured as follows. That is, the plurality of electric motors is provided for driving each of the rotors. The helicopter includes a motor abnormality detecting section that detects the abnormality of the electric motors. The helicopter lands with a different landing mode based on the number of the electric motors in which the abnormality is detected by the motor abnormality detecting section.
Accordingly, since the severity of abnormality of the helicopter can be assumed based on the number of the electric motors in which abnormality is occurred, the landing ways of the helicopter can be appropriately determined.
It is preferable that the helicopter lands with a different landing mode based on the number and position of electric motors in which the abnormality is detected by the motor abnormality detecting section.
Accordingly, the severity of the abnormality of the helicopter can be further accurately assumed by considering the position of the electric motors in addition to the number of electric motors in which the abnormality is occurred, which can further appropriately determine the landing way of the helicopter.
The helicopter is preferably configured as follows. That is, the landing mode includes a non-stop flight mode and a forced landing mode. The non-stop flight mode is a mode for landing in accordance with the user's instructions while continuing the flight. The forced landing mode is a mode for immediately making a forced landing.
Accordingly, when the abnormality is occurred in the electric motors, an appropriate landing mode can be selected depending on the urgency.
The helicopter is preferably configured as follows. That is, the helicopter includes an airbag, a parachute, and a flight level measuring section. The flight level measuring section measures a flight level. Forced landing of the helicopter can be made by using at least one of the airbag and the parachute.
Accordingly, when making the forced landing, since means for avoiding damage of the helicopter can be selectively used depending on the flight level, the possibility of success in the forced landing can be improved.
The helicopter preferably includes an electric power source that opens at least either one of the airbag or the parachute, the electric power source that is provided separately from the battery and the generator.
Accordingly, even if both of the battery and the generator are failed, the emergency landing of the helicopter can be safely made by the electric power source which is separately provided.
Next, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The multicopter (helicopter) 100 shown in
The bodywork 10 is arranged in a central portion of the multicopter 100. The electric motors 2, the main battery 3, the generator 4, and the engine 5 are installed in the bodywork 10.
As shown in
The electric motors 2 that are arranged below each of the propellers 1 drive the propellers 1. Each of the electric motors 2 is electrically connected to the main batteries 3. The main batteries 3 supply the electric power with each of the electric motors 2.
When a remaining capacity of the main battery 3 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, in the multicopter 100, the main battery 3 can be charged by operation of the generator 4 and the engine 5.
The generator 4 that is installed in a lower portion of the bodywork 10 is configured to charge the electric power to the electric motors 2 when abnormality is occurred in the main battery 3.
The engine 5 is a power source of the generator 4. A small diesel engine or a reciprocating engine can be used as the engine 5.
In the above-described configuration, the multicopter 100 of this embodiment supplies the electric power of the main battery 3 to the electric motors 2 and thereby flies by rotating the six propellers 1.
Although the principle of flight of the multicopter 100 has been known, in the following, flight of the multicopter 100 will be briefly described with reference to
As shown in
Hovering or level flight of the multicopter 100 can be achieved by controlling a rotation speed of the each of the propellers 1 and balancing between a lifting power that is obtained by rotating the propellers 1 and gravity of the multicopter 100. The multicopter 100 can descend by decreasing the lifting power that is generated by the propellers 1.
Turning of the multicopter 100 can be achieved by controlling the rotation speed of each of the propellers 1 and causing imbalance in rotation torques that are generated by rotating the six propellers 1.
As described above, the multicopter 100 flies while controlling rotating the plurality of propellers 1 by the electric motors 2. Therefore, when abnormality is occurred in the main battery 3 that is a power source of the electric motors 2, or abnormality is occurred in the electric motors 2, the multicopter 100 may be damaged by crash.
In this respect, as shown in
The control unit 6 is configured as a small computer. The control unit 6 can control the flight of the multicopter 100 in accordance with an operation command by radio from the user. The control unit 6 can allow the multicopter 100 to land when the operation condition detecting section 7 detects abnormality in the multicopter 100.
The storage unit 61 stores parameters (for example, a flight level setting value, etc.) which are preset with respect to operation of the emergency landing system 8.
The operation condition detecting section 7 configured to detect an operation condition of each part in the multicopter 100 includes a battery condition detecting section 71, a motor condition detecting section 72 and the like.
The battery condition detecting section 71 is configured to detect a battery abnormality such as overheating and abnormal voltage drop, or the remaining capacity of the battery. For example, when the battery condition detecting section 71 detects an abnormal voltage drop while monitoring an output voltage of the main battery 3, it can be determined that the battery is abnormal.
The motor condition detecting section 72 is configured to detect a motor abnormality such as overheating, vibration and rotation instability, rotation speed of the motors, rotation torques, and the like. For example, when the motor condition detecting section 72 detects an abnormal driving current while comparing a driving current of each of the electric motors 2 with a preset reference value, it can be determined that the motor is abnormal. When the motor condition detecting section 72 having a temperature sensor such as a thermistor that is arranged near the electric motors 2 detects an excessive temperature rise of the electric motors 2 by using the temperature sensor, it can be determined that the motor is abnormal.
The emergency landing system 8 includes an airbag 81, a parachute 82, and an emergency battery 83. The emergency landing system 8 is used for emergency landing (forced landing) in abnormality occurrence of the multicopter 100. The airbag 81 and the parachute 82 are used as an auxiliary landing system in forced landing.
The airbag 81 is stored in a lower portion of the bodywork 10. The airbag 81 is configured to open and expand in forced landing, as shown in
The flight level measuring section 9 can measure a flight level of the multicopter 100. The control unit 6 can adjust the flight level of the multicopter 100 to the level that is instructed by a user based on the flight level that is detected by the flight level measuring section 9. In emergency landing, the control unit 6 can select an appropriate auxiliary landing system and open it depending on the flight level that is detected by the flight level measuring section 9.
In the above-described configuration, in the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, since the electric power can be supplied with the electric motors 2 by operation of the engine 5 and the generator 4 even if the abnormality is occurred in the main battery 3, fall accident caused by power loss can be avoided. In the multicopter 100 of this embodiment having the airbag 81 and the parachute 82 as the auxiliary landing system, since an opening of the airbag 81 or the parachute 82 can be selected depending on the flight level when forced landing is needed, damage of the multicopter 100 in emergency landing can be appropriately avoided.
Next, in the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, a configuration for landing the multicopter 100 when the abnormality is occurred in the main battery 3 as a main electric power source will be described.
As shown in
The multicopter 100 of this embodiment has a non-stop flight mode and a forced landing mode, as a landing mode. The non-stop flight mode is a mode to continue the flight of the multicopter 100 and then to land after moving the multicopter 100 to an appropriate point (for example, a takeoff point or a place in user's own setting) in accordance with instructions by user's operation. The forced landing mode is a mode that is used for emergency landing, the mode to immediately make forced landing of the the multicopter 100 by using the airbag 81 or the parachute 82. When the operation condition detecting section 7 detects abnormality in the multicopter 100, the control unit 6 selects an appropriate landing mode, and then makes forced landing of the multicopter 100.
Next, control for landing when the control unit 6 detects abnormality of the main battery 3 and abnormality is occurred will be described with reference to
When starting a flow shown in
If forced landing is needed, the control unit 6 selects the forced landing mode and then immediately makes landing of the multicopter 100 (step S103). In this case, the control unit 6 firstly obtains a current flight level α of the multicopter 100 from the flight level measuring section 9 (step S104), and reads a flight level setting value β that is preset with respect to an opening of the auxiliary landing system provided with the emergency landing system 8, from the storage unit 61 (step S105). Then, the control unit 6 compares the two obtained values (step S106). When the current flight level α of the multicopter 100 is above the flight level setting value β, as shown in
When it is determined in the step S102 that forced landing is not needed, the control unit 6 operates the engine 5 and the generator 4, and thereby supplies the electric power to the electric motors 2 in place of the main battery 3 (step S109) and makes the flight of the multicopter 100 depending on the user's operation (non-stop flight mode, step S110). The multicopter 100 flies to the appropriate point and lands in accordance with the user's instructions.
Next, control for landing when abnormality of the electric motors 2 is detected by the control unit 6 and abnormality is occurred will be described with reference to
When starting a flow shown in
The landing mode selection map may be adopted as a map shown in
When abnormality is occurred in two of the six electric motors 2, the control unit 6 determines whether or not two electric motors having abnormality are adjacent to each other. When two electric motors having abnormality are adjacent to each other (for example, when abnormality is occurred in both of the electric motor 2 of the propeller 1d and the electric motor 2 of the propeller 1e), since it is difficult to balance a lifting power, the mode of the multicopter 100 is switched to the forced landing mode and then makes emergency landing by using the auxiliary landing system provided with the emergency landing system 8. When two electric motors having abnormality are not adjacent to each other (for example, when abnormality is occurred in both of the electric motor 2 of a propeller 1c and the electric motor 2 of a propeller 1f), the control unit 6 stops two electric motors 2 and continues the flight of the multicopter 100 (non-stop flight mode).
When the number of electric motors 2 in which abnormality is occurred in the six electric motors 2 is three or more, the mode of the multicopter 100 is switched to the forced landing mode and then makes emergency landing, regardless of the position of the electric motors having abnormality.
The landing mode can be appropriately selected depending on circumstances by using the above-described landing mode selection map. However, the above-described landing mode selection map is merely illustrative, it is appropriately changeable.
The description of control that is performed in the control unit 6 (S205 to S210) when it is determined in the step S204 that forced landing is needed will be omitted since these steps are similar to that of S103 to S108. When it is determined in the step S204 that forced landing is not needed, the control unit 6 makes the flight of the multicopter 100 depending on the user's operation (non-stop flight mode, step S211). In the non-stop flight mode, the control unit 6 repeatedly performs determination of the step S201 and monitors abnormality of the electric motors 2. When abnormality is additionally occurred in the electric motors 2, the steps S202 to S204 are performed and then it is determined in the step S204 again whether or not forced landing is needed.
As shown in
Accordingly, even when the electric power cannot be supplied due to abnormality occurrence in the main battery 3 as the electric power source of the multicopter 100 of this embodiment and due to abnormality occurrence in either the engine 5 or the generator 4, with the use of the emergency battery 83, the multicopter 100 can make emergency landing by opening the airbag 81 and the parachute 82 of the auxiliary landing system.
As described above, the multicopter 100 of this embodiment having the plurality of propellers 1 is configured to be electrically operated. The multicopter 100 includes the electric motors 2, the main battery 3, the generator 4, the engine 5, and the battery condition detecting section 71. The electric motors 2 drive the propellers 1. The main battery 3 is a first electric power source that supplies the electric power with the electric motors 2. The generator 4 is a second electric power source that supplies the electric power with the electric motors 2. The engine 5 drives the generator 4. The battery abnormality detecting section 71 detects abnormality of the main battery 3. When the battery abnormality detecting section 71 detects abnormality of the main battery 3, the generator 4 supplies the electric power that has been converted from motive power from the engine 5, directly to the electric motors 2.
Accordingly, the main battery 3 drives the electric motors 2, which can reduce noise and exhaust. Moreover, the multicopter 100 can be driven by the generator 4 as the second electric power source that is driven by the engine 5 if abnormality such as overheating or abnormal voltage drop in the main battery 3 as the first electric power source is occurred, which can avoid fall accident that is caused by power loss of the multicopter 100.
In the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, when the battery abnormality detecting section 71 detects the abnormality of the main battery 3, the electric power that has been converted from motive power from the engine 5 is supplied to the electric motors 2 and then the multicopter 100 lands.
Accordingly, the generator 4 supplies the electric power for landing to the multicopter 100 when abnormality of the main battery 3 is detected, which can make safe landing of the multicopter 100.
The multicopter 100 of this embodiment includes at least one airbag 81. The airbag 81 is used for emergency landing.
Accordingly, damage of the multicopter 100 can be appropriately avoided in emergency landing.
In the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, the plurality of electric motors 2 is provided so as to drive each of the plurality of propellers 1. The multicopter 100 includes the motor condition detecting section 72 that detects abnormality of the electric motors 2. The multicopter 100 lands with a different landing mode based on the number of electric motors 2 in which abnormality is detected by the motor condition detecting section 72.
Accordingly, since the severity of abnormality of the multicopter 100 can be assumed based on the number of the electric motors 2 in which abnormality is occurred, the landing ways of the multicopter 100 can be appropriately determined.
The multicopter 100 of this embodiment is configured to land with a different landing mode based on the number and position of electric motors 2 in which abnormality is detected by the motor abnormality detecting section 72.
Accordingly, the severity of abnormality of the multicopter 100 can be further accurately assumed by considering the position of the electric motors 2 in addition to the number of electric motors 2 in which abnormality is occurred, which can further appropriately determine the landing way of the multicopter 100.
In the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, the landing mode includes a non-stop flight mode and a forced landing mode. The non-stop flight mode is a mode for landing in accordance with the user's instructions while continuing the flight. The forced landing mode is a mode for immediately making a forced landing.
Accordingly, when the abnormality is occurred in the electric motors 2, an appropriate landing mode can be selected depending on the urgency.
The multicopter 100 of this embodiment includes the airbag 81, the parachute 82, and the flight level measuring section 9. The flight level measuring section 9 measures a flight level. Forced landing of the multicopter 100 can be made by using at least either one of the airbag 81 or the parachute 82.
Accordingly, when making the forced landing, since means for avoiding damage of the multicopter 100 can be selectively used depending on the flight level, the possibility of success in the forced landing can be improved.
The multicopter 100 includes the emergency battery 83 as an electric power source that opens the airbag 81 and the parachute 82. The emergency battery 83 is provided separately from the main battery 3 and the generator 4.
Accordingly, even if both of the main battery 3 and the generator 4 are failed, the emergency landing of the multicopter 100 can be safely made by the electric power source which is separately provided.
While some preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the foregoing configurations may be modified, for example, as follows.
As described above, although the control unit 6 of this embodiment is configured to determine whether or not to make emergency landing by using the landing mode selection map, the method for determination is not limited to this. The control unit 6 may determine the necessity of emergency landing by using other methods. In consideration of only the number of electric motors 2 having abnormality occurrence, for example, easy control of selecting the non-stop flight mode if abnormality is occurred in one electric motor 2 and selecting the forced landing mode if abnormality is occurred in two or more electric motors 2, may be performed.
In the multicopter 100 of this embodiment, if both of the airbag 81 and the parachute 82 are need to be opened, both of the airbag 81 and the parachute 82 may be opened at the same time. The airbag 81 and the parachute 82 may be opened immediately before landing.
The number of the main batteries 3 is not limited to one, as shown in the above-described embodiments. A plurality of main batteries may be adoptable.
The generator 4 and the engine 5 may be configured to operate as necessary, for supplying the electric power or power as well as charging to the main battery 3, in a case other than abnormality occurrence.
The number of propellers 1 is not limited to six, as shown in the above-described embodiments. Five or less, or seven or more propellers 1 may be adoptable.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-220469 | Oct 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/003408 | 7/7/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/067489 | 5/6/2016 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170313433 A1 | Nov 2017 | US |
