Helper epitope peptide and application thereof

Abstract

A helper epitope peptide is obtained by means of replacing one or two amino acid residues in the helper T cell epitope PADRE with 4-nitrophenylalanine. The helper epitope peptide is effective for enhancing the immunogenicity of an antigen or antigenic epitope or for preparing or constructing a vaccine, and a fusion antigen formed by connecting the helper epitope peptide to an antigen or an antigenic epitope.

Description

INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE LISTING

This application contains a sequence listing submitted in Computer Readable Form (CRF). The CFR file contains the sequence listing entitled “PA440-0007_ST25.txt”, which was created on Nov. 1, 2023, and is 112,967 bytes in size. The information in the sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a helper epitope peptide and its application, which belongs to the technical field of biomedicine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Tumor vaccine is one of the most effective and economical cancer treatments. A limited number of vaccine injections can bring long-term anti-tumor immune response. However, in clinical application, the therapeutic effect of tumor vaccine has been not ideal; the reason is not only the low antigenicity of tumor itself, but also the immune tolerance of the body to tumor antigens may be an important factor. Recent studies have shown that immune tolerance is mainly due to the elimination of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo, which has little to do with the elimination of CD8+ T cells or B cells. Therefore, recruiting CD4+ T cells independent of autoantigen and breaking the immune tolerance of CD4+ T cells may be a key step to stimulate the therapeutic potential of tumor vaccine.

CD4+ T cells are the switch of the immune response in vivo and can regulate the strength of the immune response. The self-tolerance mechanism weaken the immune response to self-antigens maintaining homeostasis; breaking self-tolerance would bring a strong immune response to self-antigens, but at the same time, it can also induce the risk of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, in order to achieve the best effect of treatment, we should try to break the immune tolerance on the basis of minimizing the damage of autoimmune diseases, so as to maximize the effect of tumor immunotherapy.

PG•Schultz et al. found that the introduction of unnatural amino acids in some natural proteins can form new MHC-II molecular-restricted CD4 epitopes and improve their immunogenicity. The new epitope is completely exogenous, so it will not cause autoimmune diseases. However, it doesn't mean that all-natural proteins or natural peptides can improve immunogenicity by introducing the unnatural amino acid, which requires researchers conducting targeted research. In present invention, we has conducted a large number of studies with the pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) as the research object, in order to obtain a universal helper epitope peptide.

A Chinese invention patent with Patent No. CN201110303946.1 and REF NO. CN102370979B discloses a method for constructing an autologous vaccine against human TNF-α molecules, in which a PADRE that sequence is AKFVAAWTLKA (SEQ ID NO:49) is used.

Patent Application Number CN201611207485.7; Published C.N Application Number CN106749674A disclosed a new asthma polypeptide vaccine and its preparation method. This patent involves a fusion polypeptide containing PADRE polypeptide sequencing aK-Cha-VAaWTLKAa (SEQ ID NO:50). A (i.e., D-alanine) and Cha (i.e., L-cyclohexyl alanine).

However, the existing technologies represented by the above technical solutions do not yet have generic helper epitopes derived from PADRE polypeptides.

The Invention Contents

The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the existing technology, to provide a helper epitope peptide, which has universality and can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens or antigen epitopes; In addition, uses involving the epitope peptide are provided.

To achieve the above main purposes, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

A helper epitope characterized by the substitution of one or two amino acid residues in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 by 4-nitrophenylalanine.

Preferably, the sequence of the helper epitope peptide is a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO:20.

The invention also provides:

The purpose of the helper epitope described above is to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens or epitopes containing amino acid residues; Or, the use is for the preparation or construction of a vaccine.

Products containing the helper epitopes described above are drugs, drug compositions, biochips, vaccines, or vaccine compositions. The vaccine or vaccine composition comprises a tumor vaccine or vaccine composition.

The invention provides a kind of fusion antigen comprising the said helper epitopes attached to antigens or epitopes. The attached antigen or epitope contains an amino acid residue, and the helper epitope peptide is attached to the amino acid residue of the antigen or epitope.

Preferably, the helper epitope peptide is attached to the amino acid residue of antigens or epitopes by connecting peptides, and the sequence of the connecting peptide is GPSL (SEQ ID NO:51).

Preferably, the attached antigen or epitope is one of the listing proteins: HER2, PD-L1, PD-1, EGFR, CD20, CD66e, CD227, VEGFR, IL-2R, CTLA-4, PSMA, Toll-1, GTA-4, NY-ESO-1, FR, CA125, Epcam-CD3, P53, Mesothelin, WT1,Aβ protein, or one of the proteins with a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 40 to SEQ ID NO:43.

Preferably, the fusion antigen is a polypeptide with a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:21 to SEQ ID NO:39, or from SEQ ID NO: 44 to SEQ ID NO:47.

The invention provides a vaccine or vaccine composition comprising the fusion antigens described above.

Inventors in constant practice find that based on the helper T epitope peptide PADRE (PADRE sequence is AKFVAAWTLKAAA (SEQ ID NO:1)), replacing one or two amino acid residues with 4-nitrobenzene alanine (aka: p-nitrophenyl alanine) can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of existing antigen or epitope and break CD4⁺ T cell immune tolerance and the helper epitope can be in general use.

Compared with the current technology, the helper epitope peptide of this invention can universally enhance the immunogenicity of existing antigens (such as HER2, PD-L1, etc.) or antigen epitopes (such as B cell epitopes, etc.) and increase the titer of specific antibodies. The helper epitope peptide is completely exogenous and can break the immune tolerance. Meanwhile, it will not cause autoimmune diseases and its physiological toxicity is low. The helper epitope peptide has the potential to assist in activating the CTL, and can assist in the construction of personalized vaccines in the clinic to treat and prevent tumors. The helper epitope peptide has excellent ability to assist existing antigens or epitopes in producing antibodies or activating the CTL, and provides ideas and a preliminary basis for constructing efficient and durable vaccines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 to FIG. 19 are schematic illustrations of experiment 1 to 19 of example 2 respectively.

FIG. 20 to FIG. 22 are schematic illustrations of experiment 21 to 23 of example 2 respectively.

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of the results in the experiment 20 of example 2.

FIG. 24 is a schematic illustration of the results in the experiment 24 of Example 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, this invention will be further described in detail with reference to the attached figures and the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples given.

Example 1: Construction of Helper Epitope Peptides

Based on the helper T epitope peptide PADRE of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, one amino acid or two amino acid residues are replaced with 4-nitrophenylalanine, and the resulting sequence is shown in the following table:

Serial number	Sequence	Remark
1	XKFVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 2
2	AXFVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 3
3	AKXVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 4
4	AKFXAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 5
5	AKFVXAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 6
6	AKFVAXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 7
7	AKFVAAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 8
8	AKFVAAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 9
9	AKFVAAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 10
10	AKFVAAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 11
11	AKFVAAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 12
12	AKFVAAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 13
13	AKFVAAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 14
14	XXFVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 52
15	XKXVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 53
16	XKFXAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 54
17	XKFVXAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 55
18	XKFVAXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 56
19	XKFVAAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 57
20	XKFVAAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 58
21	XKFVAAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 59
22	XKFVAAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 60
23	XKFVAAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 61
24	XKFVAAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 62
25	XKFVAAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 63
26	AXXVAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 64
27	AXFXAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 65
28	AXFVXAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 66
29	AXFVAXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 67
30	AXFVAAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 68
31	AXFVAAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 69
32	AXFVAAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 70
33	AXFVAAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 71
34	AXFVAAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 72
35	AXFVAAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 73
36	AXFVAAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 74
37	AKXXAAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 75
38	AKXVXAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 15
39	AKXVAXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 76
40	AKXVAAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 77
41	AKXVAAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 16
42	AKXVAAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 78
43	AKXVAAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 79
44	AKXVAAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 17
45	AKXVAAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 80
46	AKXVAAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 81
47	AKFXXAWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 82
48	AKFXAXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 83
49	AKFXAAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 84
50	AKFXAAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 85
51	AKFXAAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 86
52	AKFXAAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 87
53	AKFXAAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 88
54	AKFXAAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 89
55	AKFXAAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 90
56	AKFVXXWTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 91
57	AKFVXAXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 92
58	AKFVXAWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 18
59	AKFVXAWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 93
60	AKFVXAWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 94
61	AKFVXAWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 19
62	AKFVXAWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 95
63	AKFVXAWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 96
64	AKFVAXXTLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 97
65	AKFVAXWXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 98
66	AKFVAXWTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 99
67	AKFVAXWTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 100
68	AKFVAXWTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 101
69	AKFVAXWTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 102
70	AKFVAXWTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 103
71	AKFVAAXXLKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 104
72	AKFVAAXTXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 105
73	AKFVAAXTLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 106
74	AKFVAAXTLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 107
75	AKFVAAXTLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 108
76	AKFVAAXTLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 109
77	AKFVAAWXXKAAA	SEQ ID NO: 110
78	AKFVAAWXLXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 111
79	AKFVAAWXLKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 20
80	AKFVAAWXLKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 112
81	AKFVAAWXLKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 113
82	AKFVAAWTXXAAA	SEQ ID NO: 114
83	AKFVAAWTXKXAA	SEQ ID NO: 115
84	AKFVAAWTXKAXA	SEQ ID NO: 116
85	AKFVAAWTXKAAX	SEQ ID NO: 117
86	AKFVAAWTLXXAA	SEQ ID NO: 118
87	AKFVAAWTLXAXA	SEQ ID NO: 119
88	AKFVAAWTLXAAX	SEQ ID NO: 120
89	AKFVAAWTLKXXA	SEQ ID NO: 121
90	AKFVAAWTLKXAX	SEQ ID NO: 122
91	AKFVAAWTLKAXX	SEQ ID NO: 123
Note:
X in the above sequences represent 4-nitrophenylalanine.

Example 2: Verify the Effect of the Helper Epitope

The helper epitopes selected from example 1 were combined with different antigen molecules to construct the individual fusion antigen. Then the ability of the fusion antigen molecules to induce antibody production or activate the CTL was verified.

The protocol is as follows:

• • (1) The helper epitope was connected to individual antigens or antigen epitope with the linking peptide to construct multiple fusion antigens. The sequence of the linking peptide is GPSL (i.e. Gly-Pro-Ser-Leu) (SEQ ID NO:51).
  • (2) The fusion antigens from (1) were emulsified adequately with complete Freund's adjuvant of the same volume. Then to immunize mice via subcutaneous injection with the emulsion at the dose of 50 μg per mouse. The strains of experimental mice including C57, Fvb and Balb/C. After 7 days and 14 days of first immunization, the fusion antigens from (1) were emulsified adequately with incomplete Freund's adjuvant of the same volume and then to immunize mice via subcutaneous injection with the emulsion at the dose of 50 μg per mouse.
  • (3) There are two detection methods. One is to obtain the orbital blood of immunized mice on 7, 14, 21 and 28 day respectively, centrifuge the whole blood to get the serum. Then the antibody titer is detected by indirect ELISA. The other one is: one week after the last immunization, the mice are killed to get the spleen. PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) are isolated, and the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity is detected by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) kit.

According to the above main steps, the main protocol is as follows:

The first step was to construct the fusion antigen. According to each fusion antigen, C57BL/6 female mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups with 6 mice in each group. They were PBS group, existing antigen or antigen epitope group, antigen-PADRE or antigen epitope-PADRE group, and vaccine group containing fusion antigen.

In the second step, using fusion antigen to immunize mice via subcutaneous injection for 3 times with an interval of 50 μg each time. Mixed with Freund's adjuvant of the same volume.

The third step is to use method 1 or method 2 for detection.

Method 1: The whole blood was collected every week after immunization and centrifugated at 6000 rpm for 20 min to obtain the serum for a total of 4 weeks. Antibody titers were detected by indirect ELISA as follows:

• • (1) Coating: the existing antigen or antigen epitope was diluted to 5 μg/mL with coating solution. Then the 100 μL mixed solution was added into each well of enzyme immunoassay test strip, and incubated in 37° C. incubator for 2 h;
  • (2) use PBST to wash each well 5 times for 5 min each time;
  • (3) Sealing: 150 μL locking solution was added to each well of the enzyme immunoassay test strip and incubated at 4° C. overnight.
  • (4) Repeat step (2);
  • (5) Incubation first antibody: the collected mouse serum was diluted with antibody diluent. Then the 100 μL mixed solution was added into each well, and incubated at 37° C. for 2 h;
  • (6) Repeat step (2);
  • (7) Incubating secondary antibodies: HRP-GOAT Anti-mouse IgG was diluted with antibody dilution in the ratio of 1:10000, and 100 μL dilution was added to each well, and incubated at 37° C. for 45 min;
  • (8) Repeat step (2);
  • (9) Substrate addition: 100 μL TMB substrate reaction solution was added into each well of enzyme label, and incubated at 37° C. for 15 min in darkness.
  • (10) Termination reaction: 50 μL 2M H₂SO₄ was added into each well to terminate the reaction.
  • (11) Color development: the absorbance value of the sample in each well was detected at 450/630 nm.

Method 2: one week after last immunization, mice were sacrificed, and spleen was taken; then PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were isolated, and the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity was detected by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) kit.

• • (1) Setting control: The control group was divided into effector cell spontaneous release group, experimental group, target cell spontaneous release group, target cell maximum release group, volume correction control group and background control group;
  • (2) The cells were centrifuged at 250 g for 4 minutes to make the effector cells fully contact with the target cells;
  • (3) The detection plate was incubated with 5% CO₂ at 37° C. for 4 hours; 10 μL of Lysis buffer was added to every 100 μL medium (10×) in the target cell maximum release group. When the concentration of Triton X-100 was 0.8%, the target cells could be completely lysed (The Lysis buffer was added 45 minutes before harvesting the supernatant)
  • (4) Centrifuge at 250 g for 4 minutes;
  • (5) Transfer 50 μL supernatant to another well plate;
  • (6) Thaw the detection buffer, take 12 mL (out of light), and quickly freeze the rest (it can be thawed in a 37° C. water bath, but not for a long time). Add 12 mL detection buffer to a bottle of substrate mixture (which can be used for two 96 well plates) and mix it upside down; after dilution, add it quickly without light;
  • (7) The diluted substrate mixture was added into 50 μL/well and incubated in dark at room temperature for 30 minutes (the unused diluted substrate mixture was stored at −20° C. for 6-8 weeks;
  • (8) Add 50 μL termination solution and remove the bubbles in the hole, and detect the absorption value (490 or 492 nm) within one hour
  • (9) Calculate % cytotoxicity if needed:% Cytotoxicity=[(experimental group release-effector cell spontaneous release-target cell spontaneous release)/(maximum target cell release target cell spontaneous release)]*100%

The tests detected by indirect ELISA are shown in the following table:

Test	helper epitope	existing antigen or	fusion antigen	indirect ELISA
number	peptide	antigen epitope	sequence	result FIG.
1	SEQ ID NO: 2	HER2 antigen epitope	SEQ ID NO: 21	FIG. 1
2	SEQ ID NO: 3	PD-L1 molecule	SEQ ID NO: 22	FIG. 2
3	SEQ ID NO: 4	PD-1 extracellular	SEQ ID NO: 23	FIG. 3
		domain
4	SEQ ID NO: 5	EGFR	SEQ ID NO: 24	FIG. 4
5	SEQ ID NO: 6	CD20	SEQ ID NO: 25	FIG. 5
6	SEQ ID NO: 7	CD66e	SEQ ID NO: 26	FIG. 6
7	SEQ ID NO: 8	CD227 extracellular	SEQ ID NO: 27	FIG. 7
		domain
8	SEQ ID NO: 9	VEGFR extracellular	SEQ ID NO: 28	FIG. 8
		domain
9	SEQ ID NO: 10	IL-2Ra	SEQ ID NO: 29	FIG. 9
10	SEQ ID NO: 11	CTLA-4	SEQ ID NO: 30	FIG. 10
11	SEQ ID NO: 12	PSMA	SEQ ID NO: 31	FIG. 11
12	SEQ ID NO: 13	TOLL-1	SEQ ID NO: 32	FIG. 12
13	SEQ ID NO: 14	GATA-4	SEQ ID NO: 33	FIG. 13
14	SEQ ID NO: 15	NY-ESO-1	SEQ ID NO: 34	FIG. 14
15	SEQ ID NO: 16	FR-α	SEQ ID NO: 35	FIG. 15
16	SEQ ID NO: 17	EPCAM	SEQ ID NO: 36	FIG. 16
17	SEQ ID NO: 18	P53	SEQ ID NO: 37	FIG. 17
18	SEQ ID NO: 19	Mesothelin	SEQ ID NO: 38	FIG. 18
19	SEQ ID NO: 20	WT1	SEQ ID NO: 39	FIG. 19
20	SEQ ID NO: 5	SEQ ID NO: 43	SEQ ID NO: 47	FIG. 23
24	SEQ ID NO: 6	Aβ protein-42	SEQ ID NO: 48	FIG. 24

The results are as follows:

FIG. 1 shows that compared with HER2 epitope group and HER2-PADRE group, the antibody titer of HER2 fusion antigen group (i.e. HER2-1pPhe PADRE) constructed in this example is significantly increased. The sequence of the fusion antigen was SEQ ID No: 21, i.e.,

TQVCTGTDMKLRLPASPETHLDMLRHLYQGCQVVQGNLELTYLPTNASLS
FLQDIQEVQGYVLIAHNQVRQVPLQRLRIVRGTQLFEDNYALAVLDNGDP
LNNTTPVTGASPGGLRELQLRSLTEILKGGVLIQRNPQLCYQDTILWKDI
FHKNNQLALTLIDTNRSRACHPCSPMCKGSRCWGESSEDCQSLTRTVCAG
GCARCKGPLPTDCCHEQCAAGCTGPKHSDCLACLHFNHSGICELHCPALV
TYNTDTFESMPNPEGRYTFGASCVTACPYNYLSTDVGSCTLVCPLHNQEV
TAEDGTQRCEKCSKPCARVCYGLGMEHLREVRAVTSANIQEFAGCKKIFG
SLAFLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQVFETLEEITGYLYISAWPDSLPDL
SVFQNLQVIRGRILHNGAYSLTLQGLGISWLGLRSLRELGSGLALIHHNT
HLCFVHTVPWDQLFRNPHQALLHTANRPEDECVGEGLACHQLCARGHCWG
PGPTQCVNCSQFLRGQECVEECRVLQGLPREYVNARHCLPCHPECQPQNG
SVTCFGPEADQCVACAHYKDPPFCVARCPSGVKPDLSYMPIWKFPDEEGA
CQPCPINCTHSCVDLDDKGCPAEQRASPLTGPSLXKFVAAWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 2 shows, compared with the PD-L1 group and the PD-L1-PADRE group, the PD-L1 fusion antigen group (i.e., PD/L1-2pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example produced a significant increase in antibody titer. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 22, i.e.,

MQLKPMEINPEMLNKVLSRLGVAGQWRFVDVLGLEEESLGSVPAPACALL
LLFPLTAQHENFRKKQIEELKGQEVSPKVYFMKQTIGNSCGTIGLIHAVA
NNQDKLGFEDGSVLKQFLSETEKMSPEDRAKCFEKNEATQAAHDAVAQEG
QCRVDDKVNEHFILENNVDGHLYELDGRMPFPVNHGASSEDTLLKDAAKV
CREFTEREQGEVRFSAVALCGPSLAXFVAAWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 3 shows, compared with the PD-1 extracellular region group and the PD-1-PADRE group, the PD-1 fusion antigen group (i.e., PD/1-3pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example generated a significant increase in antibody titer. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 23. i.e.,

PGWFLDSPDRPWNPPTFSPALLVVTEGDNATFTCSFSNTSESFVLNWYRM
SPSNQTDKLAAFPEDRSQPGQDCRFRVTQLPNGRDFHMSVVRARRNDSGT
YLCGAISLAPKAQIKESLRAELRVTERRAEVPTAHPSPSPRPAGQFQTLV
GPSLAKXVAAWTXKAAA.

As FIG. 4 shows, compared with the EGFR group and the EGFR-PADRE group, the antibody titer generated by the EGFR fusion antigen group (i.e., EGFR-4pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 24, i.e.,

MERKERPFDVIGQLAALRRYARSLVRNSDDAEDLVHDALLRAYEKKQSFR
RGGNLRTWLLSIMHNAHIDRVRQARSLARRHDEAAVEAEQSLQAGQEHAV
RLKQVRDAFFHLSEEQREALHLVAIEDLSYQEAAMALDIPIGTLMSRISR
ARAQLREFEEKTPRAAHLRLIGGDGNEGNGPSLAKFXAAWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 5 shows, compared with the CD20 group and the CD20-PADRE group, the CD20 fusion antigen group (i.e., CD20-5pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example produced a significant increase in antibody titer. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 25, i.e.,

MTTPRNSVNGTFPAEPMKGPIAMQSGPKPLFRRMSSLVGPTQSFFMRESK
TLGAVQIMNGLFHIALGGLLMIPAGIYAPICVTVWYPLWGGIMYIISGSL
LAATEKNSRKCLVKGKMIMNSLSLFAAISGMILSIMDILNIKISHFLKME
SLNFIRAHTPYINIYNCEPANPSEKNSPSTQYCYSIQSLFLGILSVMLIF
AFFQELVIAGIVENEWKRTCSRPKSNIVLLSAEEKKEQTIEIKEEVVGLT
ETSSQPKNEEDIEIIPIQEEEEEETETNFPEPPQDQESSPIENDSSPGPS
LAKFVXAWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 6 shows, compared with the CD66e group and the CD66e-PADRE group, the CD66e fusion antigen group constructed in this example (i.e., CD66e-6pPhe-PADRE) produced a significant increase in antibody titer. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 26, i.e.,

KLTIESTPFNVAEGKEVLLLVHNLPQHLFGYSWYKGERVDGNRQIIGYVI
GTQQATPGPAYSGREIIYPNASLLIQNIIQNDTGFYTLHVIKSDLVNEEA
TGQFRVYPELPKPSISSNNSKPVEDKDAVAFTCEPETQDATYLWWVNNQS
LPVSPRLQLSNGNRTLTLFNVTRNDTASYKCETQNPVSARRSDSVILNVL
YGPDAPTISPLNTSYRSGENLNLSCHAASNPPAQYSWFVNGTFQQSTQEL
FIPNITVNNSGSYTCQAHNSDTGLNRTTVTTITVYAEPPKPFITSNNSNP
VEDEDAVALTCEPEIQNTTYLWWVNNQSLPVSPRLQLSNDNRTLTLLSVT
RNDVGPYECGIQNKLSVDHSDPVILNVLYGPDDPTISPSYTYYRPGVNLS
LSCHAASNPPAQYSWLIDGNIQQHTQELFISNITEKNSGLYTCQANNSAS
GHSRTTVKTITVSAELPKPSISSNNSKPVEDKDAVAFTCEPEAQNTTYLW
WVNGQSLPVSPRLQLSNGNRTLTLFNVTRNDARAYVCGIQNSVSANRSDP
VTLDVLYGPDTPIISPPDSSYLSGANLNLSCHSASNPSPQYSWRINGIPQ
QHTQVLFIAKITPNNNGTYACFVSNLATGRNNSIVKSITVSASGTSPGLS
AGPSLAKFVAXWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 7 shows, compared with the CD227 extracellular region group and the CD227-PADRE group, the CD227 fusion antigen group constructed in this example (i.e., CD227-7pPhe-PADRE) produced a significant increase in antibody titer. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 27, i.e.,

SGHASSTPGGEKETSATQRSSVPSSTEKNAVSMTSSVLSSHSPGSGSSTT
QGQDVTLAPATEPASGSAATWGQDVTSVPVTRPALGSTTPPAHDVTSAPD
NKPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAP
PAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPD
TRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDNRPALGSTAPPVHNVTSASGSASGSASTLV
HNGTSARATTTPASKSTPFSIPSHHSDTPTTLASHSTKTDASSTHHSSVP
PLTSSNHSTSPQLSTGVSFFFLSFHISNLQFNSSLEDPSTDYYQELQRDI
SEMFLQIYKQGGFLGLSNIKFRPGSVVVQLTLAFREGTINVHDVETQFNQ
YKTEAASRYNLTISDVSVSDVPFPFSAQSGAGVPGGPSLAKFVAAXTLKA
AA.

As FIG. 8 shows, compared with the VEGFR extracellular region group and the VEGFR-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the VEGFR fusion antigen group (i.e., VEGFR-8pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 28, i.e.,

ASVGLPSVSLDLPRLSIQKDILTIKANTTLQITCRGQRDLDWLWPNNQSG
SEQRVEVTECSDGLFCKTLTIPKVIGNDTGAYKCFYRETDLASVIYVYVQ
DYRSPFIASVSDQHGVVYITENKNKTVVIPCLGSISNLNVSLCARYPEKR
FVPDGNRISWDSKKGFTIPSYMISYAGMVFCEAKINDESYQSIMYIVVVV
GYRIYDVVLSPSHGIELSVGEKLVLNCTARTELNVGIDFNWEYPSSKHQH
KKLVNRDLKTQSGSEMKKFLSTLTIDGVTRSDQGLYTCAASSGLMTKKNS
TFVRVHEKPFVAFGSGMESLVEATVGERVRIPAKYLGYPPPEIKWYKNGI
PLESNHTIKAGHVLTIMEVSERDTGNYTVILTNPISKEKQSHVVSLVVYV
PPQIGEKSLISPVDSYQYGTTQTLTCTVYAIPPPHHIHWYWQLEEECANE
PSQAVSVTNPYPCEEWRSVEDFQGGNKIEVNKNQFALIEGKNKTVSTLVI
QAANVSALYKCEAVNKVGRGERVISFHVTRGPEITLQPDMQPTEQESVSL
WCTADRSTFENLTWYKLGPQPLPIHVGELPTPVCKNLDTLWKLNATMFSN
STNDILIMELKNASLQDQGDYVCLAQDRKTKKRHCVVRQLTVLERVAPTI
TGNLENQTTSIGESIEVSCTASGNPPPQIMWFKDNETLVEDSGIVLKDGN
RNLTIRRVRKEDEGLYTCQACSVLGCAKVEAFFIIEGAQEKTNLEGPSLA
KEVAAWXLKAAA.

As FIG. 9 shows, compared with the IL-2Ra group and the IL-2Ra-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the IL-2Ra fusion antigen group (i.e., IL/2Ra-9pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 29, i.e.,

ELCDDDPPEIPHATFKAMAYKEGTMLNCECKRGFRRIKSGSLYMLCTGNS
SHSSWDNQCQCTSSATRNTTKQVTPQPEEQKERKTTEMQSPMQPVDQASL
PGHCREPPPWENEATERIYHFVVGQMVYYQCVQGYRALHRGPAESVCKMT
HGKTRWTQPQLICTGEMETSQFPGEEKPQASPEGRPESETSCLVTTTDFQ
IQTEMAATMETSIFTTEYQGPSLAKFVAAWTXKAAA.

As FIG. 10 shows, compared with the CTLA-4 group and the CTLA-4-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the CTLA-4 fusion antigen group (i.e., CTLA/4-10pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 30, i.e.,

KAMHVAQPAVVLASSRGIASFVCEYASPGKATEVRVTVLRQADSQVTEVC
AATYMMGNELTFLDDSICTGTSSGNQVNLTIQGLRAMDTGLYICKVELMY
PPPYYLGIGNGTQIYVIDPEPCPDSDGPSLAKFVAAWTLXAAA.

As FIG. 11 shows, compared with the PSMA group and the PSMA-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the PSMA fusion antigen group (i.e., PSMA-11pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 31, i.e.,

QGQAQQQAYDRGITIFSPDGRLYQVEYAREAVKRGTASIGVRTPEGVVLA
ADKRSRSPLMEPTSVEKIHKADDHIGIASAGHVADARQLIDFARRQSQVN
RLRYGEPIGIETLTKEVTDHIQQYTQVGGARPFGVALLIGGVENGTPRLY
ETDPSGTPYEWKAVSIGADRGDHQEHLEENFRDDLTLDEGIELALEAIAS
TSDEGTAPDGVDVATVSAETERFVELSNDEIESYLEANDLLATEDDEQTE
EGPSLAKFVAAWTLKXAA.

As FIG. 12 shows, compared with the TOLL-1 group and the TOLL-1-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the TOLL-1 fusion antigen group (i.e., TOLL/1-12pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 32, i.e.,

SEFLVDRSKNGLIHVPKDLSQKTTILNISQNYISELWTSDILSLSKLRIL
IISHNRIQYLDISVFKFNQELEYLDLSHNKLVKISCHPTVNLKHLDLSFN
AFDALPICKEFGNMSQLKFLGLSTTHLEKSSVLPIAHLNISKVLLVLGET
YGEKEDPEGLQDFNTESLHIVFPTNKEFHFILDVSVKTVANLELSNIKCV
LEDNKCSYFLSILAKLQTNPKLSNLTLNNIETTWNSFIRILQLVWHTTVW
YFSISNVKLQGQLDFRDFDYSGTSLKALSIHQVVSDVFGFPQSYIYEIFS
NMNIKNFTVSGTRMVHMLCPSKISPFLHLDFSNNLLTDTVFENCGHLTEL
ETLILQMNQLKELSKIAEMTTQMKSLQQLDISQNSVSYDEKKGDCSWTKS
LLSLNMSSNILTDTIFRCLPPRIKVLDLHSNKIKSIPKQVVKLEALQELN
VAFNSLTDLPGCGSFSSLSVLIIDHNSVSHPSADFFQSCQKMRSIKAGDN
PFQCTCELGEFVKNIDQVSSEVLEGWPDSYKCDYPESYRGTLLKDFHMSE
LSCNITGPSLAKFVAAWTLKAXA.

As FIG. 13 shows, compared with the GATA-4 group and the GATA-4-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the GATA-4 fusion antigen group (i.e., GATA/4-13pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 33, i.e.,

MYQSLAMAANHGPPPGAYEAGGPGAFMHGAGAASSPVYVPTPRVPSSVLG
LSYLQGGGAGSASGGASGGSSGGAASGAGPGTQQGSPGWSQAGADGAAYT
PPPVSPRFSFPGTTGSLAAAAAAAAAREAAAYSSGGGAAGAGLAGREQYG
RAGFAGSYSSPYPAYMADVGASWAAAAAASAGPFDSPVLHSLPGRANPAA
RHPNLDMFDDFSEGRECVNCGAMSTPLWRRDGTGHYLCNACGLYHKMNGI
NRPLIKPQRRLSASRRVGLSCANCQTTTTTLWRRNAEGEPVCNACGLYMK
LHGVPRPLAMRKEGIQTRKRKPKNLNKSKTPAAPSGSESLPPASGASSNS
SNATTSSSEEMRPIKTEPGLSSHYGHSSSVSQTFSVSAMSGHGPSIHPVL
SALKLSPQGYASPVSQSPQTSSKQDSWNSLVLADSHGDIITAGPSLAKFV
AAWTLKAAX.

As FIG. 14 shows, compared with the NY-ESO-1 group and the NY-ESO-1-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the NY-ESO-1 fusion antigen group (i.e., NY/ESO/1-3 5pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 34, i.e.,

MQAEGRGTGGSTGDADGPGGPGIPDGPGGNAGGPGEAGATGGRGPRGAGA
ARASGPGGGAPRGPHGGAASGLNGCCRCGARGPESRLLEFYLAMPFATPM
EAELARRSLAQDAPPLPVPGVLLKEFTVSGNILTIRLTAADHRQLQLSIS
SCLQQLSLLMWITQCFLPVFLAQPPSGQRRGPSLAKXVXAWTLKAAA.

As FIG. 15 shows, compared with the FR-α group and the FR-α-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the FR-α fusion antigen group (i.e., FRα-3 8pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 35, i.e.,

RIAWARTELLNVCMNAKHHKEKPGPEDKLHEQCRPWRKNACCSTNTSQEA
HKDVSYLYRFNWNHCGEMAPACKRHFIQDTCLYECSPNLGPWIQQVDQSW
RKERVLNVPLCKEDCEQWWEDCRTSYTCKSNWHKGWNWTSGENKCAVGAA
CQPFHFYFPTPTVLCNEIWTHSYKVSNYSRGSGRCIQMWFDPAQGNPNEE
VARFYAAAMSGPSLAKXVAAWXLKAAA.

As FIG. 16 shows, compared with the EPCAM group and the EPCAM-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the EPCAM fusion antigen group (i.e., EPCAM-3 11pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 36, i.e.,

QEECVCENYKLAVNCFVNNNRQCQCTSVGAQNTVICSKLAAKCLVMKAEM
NGSKLGRRAKPEGALQNNDGLYDPDCDESGLFKAKQCNGTSMCWCVNTAG
VRRTDKDTEITCSERVRTYWIIIELKHKAREKPYDSKSLRTALQKEITTR
YQLDPKFITSILYENNVITIDLVQNSSQKTQNDVDIADVAYYFEKDVKGE
SLFHSKKMDLTVNGEQLDLDPGQTLIYYVDEKAPEFSMQGLKGPSLAKXV
AAWTLKXAA.

As FIG. 17 shows, compared with the P53 group and the P53-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the P53 fusion antigen group (i.e., P53-5 8pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 37, i.e.,

MEEPQSDPSVEPPLSQETFSDLWKLLPENNVLSPLPSQAMDDLMLSPDDI
EQWFTEDPGPDEAPRMPEAAPPVAPAPAAPTPAAPAPAPSWPLSSSVPSQ
KTYQGSYGFRLGFLHSGTAKSVTCTYSPALNKMFCQLAKTCPVQLWVDST
PPPGTRVRAMAIYKQSQHMTEVVRRCPHHERCSDSDGLAPPQHLIRVEGN
LRVEYLDDRNTFRHSVVVPYEPPEVGSDCTTIHYNYMCNSSCMGGMNRRP
ILTIITLEDSSGNLLGRNSFEVRVCACPGRDRRTEEENLRKKGEPHHELP
PGSTKRALPNNTSSSPQPKKKPLDGEYFTLQIRGRERFEMFRELNEALEL
KDAQAGKEPGGSRAHSSHLKSKKGQSTSRHKKLMEKTEGPDSDGPSLAKE
VXAWXLKAAA.

As FIG. 18 shows, compared with the MESOTHELIN group and the MESOTHELIN-PADRE group, the antibody titers produced by the MESOTHELIN fusion antigen group (i.e., Mesothelin-5 11pPhe-PADRE) constructed in this example increased significantly. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 38, i.e.,

LAGETGQEAAPLDGVLANPPNISSLSPRQLLGFPCAEVSGLSTERVRELA
VALAQKNVKLSTEQLRCLAHRLSEPPEDLDALPLDLLLFLNPDAFSGPQA
CTRFFSRITKANVDLLPRGAPERQRLLPAALACWGVRGSLLSEADVRALG
GLACDLPGRFVAESAEVLLPRLVSCPGPLDQDQQEAARAALQGGGPPYGP
PSTWSVSTMDALRGLLPVLGQPIIRSIPQGIVAAWRQRSSRDPSWRQPER
TILRPRFRREVEKTACPSGKKAREIDESLIFYKKWELEACVDAALLATQM
DRVNAIPFTYEQLDVLKHKLDELYPQGYPESVIQHLGYLFLKMSPEDIRK
WNVTSLETLKALLEVNKGHEMSPQAPRRPLPQVATLIDRFVKGRGQLDKD
TLDTLTAFYPGYLCSLSPEELSSVPPSSIWAVRPQDLDTCDPRQLDVLYP
KARLAFQNMNGSEYFVKIQSFLGGAPTEDLKALSQQNVSMDLATFMKLRT
DAVLPLTVAEVQKLLGPHVEGLKAEERHRPVRDWILRQRQDDLDTLGLGL
QGGIPNGYLVLDLSMQEALSGPSLAKFVXAWTLKXAA.

FIG. 19 shows that compared with the WT1 group and the WT1-PADRE group, the WT1 fusion antigen group constructed in this example (i.e., WT1-8, 11pPhe-PADRE) produced a significant increase in antibody titers. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 39, i.e.,

MGSDVRDLNALLPAVPSLGGGGGCALPVSGAAQWAPVLDFAPPGASAYGS
LGGPAPPPAPPPPPPPPPHSFIKQEPSWGGAEPHEEQCLSAFTVHFSGQF
TGTAGACRYGPFGPPPPSQASSGQARMFPNAPYLPSCLESQPAIRNQGYS
TVTFDGTPSYGHTPSHHAAQFPNHSFKHEDPMGQQGSLGEQQYSVPPPVY
GCHTPTDSCTGSQALLLRTPYSSDNLYQMTSQLECMTWNQMNLGATLKGV
AAGSSSSVKWTEGQSNHSTGYESDNHTTPILCGAQYRIHTHGVFRGIQDV
RRVPGVAPTLVRSASETSEKRPFMCAYPGCNKRYFKLSHLQMHSRKHTGE
KPYQCDFKDCERRFSRSDQLKRHQRRHTGVKPFQCKTCQRKFSRSDHLKT
HTRTHTGKTSEKPFSCRWPSCQKKFARSDELVRHENMHQRNMTKLQLALG
PSLAKFVAAWXLKXAA.

FIG. 23 shows that compared with the B epitope SEQ ID NO: 43 group and the B epitope SEQ ID NO: 43-PADRE group, a significant increase in antibody titers in the epitope fusion antigen group constructed in this embodiment (i.e., B epitope+3 pPhe-PADRE).

The B epitope SEQ ID NO: 43 is FLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPE. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 47, which is FLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEGPSLAKFXAAWTLKAAA.

FIG. 24 shows that compared with the Aβ protein-42 group and the Aβ protein-PADRE group, the Aβ protein-42 fusion antigen group constructed in this experiment i.e., A-beta protein-6pPhe-PADRE) produced a significant increase in antibody titers. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 48, i.e., LVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIAGPSLAKFVAXWTLKAAA.

The CTL-mediated cytotoxicity detection tests are shown in the following table:

				CTL-mediated
				cytotoxicity
Test	Helper epitope	Existing antigen	Fusion antigen	detection
number	peptide	or epitope	sequence	result diagram
21	SEQ ID NO: 2	SEQ ID NO: 40	SEQ ID NO: 44	FIG. 20
22	SEQ ID NO: 3	SEQ ID NO: 41	SEQ ID NO: 45	FIG. 21
23	SEQ ID NO: 4	SEQ ID NO: 42	SEQ ID NO: 46	FIG. 22

The results shown in each figure are as follows:

FIG. 20 shows that the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity induced by the epitope fusion antigen group (i.e., the epitope 1+1p-PADRE constructed in this embodiment is significantly enhanced when compared with the epitope SEQ ID NO:40 group and the epitope SEQ ID NO: 40-PADre group.

The epitope SEQ ID NO: 40 is VLDNGDPL. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 44, i.e., VLDNGDPLGPSLXKFVAAWTLKAAA.

FIG. 21 shows that the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity induced by the epitope fusion antigen group constructed in this embodiment (i.e., the epitope 2+2p-PADRE) is significantly enhanced compared with the epitope SEQ ID NO:41 group and the epitope SEQ ID NO: 41-PADre group.

The epitope SEQ ID NO: 41 is TGYLYISA. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 45, i.e., TGYLYISAGPSLAXFVAAWTLKAAA.

FIG. 22 shows that the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity induced by the epitope fusion antigen group constructed in this embodiment (i.e., the epitope 3+3p-PADRE) is significantly enhanced when compared with the epitope SEQ ID NO:42 group and the epitope SEQ ID NO: 42-PADre group.

The epitope SEQ ID NO: 42 is VLDNGDPLGPSLTGYLYISA. The sequence of the fusion antigen is SEQ ID NO: 46, i.e., VLDNGDPLGPSLTGYLYISAGPSLAKXVAAWTLKAAA.

In addition, this example actually verifies the ability of the fusion antigen obtained by linking the remaining helper epitope peptides with existing antigens or epitopes in Example 1 of this example to induce antibodies or activate the CTL. Due to space limitations, specific test results are not listed here. The results show that all the helper epitope peptides of Example 1 have excellent ability to assist existing antigens or epitopes to produce antibodies or CTL-mediated cytotoxicity.

In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacements or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A helper epitope peptide consisting of a modified sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein one or two amino acid residues within SEQ ID NO:1 is 4-nitrophenylalanine, and the modified sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is SEQ ID NO: 12.

2. The helper epitope peptide of claim 1, wherein the helper epitope peptide is used for enhancing the immunogenicity of antigens or epitopes containing amino acid residues; or is used to prepare or construct vaccines.

3. The helper epitope peptide of claim 1, wherein the helper epitope peptide is in a pharmaceutical composition, biochip, vaccine, or vaccine composition.

4. The helper epitope peptide of claim 3, wherein the vaccine or vaccine composition comprises tumor vaccine or vaccine composition.

5. A fusion antigen, comprising the helper epitope peptide of claim 1 and an antigen or an epitope containing amino acid residues, wherein the helper epitope peptide is linked to the amino acid residue of the antigen or epitope.

6. The fusion antigen of claim 5, wherein the helper epitope peptide is linked to the antigen or the amino acid residues of the antigen epitope via a linking peptide GPSL, and the linking peptide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 51.

7. The fusion antigen according to claim 6, wherein the antigen or epitope is selected from HER2, PD-L1, PD-1, EGFR, CD20, CD66e, CD227, VEGFR, IL-2R, CTLA-4, PSMA, TOLL-1, GATA-4, NY-ESO-1, FR-α, CA125, EpCAM-CD3, P53, Mesothelin, WT1, and Aβ-proteins, or is a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:40 to SEQ ID NO: 43.

8. The fusion antigen according to claim 7, wherein the fusion antigen is a polypeptide, and has a sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.

9. A vaccine or vaccine composition comprising the fusion antigen of claim 5.

10. A vaccine or vaccine composition containing the fusion antigen of claim 6.

11. A vaccine or vaccine composition containing the fusion antigen of claim 7.

12. A vaccine or vaccine composition containing the fusion antigen of claim 8.