Patent Application
20210156049
The present invention relates to a field of manufacturing hemp fibers. Specifically, the present invention relates to a herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus and a method.
Hemp fibers have a long application history, a manufacture processes thereof generally include pretreatment, inoculation, zymosis, inactivation, cleaning, etc, and all the time, all these processes are performed manually in a natural way. However, the conventional processes occupy large space, take a long time, resulting in low production efficiency. With the development of industrialization, the hemp fiber production technology also changes. For example, after raw materials are separated from a stem and peeled, a machine is used to grind them, so that an epidermis is crushed and separated from bast fibers. In this process, there is a problem in which, if a grinding force is too small, it is difficult for the epidermis to be separated from the bast fibers, and if the grinding force is too large, the bast fibers are prone to be damaged. In addition, in the process of pretreatment, a large number of crushed scraps of the epidermis and fibers will be generated, form a large amount of dust, which will not only pollute the environment, but also cause damage to workers' health.
A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome a disadvantage of an existing apparatus for separating the bast fibers and the epidermis in which the separation is incomplete or the bast fibers are damaged and the environment is polluted, and there is provided a herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus which is able to not damage fibers and is environmentally friendly while separating the bast fibers and the epidermis.
A herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of the present invention comprises:
a feeding device which includes a conveyor belt for conveying herbage fiber materials and a feeding drive device for driving the conveyor belt to operate;
a grinding device which includes a rack and multiple pairs of grinding rollers provided on the rack, the multiple pairs of grinding rollers including straight tooth rollers, left-hand curved tooth rollers, right-hand curved tooth rollers and straight tooth rollers set in order in a feeding direction, each pair of grinding rollers including a driving roller and a driven roller which is located directly above the driving roller and meshes with the driving roller, a grinding space, which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, being formed between a meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driving roller and a meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driven roller, grinding spaces of the multiple pairs of grinding rollers being aligned in a horizontal plane to constitute a grinding channel, the rack being provided with a slideway which extends upward and downward, installation shafts of the driven rollers being able to displace to a certain degree along the slideway in an up and down direction, and being simultaneously limited in a horizontal direction, the grinding device further including multiple springs, one end of each spring being fixed to the rack, the other end of each spring contacting the installation shaft of the driven roller, the multiple springs contacting the multiple driven rollers in a one-to-one corresponding way, the springs applying downward pre-tensioning forces to the installation shafts of the driven rollers, one end of the grinding device which is connected with the feeding device being provided with a guide barrel which is used to receive the herbage fiber materials from the feeding device and perform preliminary shaping on them, the guide barrel having a rectangular inlet facing the feeding device and a rectangular outlet facing the grinding rollers, and in the up and down direction, a size of the inlet being larger than that of the outlet, the outlet of the guide barrel facing the grinding channel and guiding the herbage fiber materials into the grinding space;
a separation device which includes a perforated conveyor device, a vibration drive device for driving the perforated conveyor device to vibrate, and a blower for blowing away crushed scraps of an epidermis;
a dust collection device which includes a housing which covers at least the grinding device and the separation device, a dust collection tube which communicates with an interior of the housing, and an exhaust fan which causes a negative pressure to be formed within the housing and the dust collection tube.
Preferably, the dust collection device includes a first dust collection tube which communicates with a top of the housing and a second dust collection tube which communicates with a bottom of the housing, a position in which the housing communicates with the first dust collection tube has a reverse funnel shape, a position in which the housing communicates with the second dust collection tube has a funnel shape.
Preferably, in a position close to the position where the feeding device and the grinding device connect, the housing of the dust collection device is provided with a material inlet which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, and in a position close to one end of the separation device which is remote from the grinding device, the housing of the dust collection device is provided with a material outlet which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass.
Preferably, a distance between the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driving roller and the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driven roller is 2-10 mm, sizes in a direction of the shaft of the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driving roller and the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driven roller are the same and are 400-1000 mm.
Preferably, the pre-tensioning force of the spring is 150-250 KN.
Preferably, one end of the spring is fixed to the rack through a screw, the other end of the spring is fixed to the installation shaft of the driven roller through the screw. An inner diameter of the spring is 12-24 mm, a diameter of the screw is 14-22 mm, an end portion of the spring is fit over the screw.
The present invention also provides a herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding herbage fiber materials to a guide barrel of a grinding device through a feeding device, and after passing the guide barrel, the herbage fiber materials being preliminarily arranged into a fodder curtain which has width and thickness normalized to be consistent;
(2) causing the herbage fiber materials which are arranged into the fodder curtain to, in order, pass straight tooth rollers to be distributed evenly and compacted, pass left-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a left direction, pass right-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a right direction, and pass straight tooth rollers to be stretched to be straight;
(3) conveying the herbage fiber materials which pass the rollers to a vibratable separation device, to cause crushed scraps of the epidermis to be separated from the herbage fibers;
the above mentioned respective steps being all done within a housing of a dust collection device, and while executing the above mentioned steps, the crushed scraps of the epidermis and dust within the housing entering a filter under the action of a negative pressure.
In comparison with the prior art, the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus and the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method of the present invention have the following advantageous effects:
the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus includes the dust collection device which may cover the grinding device and the separation device, to prevent the scraps and dust from spreading, the dust removal apparatus may also perform a collection process on the scraps and dust, prevent them from polluting the environment, prevent them from damaging workers' health. Accordingly, in the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method, a process of dust removal is added. In addition, performing the drying process after removing the epidermis of the herbage fiber materials may improve efficiency of drying and save energy. Meanwhile, by providing the rack with the slideway which extends upward and downward, and setting springs between the rack and the installation shafts of the driven rollers, it is possible to automatically adjust positions and the pre-tensioning forces of the driven rollers according to thickness of the herbage fiber materials.
1 feeding device, 11 conveyor belt, 12 feeding drive device;
2 grinding device, 21 rack, 22 driving roller, 221 concave and convex teeth of driving roller, 23 driving shaft, 24 driven roller, 241 concave and convex teeth of driven roller, 25 installation shaft, 26 spring, 27 screw, 28 guide barrel, 281 inlet, 282 outlet, 29 grinding space;
3 separation device, 31 hollowed-out conveyor belt, 32 vibration drive device;
4 dust collection device, 41 housing, 42 first dust collection tube, 43 second dust collection tube, 44 material inlet, 45 material outlet.
A herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of the present invention may be applied to a pretreatment process of various bast fiber plants such as hemp, ramie, kenaf, etc, performs a peeling process on herbage fiber materials with an epidermis, and the herbage fiber materials after the peeling process may be subjected to other processes such as drying, etc.
The feeding device 1 includes a conveyor belt 11 for conveying the herbage fiber materials and a feeding drive device 12 for driving the conveyor belt 11 to operate, and as a preferable scheme, the conveyor belt 11 is inclined, one end thereof which is remote from the grinding device 2 is lower, a worker may handle the herbage fiber materials to the conveyor belt 11 more easily. The conveyor belt 11 therein is preferably hollowed-out, e.g. has circular or long-strip-shaped holes, and in the course of conveying, a part of the epidermis which has already been separated from the bast fibers and other impurities may fall through the holes, will not enter the grinding device 2 along with the bast fibers. The feeding drive device 12 may be an electric motor, and via a reducer, drive the conveyor belt 11 to operate.
One end of the grinding device 2 is connected with the feeding device 1 to receive the herbage fiber materials from the feeding device 1, the grinding device 2 includes a rack 21 and multiple pairs of grinding rollers provided on the rack 21. The multiple pairs of grinding rollers include straight tooth rollers, left-hand curved tooth rollers, right-hand curved tooth rollers and straight tooth rollers set in order in a feeding direction. Each pair of grinding rollers include a driving roller 22 and a driven roller 24 which is located directly above the driving roller 22 and meshes with the driving roller 22. A shaft of the driving roller 22 is a driving shaft 23, the driving roller 22 is connected with the driving shaft 23 through a key, so that it rotates under the driving of the driving shaft 23. The driven roller 24 is connected with a installation shaft 25 thereof through a bearing, and under the driving of the driving roller 22, the driven roller 24 rotates relative to the installation shaft 25. As shown in
One end of the grinding device 2 which is connected with the feeding device 1 is provided with a guide barrel 28 which is used to receive the herbage fiber materials from the feeding device 1 and perform preliminary shaping on them, the guide barrel 28 has a rectangular inlet 281 facing the feeding device 1 and a rectangular outlet 282 facing the grinding rollers, and in an up and down direction, a size of the inlet 281 is larger than that of the outlet 282, the outlet of the guide barrel 28 faces the grinding channel and guides the herbage fiber materials into the grinding channel.
The rack 21 is provided with a slideway (not shown in the Figure) which extends upward and downward , the shafts of the driven rollers 24 may displace to a certain degree along the slideway in the up and down direction, and is simultaneously limited in a horizontal direction, i.e., the driven rollers 24 may displace in the up and down direction, but are fixed in the horizontal direction. A specific structure of the slideway may be a sliding groove, the shaft is provided with a sliding block, the sliding block may move up and down along the sliding groove within the sliding groove, but can not move horizontally. The slideway may also be a slide rail, and at this time, the sliding block of the shaft is provided with a groove which cooperates with the slide rail.
The grinding device 2 further includes multiple springs 26, one end of each spring 26 is fixed to the rack 21, the other end of each spring 26 contacts the shaft of the driven roller 24, the multiple springs 26 contact the multiple driven rollers 24 in a one-to-one corresponding way, the springs 26 apply downward pre-tensioning forces to the shafts of the driven rollers 24. As a preferable scheme, the pre-tensioning force of the spring 26 is 150-250 KN, one end of the spring 26 is fixed to the rack 21 through a screw 27, and in the present embodiment, an inner diameter of the spring 26 is 12-24 mm, a diameter of the screw 27 is 14-22 mm, one end of the spring 26 is fit over the screw 27. The other end of the spring 26 may also be fixed to the shaft of the driven roller 24 through the screw 27.
Since it is not possible to guarantee that the thickness of the herbage fiber materials is completely consistent, when thin parts pass the grinding space, the driven roller is in a lower position under the pre-tensioning force of the spring 26 to grind the herbage fiber materials. When thick parts pass the grinding space, under a reacting force of the herbage fiber materials, the driven roller 24 overcomes the pre-tensioning force of the spring 26 to rise to a certain degree along the slideway, and on the premise of guaranteeing an effect of grinding, allows the thick parts to pass the grinding space.
The separation device 3 includes a hollowed-out conveyor belt 31, a vibration drive device 32 for driving the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31 to vibrate, and a blower for blowing away the crushed scraps of the epidermis (not shown in the Figure). The vibration drive device 32 may adopt a crank link structure driven by an electric motor, drive the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31 to perform high-speed short linear reciprocating motion, so as to form vibration. When the herbage fiber materials pass on the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31, a part of the crushed scraps of the epidermis fall through the hollowed-out parts under the vibration, a part of the crushed scraps of the epidermis are blown away by the blower.
The dust collection device 4 includes a housing 41 which covers at least the grinding device 2 and the separation device 3, a dust collection tube which communicates with an interior of the housing 41, a filter (not shown in the Figure)which is provided on the dust collection tube and an exhaust fan (not shown in the Figure)which causes a negative pressure to be formed within the housing 41 and the dust collection tube. The crushed scraps of the epidermis and dust are covered within the housing 41, and under the action of the negative pressure, enter the dust collection tube, pass the filter and are exhausted, will not pollute the environment. Preferably, the filter may be set in multiple stages, e.g. in a position close to the housing 41, a filter of a large aperture may be set, to prevent large scraps, and in a position remote from the housing 41, a filter of a small aperture may be set, to filter out dust.
The dust collection device 4 includes a first dust collection tube 42 which communicates with a top of the housing 41 and a second dust collection tube 43 which communicates with a bottom of the housing 41, a position in which the housing 41 communicates with the first dust collection tube 42 has a reverse funnel shape, a position in which the housing 41 communicates with the second dust collection tube 43 has a funnel shape. Such a shape of the housing 41 is more advantageous for the scraps and dust to enter the dust collection tubes. It is also possible to directly design a bottom wall of the housing 41 to has a large funnel shape, so that a part of the scraps and dust are collected along the inclined wall according to their own weights.
In a position close to the position where the feeding device 1 and the grinding device 2 connect, the housing 41 of the dust collection device 4 is provided with a material inlet 44 which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, and in a position close to one end of the separation device 3 which is remote from the grinding device 2, the housing 41 of the dust collection device 4 is provided with a material outlet 45 which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass.
As a preferable scheme, the grinding device 2 includes four pairs of grinding rollers, wherein the grinding rollers which are located at two ends are straight tooth rollers, two pairs of grinding rollers which are located in the middle are curved tooth rollers. The straight tooth rollers provide larger grinding forces, crush the epidermis, and the curved tooth rollers, on the one hand, crush and loosen the epidermis and cause it to be separated from the bast fibers, on the other hand, comb the bast fibers. Of course, in other embodiments, it is also possible to adopt 2 or 3 or 5 pairs of grinding rollers.
As a preferable scheme, a distance between the meshing plane of the driving roller 22 and the meshing plane of the driven roller 24 is 2-10 mm, the distance is a static distance, i.e., a distance between them when no herbage fiber materials pass. Sizes in a direction of the shaft of the meshing plane of the driving roller 22 and the meshing plane of the driven roller 24 are the same and are both 400-1000 mm, which guarantees that the herbage fiber materials that pass the grinding device 2 are all ground.
The present invention also provides a herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding herbage fiber materials to a guide barrel of a grinding device through a feeding device, and after passing the guide barrel, the herbage fiber materials being preliminarily arranged into a fodder curtain which has width and thickness normalized to be consistent;
(2) causing the herbage fiber materials which are arranged into the fodder curtain to, in order, pass straight tooth rollers to be distributed evenly and compacted, pass left-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a left direction, pass right-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a right direction, and pass straight tooth rollers to be stretched to be straight;
(3) conveying the herbage fiber materials which pass the rollers to a vibratable separation device, to cause crushed scraps of the epidermis to be separated from the herbage fibers;
the above mentioned respective steps being all done within a housing of a dust collection device, and while executing the above mentioned steps, the crushed scraps of the epidermis and dust within the housing entering a filter under the action of a negative pressure.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, are not used to limit the present invention, a protection scope of the present invention is defined by claims. Various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention made by those skilled in the art within the substance and the protection scope of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201710331313.9 | May 2017 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/086311 | 5/10/2018 | WO | 00 |
