Patent Application
20240124432
The present invention relates to herbicidally active isoxazoline derivatives, as well as to processes and intermediates used for the preparation of such derivatives. The invention further extends to herbicidal compositions comprising such derivatives, as well as to the use of such compounds and compositions for controlling undesirable plant growth: in particular the use for controlling weeds, in crops of useful plants.
The present invention is based on the finding that isoxazoline derivatives of formula (I) as defined herein, exhibit surprisingly good herbicidal activity. Thus, according to the present invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof:
wherein
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an agrochemical composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) and an agrochemically-acceptable diluent or carrier. Such an agricultural composition may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of controlling or preventing undesirable plant growth, wherein a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a composition comprising this compound as active ingredient, is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I) as a herbicide.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
As used herein, the term “halogen” or “halo” refers to fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) or iodine (iodo), preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
As used herein, cyano means a —CN group.
As used herein, hydroxy means an —OH group.
As used herein, nitro means an —NO2 group.
As used herein, the term “C1-C6alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to six carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. C1-C4alkyl and C1-C2alkyl are to be construed accordingly. Examples of C1-C6alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), n-butyl, and 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl).
As used herein, the term “C1-C6alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula —ORa where Ra is a C1-C6alkyl radical as generally defined above. C1-C4alkoxy is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C1-4alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso-propoxy and t-butoxy.
As used herein, the term “C1-C6haloalkyl” refers to a C1-C6alkyl radical as generally defined above substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. C1-C4haloalkyl is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C1-C6haloalkyl include, but are not limited to chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, fluoroethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl.
As used herein, the term “C2-C6alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond that can be of either the (E)- or (Z)-configuration, having from two to six carbon atoms, which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. C2-C4alkenyl is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C2-C6alkenyl include, but are not limited to, prop-1-enyl, allyl (prop-2-enyl) and but-1-enyl.
As used herein, the term “C2-C6haloalkenyl” refers to a C2-C6alkenyl radical as generally defined above substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. Examples of C2-C6haloalkenyl include, but are not limited to chloroethylene, fluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene.
As used herein, the term “C2-C6alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one triple bond, having from two to six carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. C2-C4alkynyl is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C2-C6alkynyl include, but are not limited to, prop-1-ynyl, propargyl (prop-2-ynyl) and but-1-ynyl.
As used herein, the term “C1-C6haloalkoxy” refers to a C1-C6alkoxy group as defined above substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. C1-C4haloalkoxy is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C1-C6haloalkoxy include, but are not limited to, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, fluoroethoxy, trifluoromethoxy and trifluoroethoxy.
As used herein, the term “C1-C3haloalkoxyC1-C3alkyl” refers to a radical of the formula Rb—O—Ra— where Rb is a C1-C3haloalkyl radical as generally defined above, and Ra is a C1-C3alkylene radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “C1-C3alkoxyC1-C3alkyl” refers to a radical of the formula Rb—O—Ra— where Rb is a C1-C3alkyl radical as generally defined above, and Ra is a C1-C3alkylene radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “C1-C3alkoxyC1-C3alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula Rb—O—Ra—O— where Rb is a C1-C3alkyl radical as generally defined above, and Ra is a C1-C3alkylene radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “C3-C6alkenyloxy” refers to a radical of the formula —ORa where Ra is a C3-C6alkenyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “C3-C6alkynyloxy” refers to a radical of the formula —ORa where Ra is a C3-C6alkynyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “hydroxyC1-C6alkyl” refers to a C1-C6alkyl radical as generally defined above substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.
As used herein, the term “C1-C6alkylcarbonyl” refers to a radical of the formula —C(O)Ra where Ra is a C1-C6alkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl” refers to a radical of the formula —C(O)ORa where Ra is a C1-C6alkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “aminocarbonyl” refers to a radical of the formula —C(O)NH2.
As used herein, the term “aminothiocarbonyl” refers to a radical of the formula —C(S)NH2.
As used herein, the term “C3-C6cycloalkyl” refers to a stable, monocyclic ring radical which is saturated or partially unsaturated and contains 3 to 6 carbon atoms. C3-C4cycloalkyl is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C3-C6cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
As used herein, the term “C3-C6halocycloalkyl” refers to a C3-C6cycloalkyl radical as generally defined above substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. C3-C4halocycloalkyl is to be construed accordingly.
As used herein, the term “C3-C6cycloalkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula —ORa where Ra is a C3-C6cycloalkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “N-C3-C6cycloalkylamino” refers to a radical of the formula —NHRa where Ra is a C3-C6cycloalkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, except where explicitly stated otherwise, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring which comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heteroaryl radical may be bonded to the rest of the molecule via a carbon atom or heteroatom. Examples of heteroaryl include, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyridyl.
As used herein, except where explicitly stated otherwise, the term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a stable 4- to 6-membered non-aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heterocyclyl radical may be bonded to the rest of the molecule via a carbon atom or heteroatom. Examples of heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydroisoxazolyl, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl or δ-lactamyl.
The presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms. Also atropisomers may occur as a result of restricted rotation about a single bond. Formula (I) is intended to include all those possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof. The present invention includes all those possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof for a compound of formula (I). Likewise, formula (I) is intended to include all possible tautomers (including lactam-lactim tautomerism and ketoenol tautomerism) where present. The present invention includes all possible tautomeric forms for a compound of formula (I). Similarly, where there are di-substituted alkenes, these may be present in E or Z form or as mixtures of both in any proportion. The present invention includes all these possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof for a compound of formula (I).
The compounds of formula (I) will typically be provided in the form of an agronomically acceptable salt, a zwitterion or an agronomically acceptable salt of a zwitterion. This invention covers all such agronomically acceptable salts, zwitterions and mixtures thereof in all proportions.
Suitable agronomically acceptable salts of the present invention can be with cations that include but are not limited to, metals, conjugate acids of amines and organic cations. Examples of suitable metals include aluminium, calcium, cesium, copper, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, iron and zinc. Examples of suitable amines include allylamine, ammonia, amylamine, arginine, benethamine, benzathine, butenyl-2-amine, butylamine, butylethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, decylamine, diamylamine, dibutylamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, diethylenetriamine, diheptylamine, dihexylamine, diisoamylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethylamine, dioctylamine, dipropanolamine, dipropargylamine, dipropylamine, dodecylamine, ethanolamine, ethylamine, ethylbutylamine, ethylenediamine, ethylheptylamine, ethyloctylamine, ethylpropanolamine, heptadecylamine, heptylamine, hexadecylamine, hexenyl-2-amine, hexylamine, hexylheptylamine, hexyloctylamine, histidine, indoline, isoamylamine, isobutanolamine, isobutylamine, isopropanolamine, isopropylamine, lysine, meglumine, methoxyethylamine, methylamine, methylbutylamine, methylethylamine, methylhexylamine, methylisopropylamine, methylnonylamine, methyloctadecylamine, methylpentadecylamine, morpholine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N-methylpiperazine, nonylamine, octadecylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, pentadecylamine, pentenyl-2-amine, phenoxyethylamine, picoline, piperazine, piperidine, propanolamine, propylamine, propylenediamine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, sec-butylamine, stearylamine, tallowamine, tetradecylamine, tributylamine, tridecylamine, trimethylamine, triheptylamine, trihexylamine, triisobutylamine, triisodecylamine, triisopropylamine, trimethylamine, tripentylamine, tripropylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and undecylamine. Examples of suitable organic cations include benzyltributylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, benzyltriphenylphosphonium, choline, tetrabutylammonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, tetraethylammonium, tetraethylphosphonium, tetramethylammonium, tetramethylphosphonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrapropylphosphonium, tributylsulfonium, tributylsulfoxonium, triethylsulfonium, triethylsulfoxonium, trimethylsulfonium, trimethylsulfoxonium, tripropylsulfonium and tripropylsulfoxonium.
The following list provides definitions, including preferred definitions, for substituents A, B, D, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 with reference to the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention. For any one of these substituents, any of the definitions given below may be combined with any definition of any other substituent given below or elsewhere in this document.
Preferably A is selected from the group consisting of C-R17 and nitrogen, more preferably nitrogen;
Preferably B is selected from the group consisting of C-R18 and nitrogen, more preferably C-R18;
Preferably D is slected from the group consisting of C-R1 and N+—O−, more preferably C-R1;
Preferably X is selected from the group consisting of C-R19 and nitrogen, more preferably C-R19;
Preferrably with the proviso that a maximum of one of A, B, and X is nitrogen, more preferrably with the proviso that one of A, B, and X is nitrogen, even more preferrably with the proviso that one of A, B, D, and X is nitrogen;
Preferably Y is C—H.
Preferably R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, more preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, most preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl.
Preferably R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, more preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, most preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl; or
Preferably R2 and R19 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-membered saturated ring, optionally containing one or two oxygen atoms, and which may be substituted with 1-2 groups R20.
Preferably R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine, more preferably chlorine and fluorine.
Preferably R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, cyano and aminothiocarbonyl, more preferably chlorine, cyano and aminothiocarbonyl, most preferably chlorine.
Preferably each R5 and R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, CO2R9 and CH2OR12, more preferably hydrogen and C1-C2alkyl, most preferably hydrogen.
Preferably each R7 and R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, CO2R9, CONR10R11 and CH2OR12. More preferably R7 is selected from the group consisting of CO2R9, CONR10R11 and CH2OR12, most preferably CO2R9. More preferably R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4alkyl, most preferably methyl.
Preferably R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C2alkoxyC1-C2alkyl, phenylC1-C2alkyl and phenylC1-C2alkyl substituted by 1-2 groups R13, more preferably hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C2alkoxyC1-C2alkyl and phenylC1-C2alkyl, most preferably hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl and phenylC1-C2alkyl.
Preferably R10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and SO2R14, more preferably SO2R14.
Preferably R11 is hydrogen.
Preferably R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2alkylsulfonyl, C1-C2haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C4alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl substituted by 1-2 groups R13, phenylC1-C2alkylcarbonyl and phenylC1-C2alkylcarbonyl substituted by 1-2 groups R13 more preferably C1-C2alkylsulfonyl, C1-C2haloalkylsulfonyl and C1-C4alkylcarbonyl.
Preferably R13 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, cyano and C1-C4alkylsulfonyl.
Preferably R14 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4alkyl(C1-C4alkyl)amino, more preferably methyl and isopropyl(methyl)amino.
Preferably R17 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, more preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, most preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl.
Preferably R18 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, more preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, most preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl.
Preferably R19 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, more preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, most preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl.
Preferably R20 is halogen, more preferably fluorine.
In embodiments where two of A, B, D and X are nitrogen, preferrably B is nitrogen. In embodiments where one of A, B, D and X is nitrogen, preferrably A is nitrogen. A first preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
A first more preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
A second preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
A second more preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
A third preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
A third more preferred subset of compounds is one in which;
Table 1 below discloses 840 specific compounds of formula (I), designated compound numbers 1-1 to 1-840 respectively, wherein Y is C—H, R4 is chlorine, R5 and R6 are hydrogen, and R8 is methyl.
840 compounds of formula (I), wherein Y is C—H, R4 is cyano, R5 and R6 are hydrogen, R8 is methyl, and the values of A, B, X, D, R2, R3 and R7 are as given in Table 1 for compounds 1-1 to 1-840, are designated as compound numbers 2-1 to 2-840 respectively,
840 compounds of formula (I), wherein Y is N, R4 is chloro, R5 and R6 are hydrogen, R8 is methyl, and the values of A, B, X, D, R2, R3 and R7 are as given in Table 1 for compounds 1-1 to 1-840, are designated as compound numbers 3-1 to 3-840 respectively,
Compounds of the invention may be prepared by techniques known to the person skilled in the art of organic chemistry. General methods for the production of compounds of formula (I) are described below. Unless otherwise stated in the text, the substituents A,B, D, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 are as defined hereinbefore. The starting materials used for the preparation of the compounds of the invention may be purchased from usual commercial suppliers or may be prepared by known methods. The starting materials as well as the intermediates may be purified before use in the next step by state of the art methodologies such as chromatography, crystallization, distillation and filtration.
Compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from compounds of formula (A) and compounds of formula (B) as shown in reaction scheme 1.
For example, a mixture of a compound of formula (A) and a compound of formula (B), wherein Hal represents a halogen atom, for example a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, may be treated with a metal catalyst, such as palladium acetate, optionally in the presence of a suitable ligand, such as a phosphine ligand, for example S-Phos, or a preformed complex of a metal and a ligand, such as dppf palladium dichloride, and a base, such as potassium acetate, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane.
Boronic acids (or the corresponding boronate esters) of formula (A) are available or may be prepared by methods well known in the literature.
Compounds of formula (B) may be prepared from anilines of formula (C) as shown in reaction scheme 2.
For example, a compound of formula (C) may be treated with a metal halide, such as potassium iodide, and a nitrosylating reagent, such as sodium nitrite and toluene sulphonic acid, in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of water and acetontrile.
Anilines of formula (C) may be prepared from nitro compounds of formula (D) as shown in reaction scheme 3.
For example, a compound of formula (D) can be treated with a reducing agent, such as iron and ammonium chloride, in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of water and ethanol.
Nitro compounds of formula (D) may be prepared from oximes of formula (E) and alkenes of formula (F) as shown in reaction scheme 4.
For example, an oxime of formula (E) may be treated with N-chlorosuccinimide in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide, and the resulting intermediate then treated with an alkene of formula (F) in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
Alkenes of formula (F) are available or may be prepared by methods well known in the literature.
Oximes of formula (E) may be prepared from aldehydes of formula (G) as shown in reaction scheme 5
For example, an aldehyde of formula (G) may be treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of water and ethanol.
Aldehydes of formula (G) are available or can be prepared by methods known in the literature. Compounds of formula (I-A), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is a carboxylic acid group, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-B), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is CO2R9, as shown in reaction scheme 6.
For example, a compound of formula (I-B) may be treated with sodium hydroxide in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of water and ethanol.
Compounds of formula (I-C), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is a hydroxymethyl group, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-A or I-B), as shown in reaction scheme 7.
For example, a compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B) may be treated with a suitable reducing agent, for example a metal hydride reagent, such as sodium borohydride or borane, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.
Compounds of formula (I-D), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is CH2OR12, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-C) as shown in reaction scheme 8.
For example, a compound of formula (I-C) may be treated with a reagent R12-LG, wherein LG is a leaving group such as a halogen, such as an alkylating agent, acylating agent or sulfonylating agent, in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride or triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.
Compounds of formula (I-E), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is CONR10R11, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-A) as shown in reaction scheme 9.
For example, a compound of formual (I-A) may be treated with a halogenating reagent, such as oxalyl chloride, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, to form an acyl halide which may be treated with a reagent HNR10R11 in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane.
Compounds of formula (I-G), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is an oxime group, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-F), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is a ketone group, as shown in reaction scheme 10.
For example, a compound of formula (I-F) may be treated a hydroxylamine H2NOR16, or a salt thereof, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol.
Compounds of formula (I-H), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is a hydrazone group, may be prepared from compounds of formula (I-F), which are compounds of formula (I) in which R7 is a ketone group, as shown in reaction scheme 11.
For example, a compound of formula (I-F) may be treated a hydrazine H2NN(R16)2, or a salt thereof, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol.
Compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared from compounds of formula (H) and compounds of formula (J) as shown in reaction scheme 12.
For example, a mixture of a compound of formula (H), wherein Hal represents a halogen atom, for example a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and a compound of formula (J) may be treated with a metal catalyst, such as palladium acetate, optionally in the presence of a suitable ligand, such as a phosphine ligand, for example S-Phos, or a preformed complex of a metal and a ligand, such as dppf palladium dichloride, and a base, such as potassium acetate, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane.
Halo-aromatic compounds of formula (H) are available or may be prepared by methods well known in the literature.
Compounds of formula (J) may be prepared from halo-aromatic compounds of formula (B) as shown in reaction scheme 13.
For example, a mixture of a compound of formula (B), wherein Hal represents a halogen atom, for example a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and a boron transfer reagent, for example tetrahydroxydiboron or, to prepare the corresponding boronate ester, bis(pinacolato)diboron, may be treated with a metal catalyst, such as palladium acetate, optionally in the presence of a suitable ligand, such as a phosphine ligand, for example S-Phos, or a preformed complex of a metal and a ligand, such as dppf palladium dichloride, and a base, such as potassium acetate, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane.
One skilled in the art will realise that it is often possible to alter the order in which the transformations described above are conducted, or to combine them in alternative ways to prepare a wide range of compounds of formula (I). Multiple steps may also be combined in a single reaction. All such variations are contemplated within the scope of the invention.
The skilled person will also be aware that some reagents will be incompatible with certain values or combinations of the substituents A, B, D, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 as defined herein, and any additional steps, such as protection and/or deprotection steps, which are necessary to achieve the desired transformation will be clear to the skilled person.
The compounds according to the invention can be used as herbicidal agents in unmodified form, but they are generally formulated into compositions in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). For water-soluble compounds, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates or water soluble granules are preferred. Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof.
The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95% by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.
The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.
Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.
A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g. in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey (1981).
Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micronutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers.
The compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10%, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
The herbicidal compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99% by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95% by weight, compounds of formula (I) and from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25% by weight of a surface-active substance. The inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99% by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compounds of the present invention and from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25% by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 I/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 I/ha.
Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %):
The composition of the present may further comprise at least one additional pesticide. For example, the compounds according to the invention can also be used in combination with other herbicides or plant growth regulators. In a preferred embodiment the additional pesticide is a herbicide and/or herbicide safener.
Thus, compounds of formula (I) can be used in combination with one or more other herbicides to provide various herbicidal mixtures. Specific examples of such mixtures include (wherein “I” represents a compound of formula (I)):- I+acetochlor; I+acifluorfen (including acifluorfen-sodium); I+aclonifen; I+alachlor; I+alloxydim; I+ametryn; I+amicarbazone; I+amidosulfuron; I+aminocyclopyrachlor; I+aminopyralid; I+amitrole; I+asulam; I+atrazine; I+bensulfuron (including bensulfuron-methyl); I+bentazone; I+bicyclopyrone; I+bilanafos; I+bifenox; I+bispyribac-sodium; I+bixlozone; I+bromacil; I+bromoxynil; I+butachlor; I+butafenacil; I+cafenstrole; I+carfentrazone (including carfentrazone-ethyl); cloransulam (including cloransulam-methyl); I+chlorimuron (including chlorimuron-ethyl); I+chlorotoluron; I+cinosulfuron; I+chlorsulfuron; I+cinmethylin; I+clacyfos; I+clethodim; I+clodinafop (including clodinafop-propargyl); I+clomazone; I+clopyralid; I+cyclopyranil; I+cyclopyrimorate; I+cyclosulfamuron; I+cyhalofop (including cyhalofop-butyl); I+2,4-D (including the choline salt and 2-ethylhexyl ester thereof); I+2,4-DB; I+daimuron; I+desmedipham; I+dicamba (including the aluminum, aminopropyl, bis-aminopropylmethyl, choline, dichloroprop, diglycolamine, dimethylamine, dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts thereof); I+diclofop-methyl; I+diclosulam; I+diflufenican; I+difenzoquat; I+diflufenican; I+diflufenzopyr; I+dimethachlor; I+dimethenamid-P; I+diquat dibromide; I+diuron; I+esprocarb; I+ethalfluralin; I+ethofumesate; I+fenoxaprop (including fenoxaprop-P-ethyl); I+fenoxasulfone; I+fenquinotrione; I+fentrazamide; I+flazasulfuron; I+florasulam; I+florpyrauxifen; I+fluazifop (including fluazifop-P-butyl); I+flucarbazone (including flucarbazone-sodium);; I+flufenacet; I+flumetralin; I+flumetsulam; I+flumioxazin; I+flupyrsulfuron (including flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium);; I+fluroxypyr (including fluroxypyr-meptyl); I+fluthiacet-methyl; I+fomesafen; I+foramsulfuron; I+glufosinate (including the ammonium salt thereof); I+glyphosate (including the diammonium, isopropylammonium and potassium salts thereof); I+halauxifen (including halauxifen-methyl); I+halosulfuron-methyl; I+haloxyfop (including haloxyfop-methyl); I+hexazinone; I+hydantocidin; I+imazamox; I+imazapic; I+imazapyr; I+imazaquin; I+imazethapyr; I+indaziflam; I+iodosulfuron (including iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium); I+iofensulfuron; I+iofensulfuron-sodium; I+ioxynil; I+ipfencarbazone; I+isoproturon; I+isoxaben; I+isoxaflutole; I+lactofen; I+lancotrione; I+linuron; I+MCPA; I+MCPB; I+mecoprop-P; I+mefenacet; I+mesosulfuron; I+mesosulfuron-methyl; I+mesotrione; I+metamitron; I+metazachlor; I+methiozolin; I+metobromuron; I+metolachlor; I+metosulam; I+metoxuron; I+metribuzin; I+metsulfuron; I+molinate; I+napropamide; I+nicosulfuron; I+nortlurazon; I+orthosulfamuron; I+oxadiargyl; I+oxadiazon; I+oxasulfuron; I+oxyfluorfen; I+paraquat dichloride; I+pendimethalin; I+penoxsulam; I+phenmedipham; I+picloram; I+picolinafen; I+pinoxaden; I+pretilachlor; I+primisulfuron-methyl; I+prodiamine; I+prometryn; I+propachlor; I+propanil; I+propaquizafop; I+propham; I+propyrisulfuron, I+propyzamide; I+prosulfocarb; I+prosulfuron; I+pyraclonil; I+pyraflufen (including pyraflufen-ethyl): I+pyrasulfotole; I+pyrazolynate, I+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl; I+pyribenzoxim; I+pyridate; I+pyriftalid; I+pyrimisulfan, I+pyrithiobac-sodium; I+pyroxasulfone; I+pyroxsulam; I+quinclorac; I+quinmerac; I+quizalofop (including quizalofop-P-ethyl and quizalofop-P-tefuryl); I+rimsulfuron; I+saflufenacil; I+sethoxydim; I+simazine; I+S-metolachlor; I+sulcotrione; I+sulfentrazone; I+sulfosulfuron; I+tebuthiuron; I+tefuryltrione; I+tembotrione; I+terbuthylazine; I+terbutryn; I+thiencarbazone; I+thifensulfuron; I+tiafenacil; I+tolpyralate; I+topramezone; I+tralkoxydim; I+triafamone; I+triallate; I+triasulfuron; I+tribenuron (including tribenuron-methyl); I+triclopyr; I+trifloxysulfuron (including trifloxysulfuron-sodium); I+trifludimoxazin; I+trifluralin; I+triflusulfuron; I+tritosulfuron; I+4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one; I+4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one; I+5-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one; I+4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one; I+4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]imidazolidin-2-one; I+(4R)1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-imidazolidin-2-one; I+3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyI)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione; I+2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-5-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-cyclohexane-1,3,5-trione; I+2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-5-ethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+2-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-5-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+3-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione; I+2-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+6-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-cyclohexane-1,3,5-trione; I+2-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione; I+4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-3,5-dione and I+4-[6-cyclopropyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-pyridazine-4-carbonyl]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-3,5-dione.
The mixing partners of the compound of formula (I) may also be in the form of esters or salts, as mentioned e.g. in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, British Crop Protection Council, 2006.
The compound of formula (I) can also be used in mixtures with other agrochemicals such as fungicides, nematicides or insecticides, examples of which are given in The Pesticide Manual.
The mixing ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the mixing partner is preferably from 1:100 to 1000:1.
The mixtures can advantageously be used in the above-mentioned formulations (in which case “active ingredient” relates to the respective mixture of compound of formula (I) with the mixing partner).
Compounds of formula (I) of the present invention may also be combined with herbicide safeners. Preferred combinations (wherein “I” represents a compound of formula (I)) include:- I+benoxacor, I+cloquintocet (including cloquintocet-mexyl); I+cyprosulfamide; I+dichlormid; I+fenchlorazole (including fenchlorazole-ethyl); I+fenclorim; I+fluxofenim; I+furilazole I+isoxadifen (including isoxadifen-ethyl); I+mefenpyr (including mefenpyr-diethyl); I+metcamifen; I+N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)amino] benzenesulfonamide and I+oxabetrinil.
Particularly preferred are mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with cyprosulfamide, isoxadifen (including isoxadifen-ethyl), cloquintocet (including clog uintocet-mexyl) and/or N-(2-methoxybenzoyI)-4-[(methyl-aminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide.
The safeners of the compound of formula (I) may also be in the form of esters or salts, as mentioned e.g. in The Pesticide Manual, 14 th Edition (BCPC), 2006. The reference to cloquintocet-mexyl also applies to a lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salt thereof as disclosed in WO 02/34048, and the reference to fenchlorazole-ethyl also applies to fenchlorazole, etc.
Preferably the mixing ratio of compound of formula (I) to safener is from 100:1 to 1:10, especially from 20:1 to 1:1.
The mixtures can advantageously be used in the above-mentioned formulations (in which case “active ingredient” relates to the respective mixture of compound of formula (I) with the safener).
The compounds of formula (I) of this invention are useful as herbicides. The present invention therefore further comprises a method for controlling unwanted plants comprising applying to the said plants or a locus comprising them, an effective amount of a compound of the invention or a herbicidal composition containing said compound. ‘Controlling’ means killing, reducing or retarding growth or preventing or reducing germination. Generally the plants to be controlled are unwanted plants (weeds). ‘Locus’ means the area in which the plants are growing or will grow.
Unwanted plants are to be understood as also including those weeds that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (e.g. ALS, GS, EPSPS, PPO, ACCase- and HPPD-inhibitors) by evolution, conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. Examples include Amaranthus palmeri that has evolved resistance to glyphosate and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides.
The compounds of the present invention can be used in methods of controlling unwanted plants or weeds which are resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. For example, Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus populations have evolved as PPO-resistant weeds in many parts of the world, e.g. due to amino acid substitutions R128M/G (also referred as R98), or G399A, ora codon (glycine) deletion at the position 210 (Δ210) in PPX2 gene coding for the target enzyme of PPO-inhibitor herbicides. The compounds of the present invention can be used in methods of controlling Amaranthus palmeri and/or Amaranthus tuberculatus with any of the above mutations, and it would be obvious to try the compounds to control unwanted plants or weeds with other mutations conferring tolerance or resistance to PPO inhibitors that may arise.
The rates of application of compounds of formula (I) may vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application (pre-emergence; post-emergence; application to the seed furrow; no tillage application etc.), the crop plant, the weed(s) to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are generally applied at a rate of from 10 to 2000 g/ha, especially from 50 to 1000 g/ha. A preferred range is 10-200 g/ha.
The application is generally made by spraying the composition, typically by tractor mounted sprayer for large areas, but other methods such as dusting (for powders), drip or drench can also be used.
Useful plants in which the composition according to the invention can be used include crops such as cereals, for example barley and wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflower, maize, rice, soybeans, sugar beet, sugar cane and turf.
Crop plants can also include trees, such as fruit trees, palm trees, coconut trees or other nuts. Also included are vines such as grapes, fruit bushes, fruit plants and vegetables.
Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (e.g. ALS, GS, EPSPS, PPO, ACCase- and HPPD-inhibitors) by conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer rape (canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® and LibertyLink®.
The compounds of the present invention can be used in methods of controlling undesired vegetation in crop plants which are tolerant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. Such plants can be obtained, for example, by transforming crop plants with nucleic acids which encode a suitable protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which may contain a mutation in order to make it more resistant to the PPO inhibitor. Examples of such nucleic acids and crop plants are disclosed in WO95/34659, WO97/32011, WO2007/024739, WO2012/080975, WO2013/189984, WO2015/022636, WO2015/022640, WO2015/092706, WO2016/099153, WO2017/023778, WO2017/039969, WO2017/217793, WO2017/217794, WO2018/114759, WO2019/117578, WO2019/117579 and WO2019/118726.
Crops are also to be understood as being those which have been rendered resistant to harmful insects by genetic engineering methods, for example Bt maize (resistant to European corn borer), Bt cotton (resistant to cotton boll weevil) and also Bt potatoes (resistant to Colorado beetle). Examples of Bt maize are the Bt 176 maize hybrids of NK® (Syngenta Seeds). The Bt toxin is a protein that is formed naturally by Bacillus thuringiensis soil bacteria. Examples of toxins, or transgenic plants able to synthesise such toxins, are described in EP-A-451 878, EP-A-374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, WO 03/052073 and EP-A-427 529. Examples of transgenic plants comprising one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are KnockOutO (maize), Yield Gard® (maize), NuCOTIN33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protexcta®. Plant crops or seed material thereof can be both resistant to herbicides and, at the same time, resistant to insect feeding (“stacked” transgenic events). For example, seed can have the ability to express an insecticidal Cry3 protein while at the same time being tolerant to glyphosate.
Crops are also to be understood to include those which are obtained by conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering and contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
Other useful plants include turf grass for example in golf-courses, lawns, parks and roadsides, or grown commercially for sod, and ornamental plants such as flowers or bushes.
Compounds of formula (I) and compositions of the invention can typically be used to control a wide variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species. Examples of monocotyledonous species that can typically be controlled include Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Brachiaria plantaginea, Bromus tectorum, Cyperus esculentus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Panicum miliaceum, Poa annus, Setaria viridis, Setaria faberi and Sorghum bicolor. Examples of dicotyledonous species that can be controlled include Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa, Chenopodium album, Euphorbia heterophylla, Galium aparine, Ipomoea hederacea, Kochia scoparia, Polygonum convolvulus, Sida spinosa, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Veronica persica and Xanthium strumarium.
The compounds of formula (I) are also useful for pre-harvest desiccation in crops, for example, but not limited to, potatoes, soybean, sunflowers and cotton. Pre-harvest desiccation is used to desiccate crop foliage without significant damage to the crop itself to aid harvesting.
Compounds/compositions of the invention are particularly useful in non-selective burn-down applications, and as such may also be used to control volunteer or escape crop plants.
Various aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be illustrated in more detail by way of example. It will be appreciated that modification of detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
The Examples which follow serve to illustrate, but do not limit, the invention.
Step 1 Synthesis of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde
Pyridinium dichromate (1.7 g, 10 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)methanol (prepared as described in Example 2, Step 1; 1.2 g, 5.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, then filtered and evaporated under rreduced pressure to leave a residue that ws purified by chromatography to provide 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde as a white solid (1.2 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL3) δ10.3 (s,1H), 8.15 (d,1H), 7.3 (d,1H) ppm.
Step 2 Synthesis of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.27 g, 18.4 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde (3 g, 12.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) at room temperature. Water (3 ml) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 mins. Water (50 ml) was added and the resulting mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to provide 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime as an off white solid (2.5 g).
Also prepared by this general method was:
1-Chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (1.6 g, 12 mmol) was added portion wise to a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime (2.5 g, 9.9 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide 18 ml) at 30° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature and water (20 ml) and dichloromethane (50 ml) added. The phases were separated and the organic dried and cooled to 5° C. To this stirred solution was added dropwise a mixture of triethylamine (1.3 ml 9.4 mmol) and ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (1.4 ml, 10 mmol). After standing at room temperature for 1 hour, dilute hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and water (20 ml) were added, the phases separated and the organic dried and purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-(5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate as a yellow oil (2.6 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.9 (d,1H), 7.2 (d,1 H), 4.3 (q,2H), 3.95 (d,1H), 3.35 (d,1H), 1.7 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm.
Also prepared by this general method was:
Potassium acetate (78 mg, 0.78 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (19 mg, 0.03 mmol) were added to a solution of ethyl 3-(5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (95 mg, 0.26 mmol) and (2-fluoro-3-pyridyl)boronic acid (57 mg, 0.39 mmol) in dioxane (3.8 ml). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 45 minutes in a microwave oven, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (10 ml) added and the mixture filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by chromatography to prodice ethyl 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-3-pyridyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-211) as a golden gum (80 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.3 (d,1H), 8.05 (dt,1H), 7.75 (d,1H), 7.55 (d,1H), 7.45 (m,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.1 (d,1H), 3.45 (d,1H), 1.7 (s,3H), 1.3 (t,3H) ppm.
Also prepared by this general method were:
20-67045 Ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(2,3-dichloro-4-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-535)
Step 1 Synthesis of (5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)methanol
Borane dimethyl sulphide complex (3 ml, 33 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoic acid (10 g, 28 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperatre over 30 minutes then heated at 70° for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and methanol added slowly until the bubbling ceased. The mixture was extracted wth ethyl acetate and the organic phase washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M, 10 ml), dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to provide (5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)methanol as a solid (7.0 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.7 (d,1H), 7.15 (d,1H), 4.75 (s,2H) ppm (OH not observed).
Step 2 Synthesis of [2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]methanol
Potassium acetate (1.8 g, 18 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (0.45 g, 0.61 mmol) were added to a solution of (5-bromo-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)methanol (1.5 g, 6.1 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.4 ml, 9.1 mmol) in dioxane (30 ml). The mixture was heated at 85° C. for 3 hours, then at reflux for 17 hours, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 ml) added and the mixture filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by chromatography to produce [2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]methanol as a white solid (1.35 g)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.85 (d,1H), 7.1 (d,1H), 4.75 (s,2H), 1.35 (s,12H) ppm.
Step 3 Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde
Pyridinium dichromate (0.83 g, 5.0 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of [2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]methanol (750 mg, 2.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (37.5 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, then filtered and evaporate under rreduced pressure to leave a residue that ws purified by chromatography to provide 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde as an oil (340 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL3) δ10.7 (s,1H), 8.4 (d,1H), 7.2 (d,1H), 1.35 (s,12H) ppm.
Step 4 Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde oxime
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.15 g, 2.1 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde (0.4 g, 1.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (6 ml) at room temperature. Water (0.8 ml) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes. Water was added and the resulting mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue which was purified by chromatography to provide 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde oxime as an oil (2.5 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.5 (s,1H), 8.25 (d,1H), 7.7 (br s,1 H), 7.15 (d,1H), 1.35 (s,12H) ppm.
Step 5 Synthesis of Ethyl 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate
1-Chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (93 mg, 0.68 mmol) was added portionwise to a stirred solution of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde oxime (0.17 g, 0.57 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.85 ml) at 35° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature and water (20 ml) added. Dichloromethane (50 ml) was added, the phases separated and the organic phase dried and cooled to 5° C. To this stirred solution was added dropwise a mixture of triethylamine (0.07 ml, 0.51 mmol) and ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (0.07 ml, 0.56 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, dilute hydrochloric acid (5 ml) was added, the phases separated and the organic dried and purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate as an oil (29 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.0 (d,1H), 7.25 (d,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 3.95 (d,1H), 3.35 (d,1H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (m,15H) ppm.
Step 6 Synthesis of Ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-103)
Potassium acetate (22 mg, 0.22 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) were added to a solution of ethyl 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) and 2.3-dichloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (24 mg, 0.11 mmol) in dioxane (1.2 ml). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 45 minutes in a microwave oven, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (10 ml) added and the mixture filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by chromatography to produce ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-103) as a gum.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.85 (s,1H), 8.1 (s,1H), 7.85 (d,1H), 7.35 (d,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.05 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm.
Also prepared by this general method were:
Step 1 Synthesis of [2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]methanol
Potassium acetate (2.5 g, 25 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (0.74 g, 1 mmol) were added to a mixture of ethyl 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (prepared as described in Example 2, Step 2; 2.86 mg, 10 mmol) and 2.3-dichloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (2.83 g, 13 mmol) in toluene (57 ml) and water (29 ml). The mixture was heated at reflux for 17 hours, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (50 ml) added and the phases separated. The organic phase was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a red oil, which was purified by chromatography to produce ethyl [2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]methanol as a white solid (1.0 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.85 (s,1H), 8.1 (s,1H), 7.65 (d,1H), 7.25 (d,1H), 4.8 (d,2H), 2.0 (t,1H) ppm.
Also prepared by this general method were:
Pyridinium dichromate (0.32 g, 1.9 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of [2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]methanol (300 mg, 0.88 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, then filtered and evaporated under rreduced pressure to leave a residue that ws purified by chromatography to provide 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde as an oil (210 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.5 (s,1H), 8.9 (br s,1H), 8.15 (d,1H), 8.1 (d,1H), 7.35 (d,1H ppm.
Also prepared by this general method were:
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (49 mg, 0.71 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde (0.20 g, 0.47 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) at room temperature. Water (0.2 ml) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, then dichloromethane and water added and the phases separated.. The organic phase was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue which was purified by chromatography to provide 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime as a white solid (170 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.95 (s,1H), 8.45 (s,1H), 8.4 (s,1H), 8.05 (d,1H), 7.45 (d,1H) ppm (OH not observed).
Also prepared by this general method were:
1-Chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (240 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added portionwise to a stirred solution of 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime (0.85 g, 1.4 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4.3 ml) at 35° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature and water (20 ml) added. Dichloromethane (50 ml) was added, the phases separated and the organic phase dried and cooled to 5° C. To this stirred solution was added dropwise a mixture of triethylamine (0.33 ml, 2.3 mmol) and ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (0.34 ml, 2.6 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, dilute hydrochloric acid (5 ml) was added, the phases separated and the organic dried and purified by chromatography to provide ethyl ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-103) as an oil (550 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.85 (s,1H), 8.1 (s,1H), 7.85 (d,1H), 7.35 (d,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.05 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1 H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm.
The individual enantiomers of Compound 1-103 were prepared by chiral chromatography CH NMR as above).
Also prepared by this general method were:
Concentrated sulfuric acid (0.5 ml, 9 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (prepared as described in Example 3, Step 4; 200 mg, 0.43 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (4 ml) and the resulting mixture heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, evaporated under reduced pressure then toluene (2×10 ml) was added and the solution evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue that was purified by chromatography to provide 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylic acid (Compound 1-101) as a white solid (160 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.9 (s,1H), 8.15 (s,1H), 7.8 (d,1H), 7.35 (s,1H), 4.0 (d,1H), 3.5 (d,1H), 1.7 (s,3H) ppm (acid proton not observed).
Step 1 Synthesis of Methyl 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-benzoate
Potassium acetate (0.295 g, 0.86 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (73 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added to a mixture of (4-chloro-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)boronic acid (215 mg, 0.98 mmol) and 2.3-dichloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (320 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (8.6 ml). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 45 minutes in a microwave oven, allowed to cool and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml) and the resulting solution washed with water and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography to produce methyl 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-benzoate as a pale orange oil (0.30 g).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.9 (s,1H), 8.35 (d,1H), 8.15 (s,1H), 7.9 (d,1H), 7.6 (d,1H), 4.0 (s,3H) ppm.
Step 2 Synthesis of [2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-phenyl]-methanol
A solution of lithium aluminium hydride (1M in tetrahydrofuran; 4.8 ml, 4..8 mmol) was added dropwise over 15 minutes to a stirred solution of methyl 2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-benzoate (1.4 g, 3.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) at 15° C. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to 15° C. and water (5 ml) added slowly. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, then aqueous ammonium chloride (50 ml) added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes, extracted wth ethyl acetate and the organic phase dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to provide a red oil, which was was purified by chromatography to provide [2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-phenyl]-methanol as a yellow oil (440 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.85 (d,1H), 8.1 (s,1H), 7.95 (s,1H), 7.7 (dd,1H), 7.5 (d,1H), 4.9 (s,2H), 2.0 (br s,1H) ppm.
2-Methoxy-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(trifluoro-λ4-sulfanyl)ethanamine (50% in toluene; 0.93 ml, 2.6 mmol) was added dropwise to ethyl 3-[5-(5-acetyl-3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (prepared as described in Example 2, Step 6; 75 mg, 0.17 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 70 hours, then added dropwise to ice cold aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×40 ml) and the combined organic extracts dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue that was purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5- carboxylate (Compound 1-595) as an oil (29 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.7 (d,1H), 7.95 (d,1H), 7.8 (d,1H), 7.3 (d,1H), 4.25 (q,2H), 4.0 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1H),2.0 (t,3H), 1.7 (s,3H), 1.3 (t,3H) ppm.
A solution of ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (prepared as described in Example 3, Step 4; 300 mg, 0.64 mmol) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (60%; 890 mg, 3.1 mmol) in trifluoromethylbenzene (10 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 hours. Water (20 ml) and ethyl acetate (60 ml) were added, the phases separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate (4×50 ml). The combined organic phases were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue which was purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-1-oxido-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-667) as an oil (39 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.55 (s,1H), 7.8 (dd,1H), 7.6 (s,1H), 7.4 (d,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.15 (d,0.5H), 3.9 (d,0.5H), 3.55 (d,0.5H), 3.3 (d,0.5H), 1.75 (d,3H), 1.35 (td,3H) ppm.
Also prepared by this general method was:
Step 1 Synthesis of [5-chloro-6-[4-chloro-5-(5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-4H-isoxazol-3-yl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]-3-pyridyl]boronic acid
A solution of ethyl 3-[5-(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-559) (prepared as described in example 2; 330 mg, 0.68 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.19 g, 0.75 mmol), potassium acetate (167 mg, 1.7 mmol), diacetoxypalladium (3 mg, 0.014 mmol) and tricyclohexylphosphine (8 mg, 0.028 mmol) in toluene (6.6 ml) was heated at 110° C. for 3 hours, then allowed to cool and ethyl acetate (80 ml) added. The resulting mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to provide [5-chloro-6-[4-chloro-5-(5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-4H-isoxazol-3-yl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]-3-pyridyl]boronic acid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification.
Step 2 Synthesis of Ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate
A solution of oxone (0.36 g, 0.58 mmol) in water (2.8 ml) was added to a stirred solution of [5-chloro-6-[4-chloro-5-(5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-4H-isoxazol-3-yl)-2-fluoro-phenyl]-3-pyridyl]boronic acid (280 mg, 0.57 mmol) in acetone (11 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then water and ethyl acetate added and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue that was urified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (190 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.2 (d,1H), 7.75 (d,1H), 7.3 (d,1H), 7.25 (s,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.0 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1 H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm (OH not observed).
Step 3 Synthesis of Ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-619)
A mixture of 3-[2-chloro-5-(3-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.21 mmol), sodium chlorodifluoroacetate (66 mg, 0.43 mmol), potassium carbonate (35 mg, 0.26 mmol) and dimethylformamide (0.9 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours then allowed to cool and t-butyl methyl ether (60 ml) added. The mixture was washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a gum that was purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyridyl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-619) as a gum (35 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.5 (d,1H), 7.8 (d,1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.3 (d,1H), 6.65 (t,1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.0 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm.
t-Butyl nitrite (0.035 ml, 0.4 mmol) was added dropwise over 2 minutes to a stired mixture of copper (II) chloride (54 mg, 0.4 mmol) and acetonitrile (2.2 ml) at 0° C. under nitrogen. A solution of ethyl 3-[5-(4-amino-6-chloro-pyridazin-3-yl)-2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (prepared as described in example 2, step 6; 110 mg, 0.27 mmol) in acetonitrile (1.1 ml) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C., then at ambient temperature for 2 hours. Water (30 ml) was added and the resulting mixture extratced with ethyl acetate (2×40 ml). The cobined organic extracts were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a residue that was purified by chromatography to provide ethyl 3-[2-chloro-5-(4,6-dichloropyridazin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methyl-4H-isoxazole-5-carboxylate (Compound 1-691) (71 mq).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.9 (d,1H), 7.7 (s,1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 4.3 (q,2H), 4.05 (d,1H), 3.4 (d,1H), 1.75 (s,3H), 1.35 (t,3H) ppm.
The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.
The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
Seeds of weeds and/or crops were sown in standard soil in pots. After cultivation for one day under controlled conditions in a glasshouse (at 24/19° C., day/night; 16 hours light), the plants were sprayed with an aqueous spray solution derived from the formulation of the technical active ingredient in a small amount of acetone and a special solvent and emulsifier mixture referred to as IF50 (11.12% Emulsogen EL360 TM+44.44% N-methylpyrrolidone+44.44% Dowanol DPM glycol ether), to create a 50g/l solution which was then diluted using 0.2% Genapol XO80 as diluent to give the desired final dose of test compound.
The test plants were then grown under controlled conditions in the glasshouse (at 24/18° C., day/night; 15 hours light; 50% humidity) and watered twice daily. After 13 days the test was evaluated (100=total damage to plant; 0=no damage to plant). The results are shown in Table 2 below.
Seeds of weeds and/or crops were sown in standard soil in pots. After cultivation for 14 days under controlled conditions in a glasshouse (at 24/19° C., day/night; 16 hours light), the plants were sprayed with an aqueous spray solution derived from the formulation of the technical active ingredient in a small amount of acetone and a special solvent and emulsifier mixture referred to as IF50 (11.12% Emulsogen EL360 TM+44.44% N-methylpyrrolidone+44.44% Dowanol DPM glycol ether), to create a 50g/l solution which was then diluted using 0.2% Genapol XO80 as diluent to give the desired final dose of test compound.
The test plants were then grown under controlled conditions in the glasshouse (at 24/18° C., day/night; 15 hours light; 50% humidity)and watered twice daily. After 13 days the test was evaluated (100=total damage to plant; 0=no damage to plant). The results are shown in Table 3 below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20209638.4 | Nov 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/082014 | 11/17/2021 | WO |
