Herbicides for weed control in rice

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to certain herbicidal sulfonamides, agriculturally suitable compositions thereof and a method for their use as a selective Preemergent or postemergent herbicide or as a plant growth regulant, particularly for the control of undesired vegetation in rice.
New compounds effective for controlling the growth of undesired vegetation are in constant demand. In the most common situation, such compounds are sought to selectively control the growth of weeds in useful crops such as cotton, rice, corn, wheat and soybeans, to name a few. Unchecked weed growth in such crops can cause significant losses, reducing profit to the farmer and increasing costs to the consumer. In other situations, herbicides are desired which will control all plant growth. Examples of areas in which complete control of all vegetation is desired are areas around railroad tracks, and industrial storage areas. There are many products commercially available for these purposes, but the search continues for products which are more effective, less costly and environmentally safe.
The "sulfonylurea" herbicides are an extremely potent class of herbicides discovered within the last few years which generally consist of a sulfonylurea bridge, --SO.sub.2 NHCONH--, linking two aromatic or heteroaromatic rings.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,327 and EP-A-209,230 disclose, in part, herbicidal sulfonamides of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.a is CH.sub.2, CH(CH.sub.3), CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 or CO;
E is a single bond, CH.sub.2 or O;
Q is, inter alia, a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, containing 2-4 atoms of carbon and 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of 0-2 oxygen, wherein sulfur may take the form of S, SO or SO.sub.2, and containing one or two carbonyl or sulfonyl (SO.sub.2) groups, etc.; and
R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.a R.sub.b, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylsulfonyl, CH.sub.2 CN, CN, CO.sub.2 R.sub.c, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkylthio, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylthioalkyl, CH.sub.2 N.sub.3 or NR.sub.d R.sub.e.
EP-A-164,268 disclose, in part, herbicidal sulfonylureas of the formula ##STR2## wherein
R.sub.1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CH.sub.3, CF3, OCH.sub.3, SCH.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2 or SCHF.sub.2 ;
n is 1 or 2; and
Q is, inter alia, a fully unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from 0-1 S, 0-1O or 0-3 N, etc.
The compounds of the instant invention are within the generic disclosure of the above references but the compounds of the instant invention are not named and their particular utility for control of undesired vegetation in rice is not disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention comprises novel compounds, agriculturally suitable compositions containing them, and their method-of-use as preemergence and/or postemergence herbicides or plant growth regulants, particularly for the control of undesired vegetation in rice. The compounds of the invention are compounds of the formula ##STR3## R is F, Cl, Br, CH.sub.3 or SCH.sub.3 ; and X is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3 or OCHF.sub.2 ; and their agriculturally suitable salts.
Compounds of the invention preferred for reasons including ease of synthesis and/or greater herbicidal efficacy and/or greater safety to rice are:
1. Compounds of Formula I wherein
R is F, Cl, Br or CH.sub.3.
2. Compounds of Preferred 1 wherein R is Cl.
3. Compounds of Preferred 2 wherein X is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3.
The compounds of the invention wherein Q is Q-1 may also be advantageously used.
Compounds of the invention specifically preferred for reasons of greatest herbicidal efficacy, greatest safety to rice, and/or most favorable ease of synthesis are 2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide (Formula I: Q is Q-1, R is Cl, X is OCH.sub.3 ; m.p. 135.degree.-136.degree. C.);
2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide (Formula I: Q is Q-1, R is Cl, X is CH.sub.3 ; m.p. 126.degree.-127.degree. C.); and
2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]]-6-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide (Formula I: Q is Q-2, R is Cl, X is OCH.sub.3 ; m.p. 220.degree.-221.degree. C).
This invention also comprises novel intermediates useful for the preparation of compounds of Formula I. The novel intermediates include sulfonyl chlorides of Formula II and sulfonamides of Formula III. ##STR4## R is F, Cl, Br, CH.sub.3 or SCH.sub.3.
Intermediates of the present invention specifically preferred for reasons of greatest herbidical efficicacy, greatest safety to rice, and/or most favorable ease of synthesis of the derived herbicidal compounds of Formula I are 2-chloro-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonyl chloride (Formula II: Q is Q-1, R is Cl, m.p. 105.degree.-107.degree. C.);
2-chloro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (Formula II: Q is Q-2, R is Cl); m.p. 220.degree.-222.degree. C.;
2-chloro-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide (Formula III: Q is Q-1, R is Cl; m.p. 200.degree.-201.degree. C.); and
2-chloro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide (Formula III: Q is Q-2, R is Cl; m.p. 175.degree.-178.degree. C.).
The compounds of the invention are highly active preemergent and/or postemergent herbicides or plant growth regulants. They are especially useful for the selective control of undesired vegetation in rice crops, especially paddy rice. Many of the compounds of the invention are particularly effective for control of barnyardgrass. Some of the compounds also provide selective control of weeds in cereals such as wheat and barley, and in potatoes and tomatoes.
Synthesis
Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by the procedures outlined in Equations 1 and 2.
Equation 1 illustrates a preferred method in which sulfonamides of Formula II are reacted with 2-pyrimidinyl carbamates of Formula III in the presence of an equimolar quantity of a tertiary amine base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
Equation 1 ##STR5##
The reaction is best carried out at about -5.degree. to 25.degree. C. in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile or dioxane for 0.5 to 2 hours under an inert atmosphere. The resultant products are isolated by dilution of the reaction mixture with water, acidification with aqueous hydrochloric acid and filtration. Alternatively, the aqueous layer can be extracted with a solvent such as dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. Drying and evaporation of the solvent affords the desired products. The phenyl carbamates III can be prepared by treatment of the corresponding 2-aminopyrimidines with diphenyl carbonate or phenyl chloroformate in pyridine or with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide (DMF) at temperatures ranging from about 20.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.
Alternatively, compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reaction of sulfonyl carbamates of Formula IV with the appropriate 2-aminopyrimidines of Formula V, as illustrated in Equation 2.
Equation 2 ##STR6##
The reaction of Equation 2 is carried out at about 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in an inert solvent such as 1,4-dioxane for 0.5 to 24 hours. For further details, refer to similar reactions in EPO Publication No. 44,807. Phenyl carbamates of Formula IV can be prepared by methods described, or modifications thereof, known to those skilled in the art, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,443,243.
Sulfonamides of Formula II are prepared from corresponding sulfonyl chlorides VII, as illustrated in Equation 3b. ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, and R is as previously defined but not including SCH.sub.3.
As shown in Equation 3b, sulfonyl chlorides VII are transformed to sulfonamides II by treatment with at least two molar equivalents of anhydrous ammonia in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane at about -40.degree. to 25.degree. C. or, alternatively, with aqueous ammonium hydroxide at about 0.degree. to 20.degree. C.
As shown in Equation 3a, sulfonyl chlorides VII are prepared by contacting a suspension of thioether VI in a solvent such as acetic acid or propionic acid, preferably acetic acid, in the presence of at least 2.5 molar equivalents of water and at least 3.0 molar equivalents of chlorine at about -10.degree. to 30.degree. C. for 0.25 to 5 hours. In some cases, particularly when acetic acid is the solvent and Q is Q-2, the products may precipitate during the reaction. In those cases, the products can be isolated and purified by filtration and washing the residue with hexane. Alternatively, hexane can be added directly to the reaction mixture to induce more precipitation, and the products are isolated by filtration. For those cases where no precipitation occurs, the reaction mixture is poured into ice-water and the product is isolated by extraction with a solvent such a dichloromethane. The extraction product is optionally washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate until neutral or slightly basic to litmus, then dried, and the solvent is evaporated to yield a product sufficiently pure to be carried directly to step 3b.
Alternatively, oxidative chlorination of thioethers VI, wherein R.sub.1 is benzyl, with a hypochlorite solution, e.g., NaOCl, can provide sulfonyl chlorides VII. For details, see analogous reactions in L. H. McKendry and N. R. Pearson, South African Patent Application No. 84/8845.
As illustrated in Equation 4, sulfonamides of Formula IIb are prepared from sulfonamides IIa, wherein R.sub.2 is F, Cl or Br.
Equation 4 ##STR8##
The reaction of Equation 4 is carried out using at least two molar equivalents of potassium thiomethoxide in an inert solvent such as DMF at about 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. for 0.5 to 8 hours. Alternatively, the N-t-butyl derivative of IIb can be prepared by reaction of the N-t-butyl derivative of IIa by conditions of Equation 4. Subsequent dealkylation with trifluoroacetic acid can then provide IIb. For details, refer to analogous reactions in J. D. Cott and W. L. Matier, J. Org. Chem. 39, 566 (1974).
As illustrated in Equation 5, thioethers of Formula VI, wherein R is Cl, F, Br or CH.sub.3, can be prepared by the reaction of benzyl chlorides of Formula VIII with salts of heterocycles, Q.
Equation 5 ##STR9##
The reactions of Equation 5 can be carried out by reacting benzyl chlorides VIII with equimolar amounts of sodium or potassium salts of heterocycles, Q, in a solvent such as DMF at about 10.degree. to 90.degree. C. Suitable bases include sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide. Optionally, a phase-transfer catalyst can be used.
As illustrated in Equation 6, benzyl chlorides of Formula VIIIa can be prepared via a three step sequence from appropriately substituted benzaldehydes of Formula IX, wherein R.sub.2 is F, Cl or Br.
Equation 6 ##STR10##
As depicted in Equation 6i, 2,3-dihalobenzaldehydes of Formula IX can be reacted with equimolar amounts of potassium benzyl mercaptan or potassium thiopropoxide in an inert solvent such as DMF at about 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. to provide the corresponding 2-halo-6-aldo-thioethers. After isolation and purification the thioethers can be reduced with sodium borohydride in a solvent such as ethanol by generally known conditions to provide the corresponding benzyl alcohols (Eq. 6ii). Subsequent reaction of the alcohols with excess thionyl chloride, e.g., 1 to 2 molar equivalents, in a solvent such as refluxing benzene or with equimolar amounts of thionyl chloride and a tertiary amine base such as N,N-dimethylaniline in a solvent such as chloroform at about 0.degree. to reflux can provide benzyl chlorides of Formula VIIIa.
As illustrated in Equation 7, benzyl chlorides of Formula VIIIb can be prepared via a three-step sequence starting with 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid esters of Formula X.
Equation 7 ##STR11##
As shown in Equation 7i, 2-nitrobenzoic acid ester X can be reacted with mercaptan salts, KSR.sub.1 in a solvent such as DMF at about 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. to provide the corresponding 2-thioether benzoic acid ester. After isolation and purification, the ester can be reduced to corresponding benzyl alcohol with reducing agents such as sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride or lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran by generally known conditions. Subsequently, the alcohol can be reacted with thionyl chloride as described in Equation 6iii to provide benzyl chloride VIIIb.
The synthesis of heterocyclic amines such as those of Formula V has been reviewed in "The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds", a series published by Interscience Publ., New York and London. Aminopyrimidines are described by D. J. Brown in "The Pyrimidines", Vol. XVI of the series mentioned above which is herein incorporated by reference. Pyrimidine of Formula V, wherein X is OCHF.sub.2, can be prepared according to methods taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,782.
Agriculturally suitable salts of compounds of Formula I are also useful herbicides and can be prepared in a number of ways known to the art. For example, metal salts can be made by contacting compounds of Formula I with a solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt having a sufficiently basic anion (e.g., hydroxide, alkoxide, or carbonate). Quaternary amine salts can be made by similar techniques.
Salts of compounds of Formula I can also be prepared by exchange of one cation for another. Cationic exchange can be effected by direct contact of an aqueous solution of a salt of a compound of Formula I (e.g., alkali or quaternary amine salt) with a solution containing the cation to be exchanged. This method is most effective when the desired salt containing the exchanged cation is insoluble in water and can be separated by filtration.
Exchange may also be effected by passing an aqueous solution of a salt of a compound of Formula I (e.g., an alkali metal or quaternary amine salt) through a column packed with a cation exchange resin containing the cation to be exchanged for that of the original salt and the desired product is eluted from the column. This method is particularly useful when the desired salt is water-soluble, e.g., a potassium, sodium or calcium salt.
Acid addition salts, useful in this invention, can be obtained by reacting a compound of Formula I with suitable acid, e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid or the like.
The preparation of the compounds of this invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. Unless otherwise indicated, temperatures are in degrees centigrade.

EXAMPLE 1
3-Chloro-2-[(phenylmethyl)thio]benzaldehyde
To a suspension of 112.1 g of potassium-t-butoxide in 1000 mL of dimethylformamide under a nitrogen atmosphere, 124.3 g of benzylmercaptan was added dropwise while maintaining the reaction temperature at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. with an ice-water bath. After stirring at 25.degree. C. for 1.5 hours, a solution of 175 g of 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde dissolved in 750 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was added dropwise, while maintaining the reaction temperature at 25.degree.-40.degree. with a water bath. After stirring at 25.degree. C. for 12 hours, the reaction mixture was poured onto excess ice water to yield a precipitate. The suspension was filtered, and the isolated solid was washed with water, suction-dried and finally dried in vacuo at 40.degree. C. overnight to afford 201 g of the title compound as a light yellow solid; m.p. 65.degree.-68.degree. C.
IR (Nujol) 1695 cm.sup.-1 (C=O)
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 10.2, (s, 1H, CHO), 7.7, (m, 2H, Ph-H), 7.35, (m, 2H, Ph-H), 7.10, (m, 2H, Ph-H), 6.90, (m, 2H, Ph-H), 4.0 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 2
3-Chloro-2-[(phenylmethl)thio]benzenemethanol
To a suspension of 54 9 of the compound of Example 1 in 500 mL of ethanol, 7.8 g sodium borohydride was added portionwise, while maintaining the reaction temperature at 25-35.degree. C. with an ice-water bath. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 hours. The ethanol was removed by rotary evaporator, and the residue was suspended in 500 mL water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate evaporated to leave the title compound as a yellow solid; m.p. 45.degree.-47.degree. C.
IR (Nujol) 3300 cm.sup.-1 (OH)
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 7.3, (m, 8H, Ph-H), 4.4, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.0, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2 O), 1.8, (bs 1H, OH).
EXAMPLE 3
1-Chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-2-[(phenylmethyl)thio]benzene
To a mixture of 54 g of the compound of Example 2 in 200 mL of chloroform (ethanol-free) and of N,N-dimethylaniline, a solution of 30 g of thionyl chloride in 50 mL of chloroform (ethanol-free) was added while maintaining the reaction temperature at 15.degree. C. with an ice-water bath. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 1 hour, then refluxed for 3 hours. The mixture was acidified with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and the organic layer was collected. The organic layer was washed once with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid, dried over magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was passed through a silica gel column, eluted with methylene chloride, and after evaporation of the eluant, 54 g subject compound was obtained as a yellow oil.
IR (Neat) 3010 cm.sup.-1 (OH)
NMR (CDC.sub.13): ppm .delta. 7.3, (m, 8H, Ph-H), 4.5, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.1, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 4
1-[[3-Chloro-2-[(phenylmettyl)thio]phenyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole
To a suspension of 2.5 g of the sodium salt of 1,2,4-triazole in 30 mL of dimethylfornamide, containing 2.22 g of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (a phase transfer catalyst), 7.1 g of the product of Example 3 was added in one Portion. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 24 hours, poured into 100 mL water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to yield a crude yellow oil. Silica gel column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate, after evaporation afforded the subject compound as a yellow oil.
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 7.9, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 7.81, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 7.50, (d of d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.35, (m, 5H, Ar-H), 7.10, (m, 1H, Ar-H), 6.31, (d of d, 1H, Ar-H), 5.10, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.00, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 5
2-Chloro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
To a solution of 4.5 g of the compound of Example 4 dissolved in 100 mL of acetic acid, containing 0.7 mL of water, and cooled to 15.degree. C., was added 6.5 mL of condensed chlorine. A slight exotherm of 5.degree. C. was noted. The reaction was stirred for 45 minutes, and the resulting sulfonyl chloride solid was collected by filtration and washed with hexane. The solid was immediately dissolved in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 15.degree. C. and treated with 5 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and stirred for 1 hours. The tetrahydrofuran was removed on a rotary-evaporator to yield a residue which was suspended in water and in diethyl ether and filtered to afford 2.72 g of the title compound as a white solid; m.p. 175.degree.-178.degree. C.
IR (KBr): 3400 and 3210 cm.sup.-1 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) ppm .delta. 8.60, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 8.00, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 7.61, (d, 1H, Ph-H), 7.42, (m, 1H, Ph-H), 7.39, (s, 2H, SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2), 6.70, (m, 1H, Ph-H), 5.90, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 6
2-Chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide
To a suspension of 0.14 g of the product of Example 5 in 5 mL of acetonitrile, containing 0.17 g of phenyl (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamate, was added 0.10 mL of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The resultant solution was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 hours, diluted with 10 mL of cold water and acidified with 5 mL 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting solid was filtered. The collected white solid was washed with water, diethyl ether and suction-dried and finally dried in vacuo overnight to afford 0.17 g of the title compound as a white solid; m.p. 220.degree.-221.degree. C.
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) ppm .delta. 13.15, (bs, 1H, NH), 10.85, (bs, 1H, NH), 8.64, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 8.0, (s, 1H, triazole-H), 7.70, (m, 2H, Ph-H), 6.75, (m, 1H, Ph-H), 6.021, (m, 3H, CH.sub.2 & Py-H), 3.91; (s, 6H, OCH.sub.3).
EXAMPLE 7
3-[[3-Chloro-2-[(phenylmethyl)thio]phenyl]methyl]-2-oxazolidinone
To a Suspension of 0.9 g sodium hydride (hexane washed) in 15 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, a solution of 3.05 g of 2-oxazolidone in 15 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was added at room temperature. As a white precipitate formed, the mixture was heated slowly to 80.degree. C. over 30 minutes and kept at 80.degree. C. for another 30 minutes. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and a solution of 8.5 g of the compound of Example 3 in 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was added in one portion. The resulting solution was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 12 hours, poured into 50 mL water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed well with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate evaporated to leave a yellow oil. Silica gel flash chromatography (4:1 hexane-ethyl acetate eluant) afforded after evaporation of the eluant 7.5 g of the subject compound as a yellow oil.
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 7.7, (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.2, (m, 5H, Ar-H), 7.0, (m, 2H, Ar-H), 4.3, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.25, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.0, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 3.1, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 8
2-Chloro-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide
To a solution of 7.5 g of the compound of Example 7 dissolved in 100 ml of acetic acid, containing 1.0 ml of water and cooled to 15.degree. C., was added 8.8 mL of condensed chlorine. A slight exotherm of 5.degree. C. was noted. The reaction was stirred for an additional 30 minutes, poured into ice-cold water, and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to provide the intermediate sulfonyl chloride as an oil. The oil was immediately dissolved in 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 15.degree. C. and treated with 6 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and stirred for 1 hour. The tetrahydrofuran was removed on a rotary evaporator to yield a residue which was suspended in water and diethyl ether and filtered to provide 5.0 g of the title compound as an off-white solid; m.p. 200.degree.-201.degree. C.
IR (KBr): 1745 cm.sup.-1 (C=O)
In a similar reaction the intermediate sulfonyl chloride was isolated as a solid by slurrying the crude sulfonyl chloride oil in 1-chlorobutane and filtration; m.p. 105.degree.-107.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 9
2-Chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide
To a suspension of 0.15 g of the product of Example 8 in 5 mL of acetonitrile, containing 0.15 g of phenyl (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamate, was added 0.15 mL of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The resultant solution was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 2 hours, diluted with 10 mL of cold water and acidified with 5 mL of 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate was filtered. The collected white solid was washed with water, diethyl ether and suction-dried and finally dried in vacuo overnight to afford 0.14 g of the title compound as a white solid; m.p. 135.degree.-136.degree. C. When the solid was dried in methylene chloride over magnesium sulfate and the solvent removed under reduced pressure, the title compound, as a white solid, now had m.p. 227.degree.-229.degree. C. Spectra (IR and NMR) for both solids appeared identical.
IR (KBr): 1740 (C=O); 1710 (C=O) cm.sup.-1
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 12.95, (bs, 1H, NH), 7.58, (m, 1H, Ar-H), 7.50, (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.18, (bs, 1H, NH), 5.80, (s, 1H, PyH), 5.20, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.38, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2), 3.96, (s, 6H, OCH.sub.3), 3.67, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2).
EXAMPLE 10
2-Chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide
By the procedure of Example 9, 0.15 g of the product of Example 8 was reacted with 0.15 g of phenyl (4-methyl-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamate and 0.15 mL of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in 5 mL of acetonitrile. The isolated crude solid was purified by slurry-washing with 20 mL of diethyl ether to yield 0.13 g of the subject compound; m.p. 126.degree.-127.degree. C.
IR (KBr): 1730 (C=O) 1710 (C=O) cm.sup.-1
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) ppm .delta. 13.50; (bs, 1H, NH), 7.55, (m, 1H, Ar-H), 7.51, (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.20, (bs, 1H, NH), 6.31, (s, 1H, Py-H), 5.21, (s, 2H, CH.sub.2), 4.37, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2), 3.94, (s, 3H, OCH.sub.3), 3.69, (t, 2H, CH.sub.2), 2.43 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3).
Using the techniques described in Equations 1-7 and Examples 5 and 8, or simple modifications thereof, the following sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, can be made by one skilled in the art.
TABLE 1______________________________________ ##STR12##Q R m.p.______________________________________Q-1 Cl 105-107.degree.Q-1 F oilQ-1 BrQ-1 CH.sub.3 oilQ-1 SCH.sub.3Q-2 Cl 220-222.degree.Q-2 F 193-197.degree.Q-2 BrQ-2 CH.sub.3 oilQ-2 SCH.sub.3______________________________________
TABLE 2______________________________________ ##STR13##Q R m.p.______________________________________Q-1 F 224-228.degree.Q-1 Cl 200-201.degree.Q-1 BrQ-1 CH.sub.3 203-209.degree.Q-1 SCH.sub.3Q-2 F 158-161.degree.Q-2 Cl 175-178.degree.Q-2 BrQ-2 CH.sub.3 162-163.degree.Q-2 SCH.sub.3______________________________________
Using the techniques described in Equations 1-7 and Examples 6, 9 and 10, or simple modifications thereof, the following compounds in Table 3 can be made by one skilled in the art.
TABLE 3______________________________________ ##STR14##Q R X______________________________________Q-1 Cl OCH.sub.3Q-1 Cl OCHF.sub.2Q-1 Cl CH.sub.3Q-1 Cl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-1 F OCH.sub.3Q-1 F OCHF.sub.2Q-1 F CH.sub.3Q-1 F CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-1 Br OCH.sub.3Q-1 Br OCHF.sub.2Q-1 Br CH.sub.3Q-1 Br CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-1 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3Q-1 CH.sub.3 OCHF.sub.2Q-1 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3Q-1 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-1 SCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3Q-1 SCH.sub.3 OCHF.sub.2Q-1 SCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3Q-1 SCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-2 Cl OCH.sub.3Q-2 Cl OCHF.sub.2Q-2 Cl CH.sub.3Q-2 Cl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-2 F OCH.sub.3Q-2 F OCHF.sub.2Q-2 F CH.sub.3Q-2 F CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-2 Br OCH.sub.3Q-2 Br OCHF.sub.2Q-2 Br CH.sub.3Q-2 Br CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-2 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3Q-2 CH.sub.3 OCHF.sub.2Q-2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3Q-2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3Q-2 SCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3Q-2 SCH.sub.3 OCHF.sub.2Q-2 SCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3Q-2 SCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3______________________________________
Formulations
Useful formations of the compounds of Formula I can be prepared in conventional ways. They include dusts, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates and the like. Many of these may be applied directly. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes of from a few liters to several hundred liters per hectare. High strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation. The formulations, broadly, contain about 0.1% to 99% by weight of active ingredient(s) and at least one of (a) about 0.1% to 20% surfactant(s) and (b) about 1% to 99.9% solid or liquid inert diluent(s). More specifically, they will contain these ingredients in the following approximate proportions:
TABLE 2______________________________________ Active Weight Percent* Ingredient Diluent(s) Surfactant(s)______________________________________Wettable Powder 20-90 0-74 1-10Oil Suspensions, 3-50 40-95 0-15Emulsions, Solutions,(including EmulsifiableConcentrates)Aqueous Suspension 10-50 40-84 1-20Dusts 1-25 70-99 0-5Granules and Pellets 0.1-95 5-99.9 0-15High Strength 90-99 0-10 0-2Compositions______________________________________ *Active ingredient plus at least one of a Surfactant or a Diluent equals 100 weight percent.
Lower or higher levels of active ingredient can, of course, be present depending on the intended use and the physical properties of the compound. Higher ratios of surfactant to active ingredient are sometimes desirable, and are achieved by incorporation into the formulation or by tank mixing.
Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey, but other solids, either mined or manufactured, may be used. The more absorptive diluents are preferred for wettable powders and the denser ones for dusts. Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, "Solvents Guide," 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. Solubility under 0.1% is preferred for suspension concentrates; solution concentrates are preferably stable against phase separation at 0.degree. C. "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, New Jersey, as well as Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants and recommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foaming, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth, etc.
The methods of making such compositions are well known. Solutions are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Fine solid compositions are made by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer or fluid energy mill. Suspensions are prepared by wet milling (see, for example, littler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084). Granules and pellets may be made by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See J. E. Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp. 147ff. and "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973, pp. 8-57ff.
In the following examples, all parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE 11
______________________________________Wettable Powder______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 50%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamidesodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 2%low viscosity methyl cellulose 2%diatomaceous earth 46%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 50 microns in diameter. The product is reblended before packaging.
EXAMPLE 12
______________________________________Granule______________________________________Wettable Powder of Example 11 5%attapulgite granules 95%(U.S.S. 20-40 mesh; 0.84-0.42 mm)______________________________________
A slurry of wettable powder containing 25% solids is sprayed on the surface of attapulgite granules in a double-cone blender. The granules are dried and packaged.
EXAMPLE 13
______________________________________Extruded Pellet______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 25%yl)amino]caronyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamideanhydrous sodium sulfate 10%crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5%sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1%calcium/magnesium bentonite 59%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled and then moistened with about 12% water. The mixture is extruded as cylinders about 3 mm diameter which are cut to produce pellets about 3 mm long. These may be used directly after drying, or the dried pellets may be crushed to pass a U.S.S. No. 20 sieve (0.84 mm openings). The granules held on a U.S.S. No. 40 sieve (0.42 mm openings) may be packaged for use and the fines recycled.
EXAMPLE 14
______________________________________Low Strength Granule______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 1%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamideN,N-dimethylformamide 9%attapulgite granules 90%(U.S.S. 20-40 sieve, 0.42 to 0.84 mm)______________________________________
The active ingredient is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the blender is allowed to run for a short period and then the granules are packaged.
EXAMPLE 15
______________________________________Aqueous Suspension______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 40%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamidepolyacrylic acid thickener 0.3%dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 0.5%disodium phosphate 1%monosodium phosphate 0.5%polyvinyl alcohol 1.0%water 56.7%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all under 5 microns in size.
EXAMPLE 16
______________________________________Oil Suspension______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 35%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamideblend of polyalcohol carboxylic esters 6%and oil soluble petroleum sulfonatesxylene 59%______________________________________
The ingredients are combined and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all below 5 microns. The product can be used directly, extended with oils, or emulsified in water.
EXAMPLE 17
______________________________________Granule______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 80%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamidewetting agent 1%crude ligninsulfonate salt (containing 10%5-20% of the natural sugars)attapulgite clay 9%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended and milled to pass through a 100 mesh (149 microns) screen. This material is then added to a fluid bed granulator, the air flow is adjusted to gently fluidize the material, and a fine spray of water is sprayed onto the fluidized material. The fluidization and spraying are continued until granules of the desired size range are made. The spraying is stopped, but fluidization is continued, optionally with heat, until the water content is reduced to the desired level, generally less than 1%. The material is then discharged, screened to the desired size range, generally 14-100 mesh (1410-149 microns), and packaged for use.
EXAMPLE 18
______________________________________High Strength Concentrate______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 99%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamidesilica aerogel 0.5%synthetic amorphous silica 0.5%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce a material essentially all passing a U.S.S. No. 50 screen (0.3 mm opening). The concentrate may be formulated further if necessary.
EXAMPLE 19
______________________________________Wettable Powder______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 90%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamidedioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 0.1%synthetic fine silica 9.9%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce particles essentially all below microns. The material is sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 screen and then packaged.
EXAMPLE 20
______________________________________Wettable Powder______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 40%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamidesodium ligninsulfonate 20%montmorillonite clay 40%______________________________________
The ingredients are thoroughly blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in size. The material is reblended and then packaged.
EXAMPLE 21
______________________________________Dust______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 10%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamideattapulgite 10%talc 80%______________________________________
The active ingredient is blended with attapulgite and then passed through a hammer-mill to produce particles substantially all below 200 microns. The ground concentrate is then blended with powdered pyrophyllite until homogeneous.
EXAMPLE 22
______________________________________Solution______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrimidin- 5%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide, sodium saltwater 95%______________________________________
The salt is added directly to the water with stirring to produce the solution, which may then be packaged for use.
EXAMPLE 23
______________________________________Solution______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidin- 5%yl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[(2-oxo-3-oxazolidin-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide, sodium saltwater 95%______________________________________
The salt is added directly to the water with stirring to produce the solution, which may then be packaged for use.
EXAMPLE 24
______________________________________Wettable Powder______________________________________2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- 50%amino]carbonyl]-6-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-methyl]benzenesulfonamide,sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 2%low viscosity methyl cellulose 2%diatomaceous earth 46%______________________________________
The ingredients are blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 50 microns in diameter. The product is reblended before packaging.
EXAMPLE 25
______________________________________Granule______________________________________Wettable Powder of Example 24 5%attapulgite granules 95%(U.S.S. 20-40 mesh; 0.84-0.42 mm)______________________________________
A slurry of wettable powder containing 25% solids is sprayed on the surface of attaplugite granules in a double-cone blender. The granules are dried and packaged.
UTILITY
Test results indicate that compounds of the present invention are highly active preemergent and/or postemergent herbicides or plant growth regulants. These compounds have utility for selected grass, sedge and broadleaf weed control in dry-land and paddy rice. Many of the compounds of this invention are particularly useful for the control of barnyardgrass and selected broadleaf weeds in paddy rice. Several compounds of this invention are useful for grass and broadleaf weed control in cereal crops such as barley, oats, triticale, and wheat, and in potatoes and tomatoes. Several compounds are especially useful for control of barnyardgrass and selected broadleaf weeds and sedges such as waterchestnut and water plantain in transplanted paddy rice. These compounds also have utility for broad-spectrum pre- and/or postemergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired such as around storage tanks, parking lots, drive-in theaters, billboards, highways, railroad structures, and in fallow areas. Alternatively, these compounds are useful to modify plant growth or as citrus abscission agents.
Rates of application for compounds of this invention are determined by a number of factors. These factors include: formulation selected, method of application, amount of vegetation present, growing conditions, etc. In general terms, the subject compounds should be applied at rates from 0.0005 to 20 kg/ha, with a preferred rate range of from 0.001 to 0.25 kg/ha. Compounds of this invention may be used alone or in combination with other commercial herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides. The following list exemplifies some of the herbicides suitable for use in mixtures. A combination of a compound from this invention with one or more of the following herbicides may be particularly useful for weed control.
______________________________________Common Name Chemical Name______________________________________anilofos S-4-chloro-N-isopropylcarbaniloyl- methyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphorodi- thioatebensulfuron 2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimi-methyl dinyl)amino]sulfonyl]methyl]- benzoic acid, methyl esterbenfuresate 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylben- zofuran-5-yl)ethanesulphonatebentazon 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3- benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one, 2,2-dioxidebenzofluor N-[4-(ethylthio)-2-(trifluoro- methyl)phenyl]methanesulfonamidebifenox methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2- nitrobenzoatebromoxynil 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrilebutachlor N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6- diethylphenyl)acetamidechlormethoxy- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 4-nitro-3-nil methoxyphenyl etherchlornitrofen 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ethercinmethylin exo-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2- [(2-methylphenyl)methoxy]-7-oxa- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptaneCGA 142'464 3-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2- yl)-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl- sulfonyl]-ureadesmetryn 2-(isopropylamino)-4-(methylamino)- 6-(methylthio)-s-triazinedichlobenil 2,6-dichlorobenzonitriledimepiperate S-1-methyl-1-phenylethylpiperidine- 1-carbothioatedymron N-(4-methylphenyl)-N'-(1-methyl-1- phenylethyl)ureaesprocarb (SC2957) S-benzyl-N-ethyl-N-(1,2-dimethyl- propyl)thiolcarbamateethofumesate (.+-.)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-di- methyl-5-benzofuranyl methane- sulfonatefenoxaprop (.+-.)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)- oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acidfluazifop (.+-.)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acidfluorodifen -p-nitrophenyl .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2- nitro- -p-tolyl etherfomesafen 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2- nitrobenzamidelactofen (.+-.)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl- 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoateMCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acidMCPB 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acidMON 7200 S,S-dimethyl-2-(difluoromethyl)-4- (2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoro- methyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioatemefluidide N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoro- methyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]- acetamidemefenacet 2-(2-benzothiazolyloxy-N-methyl-N- phenylacetamidemethazole 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dionemetsulfuron 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-methyl tri-azin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]- amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid, methyl estermolinate S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine- 1-carbothioatemonuron N'-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylureanitrofen 2,4-dichloro-1-(4-nitrophenoxy)- benzenenorflurazon 4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(tri- fluoromethyl)phenyl]-3(2H)- pyridazinoneoryzalin 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzene- sulfonamideoxadiazon 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)- phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-oneoxyfluorfen 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzenependimethalin N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6- dinitrobenzenaminepretilachlor .alpha.-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(2-propoxyethyl)- acetanilidepropanil N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamidepyrazosulfuron ethyl 5-[3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ethyl yl)ureadosulfonyl]-1-methylpyrazole-4- carboxylatepyrazolate 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl- pyrazol-5-yl- -p-toluenesulphonatequizalofop (.+-.)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)-ethyl oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid, ethyl esterquinclorac 3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acidSK-233 1-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(4-methyl- phenyl)ureathiobencarb S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethylcar- bamothioatetriclopyr [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)- oxy]acetic acid2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid2,4-DB 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid-- 1-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-3- -p-toluylurea-- 1-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-p-methylbenzyl-3- -p'- toluylurea______________________________________
Herbicidal properties of the subject compounds were discovered in a number of greenhouse tests. Test procedures and results follow.
______________________________________Compounds ##STR15## ##STR16##Compound # Q R X m.p. (.degree.C.)______________________________________1 Q-1 Cl OCH.sub.3 135-1362 Q-1 Cl CH.sub.3 126-1273 Q-1 F OCH.sub.3 200-2054 Q-1 F CH.sub.3 127-1285 Q-1 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 135-1386 Q-1 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 141-1457 Q-1 Cl OCF.sub.2 H 200-2048 Q-1 Cl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 131-1339 Q-2 Cl OCH.sub.3 220-22110 Q-2 Cl CH.sub.3 198- 19911 Q-2 F OCH.sub.3 195-20012 Q-2 F CH.sub.3 193-19813 Q-2 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 240-24114 Q-2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 214-217______________________________________
Seeds of barley (Hordeum volgare), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus) or downy brome (Bromus tectorum), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), soybean (Glycine max), sugar beet (Beta vulcaris), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) wheat (Triticum aestivum), and wild oat (Avena fatua) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers were planted and treated preemergence with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species were also treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals. Plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm (two to three leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately sixteen days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. The ratings, summmarized in Table A, are based on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no effect and 10 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result. The accompanying descriptive symbols have the following meanings:
C=chlorosis/necrosis;
G=growth retardation;
H=formative effect; and
U=unusual pigmentation.
TABLE A__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Cmpd 2 Cmpd 3 Cmpd 4Rate (g/ha) 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10__________________________________________________________________________P0STEMERGENCEBarley 3C,6G 2C,5G 2C,5G 2C,5G 2C,6G 2G 3C,8G 0Barnyardgrass 10C 9C 9C 9C 9C 9C 9C 3C,9HCheatgrass -- -- -- -- 8G 5G 8G 5GCocklebur 9C 9C 9C 10C 10C 10C 10C 9CCorn 10C 5C,9G 10C 4C,9G 9C 4U,9G 3C,9G 2C,9GCotton 10C 9C 10C 9C 9C 4C,9G 9C 4C,9GCrabgrass 9C 4C,9G 3C,7G 5G 2C,7G 2G 4C,9H 3C,7GDowny brome 10C 9C 3C,7G 2C,7G -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 9C 4C,7G 4C,9H 2C,6G 2C,9G 7G 4C,9H 3C,7GMorningglory 10C 10C 10C 10C 9C 4C,9G 10C 4C,9GNutsedge 10C 4C,9G -- 0 5G 2C,2G 2G 0Rice 4C,9G 2C,5G 2C,9G 6G 3C,8G 5G 3C,8G 2C,4GSorghum 10C 9C 9C 5C,9G 4C,9G -- 5C,9G 5C,9GSoybean 9C 9C 9C 5C,9G 3C,9G 3C,8H 4C,9G 3C,7HSugar beet 10C 9C 10C 10C 9C 9C 9C 9CVelvetleaf 9C 9C 10C 9C 10C 5C,9G 9C 4C,9HWheat 3C,7G 4G 3C,6G 4G 3G 0 6G 0Wild oat 3C,7G 3G 2C,5G 3C,3G 4G 0 2C,4G 0PREEMERGENCEBarley 0 0 3C,5G 2C,3G 8G 3G 2C,5G 2CBarnyardgrass 9H 8H 9H 3C,8H 9H 8H 9H 3C,7HCheatgrass -- -- -- -- 9G 3G 8G 7GCocklebur 8H 3H 9H 6H 9H 3C,7H 8H 2C,3GCorn 3C,9G 9G 5C,9G 2C,4G 3C,9G 2C,8H 3C,9H 3C,8GCotton 2C,5G 0 3C,6G 2G 9G 9G 3C,9G 2C,7HCrabgrass 3C,6G 3C,5G 3C,6G 2C,2G 9H 5G 9H 3C,7GDowny brome 9H 8G 9H 3C,8H -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 6G 3G 9H 2C,2G 9H 5G 8H 3C,6GMorningglory 9G 8H 9G 7H 9G 9G 3C,9H 7HNutsedge 9G 0 7G 0 5G 0 3G 0Rice 7G 2G 3C,6G 2C,4G 9H 7G 2C,8G 2C,5GSorghum 10H 9H 9H 3C,8G 3C,9H 8G 3C,9H 3C,8HSoybean 8H 3C,5H 9H 3C,7G 3C,8H 6G 3C,7H 3C,4HSugar beet 5C,9G 9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 4C,9G 4G 4C,9G 4C,9GVelvetleaf 9H 7H 5C,9H 6H 8H 3H 3C,7H 2C,4HWheat 2G 0 8G 2G 4G 0 5G 0Wild oat 2G 2G 6G 2G 2C,5G 2G 2C,5G 2C,2G__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 5 Cmpd 6 Cmpd 7 Cmpd 8RATE (g/ha) 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10__________________________________________________________________________P0STEMERGENCEBarley 5G 0 3C,5G 1C 2G 0 2C,2G 0Barnyardgrass 9C 3C,9H 9C 5C,9G 3C,7H 3C,7G 5C,9H 2C,6HCheatgrass 9G 2C,7G 2C,7G 2C,3G 2C,9G 2C,8G 9G 8GCocklebur 4C,9G 9C 9C 4C,9G 4C,9G 3C,7H 5C,9G 3C,7GCorn 3C,9G 2C,5G 2C,9G 3C,6G 3C,8G 3C,7H 3C,8G 2C,4GCotton 9C 10C 10C 5C,9G 4G 1C,2G 8G 8GCrabgrass 7G 2G 4C,8G 2C,6G 0 2G 2C 0Downy brome -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 9G 7G 3C,9G 3C,7G 2C,7G 2G 3C,6G 3GMorningglory 10C 9C 10C 9C 5C,9G 4C,9G 10C 9CNutsedge 3C,8G 5G 5C,9G 3C,8G 3G 0 0 0Rice 6G 6G 3C,7G 3G 3G 0 2C,6G 0Sorghum 5C,9G 2C,9G 4C,9G 4C,9G 4C,9G 4C,9G 4C,9G 4C,8GSoybean 4C,8H 3C,7H 4C,9G 4C,9G 3C,8H 4C,9G 5C,9G 3C,6GSugar beet 9C 4C,9G 9C 9C 9C 5C,9G 9C 9CVelvetleaf 9C 10C 10C 4C,8G 7G 1C 9C 7GWheat 2G 0 4G 0 0 0 2G 0Wild oat 2C,5G 0 3C,6G 4G 0 0 0 0PREEMERGENCEBarley 2G 0 2C,4G 0 0 0 0 0Barnyardgrass 9H 2C,3G 9H 3C,8H 3C,6H 2G 4C,9H 2C,2HCheatgrass 8G 5G 2C,7G 5G 3G 0 7G 6GCocklebur 8H 2C,5G 9H 2C,2H 3C,8H 1H 2G 0Corn 2C,9H 2C,3G 3C,9G 2C,6G 3C,8G 2G 4C,7G 2C,2GCotton 8G 2G 3C,7H 3G 2C,7G 2G 4G 0Crabgrass 8G 3G 2C,9H 8H 8H 0 2C,3G 0Downy brome -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 8H 5G 9H 8H 5G 0 3C,7G 2GMorningglory 9G 2C,5H 3C,7G 5G 3C,8H 0 2C,3G 0Nutsedge 8G 0 0 5G 0 0 0 0Rice 7G 0 7G 3G 0 2G 2C,2G 0Sorghum 9G 2C,8G 2C,9H 3C,7G 4C,9G 8G 2C,7G 2C,4GSoybean 8H 7H 4C,8H 3C,7H 2C,3H 0 2C,4G 0Sugar beet 9G 9G 4C,9G 3C,8G 4C,9G 7G 4C,9G 6GVelvetleaf 8G 3H 3C,7H 2C,2H 3C,6H 1H 3C,6H 2HWheat 0 0 4G 0 0 0 0 0Wild oat 0 0 2C,5G 1C 0 0 0 0__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 9 Cmpd 10 Cmpd 11 Cmpd 12RATE (g/ha) 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10__________________________________________________________________________P0STEMERGENCEBarley 0 0 3C,6G 3G 0 0 0 0Barnyardgrass 3C,9H 3C,7H 9G 4C,9H 5G 0 3C,9H 6HCheatgrass 7G 3G 4C,9G 3C,8G 0 0 7G 4GCocklebur 4C,9G 2C,8H 10C 4C,9G 4C,9G 3C,7H 4C,9G 3C,9HCorn 2C,3G 0 3C,9H 3C,7H 2C,5G 0 2C,9G 2GCotton 10C 3C,9G 9C 5C,9G 3C,9G 9G 9C 9GCrabgrass 3C,6G 2G 3G 0 0 0 3G 2GDowny brome -- -- -- -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 6G 4G 2C,8G 4G 0 0 5G 2GMorningglory 9C 4C,9G 9C 4C,9H 3C,9G 2C,3H 4C,9G 3C,7HNutsedge 9G 2C,9G 9G 2C,8G 0 0 8G 4GRice 2G 0 4G 0 0 0 0 0Sorghum 3C,5G 3G 4C,9G 3C,7G 0 0 2C,6G 2GSoybean 3C,9G 2C,8G 3C,9G 4C,9G 3C,7G 1C,3H 3C,7G 1C,4GSugar beet 9C 4C,9G 5C,9G 9C 3C,7H 3C,6H 5C,9H 4C,8HVelvetleaf 9C 8G 6C,9G 3C,8G 4C,9H 3C,8H 5C,9H 5HWheat 0 0 7G 3G 0 0 0 0Wild oat 0 0 2C,7G 2C,3G 0 0 2G 0PREEMERGENCEBarley 0 0 4G 2G 0 0 0 0Barnyardgrass 7G 0 3C,8G 2C,7H 2G 0 3C,7H 3HCheatgrass 7G 0 2C,7G 7G 4G 0 8G 4GCocklebur 7G 0 7G 1H 7G 0 3C,5G 2GCorn 3C,7G 2C,3G 2C,8G 3C,4G 2C,3G 0 2C,7G 1CCotton 3G 0 3C,7G 2G 0 0 2G 0Crabgrass 0 0 3G 0 0 0 2G 0Downy brome -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Giant foxtail 2G 0 5G 0 0 0 3G 2GMorningglory 8G 2G 8G 4G 9G 2C,5G 3C,9G 2C,5GNutsedge 3C,8G 0 5G 0 0 0 0 0Ric 0 0 3G 0 0 0 0 0Sorghum 2C,2G 0 3C,7G 2C,3G 5G 4G 4G 2C,3GSoybean 3C,7H 0 3C,8H 2C,6G 2C,4G 1C,2G 3C,6H 2C,2HSugar beet 8G 5G 4C,9G 5G 6G 3G 4C,8G 4HVelvetleaf 7G 2G 4C,9G 3G 2C,7G 2C,4G 4C,8H 3C,6HWheat 0 0 2G 0 0 0 0 0Wild oat 0 0 4G 0 0 0 2G 0__________________________________________________________________________
TEST B
Seeds of barley (Hordeum volgare), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), chickweed (Stellaria media), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), rape (Brassica napus), rice (Oryza sativa), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), soybean (Glycine max), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), teaweed (Sida spinosa), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), and wild oat (Avena fatua) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers were planted and treated preemergence with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species were also treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals. Plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm (two to three leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 24 days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table B, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.
TABLE B__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Compd 2 Compd 3 Compd 4RATE (g/ha) 62 16 4 1 62 16 4 1 250 62 16 4 62 16 4 1__________________________________________________________________________POSTEMERGENCEBarley 50 30 0 0 30 0 0 0 80 70 50 30 40 20 0 0Barnyardgrass 100 100 80 60 100 100 90 60 100 100 90 80 100 80 70 40Blackgrass 50 30 0 0 100 50 30 0 100 100 70 50 80 60 30 0Chickweed 100 90 80 50 100 100 80 40 100 100 100 100 90 90 70 50Cocklebur 100 100 90 60 100 100 80 60 100 100 100 100 80 70 60 20Corn 70 60 50 30 90 80 70 30 100 100 100 100 100 50 20 0Cotton 100 100 70 30 90 80 60 40 100 100 100 100 80 70 40 0Crabgrass 80 60 30 0 80 50 30 0 90 70 50 40 90 70 30 0Downy brome 70 50 30 0 70 50 30 0 70 60 50 30 50 20 0 0Giant foxtail 100 70 50 30 90 70 50 30 90 80 70 60 -- -- -- --Green foxtail 90 70 60 50 90 80 70 50 100 100 90 80 80 40 20 0Jimsonweed 100 100 80 70 100 100 70 50 100 100 90 70 90 80 30 0Johnsongrass 100 100 80 70 90 80 60 30 100 100 90 70 -- -- -- --Lambsquarters 100 100 100 70 100 90 80 70 100 90 80 70 100 80 50 0Morningglory 100 100 100 70 100 100 90 70 100 100 100 100 90 80 60 --Nutsedge 100 90 50 0 70 50 30 0 -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0Rape 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90Rice 90 60 0 0 70 50 30 0 70 60 50 30 80 30 30 20Sicklepod 100 100 70 30 90 70 50 30 100 100 90 60 90 60 30 0Soybean 90 80 70 60 100 100 80 60 100 100 100 80 80 60 40 30Sugar beet 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Teaweed 100 100 50 30 90 70 50 30 100 90 80 70 80 50 20 0Velvetleaf 100 90 70 50 90 80 70 50 100 100 100 90 100 60 20 0Wheat 30 0 0 0 50 30 0 0 50 30 0 0 50 10 0 0Wild buckwheat 100 100 90 60 90 60 0 0 90 80 70 40 90 50 50 0Wild oat 20 0 0 0 50 30 0 0 70 60 40 20 60 40 20 0__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Compd 2 Compd 3 Compd 4RATE (g/ha) 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4__________________________________________________________________________PREEMERGENCEBarley 50 30 0 0 50 30 0 0 50 50 40 0 50 40 40 20Barnyardgrass 100 100 80 50 100 100 80 50 100 100 90 20 100 90 90 50Blackgrass 70 50 30 0 80 50 30 0 100 80 70 50 80 60 40 30Chickweed 100 90 70 50 100 100 80 50 100 100 80 70 100 90 80 60Cocklebur 90 70 50 30 90 80 30 0 100 100 100 80 90 90 85 0Corn 100 100 0 0 90 60 0 0 100 100 100 40 100 100 100 90Cotton 90 60 30 0 80 30 0 0 100 100 80 40 100 100 100 0Crabgrass 90 80 50 30 90 80 70 60 100 100 80 70 100 100 90 80Downy brome 70 50 30 0 70 50 30 0 70 30 0 0 40 0 0 0Giant foxtail 90 80 70 30 100 90 70 50 100 80 60 30 100 90 80 30Green foxtail 100 100 90 60 100 90 80 60 100 100 100 30 100 100 80 70Jimsonweed 90 70 50 30 90 70 50 30 100 100 100 40 100 100 90 10Johnsongrass 100 90 80 70 100 90 80 60 100 100 80 60 100 90 80 70Lambsquarters 100 90 70 50 100 90 60 30 100 100 100 20 100 100 90 0Morningglory 90 80 50 30 80 60 30 0 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 80Nutsedge 90 60 30 0 30 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 80 20 -- 0Rape 100 100 90 70 100 90 70 50 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90Rice 70 50 30 0 70 50 0 0 90 80 60 50 100 70 50 30Sicklepod 90 60 30 0 70 60 50 30 100 100 40 30 100 85 30 20Soybean 90 70 30 0 90 60 30 0 100 60 50 0 100 80 -- 40Sugar beet 100 90 80 70 100 90 80 60 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80Teaweed 90 70 50 30 90 60 30 0 100 100 90 0 100 90 80 60Velvetleaf 90 80 70 60 90 70 50 30 100 100 80 30 90 90 70 30Wheat 30 0 0 0 50 30 0 0 40 30 20 0 20 20 0 0Wild buckwheat 100 100 70 30 90 70 50 30 100 100 90 70 90 80 0 0Wild oat 50 30 0 0 70 50 30 0 60 50 0 0 45 40 30 30__________________________________________________________________________ Compd 5 Compd 6 Cmpd 10 Cmpd 12RATE (g/ha) 62 16 4 1 62 16 4 1 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4__________________________________________________________________________POSTEMERGENCEBarley 50 30 0 0 60 20 0 0 60 40 20 0 50 40 0 0Barnyardgrass 100 90 80 50 100 90 80 -- 100 90 70 40 90 60 50 30Blackgrass 100 80 50 0 80 70 50 40 100 70 50 30 80 50 30 0Chickweed 100 100 50 0 100 90 70 30 100 90 50 0 100 50 40 0Cocklebur 100 100 100 30 100 100 100 -- 100 100 80 70 100 100 90 50Corn 100 90 50 0 90 85 60 -- 80 60 40 0 85 50 20 0Cotton 100 100 90 60 100 90 90 -- 100 100 100 60 100 90 90 40Crabgrass 70 50 40 0 70 50 40 20 40 30 0 0 50 30 0 0Downy brome 30 30 0 0 60 30 0 0 70 50 30 0 30 0 0 0Giant foxtail 80 50 30 0 90 70 0 -- 90 70 50 30 30 0 0 0Green foxtail 90 80 50 20 100 90 40 -- 90 60 30 0 60 20 0 0Jimsonweed 100 100 70 50 100 100 60 50 100 90 80 50 100 40 30 30Johnsongrass 90 85 70 60 100 70 50 -- 100 100 80 50 90 90 20 0Lambsquarters 80 60 30 0 90 30 20 0 100 70 50 30 100 80 20 0Morningglory 100 100 90 -- 100 90 80 -- 100 100 100 70 100 100 100 80Nutsedge 90 70 50 30 90 30 -- 0 100 90 70 50 100 90 20 0Rape 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Rice 80 60 50 0 80 50 40 30 70 50 30 0 50 30 0 0Sicklepod 80 70 60 0 90 30 30 0 80 70 60 30 100 90 50 50Soybean 100 100 90 50 100 100 90 -- 100 100 70 60 100 90 80 60Sugar beet 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100Teaweed 80 60 55 0 90 80 0 0 70 60 30 0 60 40 30 20Velvetleaf 100 100 80 60 100 100 60 50 100 100 100 60 100 100 100 80Wheat 40 20 0 0 50 30 0 0 50 30 0 0 30 0 0 0Wild buckwheat 100 90 30 0 100 80 40 0 90 80 60 30 90 90 50 0Wild oat 70 50 0 0 90 30 0 0 70 60 30 0 40 -- 0 0__________________________________________________________________________ Compd 5 Compd 6 Cmpd 10 Cmpd 12RATE (g/ha) 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4__________________________________________________________________________PREEMERGENCEBarley 40 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Barnyardgrass 80 60 50 0 80 70 60 30 100 90 70 50 90 50 0 0Blackgrass 70 50 50 30 80 70 70 50 80 70 50 30 70 50 30 0Chickweed 90 80 80 80 90 80 70 60 90 60 30 0 70 50 40 30Cocklebur 80 80 50 -- 70 70 60 30 90 80 30 0 70 50 0 0Corn 90 60 0 0 100 70 0 0 90 40 20 0 80 40 0 0Cotton 70 60 30 0 60 30 0 0 60 30 0 0 50 20 0 0Crabgrass 85 80 70 60 100 90 80 70 90 80 50 0 100 70 30 0Downy brome 30 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 50 30 0 0 50 30 0 0Giant foxtail 80 60 30 0 80 70 60 0 100 90 40 20 50 30 0 0Green foxtail 90 80 50 30 90 90 70 40 90 80 50 0 80 50 30 0Jimsonweed 80 60 40 30 90 80 70 30 90 80 60 40 70 60 50 30Johnsongrass 70 60 30 0 80 70 60 40 90 80 70 30 80 70 30 0Lambsquarters 95 90 80 50 100 95 90 70 100 90 80 70 90 80 70 30Morningglory 70 60 60 40 80 60 30 0 90 80 70 60 80 50 30 0Nutsedge 70 50 0 0 30 30 30 0 100 90 60 30 -- -- -- --Rape 90 80 60 40 80 70 60 40 90 80 70 40 90 80 70 60Rice 90 60 40 0 70 60 30 0 90 60 30 0 50 0 0 0Sicklepod 90 80 70 60 70 70 70 70 90 80 60 40 90 70 30 0Soybean 60 20 0 0 60 40 20 0 70 50 30 0 70 50 20 0Sugar beet 80 75 70 50 90 90 70 70 80 70 50 30 90 70 30 0Teaweed 100 80 70 60 70 60 50 40 90 60 30 0 70 60 50 30Velvetleaf 80 70 50 30 80 70 60 30 90 80 60 30 80 70 30 0Wheat 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 60 30 0 0 0 0 0 0Wild buckwheat 90 70 50 30 80 60 30 0 90 70 30 0 60 30 0 0Wild oat 40 30 30 0 60 30 0 0 70 60 50 40 0 0 0 0__________________________________________________________________________
TEST C
Plastic pots were partially filled with silt loam soil. The soil was then saturated with water. Japonica and Indica rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings at the 2.0 to 2.5 leaf stage, seeds selected from barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), bulrush (Scirous mucronatus), duck salad (Heteranthera limosa), scirpus (Scirpus spp.), umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis), and water plantain (Alisma triviale), and tubers selected from arrowhead (Sagittaria rigida), common arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), waterchestnut (Eleocharis spp.), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) were planted into this soil. Several days after planting, water levels were raised to 3 cm above the soil surface and maintained at this level throughout the test. Chemical treatments were formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent and applied directly to the paddy water. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 21 days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table C, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.
TABLE C__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Cmpd 2 Cmpd 3RATE (g/ha) 250 125 64 32 16 32 16 8 4 8 4 2 1 0.5__________________________________________________________________________Arrowhead -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Barnyardgrass 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 95 70 80 50 30 0 0Bulrush -- -- -- -- -- 90 90 90 80 95 95 80 0 0Common Arrowhead 100 100 95 50 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Duck salad -- -- -- -- -- 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 0 0Rice (Indica) 30 20 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 30 20 0 0 0Rice (Japonica) 40 30 20 20 0 25 20 0 0 50 30 0 0 0Scirpus 100 100 95 95 90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Umbrella sedge -- -- -- -- -- 100 100 100 95 100 100 95 80 60Water Plantain 100 100 95 95 90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Waterchestnut 95 95 90 80 75 95 95 95 80 90 80 80 60 0Yellow Nutsedge 95 75 45 0 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 5 Cmpd 6 Cmpd 7RATE (g/ha) 64 32 16 8 4 64 32 16 8 4 125 64 32 16 8__________________________________________________________________________Arrowhead 90 70 60 0 0 90 90 90 90 70 95 95 95 60 0Barnyardgrass 100 90 80 30 30 100 100 95 80 60 95 80 60 0 0Bulrush 80 70 70 60 50 80 80 80 80 70 98 95 90 60 0Common Arrowhead -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Duck salad 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Rice (Indica) 0 0 0 0 0 50 40 30 20 0 20 0 0 0 0Rice (Japonica) 40 0 0 0 0 60 50 30 0 0 30 20 0 0 0Scirpus -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Umbrella sedge 100 100 100 95 80 100 100 100 95 70 100 98 80 60 0Water Plantain -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Waterchestnut 80 40 70 0 0 80 80 70 70 60 95 95 90 70 70Yellow Nutsedge -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cmpd 9 Cmpd 10 RATE (g/ha) 125 64 32 16 8 125 64 32 16 8__________________________________________________________________________ Arrowhead 100 90 90 80 70 100 100 100 95 95 Barnyardgrass 98 95 60 50 30 100 100 90 65 20 Bulrush 95 90 90 98 80 100 95 95 95 95 Common Arrowhead -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Duck salad -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Rice (Indica) 20 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 10 0 Rice (Japonica) 20 0 0 0 0 50 40 20 10 0 Scirpus -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Umbrella sedge 100 100 100 98 95 -- -- -- -- -- Water Plantain 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 95 95 95 Waterchestnut 80 80 70 70 70 85 75 40 40 40 Yellow Nutsedge -- -- -- -- -- 100 90 80 60 40__________________________________________________________________________
TEST D
Seeds of spring and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), bluegrass (Poa annua), catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), field violet (Viola arvensis), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), ivyleaf speedwell (Veronica hedersefolia), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), kochia (Kochia scoparia), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), Persian speedwell (Veronica persica), rape (Brassica napus), Russian thistle (Salsola kali), scentless chamomile (Matricaria inodora), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), and wild oat (Avena fatua) were planted and treated preemergence with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species were also treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals. Plants ranged in height from two to twenty-four cm (two to three leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Blackgrass and wild oat were treated postemergence at two growth stages--the first stage being at two to three leaves and the second stage being approximately at four leaves or in the initial stages of tillering. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 21 days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table D, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.
TABLE D__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Cmpd 2RATE (g/ha) 125 64 32 16 8 4 125 64 32 16 8__________________________________________________________________________POSTEMERGENCEBarley, Spring 30 20 10 0 0 0 80 70 60 30 10Barley, Winter 50 40 30 30 10 10 70 50 30 10 0Black nightshade 50 50 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 0 0Blackgrass 80 80 70 50 0 0 60 40 20 10 0Blackgrass, Stage 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 50 30 10 0Bluegrass 40 40 30 10 0 0 30 10 0 0 0Catchweed bedstraw 10 10 10 0 0 0 50 40 30 10 10Cheatgrass 70 70 50 30 0 0 60 50 40 20 0Downy brome 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0Field pennycress 60 40 30 10 0 0 100 100 100 100 80Field violet 40 20 10 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 0Green foxtail 90 90 90 70 50 20 80 50 40 20 0Italian ryegrass 10 10 0 0 0 0 80 80 50 30 10Ivyleaf speedwell 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0Jointed goatgrass 40 40 30 10 0 0 60 40 20 10 0Kochia 70 60 60 40 30 0 100 100 100 80 60Lambsquarters 80 80 70 70 50 20 100 90 70 50 50Persian speedwell 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 0 0 0Rape 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Russian thistle -- -- -- -- -- -- 100 90 80 70 60Scentless chamomile 30 20 20 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 100Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100Wheat, Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 40 40 20 0Wheat, Winter 20 10 10 0 0 0 50 30 20 10 0Wild buckwheat 80 60 50 30 20 0 60 40 10 0 0Wild oat 10 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 20 0 0Wild oat, Stage 2 20 10 0 0 0 0 60 50 30 10 0PREEMERGENCEBarley, Spring 40 40 30 30 0 0 70 50 40 20 0Barley, Winter 70 50 40 20 10 0 60 60 50 30 10Black nightshade 70 70 60 30 20 0 70 70 50 50 30Blackgrass 90 80 60 60 40 20 80 80 60 40 20Bluegrass 50 40 20 10 0 0 70 40 40 20 0Catchweed bedstraw 90 80 50 30 10 0 90 70 50 50 10Cheatgrass 80 60 30 0 0 0 80 70 40 40 20Downy brome 30 10 10 0 0 0 60 50 20 0 0Field pennycress 100 100 100 90 70 50 100 100 100 100 100Field violet 60 50 20 10 0 0 100 100 80 70 30Green foxtail 100 80 80 60 20 0 100 80 80 50 20Italian ryegrass 70 40 40 30 10 0 80 80 60 50 20Ivyleaf speedwell 80 30 0 0 0 0 100 100 80 60 40Jointed goatgrass 30 10 0 0 0 0 50 30 10 0 0Kochia 50 20 0 0 0 0 100 90 90 80 70Lambsquarters 90 90 90 70 30 20 100 100 90 80 70Persian speedwell 60 30 30 10 0 0 90 80 70 50Rape 100 100 100 100 60 40 100 100 100 100 90Russian thistle -- -- -- -- -- -- 90 80 80 60 30Scentless chamomile 100 100 90 90 80 70 100 100 100 90 80Sugar beet 100 100 100 80 70 60 100 100 100 100 90Wheat, Spring 10 0 0 0 0 0 60 60 40 20 0Wheat, Winter 20 10 10 0 0 0 40 30 20 10 0Wild buckwheat 80 80 50 30 10 0 90 90 70 60 50Wild oat 20 20 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 10 0__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 5 Cmpd 12 RATE (g/ha) 125 64 32 16 8 125 64 32 16__________________________________________________________________________ POSTEMERGENCE Barley, Spring 20 10 10 0 0 20 10 0 0 Barley, Winter 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Black nightshade 70 70 70 40 30 10 0 0 0 Blackgrass 40 10 0 0 0 70 40 20 0 Blackgrass, Stage 2 30 0 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 Bluegrass 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Catchweed bedstraw 100 80 70 40 10 50 40 40 10 Cheatgrass 30 20 0 0 0 60 40 20 0 Downy brome 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Field pennycress 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Field violet 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Green foxtail 90 70 40 40 30 50 20 0 0 Italian ryegrass 40 10 0 0 0 80 60 50 40 Ivyleaf speedwell 100 100 90 70 50 40 40 20 0 Jointed goatgrass 20 10 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 Kochia 70 70 40 10 0 0 0 0 0 Lambsquarters 50 40 10 0 0 30 10 0 0 Persian speedwell 50 40 20 20 0 40 20 10 0 Rape 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Russian thistle 100 100 100 100 90 90 70 60 30 Scentless chamomile 100 100 90 90 70 80 70 70 50 Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 Wheat, Spring 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Wheat, Winter 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Wild buckwheat 70 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wild oat 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wild oat, Stage 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PREEMERGENCE Barley, Spring 30 10 10 0 0 40 20 10 0 Barley, Winter 30 10 0 0 0 20 10 0 0 Black nightshade 100 70 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 Blackgrass 80 70 50 40 20 70 40 10 0 Bluegrass 30 10 0 0 0 50 20 10 0 Catchweed bedstraw 80 80 50 10 0 40 40 10 0 Cheatgrass 80 80 60 50 20 70 60 30 20 Downy brome 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 0 0 Field pennycress 100 100 90 90 70 90 70 70 50 Field violet 90 90 90 50 30 0 0 0 0 Green foxtail 90 90 40 30 10 30 10 0 0 Italian ryegrass 30 10 0 0 0 80 70 50 30 Ivyleaf speedwell 80 70 70 50 20 70 40 10 0 Jointed goatgrass 20 0 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 Kochia 70 50 20 10 0 20 0 0 0 Lambsquarters 90 60 50 50 30 70 70 50 30 Persian speedwell 60 20 10 0 0 70 50 40 20 Rape 100 100 100 90 90 100 90 90 70 Russian thistle 20 10 0 0 0 80 60 50 0 Scentless chamomile 100 100 100 90 60 90 70 50 10 Sugar beet 100 100 90 90 70 100 100 90 90 Wheat, Spring 10 10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Wheat, Winter 10 0 0 0 0 20 10 0 0 Wild buckwheat 90 60 40 20 0 40 10 0 0 Wild oat 10 0 0 0 0 30 10 0 0__________________________________________________________________________
Seeds of alfalfa Medicago sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), bluegrass (Poa pratensis), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), oat (Avena sativa), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), peas (Pisium sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), rape (Brassica napus), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), soybean (Glycine max), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were planted into a sandy loam soil. These plants were allowed to grow to the two to three leaf stage (four to twenty cm) before they were treated postemergence with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. Treated plants and controls were grown under greenhouse conditions for approximately twenty-four days, after which all treated plants were visually compared to untreated controls and evaluated for injury response. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table E, are from 0 to 100 where 0 is no injury and 100 is complete control.
TABLE E__________________________________________________________________________ Cmpd 1 Cmpd 2RATE (g/ha) 125 64 32 16 8 4 125 64 32 16 8 4__________________________________________________________________________POSTEMERGENCEAlfalfa 100 95 85 65 50 25 100 95 85 65 40 35Barley, Spring 60 40 30 0 0 0 75 65 40 30 0 0Bluegrass 95 85 70 45 25 0 95 80 65 40 25 0Corn 100 100 100 100 95 75 100 100 100 90 65 30Cotton 100 100 100 95 80 60 100 100 100 95 65 35Oat 50 35 25 0 0 0 80 70 40 25 0 0Peanut 100 95 90 70 55 35 100 95 90 80 45 25Peas 100 100 100 100 90 75 100 100 100 95 95 60Potato 60 40 30 20 0 0 70 65 60 45 35 20Rape 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 85Rice 65 50 25 0 0 0 75 65 35 20 0 0Sorghum 100 100 100 95 85 70 100 100 90 75 65 40Soybean 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 95 80Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 80Tomato 100 95 65 45 30 20 95 70 40 25 0 0Wheat, Spring 60 40 30 0 0 0 80 65 45 30 0 0__________________________________________________________________________
TEST F
This test illustrates the utility of Compound 1 for weed control in transplanted rice. Note in particular the activity on barnyardgrass and bulrush with transplanted rice tolerance.
Plastic pots were partially filled with silt loam soil. The soil was then saturated with water. Sprouted tubers of arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seeds, rough-seeded bulrush (Scirpus mucronatus) seedlings at the two to four leaf stage, and japonica rice (Orvza sativa) seedlings at the 2.0 to 2.5 leaf stage were planted into this soil. A few days after planting, water levels were raised to 3 cm above the soil surface and maintained at this level throughout the test. Chemical treatments were formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent and applied directly to the paddy water. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 21 days, after which all species were compared to contols and visually evaluated. The ratings, summarized in Table F, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control.
TABLE F______________________________________ Cmpd 1RATE (g/ha) 300 100 30 10 3______________________________________Arrowhead 90 80 70 0 0Barnyardgrass 100 100 100 40 0Bulrush 95 95 95 95 90Rice (Japonica) 40 30 20 0 0______________________________________

Number	Name	Date
4602936	Topfl et al.	Jul 1986
4801327	Christensen et al.	Jan 1989
4851030	Rorer	Jul 1989

Number	Date	Country
164268	Nov 1985	EPX
209230	Feb 1987	EPX

Herbicides for weed control in rice

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Rorer, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 105, entry 24272c (1986).
E. I. DuPont, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 106, entry 102,328n (1987).