HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0144221, filed on Oct. 31, 2017, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND
1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that, as compared with other devices, have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and produce full-color images.

OLEDs may include a first electrode disposed on a substrate, and may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region. Electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit (or relax) from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments include a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more embodiments, a heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, in Formula 1,

X₁₁may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₁)_a11-(R₁₁)_b11], X₁₂may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₂)_a12-(R₁₂)_b12], X₁₃may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₃)_a13-(R₁₃)_b13], X₁₄may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₄)_a14-(R₁₄)_b14], X₁₅may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₅)_a15-(R₁₅)_b15],

at least one selected from X₁₁to X₁₅may be N, provided that at least one selected from X₁₁to X₁₅is not N,

n1 may be selected from 0, 1, and 2, n2 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3, a sum of n1+n2 may be 3,

L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

a1, a2, and a11 to a15 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

when a1 is 0, *-(L₁)_a1-*′ may be a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L₂)_a2-*′ may be a single bond; when a11 is 0, *-(L₁₁)_a1-*′ may be a single bond; when a12 is 0, *-(L₁₂)_a12-*′ may be a single bond; when a13 is 0, *-(L₁₃)_a13-*′ may be a single bond; when a14 is 0, *-(L₁₄)_a14-*′ may be a single bond; when a15 is 0, *-(L₁₅)_a15-*′ may be a single bond,

when a1 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a2 is 2 or greater, at least two L₂groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a11 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁₁groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a12 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁₂groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a13 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁₃groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a14 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁₄groups may be identical to or different from each other; when a15 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁₅groups may be identical to or different from each other,

b1 and b11 to b15 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10,

when b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁groups may be identical to or different from each other; when b11 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁₁groups may be identical to or different from each other; when b12 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁₂groups may be identical to or different from each other; when b13 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁₃groups may be identical to or different from each other; when b14 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁₄groups may be identical to or different from each other; when b15 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁₅groups may be identical to or different from each other,

two adjacent groups selected from L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may optionally be bound to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one —F, and

at least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and the substituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁to Q₃, Q₁₁to Q₁₃, Q₂₁to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

According to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer may include an emission layer and at least one of the heterocyclic compound described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects of embodiments will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 4 is schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of embodiments of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of”, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

As the present disclosure allows for various modifications and include various embodiments, example embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the written description. Effects, features, and a method of achieving the subject matter of the present disclosure will become apparent by reference to the example embodiments of the present disclosure, together with the accompanying drawings. The subject matter of the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the example embodiments set forth herein.

Hereinafter, the subject matter of the present disclosure will be described in more detail by explaining example embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the attached drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements, and thus their description will not be repeated unnecessarily.

In the embodiments described in the present specification, an expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.

In the present specification, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including,” “having,” and “comprising” are intended to indicate the existence of the features or components disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may exist or may be added.

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “on” or “onto” another layer, region, or component, it may be directly or indirectly formed over the other layer, region, or component. For example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present.

Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings may be arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

A heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, in Formula 1, X₁₁may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₁)_a11-(R₁₁)_b11], X₁₂may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₂)_a12-(R₁₂)_b12], X₁₃may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₃)_a13-(R₁₃)_b13], X₁₄may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₄)_a14-(R₁₄)_b14], X₁₅may be selected from N and C-[(L₁₅)_a15-(R₁₅)_b15], and at least one selected from X₁₁to X₁₅may be N, provided that at least one selected from X₁₁to X₁₅may not be N.

In some embodiments, X₁₁, X₁₂, X₁₃, X₁₄, or X₁₅may be N; X₁₁and X₁₃may each be N; X₁₂and X₁₄may each be N; X₁₁and X₁₅may each be N; or X₁₁, X₁₃, and X₁₅may each be N, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, X₁₁, X₁₃, and X₁₅may each be N, X₁₂may be C-[(L₁₂)_a12-(R₁₂)_b12], and X₁₄may be C-[(L₁₄)_a14-(R₁₄)_b14], but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In Formula 1, n1 may be selected from 0, 1, and 2, and n2 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3, wherein a sum of n1+n2 may be 3.

In some embodiments, n1 may be 0, and n2 may be 3; n1 may be 1, and n2 may be 2; or n1 may be 2, and n2 may be 1.

In some embodiments, n1 may be 2, and n2 may be 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

n1 represents the number of substituent(s) represented by *-[(L₁)_a1-(R₁)_b1]; when n1 is 2 or greater, at least two substituents represented by *-[(L₁)_a1-(R₁)_b1] may identical to or different from each other. Descriptions for n2 may be understood by referring to the descriptions for n1 provided herein.

In Formula 1, L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group.

In some embodiments, L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may each independently be selected from:

a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group; and

Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group,

but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L₁, L₂, and L₁₁to L₁₅may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-47, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-47,

Y₁may be selected from O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), and Si(Z₆)(Z₇),

Z₁to Z₇may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

d2 may be an integer from 0 to 2; when d2 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d3 may be an integer from 0 to 3; when d3 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d4 may be an integer from 0 to 4; when d4 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d5 may be an integer from 0 to 5; when d5 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d6 may be an integer from 0 to 6; when d6 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d8 may be an integer from 0 to 8; when d8 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, L₁, L₂, and L₁₁to L₁₅may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-24, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-24,

Y₂₁may be selected from O, S, C(Z₂₃)(Z₂₄), N(Z₂₅), and Si(Z₂₆)(Z₂₇),

Z₂₁to Z₂₇may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

d2 may be an integer from 0 to 2; when d2 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d3 may be an integer from 0 to 3; when d3 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d4 may be an integer from 0 to 4; when d4 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₂₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d6 may be an integer from 0 to 6; when d6 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

d8 may be an integer from 0 to 8; when d8 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In Formula 1, a1, a2, and a11 to a15 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

a1 indicates the number of L₁groups; when a1 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁groups may be identical to or different from each other. Descriptions for a2 and a11 to a15 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for a1 provided herein.

When a1 is 0, *-(L₁)_a1-*′ may be a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L₂)_a2-*′ may be a single bond; when a11 is 0, *-(L₁₁)_a11-*′ may be a single bond; when a12 is 0, *-(L₁₂)_a12-*′ may be a single bond; when a13 is 0, *-(L₁₃)_a13-*′ may be a single bond; when a14 is 0, *-(L₁₄)_a14-*′ may be a single bond; and when a15 is 0, *-(L₁₅)_a15-*′ may be a single bond.

In some embodiments, a1 may be 0, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, a2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, a11 to a15 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, a1 may be 0, a2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and a11 to a15 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, R₁and R₁₁to R₁₅may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-79, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-79,

Y₃₁may be selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), and Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇),

Z₃₁to Z₃₇may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

e2 may be an integer from 0 to 2; when e2 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₃₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e3 may be an integer from 0 to 3; when e3 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₃₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e4 may be an integer from 0 to 4; when e4 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₃₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e5 may be an integer from 0 to 5; when e5 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₃₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e6 may be an integer from 0 to 6; when e6 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Z₃₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e7 may be an integer from 0 to 7; when e7 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

e9 may be an integer from 0 to 9; when e9 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₃₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, R₁may be selected from a benzene group and a naphthalene group; and

a benzene group and a naphthalene group, each substituted with at least one selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

b1 and b11 to b15 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10.

b1 indicates the number of R₁groups; when b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁groups may be identical to or different from each other. Descriptions for b1 to b15 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for b1 provided herein.

In Formula 1, two adjacent groups selected from L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may optionally be bound to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1-2 or 1-3:

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wherein, in Formulae 1-2 and 1-3,

A₁and A₂may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

X₂₁may be selected from a single bond, C(R₂₁)(R₂₂), N(R₂₁), 0, S, and Si(R₂₁)(R₂₂),

descriptions for L₃may be understood by referring to the descriptions for L₁in Formula 1,

descriptions for a3 may be understood by referring to the descriptions for a1 in Formula 1,

R₂₁, R₂₂, Z₁, Z₃₁, and Z₃₂may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

e51, e52, and d51 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10, and

X₁₁to X₁₅, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁, and b1 may respectively be defined the same as those of Formula 1.

The heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one —F.

In other words, at least one of L₁, L₂, L₁₁to L₁₅, R₁, and R₁₁to R₁₅may include a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group.

The number of —F(s) included in the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be an integer from 1 to 20, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the number of —F(s) included in the heterocyclic compound may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, at least one of R₁₁and R₁₅may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group.

In some embodiments, at least one of R₁₁and R₁₅may be a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group.

In some embodiments, R₁₁to R₁₅may each independently be selected from

wherein at least one of R₁₁(s) in the number of b11, R₁₂(s) in the number of b12, R₁₃(s) in the number of b13, R₁₄(s) in the number of b14, and R₁₅(s) in the number of b15 may be substituted with at least one —F, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, at least one of R₁₁(s) in the number of b11, R₁₂(s) in the number of b12, R₁₃(s) in the number of b13, R₁₄(s) in the number of b14, and R₁₅(s) in the number of b15 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-77, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-77,

Z₄₁may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

f2 may be an integer selected from 1 and 2; when f2 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₄₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

f3 may be an integer from 1 to 3; when f3 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₄₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

f4 may be an integer from 1 to 4; when f4 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₄₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

f5 may be an integer from 1 to 5; when f5 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₄₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

f6 may be an integer from 1 to 6; when f6 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₄₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, R₁may be selected from a benzene group and a naphthalene group; and

at least one of R₁₁(s) in the number of b11, R₁₂(s) in the number of b12, R₁₃(s) in the number of b13, R₁₄(s) in the number of b14, and R₁₅(s) in the number of b15 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-77, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, X₁₁, X₁₃, and X₁₅may each be N, X₁₂may be C-[(L₁₂)_a12-(R₁₂)_b12], and X₁₄may be C-[(L₁₄)_a14-(R₁₄)_b14],

wherein at least one of R₁₂(s) in the number of b12 and R₁₄(S) in the number of b14 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, X₁₁, X₁₃, and X₁₅may each be N, X₁₂may be C-[(L₁₂)_a12-(R₁₂)_b12], and X₁₄may be C-[(L₁₄)_a14-(R₁₄)_b14],

at least one of R₁₂(s) in the number of b12 and R₁₄(S) in the number of b12 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-77, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be selected from Compounds 1 to 132, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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The heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one fluorine substituent. As fluorine has high electronegativity and electron affinity, a dipole moment of a molecule may be increased, thereby improving electron injection ability and electron transport ability of a compound. Therefore, as the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 includes at least one fluorine substituent, the heterocyclic compound may have improved electron injection ability and electron transport ability of a compound.

In addition, the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include a phosphine oxide structure. As the phosphine oxide compound has a tetrahedral structure, an amorphous film may be formed due to its steric molecular structure. Also, as the phosphine oxide compound is capable of forming a negative hyper conjugation (back donation) and a hydrogen bond and has high electronegativity, a molecule may be stabilized; a dipole may be formed in a molecule, thereby improving electron transport ability.

In addition, an electronic device, e.g., an organic light-emitting device, employing the heterocyclic compound may have a low driving voltage, high current density, and high efficiency.

The heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be synthesized by using any suitable organic synthetic method available in the art. A method of synthesizing the heterocyclic compound may be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Examples described herein.

At least one heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included between a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be included in at least one selected from a hole transport region, an electron transport region, and an emission layer. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used as a material for forming a capping layer, which is disposed on outer sides of a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device.

Accordingly, there is provided an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

As used herein, the statement “(for example, the organic layer) including at least one heterocyclic compound” means that “(the organic layer) including a heterocyclic compound of Formula 1, or at least two different heterocyclic compounds of Formula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may include Compound 1 only as the heterocyclic compound. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the organic layer may include Compounds 1 and 2 as the heterocyclic compounds. In this embodiment, Compounds 1 and 2 may be present in the same layer (for example, Compounds 1 and 2 may be both present in an emission layer), or in different layers (for example, Compound 1 may be present in an emission layer, and Compound 2 may be present in an electron transport layer).

The term “organic layer,” as used herein, refers to a single and/or a plurality of layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode in an organic light-emitting device. A material included in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

In some embodiments, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include the heterocyclic compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include the electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer may include the heterocyclic compound.

In some embodiments, the emission layer may include the heterocyclic compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a p-dopant, wherein the p-dopant may have the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of −3.5 electron Volts (eV) or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant may include a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The organic light-emitting device may further include i) at least one second emission layer for emitting second color light or ii) at least one second emission layer for emitting second color light and at least one third emission layer for emitting third color light, between the first electrode and the second electrode, a maximum emission wavelength of the first color light, a maximum emission wavelength of the second color light, and a maximum emission wavelength of the third color light may be identical to or different from each other, and the first color light and the second color light are emitted in the form of mixed light, or the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are emitted in the form of mixed light.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

First electrode 110

Referring to FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 110 or over the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 110. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work function that facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combinations thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode 110, at least one of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combination thereof may be used, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. In some embodiments, the first electrode 110 may have a triple-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 may be on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials or a multi-layered structure, e.g., a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110 in each stated order, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, a spiro-TPD, a spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

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wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁to L₂₀₄may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer from 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄and Q₂₀₁may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁and R₂₀₂may optionally be linked via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃and R₂₀₄may optionally be linked via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 201 and 202, L₂₀₁to L₂₀₅may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄and Q₂₀₁may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein descriptions for Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be understood by referring to those provided herein.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201, at least one of R₂₀₁to R₂₀₃may each independently be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁may be linked to R₂₀₂via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃may be linked to R₂₀₄via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, at least one of R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄may be selected from:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

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In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A(1), but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A:

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In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A-1:

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In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

descriptions for L₂₀₁to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂to R₂₀₄may each be understood by referring to those provided herein,

descriptions for R₂₁₁and R₂₁₂may each be understood by referring to those for R₂₀₃provided herein, and

R₂₁₃to R₂₁₇may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 (Angstroms) A to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one selected from a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by an emission layer. The electron blocking layer may reduce or eliminate the flow of electrons from an electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may include the aforementioned materials.

p-Dopant

The hole transport region may include a charge generating material as well as the aforementioned materials, to improve conductive properties of the hole transport region. The charge generating material may be substantially homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge generating material may include, for example, a p-dopant.

In some embodiments, the LUMO of the p-dopant may be about −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from

a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formula 221,

R₂₂₁to R₂₂₃may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, provided that at least one selected from R₂₂₁to R₂₂₃may include at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —F, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, according to a sub-pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure. The stacked structure may include two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. The two or more layers may be in direct contact with each other. In some embodiments, the two or more layers may be separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials. The two or more materials may include a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, or a blue light-emitting material. The two or more materials may be mixed with each other in a single layer. The two or more materials mixed with each other in the single layer may emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include at least one of a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, in general, in a range of about 0.01 parts to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer

The host may include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[Ar₃₀₁]_xb11-[(L₃₀₁)_xb1-R₃₀₁]_xb21 Formula 301

wherein, in Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₃₀₁may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), and

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

wherein Q₃₀₁to Q₃₀₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Ar₃₀₁in Formula 301 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

When xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar₃₀₁groups may be linked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 may be represented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2:

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wherein, in Formulae 301-1 to 301-2,

A₃₀₁to A₃₀₄may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a dinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, a benzonapthothiophene group, and a dinaphthothiophene group,

X₃₀₁may be O, S, or N-[(L₃₀₄)_xb4-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁to R₃₁₄may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

descriptions for L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be understood by referring to those provided herein,

descriptions for L₃₀₂to may each independently be understood by referring to those for L₃₀₁provided herein,

descriptions for xb2 to xb4 may each independently be understood by referring to those for xb1 provided herein, and

descriptions for R₃₀₂to R₃₀₄may each independently be understood by referring to those for R₃₀₁provided herein.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, L₃₀₁to L₃₀₄may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein descriptions for Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be understood by referring to those provided herein.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R₃₀₁to R₃₀₄may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein descriptions for Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be understood by referring to those provided herein.

In some embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host may include a beryllium (Be) complex, e.g., Compound H55, a magnesium (Mg) complex, or a zinc (Zn) complex.

The host may include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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Phosphorescent Dopant Included in Emission Layer of Organic Layer 150

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401:

M(L₄₀₁)_xc1(L₄₀₂)_xc2 Formula 401

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wherein, in Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402, xc1 may be an integer from 1, 2, and 3; when xc1 is two or greater, at least two L₄₀₁groups may be identical to or different from each other,

L₄₀₂may be an organic ligand, xc2 may be an integer from 0 to 4; when xc2 is 2 or greater, at least two L₄₀₂groups may be identical to or different from each other,

X₄₀₁to X₄₀₄may each independently be nitrogen (N) or carbon (C),

X₄₀₁and X₄₀₃may be linked via a single bond or a double bond, X₄₀₂and X₄₀₄may be linked via a single bond or a double bond,

A₄₀₁and A₄₀₂may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=*′, or *=C(Q₄₁₁)=*′, wherein Q₄₁₁and Q₄₁₂may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆may be a single bond, O, or S,

R₄₀₁and R₄₀₂may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), wherein Q₄₀₁to Q₄₀₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀aryl group, and a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

* and *′ in Formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 401.

In some embodiments, in Formula 402, A₄₀₁and A₄₀₂may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁may be nitrogen, and X₄₀₂may be carbon, or ii) X₄₀₁and X₄₀₂may each be nitrogen.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, R₄₀₁and R₄₀₂may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanyl group, and a norbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),

wherein Q₄₀₁to Q₄₀₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or greater, two A₄₀₁groups of at least two L₄₀₁groups may optionally be linked to each other via X₄₀₇as a linking group; or two A₄₀₂groups may optionally be linked to each other via X₄₀₈as a linking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X₄₀₇and X₄₀₈may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₃)*′, *—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*′, and *—C(Q₄₁₃)=C(Q₄₁₄)-*′, wherein Q₄₁₃and Q₄₁₄may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

L₄₀₂in Formula 401 may be any suitable monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₂may be selected from halogen, diketone (e.g., acetylacetonate), a carboxylic acid (e.g., picolinate), —C(═O), isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (e.g., phosphine or phosphite), but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, at least one selected from Compounds PD1 to PD25, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer

The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or a styrylamine compound.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

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wherein, in Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

L₅₀₁to L₅₀₃may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

R₅₀₁and R₅₀₂may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

xd4 may be an integer from 1 to 6.

In some embodiments, Ar₅₀₁in Formula 501 may be selected from

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, L₅₀₁to L₅₀₃may each independently be selected from

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, R₅₀₁and R₅₀₂may each independently be selected from

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds FD1 to FD22:

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In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from the following compounds, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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Electron transport region in organic layer 150

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure each having a plurality of layers, each having a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the emission layer in each stated order, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may include the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

Further, the electron transport region, e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region, may include a metal-free compound as well as the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. The metal-free compound may include at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring,” as used herein, refers to a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety as a ring-forming moiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may be i) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *—N=*′ moiety are condensed, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety is condensed with at least one C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group.

Examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring may include an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, an oxazole, an isoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, a pyridazine, an indazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, a phenazine, a benzimidazole, an iso-benzothiazole, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine, a thiadiazole, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, and an azacarbazole, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[Ar₆₀₁]_xe11-[(L₆₀₁)_xe1-R₆₀₁]_xe21 Formula 601

wherein, in Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₆₀₁may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein Q₆₀₁to Q₆₀₃may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In one embodiment, at least one of Ar₆₀₁groups in the number of xe11 and R₆₀₁groups in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

In some embodiments, Ar₆₀₁in Formula 601 may be selected from

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar₆₀₁groups may be linked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₆₀₁in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

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wherein, in Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₅may be N or C(R₆₁₅), X₆₁₆may be N or C(R₆₁₆), and at least one selected from X₆₁₄to X₆₁₆may be N,

descriptions for L₆₁₁to L₆₁₃may each independently be the same as those for L₆₀₁as provided herein,

descriptions for xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as those for xe1 as provided herein,

descriptions for R₆₁₁to R₆₁₃may each independently be the same as those for R₆₀₁as provided herein, and

R₆₁₄to R₆₁₆may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, L₆₀₁and L₆₁₁to L₆₁₃may each independently be selected from

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613, may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, R₆₀₁and R₆₁₁to R₆₁₃may each independently be selected from

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁) and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein descriptions for Q₆₀₁and Q₆₀₂may each independently be understood by referring to those provided herein.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ:

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The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer or the electron control layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron controlling characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a material including metal.

The material including metal may include at least one selected from an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a lithium (Li) ion, a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, and a cesium (Cs) ion. The alkaline earth metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, a calcium (Ca) ion, an strontium (Sr) ion, and a barium (Ba) ion. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the material including metal may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or Compound ET-D2:

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The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers, each including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may each independently be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodines) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, respectively.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides, such as Li₂O, Cs₂O, or K₂O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI. In one embodiment, the alkali metal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from alkaline earth metal compounds such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_xSr_1-xO (where 0<x<1), and Ba_xCa_1-xO (where 0<x<1). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃, Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may each include ions of the above-described alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, as described above. In some embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150. In an embodiment, the second electrode 190 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode. In this embodiment, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2 to 4

Referring to FIG. 2, an organic light-emitting device 20 has a first capping layer 210, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 structure, wherein the layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order. Referring to FIG. 3, an organic light-emitting device 30 has the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, the second electrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 structure, wherein the layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order. Referring to FIG. 4, an organic light-emitting device 40 has the first capping layer 210, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second capping layer 220 structure, wherein the layers are stacked in this stated order.

The first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4 may be substantially the same as those illustrated in FIG. 1.

In the organic light-emitting devices 20 and 40, light emitted from the emission layer in the organic layer 150 may pass through the first electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the first capping layer 210 to the outside. In the organic light-emitting devices 30 and 40, light emitted from the emission layer in the organic layer 150 may pass through the second electrode 190 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the second capping layer 220 to the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may improve the external luminescence efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently be a capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

At least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include at least one material selected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds, porphine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earth metal complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound may optionally be substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include an amine-based compound.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201 or a compound represented by 202.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compound CP1 to CP5, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region may be formed in a set or specific region by using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region are each formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C. at a vacuum degree in a range of about 10⁻⁸torr to about 10⁻³torr, and at a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region are each formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to about 200° C., depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed.

General definitions of some of the substituents

The term “C₁-C₆₀alkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀alkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁(wherein A₁₀₁is a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group). Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in its ring, and is not aromatic. Examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₆-C₆₀arylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₆-C₆₀aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀arylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused (e.g., combined together).

The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused (e.g., combined together).

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group,” as used herein, refers to a group represented by —OA₁₀₂(where A₁₀₂is a C₆-C₆₀aryl group). The term “C₆-C₆₀arylthio group,” as used herein, refers to a group represented by —SA₁₀₃(where A₁₀₃is a C₆-C₆₀aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed and only carbon atoms as ring forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms), wherein the entire molecular structure is non-aromatic. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may be a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, wherein the entire molecular structure is non-aromatic. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms only as ring-forming atoms. The C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The term “C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a ring (e.g., a benzene group), a monovalent group (e.g., a phenyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a phenylene group). In one or more embodiments, depending on the number of substituents coupled or connected to the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a group having substantially the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, except that at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is used as a ring-forming atom, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms).

The term “fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group having at least one substituent of —F. The term “substituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group further substituted with at least one substituent defined herein. The term “unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the fluorine-containing C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group having hydrogen only as a substituent, other than —F.

The term “fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group having at least one substituent of —F. The term “substituted fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group further substituted with at least one substituent defined herein. The term “unsubstituted fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to the fluorine-containing C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group having hydrogen only as a substituent, other than —F.

In the present specification, at least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁₁to 01₃, Q₂₁to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph,” as used herein, represents a phenyl group. The term “Me,” as used herein, represents a methyl group. The term “Et,” as used herein, represents an ethyl group. The term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^t,” as used herein, represents a tert-butyl group. The term “OMe,” as used herein, represents a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group. In other words, the “biphenyl group” may be a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀aryl group as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group. In other words, the “terphenyl group” may be a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀aryl group as a substituent.

The symbols * and *′, as used herein, unless defined otherwise, refer to a binding site to an adjacent atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, compounds and an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples refers to that an identical (or substantially identical) number of molar equivalents of B was used in place of A.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES
Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 2

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Synthesis of Intermediate I-1

1.84 g (10 mmol) of cyanuric chloride, 1.22 g (10 mmol) of phenylboronic acid, 1.15 g (1 mmol) of Pd(PPh₃)₄, and 4.14 g (30 mmol) of potassium carbonate were dissolved in 100 mL of a mixture solution of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and H₂O (at a ratio of 2:1). Subsequently, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 80° C. for about 24 hours. Distilled water was added to the resulting mixture, and an organic layer was extracted therefrom three times using 60 mL of ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation to obtain a residue. The residue was separated and purified through silica gel chromatography to thereby obtain 1.92 g of Intermediate I-1 (yield: 85%). The obtained compound was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

C₉H₅Cl₂N₃: M⁺225.03

Synthesis of Intermediate I-2

2.26 g (10 mmol) of Intermediate I-1 was dissolved in 100 mL of THF. Subsequently, 10 mL (10 mmol) of 4-fluorophenyl magnesiumbromide was added dropwise to the mixture solution at a temperature of 0° C. Next, the resulting mixture was stirred for 12 hours at a temperature of 0° C., which was then allowed to raise to room temperature. Distilled water was added to the resulting mixture, and an organic layer was extracted therefrom three times using 60 mL of ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was dried using MgSO₄, and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation to obtain a residue. The residue was separated and purified through silica gel chromatography to thereby obtain 2.14 g of Intermediate 1-2 (yield: 75%). The obtained compound was identified by LC-MS.

C₁₅H₉ClFN₃: M⁺ 285.13

Synthesis of Compound 2

2.85 g (10 mmol) of Intermediate I-2, 4.44 g (11 mmol) of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide, 1.14 g (10 mol %) of Pd(PPh₃)₄, and 4.15 g (30 mmol) of K₂CO₃were dissolved in 100 mL of a mixture solution of THF and H₂O (at a ratio of 2:1). Subsequently, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 80° C. for about 24 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature, and an organic layer was extracted therefrom three times using 60 mL of ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was dried using MgSO₄, and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation to obtain a residue. The residue was separated and purified through silica gel chromatography to thereby obtain 4.06 g of Compound 2 (yield: 77%). The obtained compound was identified by LC-MS.

C₃₃H₂₃FN₃OP: M⁺ 527.17

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 3

3.97 g of Compound 3 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 2, except that 1.84 g (10 mmol) of cyanuric chloride was used as a start material, and 20 mL (20 mmol) of 4-fluorophenyl magnesiumbromide was added dropwise instead of phenylboronic acid in Synthesis of Intermediate I-1 (yield: 73%). The obtained compound was identified by mass spectroscopy/fast atom bombardment (MS/FAB) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

C₃₃H₂₂F₂N₃OP: M⁺545.14

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 6

3.60 g of Compound 6 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 3, except that 10 mmol of 4-bromo-1,2-difluorobenzene was used instead of 4-fluorophenyl magnesium bromide (yield: 62%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR.

C₃₃H₂₀F₄N₃OP: M⁺581.15

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 17

4.71 g of Compound 17 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 2, except that (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid was used instead of phenylboronic acid, and diphenyl(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide was used instead of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (yield: 75%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR.

C₄₀H₂₆FN₄OP: M⁺628.17

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 30

4.78 g of Compound 30 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 3, except that diphenyl(4-(4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide was used instead of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (yield: 64%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR.

C₄₉H₃₂F₂N₃OP: M⁺747.25

Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 78

4.49 g of Compound 78 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 3, except that diphenyl(3-(4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide was used instead of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (yield: 60%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR.

C₄₉H₃₂F₂N₃OP: M⁺747.24

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 98

4.13 g of Compound 98 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 3, except that diphenyl(3-(2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide was used instead of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (yield: 58%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ₁H NMR.

C₄₅H₂₈F₂N₃O₂P: M⁺711.20

Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 116

3.40 g of Compound 116 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 3, except that 5-phenyl-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)benzo[b]phosphindole 5-oxide was used instead of diphenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (yield: 55%). The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ₁H NMR.

C₃₉H₂₄F₂N₃OP: M⁺619.18

TABLE 1

HR-EIMS

Compound

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz)
found
calc.

2
δ = 8.80-8.79 (m, 2H), 8.47-8.45 (m, 2H),
527.17
527.16

8.34-8.31 (m, 2H), 8.07-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.68 (m,

4H), 7.63-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H),

7.44-7.39 (m, 5H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H)

3
δ = 8.47-8.45 (m, 2H), 8.34-8.31 (m, 4H),
545.14
545.15

8.07-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.48 (m,

2H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4H)

6
δ = 8.47-8.42 (m, 4H), 7.19-7.16 (m, 2H),
581.15
581.13

8.07-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.48 (m,

2H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 2H)

17
δ = 8.58-8.56 (m, 2H), 8.41-8.38 (m, 2H),
628.17
628.18

8.34-8.31 (m, 2H), 8.00-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.84 (m,

4H), 7.70-7.63 (m, 5H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 4H),

7.43-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H)

30
δ = 8.53-8.50 (m, 2H), 8.34-8.31 (m, 4H),
747.25
747.23

8.07-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 7H), 7.62-7.57 (m,

4H), 7.52-7.42 (m, 7H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4H),

7.01-6.98 (m, 2H)

78
δ = 8.53-8.50 (m, 2H), 8.34-8.31 (m, 4H),
747.24
747.23

8.07-8.01 (m, 3H), 7.83-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.63 (m,

5H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 4H),

7.43-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4H),

7.00-7.69 (m, 2H)

98
δ = 9.08-9.06 (m, 1H), 8.73-8.71 (m, 1H),
711.20
711.19

8.34-8.31 (m, 4H), 8.26-8.23 (m, 1H), 7.96-7.94 (m,

1H), 7.87-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.62 (m, 6H),

7.54-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 4H),

7.33-7.25 (m, 5H)

116
δ = 8.43-8.41 (m, 2H), 8.34-8.31 (m, 4H),
619.18
619.16

8.00-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.77 (m, 6H), 7.57-7.52 (m,

2H), 7.49-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 2H),

7.35-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4H)

EXAMPLES
Example 1

A 15 Ohms per square centimeter (Ω/cm²) (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrate (available from Corning Inc.) was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes in each solvent, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes so as to use the ITO glass substrate as a substrate and an anode. Then, the glass substrate was mounted on a vacuum-deposition device.

2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on the ITO anode formed on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of about 600 Å. 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter, referred to as “NPB”) was then vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of about 300 Å.

On the hole transport layer, 9,10-di-naphthalene-2-yl-anthracene (hereinafter referred to as “ADN”) as a host and 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as “DPAVBi”) as a dopant were co-deposited to a weight ratio of about 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of about 300 Å.

Compound 2 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF/Al electrode, i.e., a cathode, having a thickness of 3,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

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Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in Table 2 were used instead of Compound 2 in forming each electron transport layer.

The device performances (driving voltage, luminance, and efficiency) of the organic light-emitting device manufactured in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 at a current density of 50 mA/cm²were measured, and the half lifespans of the devices were measured at a current density of 100 mA/cm². The results thereof are shown in Table 2.

- The efficiency and luminescence were measured using a luminance meter PR650 powered by a current voltmeter (Keithley SMU 236).

TABLE 2

Half

Driving
Current

lifespan

voltage
density
Luminescence
Efficiency
Emission
(hr @

Material
(V)
(mA/cm²)
(cd/m²)
(cd/A)
color
100 mA/cm²)

Example 1
Compound
4.85
50
3,375
6.75
blue
371 hrs

2

Example 2
Compound
4.51
50
3,595
7.19
blue
398 hrs

3

Example 3
Compound
4.57
50
3,520
7.04
blue
382 hrs

6

Example 4
Compound
4.64
50
3,425
6.85
blue
377 hrs

17

Example 5
Compound
4.60
50
3,690
7.38
blue
422 hrs

30

Example 6
Compound
4.68
50
3,635
7.27
blue
403 hrs

78

Example 7
Compound
4.89
50
3,275
6.55
blue
375 hrs

98

Example 8
Compound
4.84
50
3,320
6.64
blue
384 hrs

116

Comparative
Compound
5.06
50
3,010
6.02
blue
325 hrs

Example 1
200

Comparative
Compound
5.17
50
3,185
6.37
blue
379 hrs

Example 2
A

Comparative
Compound
5.31
50
3,150
6.30
blue
297 hrs

Example 3
B

Compound 200

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Compound A

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Compound B

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Referring to the results of Table 1, it was found that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 have improved driving voltage, excellent I-V-L characteristics with improved efficiency, and for example, significantly improved lifespan, as compared with the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

In other words, when the compound according to one or more embodiments are used as an electron transport material in a device, the device may have excellent effects in driving voltage, luminescence, efficiency, and lifespan.

As apparent from the foregoing description, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, long lifespan, and high maximum quantum efficiency.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section described below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “under,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of explanation to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or in operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” or “under” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.” As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively. Also, the term “exemplary” is intended to refer to an example or illustration.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein, and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof.

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

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