Kim, J.S., et al., "Influence of Steric Factors on Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Cytotoxicity of Beisbenzimidazoles Related to Hoechst 33342", Abstract 7, 3rd Annual Scientific Retreat, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Princeton Marriott Forrestal Village, 28, (1995). |
Sun, Q., "Synthesis and Evaluation of Terbenzimidazoles as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 123, No. 15, Abstract No. 198741, 1241, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis and Evaluation of Terbenzimidazoles as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors", J. Med. Chem, vol. 38, 3638-3644, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Series of Novel DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitors as Antitumor Agents", Abstract 2688, Scientific Proceedings of 86th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada vol. 36, 451, (Mar. 1995). |
Yadagiri, B., et al., "Convenient Routes to Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazolo[4,5-b]pyridines Using Nitrobenzene as Oxidant", Synthetic Communications, 20(7), 955-963, (1990). |
Aquirre, J.M., et al., "Reaction of 1,2-diarylethylamides with ethyl polyphosphate (EPP): correlation of the von Braun, Ritter and Bischler-Napieralski reactions", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 111, No. 13,, Abstract No. 115004, J. Heterocycl.Chem; 89 Vol. 26(1), pp. 25-27, (Sep. 25, 1989). |
Badia, D., et al., "SIlicon-mediated isoquinoline synthesis: preparation and stereochemical characterization of 4-hydroxy-3-phenylisoquinolines", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 117, No. 13, Abstract No. 131034, Tetrahedron; 92, vol. 48 (21). pp. 4419-4430, (Sep. 28, 1992). |
Bradsher, C.K., et al., ".alpha-Acyl-o-tolunitriles as intermediates in the preparation of 3-substituted isoquinolines and 1-amino-2-benzopyrylium derivatives", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 089, No. 21, Abstract No. 179810, 3817-3820, (1978). |
Chen, A.Y., et al., "A New Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I Poison Hoechst 33342: Cytoxicity and Drug Resistance in Human Cell Cultures", Cancer Research, vol. 53, pp. 1332-1337, (Mar. 15, 1993). |
Chen, A.Y., et al., "DNA Minor Groove-Binding LIgands: A Different Class of Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitors", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA,, vol. 90, pp. 8131-8135, (Sep. 1993). |
Chen, A.Y., et al., "DNA Topoisomerases: Essential Enzymes and Lethal Targets", Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.,, vol. 34, pp. 191-218, (1994). |
Cherif, A., et al., "N-(5,5-Diacetoxypent-1-yl) doxorubicin: A New Intensely Potent Doxorubicin Analogue", J. Med. Chem., 35, 3208-3214, (1992). |
Croisy-Delcey, M., et al., "Synthesis and Carcinogenic Activity of Oxidized Benzacridines: Potential Metabolites of the Strong Carcinogen 7-MEthylbenz(c)acridine and of the INactive Isomer 12-Methylbenz(a)acridine", American Chemical Society, 26(2), 303-306, (1983). |
D'arpa, P., et al., "Topoisomerase-Targeting Antitumor Drugs", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 989, 163-177 (1989). |
Dominguez, E., et al., "Dehydrogenation reactions of 1-substituted-3-aryltetrahydroisoquin oline derivatives", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, No. 11, Abstract No. 090742, 525-528, (1984). |
Dorofeenko, G.N., et al., "Synthesis of 3-aryl derivatives of 2-benzopyrylium salts with free.alpha-positions", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 074, No. 15, Abstract No. 076295, 1013-1014, (1971). |
Fitzgerald, J.J., et al., "Reaction of Benzocyclobutene oxides with nitriles: synthesis of hypecumine and other 3-substituted isoquinolines", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 122, No. 7, Abstract No. 081704, Tetrahedron Lett. ; 94; vol. 35, (49), pp. 9191-9194, (Feb. 13, 1995). |
Fox, G.J., et al., "para-Bromination of Aromatic Amines: 4-Bromo-N,N-Dimethyl-3-(Trifluoromethyl)Aniline", Org. Syn., 55, 20-23, (1973). |
Fujii, N., et al., "Induction of Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I-mediated DNA Cleavage and DNA Winding by Bulgarein", Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, pp. 13160-13165, (1993). |
Gallo, R.C., et al., "Studies on the Antitumor Activity, Mechanism of Action, and Cell Cycle Effects of Camptothecin", Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 46, 789-795 (Apr. 1971). |
Gandhi, K.K., et al., "Regioselective thermal cyclizaiton of 3-substituted arylenamioimine hydrochlorides, a convenient method for the synthesis of functionalized polycyclic qunoline derivatives", Heterocycles, vol. 41, No. 5, Amsterdam, NL, pp. 911-920, (1995). |
Garcia, A., et al., "A simple direct aproach to 1-substituted 3-arylisoquinolines form deoxybenzoins and nitriles", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 11, No. 25, Abstract No. 231407, Tetrahedron; 88; vol. 44(21);, pp. 6681-6686, (Jun. 19, 1989). |
Gatto, B., et al., "Identification of Topoisomerase I as the Cyctotoxic Target of the Protoberberine Alkaloid Coralyne", Cancer Res., 56, 2795-2800, (1996). |
Giovanella, B.C., et al., "Complete Growth Inhibition of Human Cancer Xenografts in Nude mIce by Treatment with 20-(S) - Camptothecin", Cancer Research, 51, 3052-3055 (Jun. 1, 1991). |
Goldman, G.H., et al., "Differential poisoning of humand and aspergilus nidulans DNA topoisomerase I by Bi- and Terbenzimidazoles", Biochemistry, vol. 36, pp. 6488-6494, (1997). |
Hoan, N., et al., "Syntheses from o-halogenated anisoles and phenetoles", Chemical Abstracts, Abstr. No. 6571bg, vol. 41, No. 20, Columbus, Ohio, (Oct. 20, 1947). |
Iwao, M., et al., "A Regiospecific Synthesis of Carbazones via Consecutive Palladuim-Catalyzed Cross-coupling and Aryne-Mediated Cycclization", Heterocycles, 36, 1483-1488, (1993). |
Janin, Y.L., et al., "Synthesis and Evaluation of New 6-Amino-Substituted Benzo[c]phenanthridine Derivatives", J. Med. Chem, vol. 36, No. 23, pp. 3686-3692, (1993). |
Kametani, T., et al., "Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. DCXXVII. The formation of 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxybenz[c]acridine by treatment of 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophen ethyl)-2methylisoquinoline with triethyl phosphite", Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 23, NO. 9, pp. 2025-2028, (1975). |
Kim, J.S., et al., "Influence of steric factors on topoisomerase I inhibition and cytotoxicity of bisbenzimidazoles related to Hoechst 33342", Abstract 4, 86th annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Reserarch, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2689, (1995). |
Kim, J.S., et al., "Steric factors associated with the topoisomerase I inhibition and cytotoxicity of substituted bisbenzimidazoles", Abstract 10, Amiercan Assn of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Eastern Regional Meeting, 27, (1995). |
Kim, J.S., et al., "Structure-activity Relationships of Benzimidazoles and Related Heterocycles as Topoisomerase I Poisons", Bioorangic & Med. Chem., 4, 621-630, (1996). |
Kim, J.S., et al., "Substituted 2,5'-Bi-1H-benzimidazoles: Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Cytotoxicity", J. Med. Chem., vol. 39, 992-998, (1996). |
Kim, J.S., et al., "Terbenzimidazoles: influence as 2"-, 4-, and 5-substituents on cytotoxicity and relative potency as topoisomerase I poisons", J. MEd. Chem., vol. 40, pp. 2818-2821, (1997). |
Kitamura, T., et al., "Isoquinoline derivatives fron the Ritter-type reaction of vinyl cations", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, No. 1, Abstract No. 006157, Chem. Lett.; 84;(8);, pp. 1351-1354, (Jan. 7, 1985). |
LaVoie, E.J., et al., "Structure-activity studies related to minor groove-binding ligands which inhibit mammalian DNA topoisomerase I", Abstract 1, 85th Annual Meeting of American Association for Cancer Research, Apr. 10-13, 1994, San Francisco, CA, 2699, (1994). |
Makhey, D., et al., "Coralyne and Related Compounds as Mammalian Topoisomerase I and Topoisomerase II Poisons", Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett., vol. 4, 781-791, (1996). |
Makhey, D., et al., "Protoberberine Alkaloids and Related Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of Mammalian Topoisomerase I and II", Med CHem. Res., vol. 5, 1-12, (1994). |
Meegalla, S.K., et al., "Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Isoindolo[1,2-b]quinazolinone and Isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole Derivatives Related to the Antitumor Agnet Batracylin", J. Med. Chem., 37, 3434-3439, (1994). |
Memetzidis, G., et al., "Structure-affinity relationships of berbines or 5,6,13,13a-tetrahydor-8H-dibenzo[a,g]quino lizines at.alpha.-adrenoceptors", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 117, No. 3, Abstract No. 019892, Eur. J. Med. Chem.; 91; vol. 26 (6), pp. 605-611, (Jul. 20, 1992). |
Nelson, J.T., et al., "Proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra of fifteen substituted isoquinolines", CHemical Abstracts, vol., 115, No. 5, Abstract No. 048721, Magn. Reson. Chem.; 91; vol. 29(5), pp. 513-517, (Aug. 5, 1991). |
Pilch, D.S., et al., "A terbenzimidazole that preferentially binds and confromationally alters structurally distinct DNA duplex domains: a potential mechanism for topoisomerase I poisoning", Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci., USA, vol. 94, pp. 13565-13570, (Dec. 1997). |
Pilch, D.S., et al., "Biophysical Characterization of a Cytotoxic, Topoisomerase I Poison", Abstract 8, 3rd annual Scientific Retreat, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 3, (1995). |
Pilch, D.S., et al., "Characterizing the DNA binding modes of a topoisomerase I-poisoning terbenzimidazole: evidence for both intercalative and minor groove binding properties", Drug Design and Discovery, vol. 13, pp. 115-133, (1996). |
Piper, J.R., et al., "Synthesis and Antifolate Activity of 5-Methyl-5,10-dideaza Analogues of Aminopterin and Folic Acid and an Alternative Synthesis of 5,10-Dideazatetrahydorfolic Acid, a Potent Inhibitor of Glycinamide Ribonucleotide Formyltransferase", J. Med. Chem., 31, 2164-2169, (1988). |
Porai-Koshits, B.A., et al., "Imidazole derivatives Synthesis of some polybenzimidazoles", J. GEn. Chem. USSR, 23 as related in Chemical Abstracts, vol. 48, Nov. 10, 1954, Col. 12740, 873-9, (1953). |
Porai-Koshits, B.A., et al., "Imidazole derivatives. Synthesis of some polybenzimidazoles", Zhur. Obshchei Khim, 23, as related from Chemical Abstracts, vol. 48, Apr. 25, 1954, Col. 4523, 835-41, (1953). |
Quast, U., et al., "Heterocyclic.alpha.-carbinolamines with theisoquinuclidine skeleton. 3. Benzoisoquinuclidines", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 097, No. 21, Abstract No. 182180, 1501-1508, (1982). |
Safaryan, G.P., et al., "2-Benzopyrylium salts. 25, Reaction of 2-benzoqyrylium salts with some nucleophiles", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 096, No. 17, Abstract No. 142656, 1608-1611, (1982). |
Schiess, P., et al., "Thermolytic ring opening of acyloxybenzocyclobutenes: an efficient route to 3-substituted isoquinolines", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 104, No. 19, Abstract No. 168332, Tetrahedron Lett.; 85; vol. 26(33), pp. 3959-3962, (May 12, 1986). |
Shcherbakova, I.V., et al., "2-Benzoyrilium salts.35.Synthesis of the natural alkaloid dehydronorcoralydine and other substituted salts of dibenzo{a,g] quinolizine", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 112, No. 19, abstract No. 179554, Khim,Prir.Soedin.; 89(1), pp. 75-80, (May 7, 1990). |
Singh, M.P., et al., "Synthesis and Sequence-Specific DNA Binding of a Topoisomerase Inhibitory Analog of Hoechst 33258 Designed for Altered Base and Sequence Recognition", Chem. Res. Toxicol., 5, vol. 5, 597-607, (1992). |
Sotomayor, N., et al., "Oxidation reactions of 2'-functionalized 3-aryltetrahydro-and 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 124, No. 11, Abstract No. 145854, Tetrahedron; 95, vol. 51 (46) pp. 12721-12730, (Mar. 11, 1996). |
Stermitz, F.R., et al., "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Antitumor Benzophenanthridinum Salts", Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 18, pp. 708-713, (1975). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Structure activity of novel topoisomerase I inhibitors related to Hoechst 33342", Abstract 6, American Assn of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Eastern Regional Meeting, 25, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Structure Activity of Topoisomearse I Poisons Related to Hoechst 33342", Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters,, vol. 4, pp. 2871-2876, (1994). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Structure-activity studies related to minor groove-binding ligands which inhibit mammalian DNA topoisomerase I", Cancer Institute of New Jersey, First Annual Scientific Retreat, Jun. 7, 1994, Princeton Marriott Forrestal Village, Princeton, New Jersey, 66, (1994). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis and Evaluation of Terbenzimidazoles as Topisomerase I Inhibitors", Chemical Abstracts, 123(15), 198740, pp. 3638-3644, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors as antitumor agents", 86th Annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2688, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors as antitumor agents", Abstract 5, 3rd Annual Scientific Retreat, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 27, (1995). |
Sun, Q., et al., "Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and 5,6-Dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines", SYn. Lett., submitted, (1995). |
Vinogradov, A.E., et al., "Some properties of new DNA specific bisbenzimidazole fluorochromes without a piperazine ring", Biotechnic & Histochemistry, vol. 68, No. 5, pp. 265-269, (1993). |
Walterova, D., et al., "Isolation, Chemistry and Biology of Alkaloids from plants of Papaveraceae. Part XCV. Practical application of isotachophoresis in analysis of isoquinoline alkaloids", Chemical Abstract, vol. 104, No. 12, Columbus, OH, 23-36, (1986). |
Wang, L., et al., "Inhibition of Topoisomerase I Function of Coralyne and 5,6-Dihycrocoralyne", Chem. Res. Toxicol., vol. 9, pp. 75-83, (1996). |
Wang, L., et al., "Inhibition of Topoisomerase I Function by Nitidine and Fagaronine", Chem. Res. Toxicol., vol. 6, pp. 813-818, (1993). |
Yadagiri, B., et al., "Convenient Routes to Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazolo[4,5-b]Pyridines Using Nitrobenzene as Oxidant", Synthetic Communication, 20(7), 955-963, (1990). |
Yamamoto, Y., et al., "Reaction of 6H-1, 3-oxazin-6-one with benzyne giving isoquinoline derivitavies", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 118, No. 7, Abstract No. 059563, Annu. rep. Tohoku Coll. Pharm.; 91; vol. 38; 00. 43-45, (Feb. 15, 1993). |
Yamashita, Y., et al., "Induction of Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I and II Mediated Cleavage by Saintopin, a New Antitumor Agent from Fungus", Biochemistry, vol. 30, pp. 5838-5845, (1991). |
Yamashita, Y., et al., "Induction of Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I Mediated DNA Cleavage by Antitumor Indolocarbazole Derivatives", Biochemistry, vol. 31, pp. 12069-12075, (1992). |
Kim et al I, "Terbenzinidazoles: Influence, etc" CA127:117067 (1997). |
Kim et al II, "Quantitative Structure-Activity, etc" CA128:278724 (1998). |
Goldmann et al, "Differential Poisoning, etc" CA 126:341359 (1997). |
Pilch et al, "A Terbenzinidazole That, etc" CA 128:123523 (1997). |