Patent Application
20070012903
This invention relates to guard rail systems. In particular, this invention relates to a prefabricated guard rail system, components for a guard rail system and kits of components for a guard rail system that meets building code requirements.
Guard rails are used around decks, balconies, platforms, staircases and other elevated structures, to prevent injury and possible death from falling off of the edge of such structures. Most building codes have rigid requirements for guard rails, both in terms of where they are required and also prescribing certain construction parameters.
There is a need for deck and porch railing products that offer the look and feel of wood, provide a maintenance-free finish, are easily and quickly installed, have minimal numbers of parts including pieces and hardware, and which meet building code requirements as above.
Guard rail systems formed of wood, wood composites, various vinyl materials, and capped wood composites are available. Guard rail systems formed of capped wood composites are available in kits for easy installation whereas guard rail systems formed of wood or wood composites are fabricated at the job site and assembled using conventional wood practices, i.e., using screws and nails as fasteners. The fasteners used to assemble such railing systems are typically exposed, i.e., screw/nail heads are visible and aesthetically displeasing. Some vinyl guard rail systems such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) systems are provided in kits, include pre-drilled holes and are easily assembled. A shortcoming of most vinyl systems, however, is that unsightly exposed metal brackets are typically used to secure the components of the guard rail system together.
While PVC systems generally offer the advantage of kits, additional parts and pieces are also required to address installation concerns presented by angles and stairs which requires the manufacture of application specific components. Some PVC systems also use injection molded sleeves to hide the rail-to-post bracket connection. While the sleeves are generally effective at masking this connection, the sleeves and screws exposed to secure the sleeve to the rail detract from the appearance of the rail. Other PVC systems use routed slot-joint type systems to eliminate exposed fasteners, yet these components are prone to rattle and require numerous components with specific routing patterns to address various installation conditions, e.g. line post, corner post, end post, stair end post, stair thru post, and left and right stair to guard rail corners. Moreover, when grasped, hollow PVC over metal reinforcement rails feel hollow or plastic emphasizing the fact that the rail system is not formed of wood.
Capped wood composite guard rail systems offer the advantage of being provided in kits yet also having the appearance and feel of wood. Systems having the appearance of wood are typically favored in the guard rail industry. Current capped wood guard rail systems require metal brackets to connect the rails to the posts. The metal brackets are typically fastened below the rail, remaining undesirably visible in the finished assembly and revealing that the guard rail system is not formed of wood.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a guard rail system that has the look and feel of wood, yet is formed of materials that can be provided in kits for easy assembly, and which further include hidden fasteners not visible to the exterior.
To address these and other needs, and in view of its purposes, the present invention provides a guard rail system formed of various materials and which may be pre-cut in kits, including capped wood composite materials that give the appearance of wood. The system includes hidden fasteners and brackets that eliminate unsightly screw or nail heads and which undesirably reveal that the system is not made of wood.
According to one aspect of the invention, provided is a guard rail system that includes an upper rail and a bottom rail affixed to at least two anchor members and a plurality of balusters affixed to the upper rail and lower rail. The upper rail comprises a plurality of cooperating longitudinal members and includes a longitudinal cavity therein. First fasteners that fasten the upper rail to the balusters are not externally visible and the upper rail is affixed to each of the anchor members by a bracket disposed completely within the longitudinal cavity and not externally visible. The anchor member may be a post or wall or other structure to which a rail may be attached or anchored.
In another aspect of the invention, provided is a guard rail system that includes an upper rail and a bottom rail affixed to at least two anchor members and a plurality of balusters affixed to the upper rail and lower rail. The upper rail comprises a handrail superjacently joined to a top universal rail with a longitudinal cavity therebetween. First fasteners that fasten the upper rail to the balusters are not externally visible and the upper rail is affixed to each of the anchor members by a bracket disposed completely within the longitudinal cavity and not externally visible. The top universal rail has a cross-sectional shape of an upright U and is affixed to the balusters.
In another aspect of the invention, provided is prepared kit for a guard rail system comprising an upper rail and a lower rail adapted to be coupled to at least two anchor members, a plurality of balusters adapted to be coupled to the upper rail and the lower rail, each baluster including a bore for receiving a fastener. The upper rail comprises a handrail and a top universal rail to be joined together, the handrail over the top universal rail, to form a longitudinal cavity therebetween. First fasteners that fasten the top universal rail to the balusters are not externally visible. Brackets that affix the upper rail to each of the anchor members are disposed completely within the longitudinal cavity and not externally visible.
The present invention is best understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. Like numerals denote like features throughout the specification and drawing.
The present invention provides a guard rail system formed of various materials. The components may be formed of vinyl materials such as PVC, wood composites, or capped wood composites which may include a white or colored capstock over a wood composite core to produce a painted look. The finish of the external surfaces used for the upper rail, bottom rail, balusters, and post sleeve may be a wood grain finish that provides the look and feel of wood. The systems may come in kits which are pre-cut and may include pre-drilled holes for assembly. In one embodiment, any or all of the balusters, post sleeve, upper and lower rail components may be formed of a polymer wood composite such as a foamed polymer-fiber composite such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,268, issued to the present inventor as one of multiple inventors. The building materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,268 include, in one embodiment, a foamed polymer composite building material consisting of about 35-73 wt. % polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, about 27-65 wt. % fiber, a specific gravity of about 1.07 g/cc or less, and including a porosity of at least 1%. This exemplary foam polymer composite building material is capable of having a screw fastener countersunk therein without pre-drilling. U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,268 is hereby incorporated by reference, as it set forth in its entirety and the aforedescribed exemplary building material and the other building materials disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,268 may be used as building materials of the present invention in various embodiments.
An aspect of the present invention is that the guard rail system provides an aesthetically pleasing wood grain finish combined with hidden fasteners.
In the exemplary illustrated embodiment, upper rail 1 is formed of universal rail 13 and top (hand) rail 23 which are joined to produce upper rail 1 with upper longitudinal cavity 29. In the exemplary illustrated embodiment, top rail 23 includes longitudinal cavity 49 but as will be shown in subsequent figures, this is intended to be exemplary only. Top rail 23 may optionally include one or more flanges 67 that assist in the alignment or positioning of top rail 23 on upper universal rail 13. Upper universal rail 13 is generally U-shaped as assembled and optionally includes at least one flange 17 to aid in aligning baluster 7 to upper rail 1, specifically to upper universal rail 13. Lower universal rail 15 also includes optional flange 19 for aligning baluster 7 to lower universal rail 15. In one embodiment, bottom rail 3 is formed of universal rail 15 and optional base rail 25 that covers lower longitudinal cavity 31 that extends below balusters 7. Both upper and lower universal rails 13 and 15 include bore 37, indicated by dashed lines, that is aligned with corresponding bore 39, also indicated by dash lines, formed in baluster 7. A fastener that secures upper universal rail 13 to baluster 7 extends down from surface 51 and into bores 37 and 39. Such a fastener may include head 53 which may be countersunk within surface 51 or may rest above it. In either event, it should be pointed out that when top rail 23 is in position over upper universal rail 13, heads 53 of the fasteners used to couple upper universal rail 13 to baluster 7, are not externally visible. In other exemplary embodiments, other fastening means such as various suitable adhesives may be used to secure upper universal rail 13 to baluster 7. The bottom portion of upper universal rail 13 may include slots, holes or other recesses to receive the tops of balusters 7. Balusters 7 may be post-shaped, as illustrated in
Top rail 23 may be joined to universal rail 13 by various means. In one exemplary embodiment, conventional screws or other fasteners may be used. In one exemplary embodiment, an adhesive such as an epoxy may be used. In yet another exemplary embodiment, top rail 23 may be snap-fit into upper universal rail 13 using conventional techniques using slideable surfaces and cooperating flanges. Top rail 23 may be coupled to upper universal rail 13 by means of a flange or rib of top rail 23 secured below a corresponding flange or rib of upper universal rail 13. In yet another embodiment, top rail 23 may be secured to upper universal rail 13 by a screw driven upwardly in from the bottom of universal rail 13, and preferably countersunk within upper universal 13.
According to the embodiment in which bottom rail 3 is formed of lower universal rail 15 and optional base rail 25, the same techniques for joining the base rail, the universal rail, and the balusters, may be used. For example, lower universal rail 15 may be fastened to baluster 7 using the same fastening techniques, and cooperating bores 37 and 39, as described in conjunction with upper rail 1. Optional crushed block 65 provides support for the rail system between the anchors.
The fastener used to couple both upper rail 1 and lower rail 3, to post 5 or post sleeve 41, is contained within longitudinal cavities 29 and 31, respectively in the illustrated embodiment of
The preceding merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended expressly to be only for pedagogical purposes and to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents and equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
In the description, relative terms such as “lower,” “upper,” “horizontal,” “vertical,”, “above,” “below,” “up,” “down,” “top” and “bottom” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and do not require that the apparatus be constructed or operated in a particular orientation. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, such as “connected” and “interconnected,” refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.
Although the invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Rather, the appended claims should be construed broadly, to include other variants and embodiments of the invention, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and range of equivalents of the invention.
