Patent Application
20050028920
The invention relates to a tire building drum, more particularly a building drum having a high central crown.
The manufacture of tires involves numerous components and requires applying these tire components in a somewhat ordered sequence to form an assembly of components known as a “tire carcass” to which a belt package and a rubber tread is applied to make a green tire which is then vulcanized to finish the product we commonly refer to as a “tire”.
The assembly of tire components, specifically a tubeless type tire, includes a liner which forms an air impervious barrier to contain the air under pressure in the air chamber of a pneumatic tire, one or more plies reinforced by cords, a chaffer compound applied in two strips, two annular bead cores and a pair of apexes which are also generally applied in strips. The bead cores generally are applied over the chaffers. Other components such as sidewall strips, run-flat inserts, shoulder gum strips, and fabric toe guards can also be applied to form the tire carcass.
This stage of the tire building process is commonly referred to as the “first stage” of the tire building process. The components are applied over a cylindrical building drum that usually includes turn-up bladders and a center bladder to convert the subassembly of tire components from a cylindrical shape to a toroidal shape.
All or almost all the rubber components are usually applied to the building drum in strips. Each strip is wound onto the drum generally requiring a 360° revolution, the ends of the strip are then spliced together.
To make the assembly process more efficient, it is desirable to preassemble many of these tire component strips. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,762,740 a method of laminating several of the components into a subassembly of carcass components is taught. This preassembly of strips greatly improves the efficiency of the first stage building process.
The bead and apex have also been combined in a subassembly as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,034. The apex is applied in a strip outwardly extending from the radially outer or peripheral surface of the annular bead core and then stitched at the ends of the strip. These components, once preassembled, must be stored in such a way that the apex is not damaged when it is subsequently brought to the first stage tire building machine.
Such prior art subassemblies of an apex strip to a bead core have the apex radially extending in a manner that requires the carcass to be inflated in the central region to bring the apex into contact with the carcass. After the carcass is inflated, a turn-up of the ply ends and the sidewall rubber is made in a step commonly referred to as the “inflated turn-up”. This sequencing of forming the carcass requires a more complex method of manufacturing the carcass because the components and subassemblies are not applied to the tire building drum in a flat fully supported state.
Tire shaping drums, such as the drum shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,484 have been utilized for shaping tire components, however, no provision has been made for shaping the uncured components to the cured tire shape. One of the reasons for not fully shaping the tire has been the limited force available for pushing the beads toward the cured tire positions. Also, no provision has been made for retaining the beads in the pocket assemblies of the drum if the tire were to be shaped to the cured shape. Also, the bladder hinge points are not secured to prevent pulling the plies under the tire bead.
An object of the present invention is to avoid or eliminate the storage problems found in making a bead-apex subassembly.
Another object of the invention is to permit the carcass to be built with a bead-apex subassembly without requiring an inflated turn-up.
Another object of the invention is to build the bead apex subassembly at, but not on the first stage building drum, as the carcass is being constructed.
The method of building a tire carcass on a first stage tire building drum includes the steps of: applying unvulcanized tire building components on the first stage tire building drum to form a cylindrically shaped unvulcanized tire carcass having carcass ends; placing a pair of tire apex and bead subassemblies in parallel relation around the first stage drum in spaced relation from the cylindrical tire carcass thereon, such that the carcass ends of the tire carcass extend laterally beyond the apex and bead subassemblies; locking the beads by radially expanding bead lock mechanisms forcing the carcass into engagement with the beads; moving the carcass radially outwardly between the bead locks by radially expanding a central segment support mechanism including a plurality of central support segments 151 that are covered by inflatable turnup bladders while simultaneously axially inwardly moving the pair of bead locks; turning up the tire carcass ends following a radially outward extending contour at least halfway along the apex and bead to an axially inwardly extending end; and stitching the turnups to form a partially radially extending turnup. The method may also include further inflating the carcass to toroidally shape the carcass.
The step of moving the carcass radially outwardly between the bead locks includes moving the central support segments 151 a distance D, D being at least 30 mm. Each of the bead locks moves a distance axially inwardly equal to the radial movement of the central support segments 151. The method is best performed using a tire building drum having a central segment support mechanism having a plurality of radially expandable central support segments 151 covered by an inflatable pair of turnup bladders; a pair of bead locks; a pair of support rings, each support ring being positioned between the radially expandable segments and a bead lock and wherein as the central support segments 151 expand by moving radially outwardly relative to the axis of rotation and the bead locks move axially inwardly the support rings move axially inwardly under the segments.
Definitions
For ease of understanding this disclosure, the following items are disclosed:
“Apex” means an elastomeric filler located radially above the bead and interposed between the plies and the ply turn-up.
“Axial” and “axially” means the lines or directions that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Bead” means that part of the tire comprising an annular tensile member commonly referred to as a “bead core” wrapped by ply cords and shaped, with or without other reinforcement elements such as flippers, chippers, apexes, toe guards and chafers, to fit the design rim.
“Belt Structure” or “Reinforcing Belts” means at least two annular layers or plies of parallel cords, woven or unwoven, underlying the tread, unanchored to the bead, and having both left and right cord angles in the range from 17° to 27° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire.
“Carcass” means an unvulcanized laminate of tire ply material and other tire components cut to length suitable for splicing, or already spliced, into a cylindrical or toroidal shape. Additional components may be added to the carcass prior to its being vulcanized to create the molded tire.
“Casing means the tire carcass and associated tire components excluding the tread.
“Chafers” refers to narrow strips of material placed around the outside of the bead to protect cord plies from the rim, distribute flexing above the rim, and to seal the tire.
“Circumferential” means lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction.
“Cord” means one of the reinforcement strands of which the plies in the tire are comprised.
“Equatorial Plane (EP)” means the plane perpendicular to the tire's axis of rotation and passing through the center of its tread.
“Innerliner” means the layer or layers of elastomer or other material that form the inside surface of a tubeless tire and that contain the inflating fluid within the tire.
“Insert” means an elastomeric member used as a stiffening member usually located in the sidewall region of the tire.
“Ply” means a continuous layer of rubber-coated parallel cords.
“Radial” and “radially” mean directions radially toward or away from the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Radial Ply Tire” means a belted or circumferentially restricted pneumatic tire in which at least one layer of ply has the ply cords extend from bead to bead at cord angles between 65° and 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire.
“Shoulder” means the upper portion of sidewall just below the tread edge.
“Sidewall” means that portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.
“Tread” means a rubber component which when bonded to a tire carcass includes that portion of the tire that come into contact with the road when the tire is normally inflated and under normal load.
“Tread Width” means the arc length of the tread surface in the axial direction, that is, in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
The invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
With reference to
At one or both sides of the frame 100 are various mechanisms for supplying strips of elastomeric components used to make a tire carcass 10. These mechanisms are often called “let-off devices” which feed strips of tire material to the building drum 5.
In close proximity to the building drum 5 a mechanism called an “automatic bead loader” (not illustrated) can be employed. The bead loader has a pair of annular members that can be formed by two semi-circular half rings. The pair of bead loaders can be pivotally moveable away from and into axial alignment with the tire building drum. The bead loaders are modified to be an integral part of a bead apex subassembly transfer mechanism.
The pair of bead loaders move axially relative to each other. This feature enables the bead loaders to move axially inwardly over the building drum 5 when in a contracted condition.
The tire building can be fully automated or may require an operator to manually cut and splice the components as they are applied to the tire building drum 5.
To better appreciate the tire building process, the sequence of building an exemplary tire is explained below. The components listed below can be varied for a particular tire construction. Some tires have more components than others. For example, some tires of the tube type may not require a liner 50. It is, therefore, understood that the exemplary tire construction as illustrated toroidally in
A tire liner 50 is first applied to the tire building drum 5. Then, two shoulder gum strips 40 may be placed onto the liner at spaced locations axially inward of the edges of the liner 50. The shoulder gum strips 40 acts as a rubber reinforcement in the shoulder of the tire carcass.
A hard rubber chafer component 60 is then applied at each of the edges of liner 50. The chafer 60 is positioned axially to provide a tough rubber reinforcement between the tire and the rim flange of the wheel and is accordingly located in the bead region of the finished tire.
A sidewall component 70 can be attached to and slightly overlapping each of the chafers 60.
Optionally, to build an outlined white letter tire or a whitewall tire, a whitewall strip and a cover strip may be added to the sidewall areas 70 of the assembly 10. Additionally, run-flat inserts may be added in the sidewall region of the assembly. This is particularly useful in run-flat tire construction.
The above description includes most of the unreinforced elastomeric components required to build a tubeless tire carcass 10.
Overlying some of these or portions of these components prior to the lateral ends being folded over may be one or more plies 20.
Each of the components described above requires, if applied separately, a rotation of the building drum 5 to form the component into a cylindrical shape. Alternatively, these components may be fed to the tire building drum 5 as one or more subassemblies. In either case, the ends of the components or subassemblies must be spliced together.
The prior art method of tire assembly would next require that the bead cores 12 be slid over an end of the building drum 5 and positioned axially at a predetermined axial location generally above or slightly inward of the chafers 60 but over the toe guard strip if used. Then, an apex filler strip 30 would be placed with an end onto bead core 12 and extending axially inwardly relative to the bead cores 12. The apex filler strips 30 would then be cut to length and the cut ends 30A, 30B spliced together and then stitched onto the underlying bead core 20 and tire assembly. The application of the apex filler strip 30 required additional rotation of the building drum 5 and because the tire carcass is assembled in layers, each layer of strips must be accomplished sequentially.
The use of preassembled bead-apex subassemblies 2 can eliminate the time needed to rotate the drum 5. However, the need to store and maintain such subassemblies can be added cost in itself.
The present invention preferably has the forming of the bead-apex subassembly 2 at or in proximity to the tire building yet not on the building drum 5. This enables the subassemblies 2 to be formed without affecting or being limited to the building sequence of the rest of the carcass 10.
This means that the elastomeric apex strips 30 can be applied to the bead core 12 as a subassembly. The apex strip 30 is applied onto a radially outer surface 12A of a bead core 12. In the preferred embodiment, the apex strip 30 is applied vertically relative to the width (W) of the strip 30. Once applied, the longitudinal ends of the strip 30 are cut to length and spliced, preferably the strips 30 can be precut to length prior to being applied to the bead core 12. Then a pair of stitcher wheels presses firmly against the uncured apex strip 30 attaching it to the bead core 12. As illustrated, each apex strip 30 extends vertically outwardly from each bead core 12 as shown in
The bead-apex subassembly 2 is then pivoted into axially alignment with the axis of the tire building drum 5. Similarly, the bead loaders are positioned into axial alignment with the tire building drum 5. Once aligned, the bead loaders move axially inwardly over the bead core 12. At this point, the bead loaders, which preferably include a magnetic ring, pick up the bead apex subassembly 2 automatically. Alternatively, the bead loaders may use a vacuum or other means to grasp the bead-apex subassembly 2. Once grasped, the bead loaders each holding a bead-apex subassembly 2 can move axially to move over an end of the building drum 5 to position the bead-apex subassemblies 2 precisely onto the cylindrically-shaped carcass 10 at the location needed to position the bead apex subassembly 2. The bead loader then releases the bead apex subassembly 2 on the drum 5 while the drum bead locks 112 expand radially under the bead cores 12 locking them into position. Once the bead-apex subassembly 2 is transferred to the building drum 5, the bead loaders are moved back away from the building drum 5.
This method for building a tire carcass 10 as described has the bead locks 112 in a retracted position and axially spaced furthest apart yet when the building drum is in this contracted position as shown in
Once this is accomplished, as shown in
Once the tire turnup ends 11 are folded over as shown in
Once the stitching has been accomplished, the building drum 5 between the beads is charged with air or other fluid medium which passes through the central segment support mechanism 150 and the radially expanded central support segments 151 to toroidally shape the tire carcass 10 as illustrated in
As shown in
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
