Patent Grant
8383756
The present invention relates to the field of high-density data storage and read-back and more specifically to a data storage and read-back medium, a data storage and read-back system, and a data storage and read-back method.
Current data storage and imaging methodologies operate in the micron regime. In an effort to store ever more information in ever-smaller spaces, data storage density has been increasing. In an effort to reduce power consumption and increase the speed of operation of integrated circuits, the lithography used to fabricate integrated circuits is pressed toward smaller dimensions and denser imaging. As data storage size increases and density increases and integrated circuit densities increase, there is a developing need for compositions of matter for the storage media that operate in the nanometer regime.
A first aspect of the present invention is a composition of matter, comprising: one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers comprising (a) a first monomer including an aryl ether ketone and (b) a second monomer including an aryl ether ketone and a first phenylethynyl moiety, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers having two terminal ends, each terminal end having a phenylethynyl moiety the same as or different from the first phenylethynyl moiety.
A second aspect of the present invention is a method, forming a layer of polyaryletherketone resin by applying a layer of one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers and thermally curing the layer of one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers comprising (a) a first monomer including an aryl ether ketone and (b) a second monomer including an aryl ether ketone and a first phenylethynyl moiety, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers having two terminal ends, each terminal end having a phenylethynyl moiety the same as or different from the first phenylethynyl moiety, and bringing a thermal-mechanical probe heated to a temperature of greater than about 100° C. into proximity with the layer of a polyaryletherketone resin multiple times to induce deformed regions at points in the layer of the polyaryletherketone resin, the polyaryletherketone resin the thermal mechanical probe heating the points in the layer of the resin and thereby writing information in the layer of the resin.
A third aspect of the present invention is a data storage device, comprising: a recording medium comprising a layer of polyaryletherketone resin overlying a substrate, in which topographical states of the layer of the polyaryletherketone resin represent data, the polyaryletherketone resin comprising thermally cured one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers comprising (a) a first monomer including an aryl ether ketone and (b) a second monomer including an aryl ether ketone and a first phenylethynyl moiety, each of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers having two terminal ends, each terminal end having a phenylethynyl moiety the same as or different from the first phenylethynyl moiety; a read-write head having one or more thermo-mechanical probes, each of the one or more thermo-mechanical probes including a resistive region for locally heating a tip of the thermo-mechanical probe in response to electrical current being applied to the one or more thermo-mechanical probes; and a scanning system for scanning the read-write head across a surface of the recording medium.
The features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Also illustrated in
Turning to the operation of tip assembly 100, in
“Erasing” (not shown) is accomplished by positioning indenter tip 120 in close proximity to indentation 135, heating the tip to a temperature TE (erase temperature), and applying a loading force similar to writing, which causes the previously written indent to relax to a flat state whereas a new indent is written slightly displaced with respect to the erased indent. The cycle is repeated as needed for erasing a stream of bits whereby an indent always remains at the end of the erase track. TE is typically greater than TW. The erase pitch is typically on the order of the rim radius. In a first example, the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 130B is heated by heated indenter tip 120, the temperature of the indenter tip is not greater than about 500° C., and the erase pitch is 10 nm to eliminate indentation 135. In a second example, the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 130B is heated by heated indenter tip 120, the temperature of the indenter tip is not greater than about 400° C., and the erase pitch is 10 nm to eliminate indentation 135. In a third example, the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 130B is heated by heated indenter tip 120, the temperature of the indenter tip is between about 200° C. and about 400° C., and the erase pitch is 10 nm to eliminate indentation 135. In a fourth example, the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 130B is heated by heated indenter tip 120, the temperature of the indenter tip is between about 200° C. and about 500° C., and the erase pitch is 10 nm to eliminate indentation 135.
During a write operation, probe assembly 155 is brought into proximity to cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150 and probe tip assemblies 100 are scanned relative to the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer. Local indentations 135 are formed as described supra. Each of the probe tip assemblies 100 writes only in a corresponding region 170 of cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150. This reduces the amount of travel and thus time required for writing data.
During a read operation, probe assembly 155 is brought into proximity to cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150 and probe tip assemblies 100 are scanned relative to the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer. Local indentations 135 are detected as described supra. Each of the probe tip assemblies 100 reads only in a corresponding region 170 of cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150. This reduces the amount of travel and thus the time required for reading data.
During an erase operation, probe assembly 155 is brought into proximity to cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150, and probe tip assemblies 100 are scanned relative to the cured polyaryletherketone resin layer. Local indentations 135 are erased as described supra. Each of the probe tip assemblies 100 reads only in a corresponding region 170 of cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 150. This reduces the amount of travel and thus time required for erasing data.
Additional details relating to data storage devices described supra may be found in the articles “The Millipede—More than one thousand tips for future AFM data storage,” P. Vettiger et al., IBM Journal of Research and Development. Vol. 44 No. 3, May 2000 and “The Millipede—Nanotechnology Entering Data Storage,” P. Vettiger et al., IEEE Transaction on Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, No, 1, March 2002. See also United States Patent Publication 2005/0047307, Published Mar. 3, 2005 to Frommer et al. and United States Patent Publication 2005/0050258, Published Mar. 3, 2005 to Frommer et al., both of which are hereby included by reference in their entireties.
Turning to the composition of cured polyaryletherketone resin layer 130B of
The polyaryletherketone resin medium or imaging layer of the embodiments of the present invention advantageously meets certain criteria. These criteria include high thermal stability to withstand millions of write and erase events, low wear properties (little or no pickup of material by tips), low abrasion (tips do not easily wear out), low viscosity for writing, glassy character with no secondary relaxations for long data bit lifetime, and shape memory for erasability.
Cured polyaryletherketone resins according to embodiments of the present invention have high temperature stability while maintaining a low glass transition temperature (Tg). In a first example, cured polyaryletherketone resins according to embodiments of the present invention have a Tg of less than about 180° C. In a second example, cured polyaryletherketone resins according to embodiments of the present invention have a Tg of between about 100° C. and about 180° C.
The glass transition temperature should be adjusted for good write performance. To optimize the efficiency of the write process there should be a sharp transition from the glassy state to the rubbery state. A sharp transition allows the cured resin to flow easily when a hot tip is brought into contact and quickly return to the glassy state once the hot tip is removed. However, too high a Tg leads to high write currents and damage to the probe tip assemblies described supra.
A formulation of polyaryletherketone copolymer according to embodiments of the present invention comprises one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers, each polyaryletherketone copolymer of the one or more polyaryletherketone copolymers having the structure:
(i) m repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R2—O— (e.g., randomly) interspersed with n repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R3—O—, and terminated by a first terminal group represented by the structure R4—O— and a second terminal group represented by the structure —R1—O—R4, or
(ii) m repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R2—O— (e.g., randomly) interspersed with n repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R5—O—, and terminated by a first terminal group represented by the structure R4—O— and a second terminal group represented by the structure —R1—O—R4, or
(iii) m repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R2—O— (e.g., randomly) interspersed with n repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R3—O—, terminated by a first terminal group represented by the structure R6—O— and a second terminal group represented by the structure —R1—O—R6, or
(iv) m repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R2—O— (e.g., randomly) interspersed with n repeat units represented by the structure —R1—O—R5—O—, a first terminal group represented by the structure R6—O— and a second terminal group represented by the structure —R1—O—R6;
wherein O=oxygen, and occurs as a link between all R groups;
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of mono(arylacetylenes), mono(phenylethynyls),
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of mono(arylacetylenes), mono(phenylethynyls),
wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of mono(arylacetylenes), mono(phenylethynyls),
wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of mono(arylacetylenes), mono(phenylethynyls),
wherein m is an integer of 2 or more, n is an integer of 1 or more, m is greater than n and m+n is from about 5 to about 50.
The molar ratio of a first repeat unit (containing R1 and R2 groups) to a second repeat unit (containing either R1 and R5 groups or R3 and R2 groups) in structures (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is kept greater than 1, therefore the ratio m/n is greater than 1. The acetylene moieties in the R3, R4, R5, and R6 groups, whichever are present, react during thermal curing with each other to cross-link the polyaryletherketone copolymers into a polyaryletherketone resin by cyclo-addition.
In a first example, polyaryletherketone copolymers according to embodiments of the present invention advantageously have a molecular weight between about 3,000 Daltons and about 10,000 Daltons. In a second example, polyaryletherketone copolymers according to embodiments of the present invention advantageously have a molecular weight between about 4,000 Daltons and about 5,000 Daltons.
All materials were purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification unless otherwise noted.
3-Iodophenol (5.00 gram, 22.7 mmol), bis(triphenylphospine)palladium(II) dichloride (PdCl2(PPh3)2) (160 mg), triphenylphospine (PPh3) (420 mg), and CuI (220 mg) were suspended in triethylamine (NEt3) (150 mL) under an N2 atmosphere. Phenylacetylene (3.1 mL, 2.9 gram, 28.4 mmol, 1.25 eq) was added by syringe. The reaction mixture was then stirred and heated to 70° C. using an oil bath for 38 hours. Excess NEt3 was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining solids were extracted with 3×50 mL diethyl ether, which was then filtered and evaporated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica, 3:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) to give 4.1 gram of an orange solid. Further purification was accomplished by sublimation (100° C., 28 mTorr) to give 3-(phenylethynyl)phenol as a white solid (3.3 g, 75% yield).
To a suspension of 3-iodophenol (3.73 gram, 17 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (120 mg), CuI (161 mg), and PPh3 (333 mg) in NEt3 (100 mL) under N2 was added a solution of 3-hydroxyphenylacetylene (2.00 gram, 17 mmol) in NEt3 (10 mL). The mixture was stirred and heated to 70° C. using an oil bath for 18 h. Excess NEt3 was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were extracted with 4×50 mL diethyl ether which was then filtered and evaporated. The crude product was purified by suspending in 80 mL CH2Cl2, stirring for 1 hour, and filtering to give the final product as a yellow powder (2.96 g, 83% yield).
In a multi-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirring apparatus and a Dean-Stark trap, 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone (1.4187 gram, 6.502 mmol), resorcinol (0.5326 g, 4.838 mmol), 3,3′-dihydroxydiphenylacetylene (0.2540 g, 1.209 mmol), 3-hydroxydiphenylacetylene (0.1753 g, 0.9037 mmol), and potassium carbonate (3 g, 22 mmol) were suspended in a mixture of dimethylformamide (DMF) (10 mL) and toluene (20 mL). The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred and heated to 130° C. for 16 hours under a slow flow of dry nitrogen, and toluene was removed periodically via the Dean-Stark trap. At the end of the 16 h period, the temperature was increased to 150° C. for another 8 hours. The reaction was then cooled and the polymer was isolated by multiple precipitations using THF and methanol. Molecular weights were adjusted by using different proportions of (R1+R2) to (R3) and several different molecular weight polymers were prepared.
Thus, the embodiments of the present invention provide for compositions of matter for the storage media that operate in the nanometer regime.
The description of the embodiments of the present invention is given above for the understanding of the present invention. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various modifications, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the following claims cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is a continuation of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/618,940 filed on Jan. 2, 2007.
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| Child | 12051128 | US |
