This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 National Phase filing of International Application No. PCT/CN2018/118798, filed on Dec. 1, 2018, entitled “HIGH-DENSITY EDGE CONNECTOR,” which claims priority to and the benefit of Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 201821637284.5, filed Oct. 9, 2018; Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 201821637282.6, filed Oct. 9, 2018; and Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 201821637283.0, filed Oct. 9, 2018. The entire contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The technology described herein relates generally to electrical connectors used to interconnect electronic systems.
Electrical connectors are used in many ways within electronic systems and to connect different electronic systems together. For example, printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be electrically coupled using one or more electrical connectors, allowing individual PCBs to be manufactured for particular purposes and electrically coupled with a connector to form a desired system rather than manufacturing the entire system as a single assembly. One type of electrical connector is an “edge connector,” which is a type of receptacle connector. An edge connector is often mounted to a first printed circuit board and has a mating interface with a slot into which a smaller printed circuit board, sometimes called a card, may be inserted. The edge connector has signal and ground contacts that line walls of the slot to mate directly to conductive pads near the edge of the card when inserted in the slot. In this way, signals, and their associated reference voltages, may pass between the PCB and the card. The card may have conductive pads, sometimes called “gold fingers”, on one or both sides.
Some electrical connectors utilize differential signaling to transmit a signal from a first electronic system to a second electronic system. Specifically, a pair of conductors is used to transmit a signal. One conductor of the pair is driven with a first voltage and the other conductor is driven with a voltage complementary to the first voltage. The difference in voltage between the two conductors represents the signal. An electrical connector may include multiple pairs of conductors to transmit multiple signals. To control the impedance of these conductors and to reduce crosstalk between the signals, ground conductors may be included adjacent each pair of conductors.
As electronic systems have become smaller, faster, and functionally more complex, both the number of circuits in a given area and the operational frequencies have increased. Consequently, multiple requirements are imposed on connector designers to develop connectors that handle the transfer of data at high speeds without significantly distorting the data signals (via, e.g., crosstalk, or high insertion loss at some frequencies) using electrical contacts that have a high density (e.g., a pitch less than 1 mm, where the pitch is the distance between adjacent electrical contacts within an electrical connector). There are electrical as well as mechanical requirements, such as durability. Simultaneously satisfying all of the requirements can be difficult.
According to some aspects, an electrical connector comprises: at least two signal terminals each comprising two longer electrical contacts and two shorter electrical contacts; at least two ground terminals disposed such that two or more of the at least two signal terminals are between two adjacent ground terminals of the at least two ground terminals; and two shields configured and arranged such that the two or more of the at least two signal terminals and the two adjacent ground terminals are between the at least two shields, with the two adjacent ground terminals contacting the two shields.
According to additional aspects, an electrical connector comprises: an insulative housing, comprising a mating interface comprising a slot; a plurality of signal terminals each comprising two longer electrical contacts and two shorter electrical contacts, the longer electrical contacts and the shorter electrical contacts comprising contact surfaces exposed to the slot; a plurality of ground terminals disposed such that signal terminals of the plurality of signal terminals are between two adjacent ground terminals of the at least two ground terminals; and two strips of lossy material electrically coupled to the plurality of ground terminals, wherein the plurality of signal terminals and plurality of ground terminals are arranged in a row parallel to the slot, and the two strips of lossy material extend in a direction parallel to the row on opposite sides of the at least two signal terminals and the at least two ground terminals.
According to further aspects, an electrical connector comprises: a housing comprising a mating face and a mounting face with a slot in the mating face; a plurality of longer electrical contacts; and a plurality of shorter electrical contacts, wherein: longer electrical contacts of the plurality of longer electrical contacts comprise a bottom portion, a middle portion, and a top portion, with the top portion comprising a surface exposed within the slot and the bottom portion extending from the mounting face of the housing; shorter electrical contacts of the plurality of shorter electrical contacts comprise a bottom portion, a middle portion, and a top portion, with the top portion comprising a surface exposed within the slot and the bottom portion extending from the mounting face of the housing; and the middle portion of the shorter electrical contacts of the plurality of shorter electrical contacts further comprise a twist.
According to some aspects, an electrical connector comprises: a housing including a plurality of channels that are equally spaced center-to-center from each other, wherein each of the plurality of channels is configured to receive either a signal terminal or a ground terminal; a plurality of signal terminals in channels of the plurality of channels; and a plurality of ground terminals in channels of the plurality of channels.
Additional aspects include a method of manufacturing an electrical connector, the method comprising: selecting, for each of a plurality of equally spaced channels in a housing of the electrical connector, from between a signal terminal and a ground terminal; and inserting the selected signal terminals and ground terminals into the plurality of channels.
The foregoing is a non-limiting summary of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For the purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
The inventors have recognized and appreciated techniques for enabling compact, robust, high-density edge connectors operable at high frequencies. These techniques may be used separately or together in any suitable combination.
In one aspect, the inventors have recognized that increasing the number of signals passed through an edge connector by adding more terminals to the edge connector may undesirably result in a longer total length of the connector and a larger spatial structure of the product, which is disadvantageous for miniaturized and microminiaturized production. On the other hand, the inventors have recognized and appreciated that positioning existing connecting terminals closer together, so as to support miniaturized production, easily results in signal crosstalk and affects signal transmission quality.
In addition, for some connecting terminals, a gap provided between connecting terminals to receive a card may generally be slightly smaller than the thickness of the card, so that the card can be tightly held in the mating interface of the connector to ensure connection stability. However, the inventors have recognized and appreciated that this may cause a user to exert an undesirably large force when plugging or unplugging the card in the connector, causing external force that damages the terminals. As time passes, the gap may widen such that the card is only loosely held in the connector and the connector will thus fail to provide a stable connection.
The inventors have recognized and appreciated designs that can provide a high-density edge connector that also improves connection stability and transmission quality and reduces crosstalk. In some embodiments, a high-density edge connector may include connecting terminals that have longer contacts and shorter contacts, both with mating surfaces exposed in a slot of a mating interface of the connector. Such contacts may be positioned to mate with multiple rows of pads along an edge of a card inserted in the connector, which may provide a large number of interconnects, without requiring an increase in length of the connector.
One or more techniques may be used to prevent an undesirable level of crosstalk. Those techniques may include the use of ground terminals and signal terminals, which may be loaded into an insulative housing of the connector in any selected pattern in a row extending in an elongated dimension or direction of the slot of the mating interface. One such pattern, for all or portion of the connector, may entail positioning two signal terminals between two ground terminals. In some embodiments, the ground terminals may be connected with lossy strips, which improves high frequency performance. Alternatively or additionally, the ground terminals may be connected to shields, that extend in the row direction and are orthogonal to the ground terminals. In such a configuration, signal contacts in the two terminals may be bounded on at least two sides, and in some embodiments four sides, by grounded structures, which reduces crosstalk.
In some embodiments, the signal contacts may be configured as differential pairs. Those differential pairs may be broadside coupled differential pairs of signal contacts spaced apart in the row direction. In such a configuration, the longer and shorter contacts on each side of the slot may provide four differential pairs in the two signal terminals between adjacent ground terminals. Nonetheless, crosstalk may be low because of the grounded structures. Crosstalk may also be low because of differences in length of the longer and shorter contacts. The difference in length, for example, may provide a separation between contact surfaces between 6 mm and 9 mm.
In some embodiments, the contacts may be shaped to provide a low insertion force, thereby reducing the chances that a user will apply a damaging force when plugging or unplugging a card into the connector. Either or both of the longer and shorter contacts may include a twist that reduces the stiffness of the contact beam, reducing the insertion and retention force of the connector. In some embodiments, either or both of the longer and shorter contacts may include a primary elastic arm and a secondary elastic arm, which may be shaped to provide a desired insertion or retention force for that contact.
In some embodiments, a high-density edge connector may include connecting terminals that are spaced and shielding plates that are arranged on two sides of the connecting terminals and that fixedly connect the connecting terminals. The connecting terminals may comprise signal terminals located on the inner side, and two ground terminals located on the outer side and sandwiching the plurality of signal terminals therebetween, wherein the ground terminals are vertically connected to the shielding plates to position the plurality of signal terminals in a volume surrounded by the ground terminals and the shielding plates.
In some embodiments, each of the signal terminals and the ground terminals may comprise a first signal contact and a second signal contact having a length greater than a length of the first signal contact, the first signal contact and the second signal contact being arranged side by side and independent of each other. Additionally, a first contacting foot may be arranged at one end of the first signal contact, a first contact point may be arranged at the other end of the first signal contact, and a first twisted portion may be arranged between the first contacting foot and the first contact point. a second contacting foot may be arranged at one end of the second signal contact, a second contact point may be arranged at the other end of the second signal contact, and a second twisted portion may be arranged between the second contacting foot and the second contact point. Additionally, the bottom surface of the second contacting foot may be flush with the bottom surface of the first contacting foot, and the second contact point and the first contact point may protrude in the same direction.
According to some embodiments, the shorter first signal contact and the longer second signal contact may be arranged such that one connecting terminal is provided with at least two contact points. In the case of the same number of connecting terminals, the transmission rate is doubled. That is, the number of contact points arranged on each row of connecting terminals may be upgraded from 2 to 4, which the inventors have appreciated can reduce the length of the product by about a half, thereby saving space and cost.
In some embodiments, each of the signal contacts of the connecting terminal may be generally of a sheet structure. Signal contacts may be repeatedly arranged side by side to form the connecting terminal. Such a configuration, for example, may be formed by stamping the conductive structures for a connecting terminal from a sheet of metal.
In actual operation, a narrow surface, formed by “length×thickness”, of each signal contact is in contact with a card member. Since the thickness of the pin is smaller than its length and width, under the same conditions, a positive force (perpendicular to the contact surface, which can be understood as the intensity of pressure of the contact surface) formed between the contact and a mating pad on the card in the unit contact area will be larger. As described above, the inventors have recognized and appreciated that, when increasing density such as by providing two rows of contacts, a large external force may be required for plugging and unplugging, which may cause a user to exert an undesirably large force during the process of plugging, and may cause sufficient force to damage the terminals. As time passes, the gap may become loose, thus failing to achieve stable connection.
The inventors have recognized and appreciated that some embodiments may alleviate this problem, with the first signal contact and the second signal contact provided with the first twisted portion and the second twisted portion, respectively. The twisted portions (including the first twisted portion and the second twisted portion) divide the signal contacts (including the first signal contact and the second signal contact) into two portions. The planes where the two portions are located intersect with each other such that a narrow contact surface formed by “length×thickness” is replaced with a wide contact surface formed by “length×width” on the upper half of each signal contact, to reduce the positive force on the upper part of the pin body.
Further, by twisting, the stiffness of the signal contact may be reduced, in some embodiments, which may reduce the insertion and retention force. The twist, for example, may be 90 degrees +/−5 degrees (i.e., the twist may be between 85 and 95 degrees). A contact may be stamped from a sheet such that a surface of the sheet is perpendicular to the direction in which the contact must deflect for mating. If the mating surface is on an edge of the contact perpendicular to the surface, at the bottom portion of the contact, such as at the foot for mounting to the printed circuit board, that surface may be perpendicular to the direction of beam motion, creating a stiff beam. As a result of the twist in a middle portion of the contact, at the upper portion of the contact, where the contact surface is located, that surface may be parallel to the elongated direction of the slot into which a mating card will be inserted, creating a less stiff beam. Therefore, twisting the contact so that the surface of the sheet from which the contact is stamped is parallel to the elongated direction of the slot into which a mating card will be inserted, a less stiff beam results.
Therefore, the external force for plugging or unplugging required by the user to overcome the positive force is reduced to provide convenience for the user to plug in.
In some embodiments, shorter electrical contacts may include a first surface that is within 5 degrees of perpendicular to the elongated direction of the slot at the bottom portion of the respective shorter electrical contact, and that is within 5 degrees of parallel to the elongated direction of the slot at the top portion of the respective shorter electrical contact. In some embodiments, the first surface at the top portion of the shorter electrical contacts may comprise the mating surface.
In some embodiments, the slot may have a given insertion direction. Additionally, the top portion of the longer electrical contacts may comprise a mating surface, and the mating surfaces of the shorter electrical contacts and of the longer electrical contacts may be separated in the insertion direction by between 6 and 9 millimeters.
In some embodiments, the longer electrical contacts may comprise a second surface, which may be within 5 degrees of perpendicular to the elongated direction of the slot at the bottom portion of the respective longer electrical contact, and may be within 5 degrees of perpendicular to the elongated direction of the slot at the top portion of the respective longer electrical contact.
In some embodiments, the slot may comprise a first side wall and a second side wall opposing the first side wall, with a first portion of the longer electrical contacts disposed adjacent the first side wall, with a second portion of the longer electrical contacts disposed adjacent the second side wall, and with a first portion of the shorter electrical contacts disposed adjacent the first side wall, and a second portion of the shorter electrical contacts disposed adjacent the second side wall.
According to some embodiments, the ground terminals and the shielding plates may be arranged around the signal terminals to take a desired shielding effect on signal transmission and eliminate the crosstalk caused by signal differentials on two sides of the signal terminals for transmitting data to the greatest extent, thereby achieving a desired signal integrity performance. Through simulation analysis, the high-density connecting subassembly of some embodiments can achieve a transmission rate of 32 G bps.
The inventors have also recognized and appreciated that a high-density edge connector according to some embodiments can provide greater flexibility in terms of use cases. For example, ground terminals can be used in some channels in the connector housing that would normally contain signal terminals. Alternatively or additionally, a low speed terminal may become a high speed terminal by adding conductive plastic (e.g., lossy elements, described further below) on the connector housing.
In some embodiments, a distance between the first contact point and the second contact point may be between 6 mm and 9 mm. For example, in some embodiments, a distance between the first contact point and the second contact point is 7 mm to 8.5 mm.
According to some embodiments, the distance between the first contact point and the second contact point for transmitting signals is set to be in such a range to ensure the desired signal integrity performance, thereby avoiding a large product structure owing to a too large distance therebetween or large signal crosstalk owing to a too small distance therebetween. Within the range from 7 mm to 8.5 mm, the transmission quality and product size can be balanced.
Further, in some embodiments, the twisted angles of the first twisted portion and the second twisted portion are 45 degrees to 135 degrees respectively.
In some embodiments, the twisted angles may have a range from 45 degrees to 135 degrees, such that the upper part (a contact surface portion) of the twisted signal contact can make line contact with the card as much as possible to ensure the transmission quality, thereby preventing a point contact between the contact surfaces (including the first contact surface and the second contact surface) and the card (due to too large or too small twisted angles), which might affect the transmission quality.
It should be noted that a “mating surface” may be shaped to create contact in ways including but not limited to contact at a point, along a line or over a broader area. That is, a mating surface may have a structure that is raised for forming a point contact, a line contact, or contact over a broader surface.
Further, in some embodiments, the twisted angles of both the first twisted portion and the second twisted portion are 90 degrees. Under the twisted angles of 90 degrees, the mating surface at the upper part of the twisted body of the signal contact may be completely fitted to the card member to form a line contact or a surface contact.
Further, in some embodiments, the first contacting foot and the second contacting foot are inverted T-shaped and L-shaped respectively, or may also be in other shapes, such as a transverse line segment or a pressfit. Those skilled in the art can make any reasonable modifications under the teachings herein.
Further, in some embodiments, the surface of each of the signal terminals may be covered with an insulating sheet, and the insulating sheet may cover a portion between the first mating surface and the first contacting foot and a portion between the second mating surface and the second contacting foot. The insulating sheet may hold signal contacts as part of the signal terminal.
According to some embodiments, the insulating sheet can isolate a signal channel between adjacent signal terminals and avoid mutual crosstalk. In addition, due to the presence of the insulating sheet, a plurality of signal terminals can be directly stacked together, which facilitates the positioning and assembly of the terminals, and at the same time achieves the purposes of modular design, that is, flexible production according to customer requirements and cost saving.
Further, in some embodiments, the second signal contact, which may be a longer signal contact in a signal terminal, comprises a supporting arm and an elastic arm that is connected to the supporting arm and bent relative to the supporting arm. The second contacting foot is arranged at an end, away from the elastic arm, of the supporting arm, and the second mating surface is arranged on the elastic arm.
Further, in some embodiments, the elastic arm comprises a primary elastic arm and an secondary elastic arm, wherein the primary elastic arm and the secondary elastic arm are connected to the supporting arm respectively, extend from their respective connection parts with the supporting arm in a direction away from the supporting arm and are spaced from each other. The second mating surface is arranged on one side, away from the secondary elastic arm, of the primary elastic arm.
Further, in some embodiments, the shielding plates comprise main bodies and installation grooves formed in the main bodies, and the ground terminals are clamped in the installation grooves.
The shielding plate is connected with the ground terminal on the outer side through the installation groove in clamping manner, which is very convenient for production and assembly, and is beneficial to mass production of the product.
Further, in some embodiments, the installation groove comprises a strip-shaped clamping slot and at least two transverse slots intersected with the clamping slot. The transverse slots are communicated with the strip-shaped clamping slot, and a plurality of protrusions is formed at the intersections of the transverse slots and the strip-shaped clamping slot. These protrusions may be deflected when a ground terminal is inserted in the installation groove, exerting pressure to clamp the ground terminal in the installation groove.
According to some embodiments, the transverse slots that intersect with the clamping slot are additionally arranged on the basis of the clamping slot, and a plurality of protrusions are formed on the intersection therebetween. Therefore, after the ground terminals are clamped into the clamping slot, the shielding plates and the ground terminals are connected tightly through the protrusions, to ensure that the shielding plates are sufficiently connected to the ground terminals. With the protrusions, it is possible to not only avoid the difficulty in plugging and assembling caused by an interference fit between the clamping slot and the ground terminals but also to avoid poor contact caused by a clearance fit between the clamping slot and the ground terminals. According to some embodiments, the protrusions are arranged in the installation groove to facilitate the assembly, and also ensure the tight connection between the ground terminals and the shielding plates and the signal transmission quality.
Further, in some embodiments, the transverse slots are perpendicular to the clamping slot. The transverse slot is U-shaped. Also, it may be in the shape of a transverse line segment or T-shaped, and those skilled in the art can make any reasonable modifications under the teachings herein. In the meantime, the number of clamping slots is at least 2, which may be 3, 4, 5, or even more.
A high-density edge connector comprises a housing and a plurality of said connecting terminals which are arranged in the housing in a row. In some embodiments, the housing may contain a plurality of channels into which the connecting terminals may be inserted. The channels and connecting terminals may be configured such that either a signal terminal or ground terminal may be inserted in any channel. As a result, the row may contain any desired pattern of signal terminals and ground terminals.
Further, in some embodiments, the shielding plates of two adjacent connecting subassemblies are connected with each other.
The connecting terminals of some embodiments are simple in structure and stable in transmission performance, and capable of achieving higher-efficiency transmission of signals, avoiding signal crosstalk among the connecting terminals, achieving higher transmission efficiency in the case of the same connection length and saving a structural space of the product. In the meantime, connecting terminals of some embodiments provide a mating interface into which it is easy for the user to plug or unplug a card.
With reference to
With reference to
The number of the signal terminals 21 is plural, such as two, three, four, five or more, which may be arranged according to the type of a transmission signal during specific application. For example, when the transmission signal is a differential signal, there are two signal terminals which form a positive-negative differential pair. In some embodiments, corresponding electrical contacts in the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal may form broadside coupled differential pairs. Alternatively or additionally, electrical contacts in the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal may form differential pairs, and each first and second signal terminal may be bounded on four sides—for example, on a first side by a first ground terminal of the at least two ground terminals, on a second side, parallel to the first side, by a second ground terminal of the at least two ground terminals, on a third side, orthogonal to the first side, by a first shield of the two shields, and on a fourth side, parallel to the third side, by a second shield of the two shields, such that the differential pairs are bounded on four sides by ground conductors.
As shown in
Two ends of the ground terminals 22 at two sides are respectively connected through shielding plates 23. The two shielding plates 23 and the two ground terminals 22 bound a rectangular space. As shown in
With reference to
Signal and ground terminals may have other shapes.
terminals are stamped. The ground terminals may be severed from the carrier strips by cutting the type bars before installation in a connector. The signal contacts may be overmolded with an insulative material to hold them together before the tie bars holding the signal contacts together are severed. In embodiments in which the contacts are twisted or otherwise formed those operations may be performed before over molding or, for portions of the contacts outside of the overmolded, those operations may be performed after over molding. Other operations may be performed on the contacts either before or after overmolding. In some embodiments, contact surfaces may be coated, such as with gold or other metal that resists oxidation, and such a coating may be applied either before or after over molding. In some embodiments, the connecting terminals may further comprise a third signal contact, a fourth signal contact, a fifth signal contact, . . . , and an n-th signal contact, which are increased in length in sequence, and are respectively provided with a third mating surface, a fourth mating surface, a fifth mating surface, . . . , and an n-th mating surface, thereby obtaining a plurality of signal contacts and thus improving the transmission efficiency. In view of producing and processing difficulties and costs, there are four signal contacts preferably, namely, two first signal contacts and two second signal contacts as shown in the figures. As a result there may be two longer and two shorter signal contacts per signal terminal and ground terminals with four mating surfaces that align with the mating surfaces of the signal contacts.
With reference to
With reference to
For example, according to some embodiments, an electrical connector may comprise: a housing comprising a mating face and a mounting face with a slot in the mating face; a plurality of longer electrical contacts; and a plurality of shorter electrical contacts. Additionally, longer electrical contacts may comprise a bottom portion, a middle portion, and a top portion, with the top portion comprising a surface exposed within the slot and the bottom portion extending from the mounting face of the housing. Additionally, shorter electrical contacts may comprise a bottom portion, a middle portion, and a top portion, with the top portion comprising a surface exposed within the slot and the bottom portion extending from the mounting face of the housing. Additionally, the middle portion of the shorter electrical contacts may further comprise a twist, such as is discussed above. In some embodiments, the middle portion of the shorter electrical contacts may be elongated along an axis parallel to a first direction, and the twist may be about that axis.
Longer signal contact 12 has one or more bends so as to align contact surface of the longer and short contacts on each of the signal terminal so as to make contact with pads on a surface of a card 6.
A distance S between the first mating surface 112 and the second mating surface 122 is 7-8.5 mm. Preferably, the distance between the first mating surface 112 and the second mating surface 122 is 7 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm or 8.5 mm. The first contacting foot 111 and the second contacting foot 121 are inverted T-shaped and inverted L-shaped respectively.
The elastic arm 125 comprises a primary elastic arm 126 and a secondary elastic arm 127. Both the primary elastic arm 126 and the secondary elastic arm 127 are connected with the supporting arm 124. Both the primary elastic arm 126 and the secondary elastic arm 127 extend towards the direction, away from the supporting arm 124, from their connecting positions with the supporting arm 124, and are spaced from each other. The second contact 122 is arranged at the side, away from the secondary elastic arm 127, of the primary elastic arm 126. Preferably, the length of the primary elastic arm is greater than the length of the secondary elastic arm, which facilitates plugging and unplugging in use.
In this embodiment, the upper portion of the second signal contact 12 is designed to be two separate parts, i.e., the primary elastic arm 126 and the secondary elastic arm 127. In this way, a positive force generated by the second signal contact, as well as characteristic impedance of the signal contact itself, may be reduced. Thus, a user may perform insertion easily. Since there is a gap between the primary elastic arm 126 and the secondary elastic arm 127, one end thereof may be fixed and the other end are independent of each other. This may further alleviate yielding and prolong the service life of a connector.
In some embodiments, In some embodiments, the top portion of the longer electrical contacts may comprise an edge perpendicular to the first surface and a mating surface on the edge. Additionally, the top portion of the longer electrical contacts may comprise a primary elastic arm and secondary elastic arm.
With reference to
With reference to
The installation groove 232 comprises a strip-shaped clamping slot 2321 and at least two transverse slots 2322 intersected with the clamping slot 2321. The transverse slots 2322 are communicated with the strip-shaped slot, and a plurality of protrusions 2323 is formed at the intersections. The transverse slot 2322 is perpendicular to the clamping slot 2321 and the transverse slots 2322 is U-shaped. As shown in
In some embodiments, shields may each include a shielding plate 23, which may include the openings extending along a first axis in the shielding plate 23. Additionally, each opening may receive an edge of a respective ground terminal orthogonal to the shielding plate 23. The shielding plate 23 may also include two or more (e.g., four) portions protruding into the openings so as to contact and apply pressure against the respective ground terminal 22. Additionally, the shields may include at least one first portion extending from the shielding plate 23 and bent to conform to a bend in a longer electrical contact. In some embodiments, the at least one first portion may be between adjacent openings. In some embodiments, the openings may be spaced center-to-center to fit four signal terminals between adjacent openings.
With reference to
The expression “a plurality of” in some embodiments means that the specific number may be set correspondingly according to the specification of the connector. For example, the number may be three, four, five, six, or more, which will not be particularly limited in some embodiments. As shown in
According to some embodiments, at least two signal terminals (e.g., 21) may each comprise two longer electrical contacts and two shorter electrical contacts, at least two ground terminals (e.g., 22) may be disposed such that two or more signal terminals are between two adjacent ground terminals, and two shields may be configured and arranged such that the two or more signal terminals and the two adjacent ground terminals are between the at least two shields, with the two adjacent ground terminals contacting the two shields. In some embodiments, ground terminals are orthogonal to the shields.
In some embodiments, each signal terminal may comprise an insulating sheet holding the two longer electrical contacts and two shorter electrical contacts with the bottom portions and top portions of the two longer electrical contacts and two shorter electrical contacts extending from the insulating sheet.
With reference to
In some embodiments, a third strip of lossy material may be coupled to the ground terminals, with the third strip of lossy material disposed at a bottom of the slot. Alternatively or additionally, two shields may be configured and arranged such that the signal terminals and the ground terminals are between the two shields, with the ground terminals contacting the two shields.
In some embodiments, the two strips of lossy material may comprise projections engaging the plurality of ground terminals. Alternatively or additionally, the two strips of lossy material may be mounted outside the housing.
Any suitable lossy material may be used for these and other structures that are “lossy.” Materials that conduct, but with some loss, or material which by another physical mechanism absorbs electromagnetic energy over the frequency range of interest are referred to herein generally as “lossy” materials. Electrically lossy materials can be formed from lossy dielectric and/or poorly conductive and/or lossy magnetic materials. Magnetically lossy material can be formed, for example, from materials traditionally regarded as ferromagnetic materials, such as those that have a magnetic loss tangent greater than approximately 0.05 in the frequency range of interest. The “magnetic loss tangent” is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex electrical permeability of the material. Practical lossy magnetic materials or mixtures containing lossy magnetic materials may also exhibit useful amounts of dielectric loss or conductive loss effects over portions of the frequency range of interest. Electrically lossy material can be formed from material traditionally regarded as dielectric materials, such as those that have an electric loss tangent greater than approximately 0.05 in the frequency range of interest. The “electric loss tangent” is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex electrical permittivity of the material. Electrically lossy materials can also be formed from materials that are generally thought of as conductors, but are either relatively poor conductors over the frequency range of interest, contain conductive particles or regions that are sufficiently dispersed that they do not provide high conductivity or otherwise are prepared with properties that lead to a relatively weak bulk conductivity compared to a good conductor such as copper over the frequency range of interest.
Electrically lossy materials typically have a bulk conductivity of about 1 siemen/meter to about 100,000 siemens/meter and preferably about 1 siemen/meter to about 10,000 siemens/meter. In some embodiments material with a bulk conductivity of between about 10 siemens/meter and about 200 siemens/meter may be used. As a specific example, material with a conductivity of about 50 siemens/meter may be used. However, it should be appreciated that the conductivity of the material may be selected empirically or through electrical simulation using known simulation tools to determine a suitable conductivity that provides both a suitably low crosstalk with a suitably low signal path attenuation or insertion loss.
Electrically lossy materials may be partially conductive materials, such as those that have a surface resistivity between 1 Ω/square and 100,000 Ω/square. In some embodiments, the electrically lossy material has a surface resistivity between 10 Ω/square and 1000 Ω/square. As a specific example, the material may have a surface resistivity of between about 20 Ω/square and 80 Ω/square.
In some embodiments, electrically lossy material is formed by adding to a binder a filler that contains conductive particles. In such an embodiment, a lossy member may be formed by molding or otherwise shaping the binder with filler into a desired form. Examples of conductive particles that may be used as a filler to form an electrically lossy material include carbon or graphite formed as fibers, flakes, nanoparticles, or other types of particles. Metal in the form of powder, flakes, fibers or other particles may also be used to provide suitable electrically lossy properties. Alternatively, combinations of fillers may be used. For example, metal plated carbon particles may be used. Silver and nickel are suitable metal plating for fibers. Coated particles may be used alone or in combination with other fillers, such as carbon flake. The binder or matrix may be any material that will set, cure, or can otherwise be used to position the filler material. In some embodiments, the binder may be a thermoplastic material traditionally used in the manufacture of electrical connectors to facilitate the molding of the electrically lossy material into the desired shapes and locations as part of the manufacture of the electrical connector. Examples of such materials include liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and nylon. However, many alternative forms of binder materials may be used. Curable materials, such as epoxies, may serve as a binder. Alternatively, materials such as thermosetting resins or adhesives may be used.
Also, while the above described binder materials may be used to create an electrically lossy material by forming a binder around conducting particle fillers, the application is not so limited. For example, conducting particles may be impregnated into a formed matrix material or may be coated onto a formed matrix material, such as by applying a conductive coating to a plastic component or a metal component. As used herein, the term “binder” encompasses a material that encapsulates the filler, is impregnated with the filler or otherwise serves as a substrate to hold the filler.
Preferably, the fillers will be present in a sufficient volume percentage to allow conducting paths to be created from particle to particle. For example, when metal fiber is used, the fiber may be present in about 3% to 40% by volume. The amount of filler may impact the conducting properties of the material.
Filled materials may be purchased commercially, such as materials sold under the trade name Celestran® by Celanese Corporation which can be filled with carbon fibers or stainless steel filaments. A lossy material, such as lossy conductive carbon filled adhesive preform, such as those sold by Techfilm of Billerica, Massachusetts, US may also be used. This preform can include an epoxy binder filled with carbon fibers and/or other carbon particles. The binder surrounds carbon particles, which act as a reinforcement for the preform. Such a preform may be inserted in a connector wafer to form all or part of the housing. In some embodiments, the preform may adhere through the adhesive in the preform, which may be cured in a heat treating process. In some embodiments, the adhesive may take the form of a separate conductive or non-conductive adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive in the preform alternatively or additionally may be used to secure one or more conductive elements, such as foil strips, to the lossy material.
Various forms of reinforcing fiber, in woven or non-woven form, coated or non-coated may be used. Non-woven carbon fiber is one suitable material. Other suitable materials, such as custom blends as sold by RTP Company, can be employed, as the present invention is not limited in this respect.
In some embodiments, a lossy member may be manufactured by stamping a preform or sheet of lossy material. For example, an insert may be formed by stamping a preform as described above with an appropriate pattern of openings. However, other materials may be used instead of or in addition to such a preform. A sheet of ferromagnetic material, for example, may be used.
However, lossy members also may be formed in other ways. In some embodiments, a lossy member may be formed by interleaving layers of lossy and conductive material such as metal foil. These layers may be rigidly attached to one another, such as through the use of epoxy or other adhesive, or may be held together in any other suitable way. The layers may be of the desired shape before being secured to one another or may be stamped or otherwise shaped after they are held together.
In some embodiments, any or all of lossy elements 51-54 may be used instead of or in addition to shielding plates 23. For example, any or all of lossy elements 51-54 may be arranged at two sides of and fixedly connect the ground terminals. In the embodiment illustrated, the lossy elements are separated from the signal conductors by insulative portions of the connector, including the insulative portions of housing 41 or the insulative portions of the signal terminals. When used with shielding plates 23, some or all of the lossy elements may contact the shielding plates.
Ground terminals may be connected with any or all of lossy elements 51-54. In the embodiment illustrated, connections between the lossy elements and ground terminals is made via channels formed in projecting portions of the lossy elements. The channels may receive edge portions of the ground terminals.
The lead frame may then be shaped with twists, as described above, or formed with other shapes.
In a subsequent operation, intermediate portions of the signal conductors may be overmolded with an insulative layer. This insulative layer may hold the signal contacts together as a conducting terminal. In this state, the tie bars may be severed, separating the conducting terminal from the carrier strip. In some embodiments, at least one signal terminal may comprise electrical contacts and an insulative layer, with the electrical contacts held by the insulative layer.
Ground terminals may also be made from a lead frame 1420 stamped from a sheet of metal. The lead frame 1420 is illustrated without twists in the beams that carry contact surfaces. However, it should be appreciated that such twists may be included if desired to reduce the insertion and retention force of the mating surfaces on those beams. As with the lead frame 1410 for the signal terminals, the ties bars may be severed for lead from 1420, releasing the ground terminals for the carrier strip.
The signal terminals may be arranged in any suitable pattern. In the embodiments described above, a portion of the connector is configured for high frequency operation. That portion of the connector has alternating ground terminals and pairs of signal terminals. In some embodiments, the signal terminals and ground terminals are arranged in a repeating pattern of ground terminal, first signal terminal, second signal terminal, and so on. However, any suitable pattern of ground terminals and signal terminals may be used in any portion of the connector.
Signal terminals and ground terminals of the desired pattern may then be inserted into an insulative housing. Top portions of the contacts of the signal terminals and ground terminals may be aligned to form a mating interface. Those top portions, carrying mating surfaces of the contacts, may line opposing walls of a slot. Bottom portions of the contacts may extend from a bottom face of the insulative housing. Those portions may form a mounting interface, for mounting the connector to a printed circuit board. Components such as hold downs may then be inserted to aid in attaching the connector to a printed circuit board. In some embodiments, the bottom portions of the plurality of longer electrical contacts and the plurality of shorter electrical contacts may comprise contact feet.
Once the ground terminals are inserted in the housing, lossy elements may be attached. In the embodiment of
According to some embodiments, an electrical connector may be manufactured by selecting, for each of equally spaced channels in a housing of the electrical connector, from between a signal terminal and a ground terminal, and inserting the selected signal terminals and ground terminals into the channels. In some embodiments, the manufacturing process may include connecting ground terminals with two shields. Alternatively or additionally, the manufacturing process may include connecting ground terminals with lossy strips.
As shown in
As can be seen in
In some embodiments, a first signal terminal and a second signal terminal may be disposed in adjacent channels, with the first signal terminal abutting the second signal terminal. Additionally, a third signal terminal and a first ground terminal may be disposed in adjacent channels, with the third signal terminal separated from the first ground terminal.
Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
For example, it is described that openings in an overmolding (e.g., overmold 24 in
Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, though advantages of the present invention are indicated, it should be appreciated that not every embodiment of the invention will include every described advantage. Some embodiments may not implement any features described as advantageous herein and in some instances. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.
Various aspects of the present invention may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments.
Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.
All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “equal” or “the same” in reference to two values (e.g., distances, widths, etc.) means that two values are the same within manufacturing tolerances. Thus, two values being equal, or the same, may mean that the two values are different from one another by ±5%.
The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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201821637282.6 | Oct 2018 | CN | national |
201821637283.0 | Oct 2018 | CN | national |
201821637284.5 | Oct 2018 | CN | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CN2018/118798 | 12/1/2018 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2020/073460 | 4/16/2020 | WO | A |
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