1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to methods and devices for operating siding sleeve devices used in subterranean wellbores and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sliding sleeve valve devices are well known and widely used in downhole hydrocarbon production. Typically, these devices are made up of an outer tubular housing that defines an axial flowbore within. One or more radial fluid transmission ports are disposed through the outer housing. The outer tubular housing contains an inner sleeve member that is shiftable (typically axially) within the housing. The inner sleeve member also presents a radial fluid port through its body, which is selectively aligned with the fluid transmission port(s) in the housing as the sleeve is shifted within the housing. Typically also, there are annular seal rings located on either axial side of the fluid transmission port(s) to prevent fluid from flowing between the housing and sleeve member.
Operational problems arise where there is a significant pressure differential between the interior flowbore and the surrounding wellbore. If this situation exists when the sleeve valve is being moved from a closed to an open position, or an open to a closed position, the seal rings are especially vulnerable to high pressure fluids passing through the aligned fluid ports. As the valve fluid ports are slidingly moved with respect to each other, there is a point at which the port are partially aligned and fluid is forced through a very small area opening. The differential fluid pressure placed upon the seal rings at this point is quite high. The seal rings can be blown out or otherwise damaged during the process of opening or closing the sleeve valve. Damage to the seal rings can seriously degrade or eliminate the ability of the sleeve valve to close off fluid flow into or out of the flowbore.
At times, conditions develop within the wellbore wherein a sleeve valve must be opened or closed under differential pressure situations that are much greater than originally planned. A valve that is designed to open against a differential fluid pressure of, for example, 1,500 psi may be moved into a lower portion of the wellbore wherein differential pressures exceed 5,000 psi. In such a situation, operating the valve between open and closed positions would be inadvisable and likely destroy the ability of the valve to function properly thereafter.
The present invention addresses the problems of the prior art.
The invention provides devices and methods for opening and/or closing a sliding sleeve valve in order to prevent significant stress upon and damage to the fluid seals that are disposed between the outer housing and the sleeve member elements of the valve Preferred embodiments of the invention feature a shifting tool which carries a latching device and a fluid closure portion with sacrificial seals. In operation, the shifting tool is secured to the sleeve member with the latching device as the closure portion seals off across the fluid flow port of the sleeve member. The shifting tool is then moved to slide the sleeve member between open and closed positions. The shifting tool is then released from the sleeve member and the closure portion is removed from sealing contact with the fluid port of the sleeve member. The fluid seals between the housing and the sleeve member are protected since the rush of fluid associated with the release or capture of differential pressure will be diverted to the sacrificial seals.
In one preferred embodiment, the latching mechanism includes one or more collet fingers with a latching profile that is releasably securable to a matching profile on the sleeve member. When the collet fingers become affixed to the sleeve member, the closure portion covers the fluid port of the sleeve member and seals against fluid flow therethrough.
In a further preferred embodiment, the shifting tool is actuated by hydraulic pressure to cause the shifting tool to latch the shifting tool to the sliding sleeve member with latching keys. In addition, the hydraulic pressure actively creates a fluid seal between the shifting tool and the sleeve member to block off the inner flow port associated with the sleeve member. A release of hydraulic pressure both releases the latching arrangement and unseals the closure portion from the sleeve member.
In a further embodiment, the shifting tool includes a locking mechanism wherein a releasable ratchet-type locking member helps to secure the latching key(s) to the sleeve member.
The invention is best understood with reference to the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, and:
Annular fluid seals 28 are located on each axial side of the outer radial fluid flow port 16 and are sandwiched between the sleeve member 20 and the housing 12. The seals 28 provide sealing between the sleeve member 20 and the housing 20.
An inner radial fluid port 30 is disposed through the sleeve member 20. In the configuration depicted in
The housing 12 carries a release shoulder 54 within the flowbore 14 above the sleeve member 20. The release shoulder 54 presents an inwardly and downwardly directed beveled edge 56 that is shaped to be generally complimentary to a slanted inwardly-directed face 58 at the upper end of the sleeve 20.
In exemplary operation, the sleeve valve 10 is initially in a closed configuration as depicted in
The shifting tool 32 is then secured to the sleeve member 20, as shown in
When the shifting tool 32 is seated as shown in
The shifting tool 70 includes a generally cylindrical housing 74 with a latching mechanism 76 and the fluid closure portion 62′ housed within. The latching mechanism 76 includes the trough 40 with one or more keys 78 (one shown) moveably disposed therein. If desired, there may be a retaining cage (not shown) associated with the latching mechanism for loosely securing the keys 78 within the trough 40. The keys 78 are moveable radially outwardly (see
The fluid closure portion 62′ includes the blocking plate 64 and elastomeric fluid sealing elements 66. The closure portion 62′ also features a piston chamber 90 located adjacent the plate 64 and sealing elements 66. A piston 92 is shiftably disposed within the chamber 90. The piston 92 presents a fluid pressure receiving end 94 and a compression end 96. An annular fluid seal 98 is provided between the piston 92 and the surrounding chamber 90. The compression end 96 adjoins one of the sealing elements 66. A second fluid communication port 100 extends through the housing 74 to the chamber 90.
Increased fluid pressure within the flow,bore 88 will also be transmitted through the second fluid transmission port 100 into the piston chamber 90. The increased fluid pressure within the chamber 90 bears against the pressure receiving end 94 and causes the piston 92 to shift within the chamber 90 and urges the compression end 96 against the adjacent elastomeric sealing element 66. Both sealing elements 66 and the blocking plate 64 are compressed against a bulkhead 102 in the housing 74. As these components are axially compressed against the bulkhead 102, the sealing elements 66 are extruded radially outwardly and into sealing contact with the inner surface 22 of the sleeve member 22 on both axial sides of the fluid pod 30. As a result, the inner fluid port 30 is actively sealed off
Once the shifting tool 70 is affixed to the sleeve 20 and the port 30 actively sealed off, the coiled tubing 72 and shifting tool 70 may be lifted to shift the sleeve member 20 axially upwardly with respect to the surrounding housing 12, as described previously. In this case, the shifting action will open the sleeve valve 10 by sliding the inner fluid flow port 30 axially upwardly above the lower fluid seal 28, thereby allowing fluid flow between the flowport 30 and the flowbore 14 of the valve housing 12. Sealing off the pod 30 prior to shifting the sleeve 20 is advantageous since the point of pressure transfer associated with the high pressure rush of fluid during opening is shifted radially inwardly from the outer seals 28 to the inner seals 66. The seals that are adversely affected by the increased differential fluid pressure during closing/opening of the valve 10 are the sacrificial seals 66. Because these seals are removed with the shifting tool 70, they can be easily replaced.
After opening the sleeve valve 10 the shifting tool 70 is released from the sleeve member 20 and removed from the flowbore 14 by pulling to coiled tubing out of the hole. To release the shifting tool 70, fluid pressure is reduced within the coiled tubing 72 and the central flowbore 88. The pressure reduction will cause the key(s) 78 to withdraw radially inwardly, thereby releasing the shifting tool 70 from engagement with the sleeve member 20. In addition, the piston end 96 no longer compresses the sealing members 66 of the closure portion 62, and the fluid seal across the inner fluid port 30 is released. If necessary to help release the key(s) from the sleeve member 20, the shifting tool 70 may be raised further upwardly with respect to the valve housing 12 so that the glide face 52 of the key(s) 78 contacts the beveled edge 56 of the shoulder 54, as previously described, to urge the key(s) 78 radially inwardly thereby releasing the shifting tool 70 from the sleeve 20
The outer component 70b includes a pocket 112 that retains a releasable locking member 114. The locking member 114 is shown apart from other components of the shifting tool 70 in
Following the latching attachment of the shifting tool 70 to the sleeve member 20 and engagement of the locking mechanism 132, as described, the shifting tool 70′ may be moved axially upwardly with respect to the housing 12 to shift the sleeve member 20 between closed and open positions, as described earlier. The shifting tool 70′ is released from latching connection with the sleeve member 20 by releasing fluid pressure within the central flowbore 88 and moving the shifting tool 70′ axially upwardly with respect to the housing 12 until the glide face 52 of the key(s) 78 contacts the beveled edge 56 of the shoulder 54. This sliding contact forces the key(s) 78 radially inwardly to press inwardly upon the release tab 130. The locking member 114 is tilted upon its pivot portion 128 to bring the toothed surface portion 126 out of ratchet-like engagement with the toothed ratchet surface 110. As a result, the outer component 70b is freed to move axially upwardly with respect to the inner component 70a, in the direction of arrow 136. This movement will retract the release tab 130 of the locking member 114 from beneath the key(s) 78 and allow the key(s) 78 to retract back into the trough 40 Thereafter, the shifting tool 70′ is released from engagement with the sleeve member 20 and may be withdrawn from the flowbore 14.
The sliding sleeve valve 10l together with the shifting too 32, 70 or 70′, may be thought of collectively as a sliding sleeve valve assembly. It should be understood that systems and methods of various embodiments of the invention provide protection to the fluid seals 28 which are located between the housing 12 and the sleeve member 20 since the point of differential pressure change is moved radially inwardly and upon the sacrificial seals 66. The differential pressure change associated with either opening or closing off the inner fluid port 30 occurs when the closure portion 62 is placed over or removed from over the port 30 rather than occurring when the sleeve 20 is shifted with respect to the housing 12. The systems and methods provided by the present invention thereby provide a new and unexpected benefit and result not present in previous shifting tools,
Those of skill in the art will recognize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary designs and embodiments described herein and that the invention is limited only by the claims that follow and any equivalents thereof.
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5549161 | Gomez et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20090139726 A1 | Jun 2009 | US |